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Wu S, Zheng H, Wang Y, Wang L, Chen W. Cyanobacterial bioreporter of nitrate bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120749. [PMID: 37918203 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The water eutrophication, resulting from the discharge of industrial and agricultural wastewater, leads to ecological degradation. However, to date, how to assess and manage the risks of water pollution, especially nitrogen pollution, remains a particularly noteworthy issue. Nitrate, the most important nitrogen compound, has become a bottleneck restricting total nitrogen management. The development of bioreporters monitoring nitrate pollution contributes to the estimation of water quality, especially the availability of nutrients. In this study, we obtained 9 bioreporters from 40 cyanobacterial derivatives which were constructed based on different hosts, copy numbers, and sensing elements and evaluated the performance of bioreporters. The results showed that single-celled Synechocystis was more sensitive to nitrate than filamentous Anabaena, that the reporter gene luxABCDE responded faster than sfgfp in most bioreporters, and that relatively medium-copy plasmid improved the performance of sensing elements. Nine bioreporters performed well in bioavailable nitrate detection, of which AD-AS-X and AR-NI-X, activated by nitrate repletion, had the shortest response time (2 h) and the widest response range (20-800 μM), respectively. Moreover, SR-GLN-SG, activated by nitrate deficiency, exhibited the best linear response (R2 = 0.998). After parameter optimization, exponential growth phase bioreporters, culture temperature of 30 °C, sample volume of 200 μL were determined as optimal monitoring conditions. We found that common water contaminants (copper, cadmium, and phosphorus) had no impact on the performance of bioreporters, indicating the stability of bioreporters. Six out of 9 bioreporters, especially the SR-NB-X, were highly effective in detecting the bioavailable nitrate in wastewater sample. This study provides valuable references for developing more cyanobacterial bioreporters and their practical application in nitrate detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Wlodkowic D, Karpiński TM. Live-Cell Systems in Real-Time Biomonitoring of Water Pollution: Practical Considerations and Future Perspectives. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217028. [PMID: 34770335 PMCID: PMC8588540 DOI: 10.3390/s21217028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring and early warning of potential water contamination with toxic chemicals is of paramount importance for human health and sustainable food production. During the last few decades there have been noteworthy advances in technologies for the automated sensing of physicochemical parameters of water. These do not translate well into online monitoring of chemical pollutants since most of them are either incapable of real-time detection or unable to detect impacts on biological organisms. As a result, biological early warning systems have been proposed to supplement conventional water quality test strategies. Such systems can continuously evaluate physiological parameters of suitable aquatic species and alert the user to the presence of toxicants. In this regard, single cellular organisms, such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, micro-algae and vertebrate cell lines, offer promising avenues for development of water biosensors. Historically, only a handful of systems utilising single-cell organisms have been deployed as established online water biomonitoring tools. Recent advances in recombinant microorganisms, cell immobilisation techniques, live-cell microarrays and microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip technologies open new avenues to develop miniaturised systems capable of detecting a broad range of water contaminants. In experimental settings, they have been shown as sensitive and rapid biosensors with capabilities to detect traces of contaminants. In this work, we critically review the recent advances and practical prospects of biological early warning systems based on live-cell biosensors. We demonstrate historical deployment successes, technological innovations, as well as current challenges for the broader deployment of live-cell biosensors in the monitoring of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9925-7157; Fax: +61-3-9925-7110
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
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Machado MC, Vimbela GV, Tripathi A. Creation of a low cost, low light bioluminescence sensor for real time biological nitrate sensing in marine environments. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 43:1-8. [PMID: 34092199 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1939792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of nitrate (NO3-) in Narragansett Bay has been shown to undergo considerable temporal and spatial variation. However, the dynamics of this flux has never been monitored on a fine-scale (<100 m, < 1 d) or in real-time. Whole-cell bio-reporters are promising candidates for low cost environmental sensing of bioavailable nutrients. Yet difficulties remain in creating sensors for long term deployment in the marine environment. This paper describes the creation and validation of a low-cost sensor using a self-bioluminescent strain of the cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus pcc 7942 for the direct measurement of bioavailable nitrate. Nitrate bioavailability was measured by monitoring light emission from a luxAB based promotor fusion to glnA using a light to frequency sensor and single board microcontroller. Sensor designs are presented in this manuscript with specific focus on storage, cell viability, and compatibility with the marine environment. Sensors were able to consistently assess nitrate standards as low as 1 ppm (16.3 μM). Using a wavelet denoising approach to reduce white noise and hardware noise, nitrate detection of standards as low as 0.037 ppm (0.65 μM) was achieved. Good sensitivity and low cost make these sensors ideal candidates for continuous monitoring of biological nitrates in estuarine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Machado
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Division of Engineering Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gina V Vimbela
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Division of Engineering Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anubhav Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Martín-Betancor K, Durand MJ, Thouand G, Leganés F, Fernández-Piñas F, Rodea-Palomares I. Microplate freeze-dried cyanobacterial bioassay for fresh-waters environmental monitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:373-381. [PMID: 28946071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms have been very useful in environmental monitoring due to their constant sensing of the surrounding environment, their easy maintenance and low cost. Some freeze-dried toxicity kits based on naturally bioluminescent bacteria are commercially available and commonly used to assess the toxicity of environmental samples such as Microtox (Aliivibrio fischeri) or ToxScreen (Photobacterium leiognathi), however, due to the marine origin of these bacteria, they could not be the most appropriate for fresh-waters monitoring. Cyanobacteria are one of the most representative microorganisms of aquatic environments, and are well suited for detecting contaminants in aqueous samples. This study presents the development and application of the first freeze-dried cyanobacterial bioassay for fresh-water contaminants detection. The effects of different cell growth phases, cryoprotectant solutions, freezing protocols, rehydration solutions and incubation conditions methods were evaluated and the best combination of these parameters for freeze-drying was selected. The study includes detailed characterization of sensitivity towards reference pollutants, as well as, comparison with the standard assays. Moreover, long-term viability and sensitivity were evaluated after 3 years of storage. Freeze-dried cyanobacteria showed, in general, higher sensitivity than the standard assays and viability of the cells remained after 3 years of storage. Finally, the validation of the bioassay using a wastewater sample was also evaluated. Freeze-drying of cyanobacteria in 96-well plates presents a simple, fast and multi-assay method for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Martín-Betancor
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Francisco Leganés
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Rodea-Palomares
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Reporter Gene Assays in Ecotoxicology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 157:135-157. [PMID: 27928578 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for simple and rapid means for evaluating the potential toxic effects of environmental samples has prompted the development of reporter gene assays, based on tester cells (bioreporters) genetically engineered to report on sample toxicity by producing a readily quantifiable signal. Bacteria are especially suitable to serve as bioreporters owing to their fast responses, low cost, convenient preservation, ease of handling, and amenability to genetic manipulations. Various bacterial bioreporters have been introduced for general toxicity and genotoxicity assessment, and the monitoring of endocrine disrupting and dioxin-like compounds has been mostly covered by similarly engineered eukaryotic cells. Some reporter gene assays have been validated, standardized, and accredited, and many others are under constant development. Efforts are aimed at broadening detection spectra, lowering detection thresholds, and combining toxicity identification capabilities with characterization of the toxic effects. Taking advantage of bacterial robustness, attempts are also being made to incorporate bacterial bioreporters into field instrumentation for online continuous monitoring or on-site spot checks. However, key hurdles concerning test validation, cell preservation, and regulatory issues related to the use of genetically modified organisms still remain to be overcome.
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Sohail M, Adeloju SB. Nitrate biosensors and biological methods for nitrate determination. Talanta 2016; 153:83-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu X, Lei Z, Liu F, Liu D, Wang Z. Fabricating three-dimensional carbohydrate hydrogel microarray for lectin-mediated bacterium capturing. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 58:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Muñoz-Martín MA, Mateo P, Leganés F, Fernández-Piñas F. A battery of bioreporters of nitrogen bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems based on cyanobacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 475:169-179. [PMID: 23910393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the main primary producers and are responsible for the blooms and eutrophication processes caused by excess nutrients in surface waters. The aim of this paper is to use cyanobacteria to monitor the presence and bioavailability of different chemical species of nitrogen in freshwater. Cyanobacteria have mechanisms which can detect the presence of nutrients in their environment and can activate or repress specific genes, or operons, depending on nutrient bioavailability. Therefore, monitoring the expression of these genes can facilitate measurement of the availability of nutrients. To achieve this we have constructed self-bioluminescent reporter strains of the filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 expressing promoters of genes responsive to nitrogen fused to the luxCDABE operon. Three promoters were selected to direct the expression of luxCDABE: The first, the glnA promoter, is activated in the absence of combined nitrogen. We found that it responded linearly to the addition of known amounts of combined N in the range 50-500 μM NH₄(+) or NO₃(-). The second, the nirA operon promoter, turns on in the presence of nitrate being inhibited by ammonium. The bioreporter responded linearly in the range of 10-100 μM NO₃. The third, the gifA promoter, is activated in the presence of ammonium, responding linearly in the range 100-600 μM NH4(+). We also used a previously described strain of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 expressing glnN (glutamine synthetase type III) fused to luxAB. We found that the glnN promoter responded linearly to the addition of known amounts of N in the range 50-500 μM NH₄(+) or NO₃(-). These cyanobacterial bioreporters were tested in real environmental samples (i.e. river waters) which confirmed their validity and showed a broad spectrum response. They are therefore useful in the detection of both total N-bioavailability and specific nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angeles Muñoz-Martín
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Mateo
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Leganés
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Davidson ME, Harbaugh SV, Chushak YG, Stone MO, Kelley-Loughnane N. Development of a 2,4-dinitrotoluene-responsive synthetic riboswitch in E. coli cells. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:234-41. [PMID: 23092157 DOI: 10.1021/cb300274g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Riboswitches are RNA sequences that regulate expression of associated downstream genes in response to the presence or absence of specific small molecules. A novel riboswitch that activates protein translation in E. coli cells in response to 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) has been engineered. A plasmid library was constructed by incorporation of 30 degenerate bases between a previously described trinitrotoluene aptamer and the ribosome binding site. Screening was performed by placing the riboswitch library upstream of the Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) protease coding sequence in one plasmid; a second plasmid encoded a FRET-based construct linked with a peptide containing the TEV protease cleavage site. Addition of DNT to bacterial culture activated the riboswitch, initiating translation of TEV protease. In turn, the protease cleaved the linker in the FRET-based fusion protein, causing a change in fluorescence. This new riboswitch exhibited a 10-fold increase in fluorescence in the presence of 0.5 mM DNT compared to the system without target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Davidson
- 711th Human
Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Svetlana V. Harbaugh
- 711th Human
Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Yaroslav G. Chushak
- 711th Human
Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Morley O. Stone
- 711th Human
Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- 711th Human
Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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10
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Dhuldhaj UP, Yadav IC, Singh S, Sharma NK. Microbial interactions in the arsenic cycle: adoptive strategies and applications in environmental management. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 224:1-38. [PMID: 23232917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5882-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a nonessential element that is often present in plants and in other organisms. However, it is one of the most hazardous of toxic elements globally. In many parts of the world, arsenic contamination in groundwater is a serious and continuing threat to human health. Microbes play an important role in regulating the environmental fate of arsenic. Different microbial processes influence the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic in ways that affect the accumulation of different arsenic species in various ecosystem compartments. For example, in soil, there are bacteria that methylate arsenite to trimethylarsine gas, thereby releasing arsenic to the atmosphere.In marine ecosystems, microbes exist that can convert inorganic arsenicals to organic arsenicals (e.g., di- and tri-methylated arsenic derivatives, arsenocholine,arsenobetaine, arsenosugars, arsenolipids). The organo arsenicals are further metabolized to complete the arsenic cycle.Microbes have developed various strategies that enable them to tolerate arsenic and to survive in arsenic-rich environments. Such strategies include As exclusion from cells by establishing permeability barrier, intra- and extracellular sequestration,active efflux pumps, enzymatic reduction, and reduction in the sensitivity of cellular targets. These strategies are used either singly or in combination. In bacteria,the genes for arsenic resistance/detoxification are encoded by the arsenic resistance operons (ars operon).In this review, we have addressed and emphasized the impact of different microbial processes (e.g., arsenite oxidation, cytoplasmic arsenate reduction, respiratory arsenate reduction, arsenite methylation) on the arsenic cycle. Microbes are the only life forms reported to exist in heavy arsenic-contaminated environments. Therefore,an understanding of the strategies adopted by microbes to cope with arsenic stress is important in managing such arsenic-contaminated sites. Further future insights into the different microbial genes/proteins that are involved in arsenic resistance may also be useful for developing arsenic resistant crop plants.
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Rooke JC, Léonard A, Meunier CF, Su BL. Designing photobioreactors based on living cells immobilized in silica gel for carbon dioxide mitigation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:1249-1257. [PMID: 21728249 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising since the industrial revolution, with the most dramatic increase occurring since the end of World War II. Carbon dioxide is widely regarded as one of the major factors contributing to the greenhouse effect, which is of major concern in today's society because it leads to global warming. Photosynthesis is Nature's tool for combating elevated carbon dioxide levels. In essence, photosynthesis allows a cell to harvest solar energy and convert it into chemical energy through the assimilation of carbon dioxide and water. Therefore photosynthesis is regarded as an ideal way to harness the abundance of solar energy that reaches Earth and convert anthropologically generated carbon dioxide into useful carbohydrates, providing a much more sustainable energy source. This Minireview aims to tackle the idea of immobilizing photosynthetic unicellular organisms within inert silica frameworks, providing protection both to the fragile cells and to the external ecosystem, and to use this resultant living hybrid material in a photobioreactor. The viability and activity of various unicellular organisms are summarized alongside design issues of a photobioreactor based on living hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Rooke
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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12
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Gao J, Liu D, Wang Z. Screening lectin-binding specificity of bacterium by lectin microarray with gold nanoparticle probes. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9240-7. [PMID: 20973590 DOI: 10.1021/ac1022309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To develop a novel high-throughput tool for monitoring specific affinity of microbes with lectins, a kind of lectin microarray has been fabricated by immobilizing lectins on epoxide-derivatized glass slides and used to capture microbes. The capturing events are marked by attachment of lectin-conjugated gold nanoparticles followed by silver deposition to enhance the resonance light scattering (RLS) of the particles. The interactions of 16 lectins with four bacteria and one fungus were profiled by this approach. We demonstrated that the gold-nanoparticle-labeled array was suitable for identifying the binding affinity of lectin with bacterium, as well as determining the bacterium with high sensitivity. More importantly, we found that the growth of microbial strains in different culture media resulted in significant changes in their binding affinities with lectins, which might be important to the pathogenesis of the organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China, 130022
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Bullerjahn GS, Boyanapalli R, Rozmarynowycz MJ, McKay RML. Cyanobacterial bioreporters as sensors of nutrient availability. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 118:165-188. [PMID: 20091289 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to their ubiquity in aquatic environments and their contribution to total biomass, especially in oligotrophic systems, cyanobacteria can be viewed as a proxy for primary productivity in both marine and fresh waters. In this chapter we describe the development and use of picocyanobacterial bioreporters to measure the bioavailability of nutrients that may constrain total photosynthesis in both lacustrine and marine systems. Issues pertaining to bioreporter construction, performance and field applications are discussed. Specifically, luminescent Synechococcus spp. and Synechocystis spp. bioreporters are described that allow the bioavailability of phosphorus, nitrogen and iron to be accurately measured in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
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Meunier CF, Rooke JC, Léonard A, Xie H, Su BL. Living hybrid materials capable of energy conversion and CO2 assimilation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3843-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c001799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Suo Z, Yang X, Avci R, Deliorman M, Rugheimer P, Pascual DW, Idzerda Y. Antibody selection for immobilizing living bacteria. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7571-8. [PMID: 19681578 PMCID: PMC2766298 DOI: 10.1021/ac9014484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a comparative study of the efficacy of immobilizing living bacteria by means of seven antibodies against bacterial surface antigens associated with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. The targeted bacterial antigens were CFA/I fimbriae, flagella, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and capsular F1 antigen. The best immobilization of S. Typhimurium was achieved with the antibody against CFA/I fimbriae. The immobilization of bacteria using antiflagellin showed significant enhancement if the flagella rotary motion was paralyzed. Of the four antibodies targeting LPS structures, only one, the antibody against the O-antigen polysaccharides, showed a relatively efficient bacterial immobilization. No bacterial immobilization was achieved using the antibody against F1 antigen, presumably because F1 protein can detach from the bacterial surface easily. The results suggest that an antibody for bacterial immunoimmobilization should target a surface antigen which extends out from the bacterial surface and is tightly attached to the bacterial cell wall. The microarrays of living S. Typhimurium cells immobilized in this manner remained viable and effective for at least 2 weeks in growth medium before a thick biofilm covered the whole surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Suo
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a diverse and successful group of bacteria defined by their ability to carry out oxygenic photosynthesis. They occupy diverse ecological niches and are important primary producers in the oceans. Cyanobacteria are amenable to genetic manipulation. Some strains are naturally transformable. Many others have been transformed in the lab by conjugation or electroporation. The ability to transform cyanobacteria has been determinant in the development of the molecular biology of these organisms and has been the basis of many of their biotechnological applications. Cyanobacteria are the source of natural products and toxins of potential use and can be engineered to synthesize substances of biotechnological interest. Their high protein and vitamin content makes them useful as a dietary supplement. Because of their ability to occupy diverse ecological niches, they can be used to deliver to the medium substances of interest or as biosensors.
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Olaniran AO, Motebejane RM, Pillay B. Bacterial biosensors for rapid and effective monitoring of biodegradation of organic pollutants in wastewater effluents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:889-93. [PMID: 18688458 DOI: 10.1039/b805055d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Significant amounts of toxic substances which are hazardous to animals, plants, microorganisms, and other living organisms including humans are released annually into aquatic and terrestrial environments, mostly from improper wastewater discharges. Early detection of such pollutants in wastewater effluents and proper monitoring before their final release into the environment is therefore necessary. In this study, two whole-cell bacterial biosensors were constructed by transforming competent cells of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei with pLUX plasmids and evaluated for their potential to monitor wastewater samples undergoing degradation by measuring bioluminescence response using a microplate luminometer. Both bacterial biosensors were found to be extremely sensitive to the wastewater samples, with different patterns, concomitant with those of the COD removals demonstrated at the different days of the degradation. Generally higher bioluminescence values were obtained at the later days of the degradation period compared to the initial values, with up to 571.76% increase in bioluminescence value obtained at day 5 for 0.1% (v/v) effluent concentration. Also, a steady decrease in bioluminescence was observed for the bacterial biosensors with increasing time of exposure to the wastewater effluent for all the sampling days. These biosensor constructs could therefore be applicable to indicate the bioavailability of pollutants in a way that chemical analysis cannot, and for in situ monitoring of biodegradation. This has great potential to offer a risk assessment strategy in predicting the level of bioremediation required during municipal wastewater treatment before their final discharge into the aquatic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola O Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry, Genetics, Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, Republic of South Africa.
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Rooke JC, Léonard A, Su BL. Targeting photobioreactors: Immobilisation of cyanobacteria within porous silica gel using biocompatible methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b717990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Live bacterial cells as analytical tools for speciation analysis: Hypothetical or practical? Trends Analyt Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sun BK, Tanji Y, Unno H. Extinction of cells of cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis in the presence of humic acid under illumination. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:823-8. [PMID: 16505991 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments targeting the effect of humic acid (HA) on the cell lysis of cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis have been performed. Light irradiation was found to be an important factor for the cell lysis phenomenon, whereas intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) might be a chemical factor for the process. An exogenous H2O2 concentration of 1.0 mg l(-1) was determined as the threshold for cell survival. Our results indicated that HA or its possible product(s) of photochemical reaction can induce damage to intracellular catalase under artificial illumination, which leads intracellular H2O2 to be accumulated to an abnormally high concentration, eventually resulting in cell death. Moreover, H2O2 released into the culture from dead cells can damage other cells, which in turn brings about the population extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-kun Sun
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-47 Nagatsuta-cho, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Kröger S, Law RJ. Biosensors for marine applications. We all need the sea, but does the sea need biosensors? Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1903-13. [PMID: 15741057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Revised: 08/12/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to explain the rationale behind marine biosensor applications, give an overview of measurement strategies currently employed, summarise some of the relevant available biosensor technology as well as instrumentation requirements for marine sensors and attempt a forward look at what the future might hold in terms of needs and developments. Application areas considered are eutrophication, organism detection, food safety, pollutants, trace metals and ecotoxicology. The drivers for many of these studies are discussed and the policy environment for current and future measurements is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kröger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, CEFAS Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
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Abstract
The development of the 'ecosystem approach' to the management of marine systems is leading to a requirement for data to be collected with greater frequency and spatial resolution than has been necessary in the past. This is being met both by the analysis of more samples (to better describe variability and temporal change) and by the deployment of instrumented platforms that gather data over long time periods. To meet these requirements in the hostile conditions at sea, a range of sensors based on physical, chemical and biological responses is being developed. These sensors have applications in laboratory analysis of collected samples, during field studies and directly in situ at remote sites for real-time observations of environmental trends. Here, we consider the role that biosensors could have in future marine monitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kröger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK.
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Abstract
Microbial bioreporters play an important role in environmental monitoring and ecotoxicology. Microorganisms that are genetically modified with reporter genes can be used in various formats to determine the bioavailability of chemicals and their effect on living organisms. Cyanobacteria are abundant in the photosynthetic biosphere and have considerable potential with regards to broadening bioreporter applications. Two recent studies described novel cyanobacterial reporters for the detection of environmental toxicants and iron availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Bachmann
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the development of a novel class of tools for environmental monitoring: genetically engineered microorganisms 'tailored' to respond in a dose-dependent manner to changes in environmental conditions. Recent advances in the field include the expansion of available reporter functions with multicolored fluorescent proteins, a broadening of the detected chemical effects such as the availability of nutrients and enhancement of the spectrum of reporter microorganisms to include cyanobacteria, yeast and fungi. Most importantly, the stage has been set for the incorporation of such cells into various whole-cell array formats on silicon chips, optic fibres and other configurations. The future of such multiplex detection and analysis systems seems bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimshon Belkin
- Division of Environmental Sciences, The Fredy and Nadin Herrmann Graduate School of Applied Science, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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