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Chen M, Cao Z, Jing B, Chen W, Wen X, Han M, Wang Y, Liao X, Wu Y, Chen T. The production of methyl mercaptan is the main odor source of chicken manure treated with a vertical aerobic fermenter. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119634. [PMID: 39029729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The process of harmless treatment of livestock manure produces a large amount of odor, which poses a potential threat to human and livestock health. A vertical fermentation tank system is commonly used for the environmentally sound treatment of chicken manure in China, but the composition and concentration of the odor produced and the factors affecting odor emissions remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the types and concentrations of odors produced in the mixing room (MR), vertical fermenter (VF), and aging room (AR) of the system, and analyzed the effects of bacterial communities and metabolic genes on odor production. The results revealed that 34, 26 and 26 odors were detected in the VF, MR and AR, respectively. The total odor concentration in the VF was 66613 ± 10097, which was significantly greater than that in the MR (1157 ± 675) and AR (1143 ± 1005) (P < 0.001), suggesting that the VF was the main source of odor in the vertical fermentation tank system. Methyl mercaptan had the greatest contribution to the odor produced by VF, reaching 47.82%, and the concentration was 0.6145 ± 0.2164 mg/m3. The abundance of metabolic genes did not correlate significantly with odor production, but PICRUSt analysis showed that cysteine and methionine metabolism involved in methyl mercaptan production was significantly more enriched in MR and VF than in AR. Bacillus was the most abundant genus in the VF, with a relative abundance significantly greater than that in the MR (P < 0.05). The RDA results revealed that Bacillus was significantly and positively correlated with methyl mercaptan. The use of large-scale aerobic fermentation systems to treat chicken manure needs to focused on the production of methyl mercaptan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majian Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Wen's Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, 527400, China
| | - Boyu Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meng Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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2
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Gaur VK, Nguyen-Vo TP, Islam T, Bassey BF, Kim M, Ainala SK, Shin K, Park S. Efficient bioproduction of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) homopolymer using engineered Escherichia coli strains. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130469. [PMID: 38382722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the development of a scalable method for producing poly(3-hydroxypropionate), a homopolymer with significant physico-mechanical properties, through the use of metabolically-engineered Escherichia coli K12 (MG1655) and externally supplied 3-hydroxypropionate. The polymer synthesis pathway was established and optimized through synthetic biology techniques, including the effects of overexpressing phasin and cell division proteins. The optimized strain achieved unprecedented production titers of 9.5 g/L in flask cultures and 80 g/L in fed-batch bioreactors within 45 h. The analysis of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) polymer properties revealed it possesses excellent elasticity (Young's modulus < 6 MPa) and tensile strength (∼80 MPa), positioning it within the category of elastomers or flexible plastics. These findings suggest a viable path for the sustainable, large-scale production of the poly(3-hydroxypropionate) biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gaur
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuan Phu Nguyen-Vo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Presently: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Tayyab Islam
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bassey Friday Bassey
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Satish Kumar Ainala
- NOROO Bio R&D Center, NOROO Holdings Co., Ltd, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusoon Shin
- NOROO Bio R&D Center, NOROO Holdings Co., Ltd, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Krishnan SV, Nampoothiri KM, Suresh A, Linh NT, Balakumaran PA, Pócsi I, Pusztahelyi T. Fusarium biocontrol: antagonism and mycotoxin elimination by lactic acid bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1260166. [PMID: 38235432 PMCID: PMC10791833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species are secondary metabolites with low molecular weight formed by filamentous fungi generally resistant to different environmental factors and, therefore, undergo slow degradation. Contamination by Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals and millets is the foremost quality challenge the food and feed industry faces across the globe. Several types of chemical preservatives are employed in the mitigation process of these mycotoxins, and they help in long-term storage; however, chemical preservatives can be used only to some extent, so the complete elimination of toxins from foods is still a herculean task. The growing demand for green-labeled food drives to evade the use of chemicals in the production processes is getting much demand. Thus, the biocontrol of food toxins is important in the developing food sector. Fusarium mycotoxins are world-spread contaminants naturally occurring in commodities, food, and feed. The major mycotoxins Fusarium species produce are deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, zearalenone, and T2/HT2 toxins. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), generally regarded as safe (GRAS), is a well-explored bacterial community in food preparations and preservation for ages. Recent research suggests that LAB are the best choice for extenuating Fusarium mycotoxins. Apart from Fusarium mycotoxins, this review focuses on the latest studies on the mechanisms of how LAB effectively detoxify and remove these mycotoxins through their various bioactive molecules and background information of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vipin Krishnan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - K. Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Anandhu Suresh
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Nguyen Thuy Linh
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, FAFSEM, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - P. A. Balakumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, FAFSEM, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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4
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Ansari F, Lee CC, Rashidimehr A, Eskandari S, Ashaolu TJ, Mirzakhani E, Pourjafar H, Jafari SM. The Role of Probiotics in Improving Food Safety: Inactivation of Pathogens and Biological Toxins. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:962-980. [PMID: 37264621 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230601141627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, many advances have been made in avoiding food contamination by numerous pathogenic and toxigenic microorganisms. Many studies have shown that different probiotics, in addition to having beneficial effects on the host's health, have a very good ability to eliminate and neutralize pathogens and their toxins in foods which leads to enhanced food safety. The present review purposes to comprehensively discuss the role of probiotics in improving food safety by inactivating pathogens (bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasite agents) and neutralizing their toxins in food products. Some recent examples in terms of the anti-microbial activities of probiotics in the body after consuming contaminated food have also been mentioned. This review shows that different probiotics have the potential to inactivate pathogens and neutralize and detoxify various biological agents in foods, as well as in the host body after consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ansari
- Department of Agricultural Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran. Iran
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Chi-Ching Lee
- Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Turkey
| | - Azadeh Rashidimehr
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Soheyl Eskandari
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center (FDLRC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH+ME), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Esmaeel Mirzakhani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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5
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Trischler R, Poehlein A, Daniel R, Müller V. Ethanologenesis from glycerol by the gut acetogen Blautia schinkii. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3577-3591. [PMID: 37807918 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is an anoxic environment that harbours a multitude of microorganisms that not only contribute to food digestion. The microbiome is also involved in malfunctions such as diseases, inflammation processes or development of obesity, but it is also involved in processes that increase the human well-being. Both, the good and the bad, are mediated by fermentation end products of bacterial metabolism, among others. However, despite a steadily growing knowledge of 'who lives out there', little in known of 'what do they do out there'. The genus Blautia is commonly found in the gut and associated with human well-being, but the exploration of their metabolic potential has just started. We demonstrate that B. schinkii grows on glycerol by producing acetate and ethanol. Transcriptome studies and biochemical analyses revealed a glycerol dehydrogenase and dihydroxyacetone kinase that funnel the substrate into glycolysis. Consequently, cells also grew on dihydroxyacetone. Cells could be adapted to grow at high (up to 1.5 M) glycerol concentrations but then only ethanol was formed. Ethanol production from glycerol is not only of relevance for the human host but also for potential bioindustrial production of bioethanol from waste glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Trischler
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Poehlein
- Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R Daniel
- Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Müller
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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6
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Jiang Z, Jiang P, Ji S, Su D, Xu G, Zhang M. Research progress on Limosilactibacilus reuteri in diseases. Microbiol Res 2023; 276:127482. [PMID: 37660453 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Limosilactibacilus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a gram-positive probiotic that does not produce peroxidase. Certain strains of L. reuteri have been approved for use in human health products in China. The probiotic mechanism of L. reuteri in organisms can be divided into two directions: first, L. reuteri directly regulates the gut microbiota and indirectly affecting the host; second, L. reuteri secretes substances that directly affect the host. Numerous studies have shown that a deficiency in this commensal bacterium is associated with various diseases in different systems (such as inflammation in the digestive system, systemic lupus erythematosus in the autoimmune system, metabolic syndrome in the endocrine system, and mastitis in the reproductive system). However, although recent studies have found that L. reuteri can also promote disease progression, but overall, it is more beneficial than harmful in general. Further, more in-depth experiments are needed to determine whether L. reuteri should be removed from probiotics in the future. In this review, we provide an overview of the research history of L. reuteri and conclude with the main mechanisms through which this intestinal symbiont can improve health or aggravate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoru Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Siqi Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Dan Su
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Watertown 02472, MA, United States
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China.
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7
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Tsuda H. Production of reuterin by Lactobacillus coryniformis and its antimicrobial activities. J DAIRY RES 2023; 90:312-317. [PMID: 37589092 DOI: 10.1017/s002202992300047x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Reuterin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance produced by lactic acid bacteria, and most previous studies have reported that reuterin is only produced under anaerobic conditions. If there are lactic acid bacteria that also produce it under aerobic conditions, it could be applied to fermented foods. In this study, it was found that Lactobacillus coryniformis WBB05 showed optimal reuterin production (123 mM reuterin from 200 mM glycerol) when incubated aerobically at 20°C. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of reuterin was determined for starter lactic acid bacteria strains and cheese moulds. MIC toward Penicillium camemberti was 0.125 mM and the white mould starter was much more sensitive than other moulds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harutoshi Tsuda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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8
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Bortolucci J, Guazzaroni ME, Schoch T, Dürre P, Reginatto V. Enhancing 1,3-Propanediol Productivity in the Non-Model Chassis Clostridium beijerinckii through Genetic Manipulation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1855. [PMID: 37513028 PMCID: PMC10383064 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotechnological processes at biorefineries are considered one of the most attractive alternatives for valorizing biomasses by converting them into bioproducts, biofuels, and bioenergy. For example, biodiesel can be obtained from oils and grease but generates glycerol as a byproduct. Glycerol recycling has been studied in several bioprocesses, with one of them being its conversion to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) by Clostridium. Clostridium beijerinckii is particularly interesting because it can produce a range of industrially relevant chemicals, including solvents and organic acids, and it is non-pathogenic. However, while Clostridium species have many potential advantages as chassis for synthetic biology applications, there are significant limitations when considering their use, such as their limited genetic tools, slow growth rate, and oxygen sensitivity. In this work, we carried out the overexpression of the genes involved in the synthesis of 1,3-PDO in C. beijerinckii Br21, which allowed us to increase the 1,3-PDO productivity in this strain. Thus, this study contributed to a better understanding of the metabolic pathways of glycerol conversion to 1,3-PDO by a C. beijerinckii isolate. Also, it made it possible to establish a transformation method of a modular vector in this strain, therefore expanding the limited genetic tools available for this bacterium, which is highly relevant in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatã Bortolucci
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-030, SP, Brazil
| | - María-Eugenia Guazzaroni
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa Schoch
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee, 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee, 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Valeria Reginatto
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-030, SP, Brazil
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9
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Zabed HM, Akter S, Rupani PF, Akor J, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhang C, Ragauskas AJ, Qi X. Biocatalytic gateway to convert glycerol into 3-hydroxypropionic acid in waste-based biorefineries: Fundamentals, limitations, and potential research strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108075. [PMID: 36502965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microbial conversion of bioenergy-derived waste glycerol into value-added chemicals has emerged as an important bioprocessing technology due to its eco-friendliness, feasible technoeconomics, and potential to provide sustainability in biodiesel and bioethanol production. Glycerol is an abundant liquid waste from bioenergy plants with a projected volume of 6 million tons by 2025, accounting for about 10% of biodiesel and 2.5% of bioethanol yields. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a major product of glycerol bioconversion, which is the third largest biobased platform compound with expected market size and value of 3.6 million tons/year and USD 10 billion/year, respectively. Despite these biorefinery values, 3-HP biosynthesis from glycerol is still at an immature stage of commercial exploitation. The main challenges behind this immaturity are the toxic effects of 3-HPA on cells, the distribution of carbon flux to undesirable pathways, low tolerance of cells to glycerol and 3-HP, co-factor dependence of enzymes, low enzyme activity and stability, and the problems of substrate inhibition and specificity of enzymes. To address these challenges, it is necessary to understand the fundamentals of glycerol bioconversion and 3-HP production in terms of metabolic pathways, related enzymes, cell factories, midstream process configurations, and downstream 3-HP recovery, as discussed in this review critically and comprehensively. It is equally important to know the current challenges and limitations in 3-HP production, which are discussed in detail along with recent research efforts and remaining gaps. Finally, possible research strategies are outlined considering the recent technological advances in microbial biosynthesis, aiming to attract further research efforts to achieve a sustainable and industrially exploitable 3-HP production technology. By discussing the use of advanced tools and strategies to overcome the existing challenges in 3-HP biosynthesis, this review will attract researchers from many other similar biosynthesis technologies and provide a common gateway for their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossain M Zabed
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suely Akter
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Parveen Fatemah Rupani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ku Luven, Jan De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Joseph Akor
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cunsheng Zhang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; UTK-ORNL Joint Institute for Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510,006, Guangdong Province, China.
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10
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Sun MC, Hu ZY, Li DD, Chen YX, Xi JH, Zhao CH. Application of the Reuterin System as Food Preservative or Health-Promoting Agent: A Critical Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244000. [PMID: 36553742 PMCID: PMC9778575 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reuterin system is a complex multi-component antimicrobial system produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri by metabolizing glycerol. The system mainly includes 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA, reuterin), 3-HPA dimer, 3-HPA hydrate, acrolein and 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and has great potential to be applied in the food and medical industries due to its functional versatility. It has been reported that the reuterin system possesses regulation of intestinal flora and anti-infection, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Typically, the reuterin system exerts strong broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of the reuterin system remains unclear, and its toxicity is still controversial. This paper presents an updated review on the biosynthesis, composition, biological production, antimicrobial mechanisms, stability, toxicity and potential applications of the reuterin system. Challenges and opportunities of the use of the reuterin system as a food preservative or health-promoting agent are also discussed. The present work will allow researchers to accelerate their studies toward solving critical challenges obstructing industrial applications of the reuterin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Cheng Sun
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zi-Yi Hu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Dian-Dian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jing-Hui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (J.-H.X.); (C.-H.Z.)
| | - Chang-Hui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (J.-H.X.); (C.-H.Z.)
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11
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Ramirez Garcia A, Hurley K, Marastoni G, Diard M, Hofer S, Greppi A, Hardt WD, Lacroix C, Sturla SJ, Schwab C. Pathogenic and Commensal Gut Bacteria Harboring Glycerol/Diol Dehydratase Metabolize Glycerol and Produce DNA-Reactive Acrolein. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1840-1850. [PMID: 36116084 PMCID: PMC9580524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria harboring glycerol/diol dehydratase (GDH) encoded by the genes pduCDE metabolize glycerol and release acrolein during growth. Acrolein has antimicrobial activity, and exposure of human cells to acrolein gives rise to toxic and mutagenic responses. These biological responses are related to acrolein's high reactivity as a chemical electrophile that can covalently bind to cellular nucleophiles including DNA and proteins. Various food microbes and gut commensals transform glycerol to acrolein, but there is no direct evidence available for bacterial glycerol metabolism giving rise to DNA adducts. Moreover, it is unknown whether pathogens, such as Salmonella Typhymurium, catalyze this transformation. We assessed, therefore, acrolein formation by four GDH-competent strains of S. Typhymurium grown under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions in the presence of 50 mM glycerol. On the basis of analytical derivatization with a heterocyclic amine, all wild-type strains were observed to produce acrolein, but to different extents, and acrolein production was not detected in fermentations of a pduC-deficient mutant strain. Furthermore, we found that, in the presence of calf thymus DNA, acrolein-DNA adducts were formed as a result of bacterial glycerol metabolism by two strains of Limosilactobacillus reuteri, but not a pduCDE mutant strain. The quantification of the resulting adducts with increasing levels of glycerol up to 600 mM led to the production of up to 1.5 mM acrolein and 3600 acrolein-DNA adducts per 108 nucleosides in a model system. These results suggest that GDH-competent food microbes, gut commensals, and pathogens alike have the capacity to produce acrolein from glycerol. Further, the acrolein production can lead to DNA adduct formation, but requires high glycerol concentrations that are not available in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ramirez Garcia
- Laboratory
of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Hurley
- Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Marastoni
- Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Médéric Diard
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Institute
of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Hofer
- Laboratory
of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Anna Greppi
- Laboratory
of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute
of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory
of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Shana J. Sturla
- Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Laboratory
of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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12
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Antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria and their application in food biopreservation. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 120:33-77. [PMID: 36243452 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are ubiquitous bacteria associated with spontaneous lactic fermentation of vegetables, dairy and meat products. They are generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and they are involved in transformation of probiotic lacto-fermented foods, highly desired for their nutraceutical properties. The antifungal activity is one of the exciting properties of LAB, because of its possible application in food bio-preservation, as alternative to chemical preservatives. Many recent research works have been developed on antifungal activity of LAB, and they demonstrate their capacity to produce various antifungal compounds, (i.e. organic acids, PLA, proteinaceous compounds, peptides, cyclic dipeptides, fatty acids, and other compounds), of different properties (hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic). The effectiveness of LAB in controlling spoilage and pathogenic fungi, demonstrated in different agricultural and food products, can be due to the synergistic effect between their antifungal compounds of different properties; where the amphiphilic-compounds allow the contact between the target microbial cell (hydrophilic compartment) and antifungal hydrophobic-compounds. Further studies on the interaction between compounds of these three properties are to de be developed, in order to highlight more their mechanism of action, and make LAB more profitable in improving shelf life and nutraceutical properties of foods.
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13
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Xu Y, Ding X, Wang Y, Li D, Xie L, Liang S, Zhang Y, Li W, Fu A, Zhan X. Bacterial Metabolite Reuterin Attenuated LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Response in HD11 Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091662. [PMID: 36139735 PMCID: PMC9495524 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reuterin is well-known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability, while the other potential bioactivity is not yet clear. The present study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of reuterin on chicken macrophage HD11 cells for the first time and evaluate whether reuterin is able to regulate the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory response. The results showed that the safe medication range of reuterin was less than 250 μM. Reuterin treatment for 6 h decreased the transcriptional of CD86, IL-1β and iNOS and increased the expression of CD206 in a dose-dependent way, but reuterin treatment for 12 h contrary increased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. However, it was noticed that reuterin treatment for 12 h significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed the phagocytosis activity of HD11 macrophages against bacteria. Further, the results showed that preincubation or coincubation with reuterin significantly attenuated the promotive effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on transcription of proinflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and obviously inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Meanwhile, Mechanism studies implied that reuterin might exert an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated cells by downregulating the expression of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 and blocking the activation of NF-κB as well as MAPKs signaling pathways. Additionally, it was found that both pretreatment and cotreatment with reuterin remarkably inhibited the oxidative stress induced by LPS stimulation by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes. These findings suggested the immunoregulatory function of reuterin and indicated this bacterial metabolite was able to inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress of HD11 macrophages once exposed to LPS stimulation.
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14
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Jiang K, Huang C, Liu F, Zheng J, Ou J, Zhao D, Ou S. Origin and Fate of Acrolein in Foods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131976. [PMID: 35804791 PMCID: PMC9266280 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrolein is a highly toxic agent that may promote the occurrence and development of various diseases. Acrolein is pervasive in all kinds of foods, and dietary intake is one of the main routes of human exposure to acrolein. Considering that acrolein is substantially eliminated after its formation during food processing and re-exposed in the human body after ingestion and metabolism, the origin and fate of acrolein must be traced in food. Focusing on molecular mechanisms, this review introduces the formation of acrolein in food and summarises both in vitro and in vivo fates of acrolein based on its interactions with small molecules and biomacromolecules. Future investigation of acrolein from different perspectives is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (K.J.); (C.H.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Caihuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (K.J.); (C.H.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (K.J.); (C.H.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (K.J.); (C.H.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Juanying Ou
- Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Danyue Zhao
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (K.J.); (C.H.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Innovation Platform for the Safety of Bakery Products, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Rodrigues FJ, Cedran MF, Pereira GA, Bicas JL, Sato HH. Effective encapsulation of reuterin-producing Limosilactobacillus reuteri in alginate beads prepared with different mucilages/gums. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 34:e00737. [PMID: 35686007 PMCID: PMC9171447 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mainly aim of this study was to use mucilaginous solutions obtained from tamarind, mutamba, cassia tora, psyllium and konjac powdered to encapsulate reuterin-producing Limosilactobacillus reuteri in alginate beads by extrusion technique. In the particles were determined the bacterial encapsulation efficiency, cell viability during storage and survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Moreover, the reuterin production, its entrapment into the beads and the influence on viability of encapsulated microorganism were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy were employed to characterize the produced particles. The beads showed a relatively spherical shape with homogenous distribution of L. reuteri. The use of gums and mucilages combined with alginate improved the encapsulation efficiency (from 93.2 to 97.4%), the viability of encapsulated bacteria during refrigerated storage (especially in prolonged storage of 20, 30 and 60 days) and the survival after exposure to gastric and enteric environments (from 67.7 to 76.6%). The L. reuteri was able to produce reuterin via bioconversion of glycerol in the film-forming solutions, and the entrapment of the metabolite was improved using konjac, mutamba and tamarind mucilaginous solutions in the encapsulation process (45, 44.57 and 41.25%, respectively). Thus, our findings confirm the great potential of these hydrocolloids to different further purposes, enabling its application as support material for delivery of chemical or biological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Rodrigues
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M F Cedran
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - G A Pereira
- School of Food Engineering (FEA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - J L Bicas
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - H H Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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16
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Influence of Operating Conditions on Reuterin Production Using Resting Cells of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DPC16. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains can secrete a potentially valuable chemical and broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance named reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, 3-HPA). L. reuteri DPC16 is a novel and patented probiotic strain that is used commercially because of its proven ability to kill various foodborne pathogens. A two-step process has been developed for reuterin production from glycerol using L. reuteri DPC16. Cells were grown, followed by harvesting, and then were incubated with glycerol for reuterin production. Parameters investigated during the glycerol conversion included the initial glycerol concentration, the biomass concentration, pH, culture age at harvesting, conversion time, and temperature. The highest reuterin yield was obtained using 21 g/L 24 h old cells, to convert glycerol solution (300 mmol/L) in 1 h at 30 °C and pH 6.2. The most efficient transformation of glycerol to reuterin was achieved in approximately 20 h of growth of cells at 25 °C and pH 6.8. Using the regression equation of this study, the maximum concentration of reuterin can be obtained using 25 g/L 20 h old DPC6 cells to ferment 350 mmol/L glycerol (initial concentration) for 2 h at 25 °C and pH 6.8 The ranking of effects on reuterin production for the six single factors was glycerol concentration > pH > conversion time > biomass concentration > temperature > culture age.
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17
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Antimicrobial Impacts of Microbial Metabolites on the Preservation of Fish and Fishery Products: A Review with Current Knowledge. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040773. [PMID: 35456823 PMCID: PMC9028172 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have proven effects to inhibit food spoilage microbiota, without any development of antimicrobial resistance. This review provides a recent literature update on the preservative action of metabolites derived from microorganisms on seafood. Fish and fishery products are regarded as a myriad of nutrition, while being highly prone to spoilage. Several proven controversies (antimicrobial resistance and health issues) related to the use of synthetic preservatives have caused an imminent problem. The demand for minimally processed and naturally preserved clean-label fish and fishery products is on rise. Metabolites derived from microorganisms have exhibited diverse preservation capacities on fish and fishery products’ spoilage. Inclusions with other preservation techniques, such as hurdle technology, for the shelf-life extension of fish and fishery products are also summarized.
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18
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Ju SB, Seo MJ, Yeom SJ. In Vitro One-Pot 3-Hydroxypropanal Production from Cheap C1 and C2 Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073990. [PMID: 35409349 PMCID: PMC8999356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
One- or two-carbon (C1 or C2) compounds have been considered attractive substrates because they are inexpensive and abundant. Methanol and ethanol are representative C1 and C2 compounds, which can be used as bio-renewable platform feedstocks for the biotechnological production of value-added natural chemicals. Methanol-derived formaldehyde and ethanol-derived acetaldehyde can be converted to 3-hydroxypropanal (3-HPA) via aldol condensation. 3-HPA is used in food preservation and as a precursor for 3-hydroxypropionic acid and 1,3-propanediol that are starting materials for manufacturing biocompatible plastic and polytrimethylene terephthalate. In this study, 3-HPA was biosynthesized from formaldehyde and acetaldehyde using deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase from Thermotoga maritima (DERATma) and cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli for 3-HPA production. Under optimum conditions, DERATma produced 7 mM 3-HPA from 25 mM substrate (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) for 60 min with 520 mg/L/h productivity. To demonstrate the one-pot 3-HPA production from methanol and ethanol, we used methanol dehydrogenase from Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (MDHLx) and DERATma. One-pot 3-HPA production via aldol condensation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde from methanol and ethanol, respectively, was investigated under optimized reaction conditions. This is the first report on 3-HPA production from inexpensive alcohol substrates (methanol and ethanol) by cascade reaction using DERATma and MDHLx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bin Ju
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yong-bong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Min-Ju Seo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yong-bong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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19
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The role of endogenous versus exogenous sources in the exposome of putative genotoxins and consequences for risk assessment. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1297-1352. [PMID: 35249149 PMCID: PMC9013691 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe “totality” of the human exposure is conceived to encompass life-associated endogenous and exogenous aggregate exposures. Process-related contaminants (PRCs) are not only formed in foods by heat processing, but also occur endogenously in the organism as physiological components of energy metabolism, potentially also generated by the human microbiome. To arrive at a comprehensive risk assessment, it is necessary to understand the contribution of in vivo background occurrence as compared to the ingestion from exogenous sources. Hence, this review provides an overview of the knowledge on the contribution of endogenous exposure to the overall exposure to putative genotoxic food contaminants, namely ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrylamide, acrolein, α,β-unsaturated alkenals, glycation compounds, N-nitroso compounds, ethylene oxide, furans, 2- and 3-MCPD, and glycidyl esters. The evidence discussed herein allows to conclude that endogenous formation of some contaminants appears to contribute substantially to the exposome. This is of critical importance for risk assessment in the cases where endogenous exposure is suspected to outweigh the exogenous one (e.g. formaldehyde and acrolein).
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20
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YEHIA HM, ALKHURIJI AF, SAVVAIDIS I, Al-MASOUD AH. Bactericidal effect of nisin and reuterin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 25937. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Zampieri BDB, Nogueira EW, de Oliveira AJFC, Sánchez-Andrea I, Brucha G. Effects of metals on activity and community of sulfate-reducing bacterial enrichments and the discovery of a new heavy metal-resistant SRB from Santos Port sediment (São Paulo, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:922-935. [PMID: 34341933 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) can be used to remove metals from wastewater, sewage, and contaminated areas. However, metals can be toxic to this group of bacteria. Sediments from port areas present abundance of SRB and also metal contamination. Their microbial community has been exposed to metals and can be a good inoculum for isolation of metal-resistant SRB. The objective of the study was to analyze how metals influence activity and composition of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Enrichment cultures were prepared with a different metal (Zn, Cr, Cu, and Cd) range concentration tracking activity of SRB and 16S rRNA sequencing in order to access the community. The SRB activity decreased when there was an increase in the concentration of the metals tested. The highest concentration of metals precipitated were 0.2 mM of Cd, 5.4 mM of Zn, 4.5 mM of Cu, and 9.6 mM of Cr. The more toxic metals were Cd and Cu and had a greater community similarity with less SRB and more fermenters (e.g., Citrobacter and Clostridium). Meanwhile, the enrichments with less toxic metals (Cr and Zn) had more sequences affiliated to SRB genera (mainly Desulfovibrio). A new Desulfovibrio species was isolated. This type of study can be useful to understand the effects of metals in SRB communities and help to optimize wastewater treatment processes contaminated by metals. The new Desulfovibrio species may be important in future studies on bioremediation of neutral pH effluents contaminated by metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Del Busso Zampieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biosciences, Institute, São Paulo State University - Rio Claro Campus (UNESP IB/RC)), Av. 24 A, 1515, Jardim Vila Bela, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Elis Watanabe Nogueira
- Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia Fernandes Cardoso de Oliveira
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University - São Paulo State´s Coast Campus (UNESP IB/CLP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n - Parque Bitaru, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Irene Sánchez-Andrea
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gunther Brucha
- School of Technological Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Minas Gerais, Rodovia Aurélio Vilela, n 11.999 Cidade Universitária, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, 37715400, Brazil
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22
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Reuterin-producing Limosilactobacillus reuteri: Optimization of in situ reuterin production in alginate-based filmogenic solutions. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:926-931. [PMID: 34927088 PMCID: PMC8646958 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus reuteri produces reuterin via glycerol anaerobic fermentation. This compound has antimicrobial properties and is used for food preservation purposes. Filmogenic solutions constituted of polysaccharides and glycerol are also employed, however, reuterin synthesis in filmogenic solutions has not yet been reported. Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize the in situ reuterin production by L. reuteri in alginate- and glycerol based-filmogenic solution, evaluating the survival of reuterin-producing bacteria during fermentation. The study consisted of a completely randomized design employing two L. reuteri strains (DSM 20016 and DSM 17938). The filmogenic solutions were obtained using sodium alginate (20 g/L) and two independent variables were studied: glycerol (0–300 mmol/L) and initial biomass of L. reuteri (≅6, 7, and 8 log CFU/mL). The samples were analyzed every 24 h for 72 h of anaerobic fermentation (37 °C). Both L.reuteri strains confirmed the potential for reuterin production and were susceptible to the metabolite produced. The highest reuterin production was achieved using L. reuteri DSM 20016. The initial microbial biomass of 8 log CFU/mL and 100 mmol/L of glycerol increased the reuterin production. However, higher conversion yields from glycerol to reuterin were obtained using 50 mmol/L of substrate. L. reuteri strains DSM 20016 and DSM 17938 produce reuterin. In situ reuterin production was detected in filmogenic solution. Reuterin production varied with initial microbial biomass and glycerol concentration.
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23
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Stability, bioavailability and antifungal activity of reuterin during manufacturing and storage of stirred yoghurt. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA, reuterin) is a broad-spectrum natural antimicrobial agent used in the food industry and other fields. The low yield from the industrial production of 3-HPA using Lactobacillus reuteri and the spontaneous conversion of 3-HPA to acrolein have limited its more widespread use. We isolated L. reuteri BR201 as a biocatalyst for 3-HPA production and confirmed the effect of each factor in the two-step procedure for 3-HPA bioconversion. After initial cultivation for 8 h (late exponential phase), this isolate produced 378 mM of 3-HPA in 1 h at a concentration of OD600 nm 100, 30 °C, and an initial glycerol concentration of 500 mM. This is the highest reported biocatalytic yield of 3-HPA from a glycerol aqueous solution without additives. We confirmed that 4 mM of 3-HPA had antimicrobial activity against five pathogens. The degradation of 3-HPA to acrolein was greater at high temperatures, and there was little degradation when 3-HPA was maintained at 4 °C for 4 weeks. Our results may be useful for future applications of 3-HPA.
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25
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Hemkemeyer M, Schwalb SA, Heinze S, Joergensen RG, Wichern F. Functions of elements in soil microorganisms. Microbiol Res 2021; 252:126832. [PMID: 34508963 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The soil microbial community fulfils various functions, such as nutrient cycling and carbon (C) sequestration, therefore contributing to maintenance of soil fertility and mitigation of global warming. In this context, a major focus of research has been on C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling. However, from aquatic and other environments, it is well known that other elements beyond C, N, and P are essential for microbial functioning. Nonetheless, for soil microorganisms this knowledge has not yet been synthesised. To gain a better mechanistic understanding of microbial processes in soil systems, we aimed at summarising the current knowledge on the function of a range of essential or beneficial elements, which may affect the efficiency of microbial processes in soil. This knowledge is discussed in the context of microbial driven nutrient and C cycling. Our findings may support future investigations and data evaluation, where other elements than C, N, and P affect microbial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hemkemeyer
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Institute of Biogenic Resources in Sustainable Food Systems - From Farm to Function, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Str. 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany.
| | - Sanja A Schwalb
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Institute of Biogenic Resources in Sustainable Food Systems - From Farm to Function, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Str. 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heinze
- Department of Soil Science & Soil Ecology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rainer Georg Joergensen
- Department of Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Florian Wichern
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Institute of Biogenic Resources in Sustainable Food Systems - From Farm to Function, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Str. 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany
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Castellani C, Obermüller B, Kienesberger B, Singer G, Peterbauer C, Grabherr R, Mayrhofer S, Klymiuk I, Horvath A, Stadlbauer V, Russmayer H, Miekisch W, Fuchs P, Till H, Heinl S. Production, Storage Stability, and Susceptibility Testing of Reuterin and Its Impact on the Murine Fecal Microbiome and Volatile Organic Compound Profile. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:699858. [PMID: 34394042 PMCID: PMC8361477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.699858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Probiotics are generally considered as safe, but infections may rarely occur in vulnerable patients. Alternatives to live microorganisms to manage dysbiosis may be of interest in these patients. Reuterin is a complex component system exhibiting broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and a possible candidate substance in these cases. Methods: Reuterin supernatant was cultured from Lentilactobacillus diolivorans in a bioreactor in a two-step process. Storage stability at −20°C and effect of repeated freeze-thaw cycles were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antimicrobial activity was tested against Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus (S.) agalactiae, Propionibacterium acnes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosae. Male BALBc mice were gavage fed with reuterin supernatant (n = 10) or culture medium (n = 10). Fecal volatile organic compounds (VOC) were assessed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy; the microbiome was examined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: The supernatant contained 13.4 g/L reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde; 3-HPA). 3-HPA content remained stable at −20°C for 35 days followed by a slow decrease of its concentration. Repeated freezing/thawing caused a slow 3-HPA decrease. Antimicrobial activity was encountered against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. agalactiae. Microbiome analysis showed no differences in alpha and beta diversity markers. Linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis identified Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_COE1 and Ruminoclostridium_5_uncultured_Clostridiales_ bacterium (in the reuterin medium group) and Desulfovibrio_uncultured_ bacterium, Candidatus Arthromitus, Ruminococcae_NK4A214_group, and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group (in the reuterin group) as markers for group differentiation. VOC analysis showed a significant decrease of heptane and increase of 3-methylbutanal in the reuterin group. Conclusion: The supernatant produced in this study contained acceptable amounts of 3-HPA remaining stable for 35 days at −20°C and exhibiting an antimicrobial effect against S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and S. epidermidis. Under in vivo conditions, the reuterin supernatant caused alterations of the fecal microbiome. In the fecal, VOC analysis decreased heptane and increased 3-methylbutanal were encountered. These findings suggest the high potential of the reuterin system to influence the intestinal microbiome in health and disease, which needs to be examined in detail in future projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Castellani
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Obermüller
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kienesberger
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Singer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Peterbauer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Mayrhofer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Klymiuk
- Core Facility of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Horvath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Hannes Russmayer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental Research Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Patricia Fuchs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental Research Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Holger Till
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Heinl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Pirman T, Ocepek M, Likozar B. Radical Polymerization of Acrylates, Methacrylates, and Styrene: Biobased Approaches, Mechanism, Kinetics, Secondary Reactions, and Modeling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Pirman
- Helios TBLUS d.o.o., Količevo 65, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - M. Ocepek
- Helios TBLUS d.o.o., Količevo 65, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - B. Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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28
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Diez-Echave P, Martín-Cabrejas I, Garrido-Mesa J, Langa S, Vezza T, Landete JM, Hidalgo-García L, Algieri F, Mayer MJ, Narbad A, García-Lafuente A, Medina M, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Gálvez J, Arqués JL. Probiotic and Functional Properties of Limosilactobacillus reuteri INIA P572. Nutrients 2021; 13:1860. [PMID: 34072532 PMCID: PMC8228662 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus reuteri INIA P572 is a strain able to produce the antimicrobial compound reuterin in dairy products, exhibiting a protective effect against some food-borne pathogens. In this study, we investigated some probiotic properties of this strain such as resistance to gastrointestinal passage or to colonic conditions, reuterin production in a colonic environment, and immunomodulatory activity, using different in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed a high resistance of this strain to gastrointestinal conditions, as well as capacity to grow and produce reuterin in a human colonic model. Although the in vitro assays using the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line did not demonstrate direct immunomodulatory properties, the in vivo assays using a Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitic mice model showed clear immunomodulatory and protective effects of this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Diez-Echave
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red–Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain; (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (F.A.); (A.R.-N.); (M.E.R.-C.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Izaskun Martín-Cabrejas
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-C.); (S.L.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.); (J.L.A.)
| | - José Garrido-Mesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red–Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain; (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (F.A.); (A.R.-N.); (M.E.R.-C.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Susana Langa
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-C.); (S.L.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Teresa Vezza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red–Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain; (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (F.A.); (A.R.-N.); (M.E.R.-C.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José M. Landete
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-C.); (S.L.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Laura Hidalgo-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red–Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain; (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (F.A.); (A.R.-N.); (M.E.R.-C.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Algieri
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red–Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain; (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (F.A.); (A.R.-N.); (M.E.R.-C.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Melinda J. Mayer
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4-7UZ, UK; (A.N.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4-7UZ, UK; (A.N.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Ana García-Lafuente
- Centro para la Calidad de los Alimentos, INIA-CISC, c/José Tudela s/n, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Margarita Medina
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-C.); (S.L.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red–Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain; (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (F.A.); (A.R.-N.); (M.E.R.-C.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red–Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain; (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (F.A.); (A.R.-N.); (M.E.R.-C.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red–Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain; (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (F.A.); (A.R.-N.); (M.E.R.-C.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan L. Arqués
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-C.); (S.L.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.); (J.L.A.)
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Bilić L, Barić D, Sandala GM, Smith DM, Kovačević B. Glycerol as a Substrate and Inactivator of Coenzyme B 12 -Dependent Diol Dehydratase. Chemistry 2021; 27:7930-7941. [PMID: 33792120 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diol dehydratase, dependent on coenzyme B12 (B12 -dDDH), displays a peculiar feature of being inactivated by its native substrate glycerol (GOL). Surprisingly, the isofunctional enzyme, B12 -independent glycerol dehydratase (B12 -iGDH), does not undergo suicide inactivation by GOL. Herein we present a series of QM/MM and MD calculations aimed at understanding the mechanisms of substrate-induced suicide inactivation in B12 -dDDH and that of resistance of B12 -iGDH to inactivation. We show that the first step in the enzymatic transformation of GOL, hydrogen abstraction, can occur from both ends of the substrate (either C1 or C3 of GOL). Whereas C1 abstraction in both enzymes leads to product formation, C3 abstraction in B12 -dDDH results in the formation of a low energy radical intermediate, which is effectively trapped within a deep well on the potential energy surface. The long lifetime of this radical intermediate likely enables its side reactions, leading to inactivation. In B12 -iGDH, by comparison, C3 abstraction is an endothermic step; consequently, the resultant radical intermediate is not of low energy, and the reverse process of reforming the reactant is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Bilić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia.,PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danijela Barić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gregory M Sandala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, New Brunswick, E4L 1G8, Sackville, Canada
| | - David Mathew Smith
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
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30
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Soltani S, Couture F, Boutin Y, Ben Said L, Cashman-Kadri S, Subirade M, Biron E, Fliss I. In vitro investigation of gastrointestinal stability and toxicity of 3-hyrdoxypropionaldehyde (reuterin) produced by Lactobacillus reuteri. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:740-746. [PMID: 33868958 PMCID: PMC8042431 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reuterin (3-hyrdoxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA)) is a highly potent metabolite of Lactobacillus reuteri. Reuterin is highly stable in gastrointestinal condition. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells’ viability and membrane integrity remained unaltered by reuterin. No significant hemolytic activity was detected. Reuterin is a promising therapeutic and/or food preservative.
Reuterin (3-hyrdoxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA)) is a highly potent metabolite of L. reuteri, which has applications in food, health, and veterinary sectors. Similar to other natural antimicrobial compounds, the approval of reuterin as a bio-preservative or therapeutic agent by regulatory agencies relies on sufficient data on its cytotoxicity and behavior in the gastrointestinal environment. Although the antimicrobial activity of reuterin has been broadly studied, its safety and toxicity are yet to be explored in detail. In this study, the stability and activity of reuterin were investigated in the gastrointestinal tract using in vitro models simulating gastrointestinal conditions. In addition, hemolytic activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of reuterin were evaluated by neutral red assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) colorimetric assay using the same cell line. Activity of reuterin was observed to be stable during gastrointestinal transit. Viability and membrane integrity of cells remained unaltered by reuterin up to 1080 mM concentration. Furthermore, no hemolysis was observed in blood cells exposed to 270 mM reuterin. This study provides unique and highly relevant in vitro data regarding gastrointestinal behavior and toxicity of reuterin. In conclusion, the current study indicates that within a certain concentration range, reuterin can be safely used in bio-preservation and therapeutics applications. However, further in vivo studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Soltani
- Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Couture
- Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.,TransBIOTech, 201 Rue Mgr Bourget, Lévis, Quebec, G6V 6Z9, Canada
| | - Yvan Boutin
- Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.,TransBIOTech, 201 Rue Mgr Bourget, Lévis, Quebec, G6V 6Z9, Canada
| | - Laila Ben Said
- Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Cashman-Kadri
- Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muriel Subirade
- Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Biron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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31
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Jiang XR, Yan X, Yu LP, Liu XY, Chen GQ. Hyperproduction of 3-hydroxypropionate by Halomonas bluephagenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1513. [PMID: 33686068 PMCID: PMC7940609 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3HP), an important three carbon (C3) chemical, is designated as one of the top platform chemicals with an urgent need for improved industrial production. Halomonas bluephagenesis shows the potential as a chassis for competitive bioproduction of various chemicals due to its ability to grow under an open, unsterile and continuous process. Here, we report the strategy for producing 3HP and its copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HB3HP) by the development of H. bluephagenesis. The transcriptome analysis reveals its 3HP degradation and synthesis pathways involving endogenous synthetic enzymes from 1,3-propanediol. Combing the optimized expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDHb), an engineered H. bluephagenesis strain of whose 3HP degradation pathway is deleted and that overexpresses alcohol dehydrogenases (AdhP) on its genome under a balanced redox state, is constructed with an enhanced 1.3-propanediol-dependent 3HP biosynthetic pathway to produce 154 g L-1 of 3HP with a yield and productivity of 0.93 g g-1 1,3-propanediol and 2.4 g L-1 h-1, respectively. Moreover, the strain could also accumulate 60% poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-32-45% 3-hydroxypropionate) in the dry cell mass, demonstrating to be a suitable chassis for hyperproduction of 3HP and P3HB3HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ran Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Ping Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- MOE Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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32
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Jin ES, Lee MH, Malloy CR. The presence of 3-hydroxypropionate and 1,3-propanediol suggests an alternative path for conversion of glycerol to Acetyl-CoA. Metabol Open 2021; 9:100086. [PMID: 33733082 PMCID: PMC7940983 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our recent study using [U-13C3]glycerol, a small subset of hamsters showed an unusual profile of glycerol metabolism: negligible gluconeogenesis from glycerol plus conversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3PDO) and 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) which were detected in the liver and blood. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the association of these unusual glycerol products with other biochemical processes in the liver. METHODS Fasted hamsters received acetaminophen (400 mg/kg; n = 16) or saline (n = 10) intraperitoneally. After waiting 2 h, all the animals received [U-13C3]glycerol intraperitoneally. Liver and blood were harvested 1 h after the glycerol injection for NMR analysis and gene expression assays. RESULTS 1,3PDO and 3HP derived from [U-13C3]glycerol were detected in the liver and plasma of eight hamsters (two controls and six hamsters with acetaminophen treatment). Glycerol metabolism in the liver of these animals differed substantially from conventional metabolic pathways. [U-13C3]glycerol was metabolized to acetyl-CoA as evidenced with downstream products detected in glutamate and β-hydroxybutyrate, yet 13C labeling in pyruvate and glucose was minimal (p < 0.001, 13C labeling difference in each metabolite). Expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases was enhanced in hamster livers with 1,3PDO and 3HP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Detection of 1,3PDO and 3HP in the hamster liver was associated with unorthodox metabolism of glycerol characterized by conversion of 3HP to acetyl-CoA followed by ketogenesis and oxidative metabolism through the TCA cycle. Additional mechanistic studies are needed to determine the causes of unusual glycerol metabolism in a subset of these hamsters.
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Key Words
- 1,3-Propanediol
- 1,3PDO, 1,3-propanediol
- 3-Hydroxypropionate
- 3HP, 3-hydroxypropionate
- 3HPA, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde
- ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase
- DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- G3P, glycerol 3-phosphate
- GA3P, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GK, glycerol kinase
- Glu, glutamate
- Gluconeogenesis
- GlyDH, glycerol dehydrogenase
- Ketogenesis
- OAA, oxaloacetate
- Oxidative metabolism
- PCC, propionyl-CoA carboxylase
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- α-kG, α-ketoglutarate
- β-HB, β-hydroxybutyrate
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook S. Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Min H. Lee
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, 75216, USA
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Kumar N, Kumar V, Waheed SM, Pradhan D. Efficacy of Reuterin and Bacteriocins Nisin and Pediocin in the Preservation of Raw Milk from Dairy Farms. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 58:359-369. [PMID: 33505199 PMCID: PMC7821776 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.04.20.6728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background In the current scenario of milk production in developing and developed countries, several factors influence the shelf-life of raw milk and add significant numbers of microbial contaminants that drastically lower the initial microbial quality leading to milk spoilage by the time it reaches the processing units. Experimental approach The present study was undertaken to investigate the biopreservative efficacy of reuterin system along with different combinations of bacteriocins in controlling the initial microflora of raw milk at farm level. Lactobacillus reuteri strain LR47, having effective antimicrobial activity, was shortlisted from our previous study and further characterized for reuterin production and tested in raw milk system. Results and conclusions Preliminary testing of the cell-free supernatant from L. reuteri LR47 demonstrated significant growth inhibition of the majority of the tested bacterial indicators of milk spoilage. Further genetic analysis of the L. reuteri LR47 revealed the presence of two genes (pduC and dhaB) involved in the utilization of glycerol to produce reuterin via two different pathways. The strain LR47 was also found to possess comparatively higher capacity to convert glycerol into reuterin when checked through colorimetric assay. In the raw milk biopreservation experiment with reuterin alone or in combination with bacteriocins, the highest level of growth suppression in the total bacterial load and coliform counts was observed in the sample that was treated with a combination of reuterin, nisin and pediocin. The treatment combining these three natural biopreservatives at specific concentrations was able to maintain the initial microbial quality and extend the shelf-life of raw milk by 6 h at 37 °C based on the microbial counts and physicochemical properties, viz. pH and titratable acidity. In conclusion, the results confirm that the use of reuterin in combination with bacteriocins is a promising approach for temporary control of the raw milk microflora and extension of its shelf-life until further processing. Novelty and scientific contribution This study demonstrates for the first time the use of reuterin for the extension of shelf-life of raw milk as an alternative treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), 566/6 Bell Road, Society Area, Clement Town, 248002 Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), 566/6 Bell Road, Society Area, Clement Town, 248002 Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Syed Mohsin Waheed
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), 566/6 Bell Road, Society Area, Clement Town, 248002 Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Diwas Pradhan
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, GT Rd, 132001 Karnal, Haryana, India
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Quantitative Determination of Acrolein in Cider by 1H NMR Spectrometry. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121820. [PMID: 33302379 PMCID: PMC7762539 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrolein occasionally appears in cider, completely spoiling its quality due to its bitter taste. It is crucial to detect it in the early steps, before the taste is severely affected, to apply the appropriate treatment. A simple and rapid analytical method to determine this compound in cider is therefore desirable. In this work, a quantitative determination method of acrolein in cider is proposed using the proton nuclear magnetic resonance technique (1H NMR). Acrolein produces a doublet signal in the spectrum at 9.49 ppm, whose area is used to determine the concentration of this compound. 3-(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,3,3-d4-propionic acid sodium salt is added to the cider as a reference for 0.00 ppm and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid as an internal standard for acrolein determination. The method is validated by gas chromatography (GC). There is a good correlation between the acrolein concentrations obtained by 1H NMR and by gas chromatography in different commercial ciders (Pearson coefficient 0.9994). The 95% confidence interval for the intercept is 0.15 ± 0.49 (includes 0) and for the slope is 0.98 ± 0.03 (includes 1). When applying the paired t test, no significant difference is observed. The proposed method is direct, and no prior derivatization is needed.
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Begunova AV, Rozhkova IV, Shirshova TI, Glazunova OA, Fedorova TV. Optimization of Cultivation Conditions for the Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 Strain to Improve the Biosynthesis of Bacteriocin-Like Substances. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820090033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Nasir A, Ashok S, Shim JY, Park S, Yoo TH. Recent Progress in the Understanding and Engineering of Coenzyme B 12-Dependent Glycerol Dehydratase. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:500867. [PMID: 33224925 PMCID: PMC7674605 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.500867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase (GDHt) catalyzes the dehydration reaction of glycerol in the presence of adenosylcobalamin to yield 3-hydroxypropanal (3-HPA), which can be converted biologically to versatile platform chemicals such as 1,3-propanediol and 3-hydroxypropionic acid. Owing to the increased demand for biofuels, developing biological processes based on glycerol, which is a byproduct of biodiesel production, has attracted considerable attention recently. In this review, we will provide updates on the current understanding of the catalytic mechanism and structure of coenzyme B12-dependent GDHt, and then summarize the results of engineering attempts, with perspectives on future directions in its engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Nasir
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Jeung Yeop Shim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon Yoo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Pessione E. The Russian Doll Model: How Bacteria Shape Successful and Sustainable Inter-Kingdom Relationships. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:573759. [PMID: 33193180 PMCID: PMC7606975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful inter-kingdom relationships are based upon a dynamic balance between defense and cooperation. A certain degree of competition is necessary to guarantee life spread and development. On the other hand, cooperation is a powerful tool to ensure a long lasting adaptation to changing environmental conditions and to support evolution to a higher level of complexity. Bacteria can interact with their (true or potential) parasites (i.e., phages) and with their multicellular hosts. In these model interactions, bacteria learnt how to cope with their inner and outer host, transforming dangerous signals into opportunities and modulating responses in order to achieve an agreement that is beneficial for the overall participants, thus giving rise to a more complex "organism" or ecosystem. In this review, particular attention will be addressed to underline the minimal energy expenditure required for these successful interactions [e.g., moonlighting proteins, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and multitasking signals] and the systemic vision of these processes and ways of life in which the system proves to be more than the sum of the single components. Using an inside-out perspective, I will examine the possibility of multilevel interactions, in which viruses help bacteria to cope with the animal host and bacteria support the human immune system to counteract viral infection in a circular vision. In this sophisticated network, bacteria represent the precious link that insures system stability with relative low energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Pessione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, School of Nature Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Mukherjee A, Lordan C, Ross RP, Cotter PD. Gut microbes from the phylogenetically diverse genus Eubacterium and their various contributions to gut health. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1802866. [PMID: 32835590 PMCID: PMC7524325 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1802866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades our understanding of the gut microbiota and its contribution to health and disease has been transformed. Among a new 'generation' of potentially beneficial microbes to have been recognized are members of the genus Eubacterium, who form a part of the core human gut microbiome. The genus consists of phylogenetically, and quite frequently phenotypically, diverse species, making Eubacterium a taxonomically unique and challenging genus. Several members of the genus produce butyrate, which plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, colonic motility, immunomodulation and suppression of inflammation in the gut. Eubacterium spp. also carry out bile acid and cholesterol transformations in the gut, thereby contributing to their homeostasis. Gut dysbiosis and a consequently modified representation of Eubacterium spp. in the gut, have been linked with various human disease states. This review provides an overview of Eubacterium species from a phylogenetic perspective, describes how they alter with diet and age and summarizes its association with the human gut and various health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Mukherjee
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Cathy Lordan
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Engevik MA, Danhof HA, Shrestha R, Chang-Graham AL, Hyser JM, Haag AM, Mohammad MA, Britton RA, Versalovic J, Sorg JA, Spinler JK. Reuterin disrupts Clostridioides difficile metabolism and pathogenicity through reactive oxygen species generation. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1788898. [PMID: 32804011 PMCID: PMC7524292 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1795388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's greatest public health challenges and adjunct probiotic therapies are strategies that could lessen this burden. Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a prime example where adjunct probiotic therapies could decrease disease incidence through prevention. Human-derived Lactobacillus reuteri is a probiotic that produces the antimicrobial compound reuterin known to prevent C. difficile colonization of antibiotic-treated fecal microbial communities. However, the mechanism of inhibition is unclear. We show that reuterin inhibits C. difficile outgrowth from spores and vegetative cell growth, however, no effect on C. difficile germination or sporulation was observed. Consistent with published studies, we found that exposure to reuterin stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. difficile, resulting in a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability that was rescued by the antioxidant glutathione. Sublethal concentrations of reuterin enhanced the susceptibility of vegetative C. difficile to vancomycin and metronidazole treatment and reduced toxin synthesis by C. difficile. We also demonstrate that reuterin is protective against C. difficile toxin-mediated cellular damage in the human intestinal enteroid model. Overall, our results indicate that ROS are essential mediators of reuterin activity and show that reuterin production by L. reuteri is compatible as a therapeutic in a clinically relevant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather A. Danhof
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ritu Shrestha
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Hyser
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony M. Haag
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mahmoud A. Mohammad
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph A. Sorg
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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40
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Kryachko Y, Batbayar B, Tanaka T, Nickerson MT, Korber DR. Production of glycerol by Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496 and formation of hexamine during fermentation of pea protein enriched flour. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:331-340. [PMID: 32950562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Suspensions of pea protein enriched flour (PP) inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496 and uninoculated PP suspensions were incubated in vials covered with airtight caps. Organic compound compositions of fermented and unfermented PP suspensions (F-PP and U-PP, respectively) were analyzed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography - mass-spectrometry (GCMS). Acetic acid was detected in all samples; pH dropped from pH 6.5 to pH 4.1 in L. plantarum F-PP and to pH 5.3 in uninoculated F-PP. Abundance of acetic acid and minuscule presence of lactic acid in L. plantarum F-PP suggested that fermentation proceeded preferentially via the pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) pathway. Nonetheless, glycerol appeared to be the most abundant compound in L. plantarum F-PP samples; colorimetric analysis indicated that its average concentration in these samples was 1.05 g/L. A metabolic switch from the PFL pathway to glycerol production might occur due to acidity tolerance limitations of L. plantarum, glycerol production being associated with the release of phosphate, which can act as a buffer. Fermentation of PP by L. plantarum also led to formation of hexamine, which is a known food preservation agent. Presence of naturally formed hexamine and glycerol in food products may render using chemical additives needless.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Kryachko
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Barkhas Batbayar
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Michael T Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Darren R Korber
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
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41
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Ruenz M, Goerke K, Bakuradze T, Abraham K, Lampen A, Eisenbrand G, Richling E. Sustained Human Background Exposure to Acrolein Evidenced by Monitoring Urinary Exposure Biomarkers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900849. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Ruenz
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schroedinger‐Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Katharina Goerke
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schroedinger‐Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schroedinger‐Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Str. 8–10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food SafetyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Str. 8–10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schroedinger‐Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schroedinger‐Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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42
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Drakula S, Novotni D, Mustač NČ, Voučko B, Krpan M, Hruškar M, Ćurić D. A Simple HS-SPME/GC-MS Method for Determination of Acrolein from Sourdough to Bread. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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43
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Bilić L, Barić D, Banhatti RD, Smith DM, Kovačević B. Computational Study of Glycerol Binding within the Active Site of Coenzyme B12-Dependent Diol Dehydratase. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6178-6187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Bilić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Barić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Radha Dilip Banhatti
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David M. Smith
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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44
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Ben Said L, Gaudreau H, Dallaire L, Tessier M, Fliss I. Bioprotective Culture: A New Generation of Food Additives for the Preservation of Food Quality and Safety. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.29175.lbs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Ben Said
- Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute, Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Gaudreau
- Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute, Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Ismail Fliss
- Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute, Department of Food Science, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Ismail Fliss, PhD, is Full Professor, Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute, Department of Food science, Université Laval, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada. Phone: (418) 656–2131.
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45
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Urrutia-Baca VH, Escamilla-García E, de la Garza-Ramos MA, Tamez-Guerra P, Gomez-Flores R, Urbina-Ríos CS. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Downregulation of Virulence Gene Expression on Helicobacter pylori by Reuterin. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:168-175. [PMID: 29103130 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an infectious agent commonly associated with gastrointestinal diseases. The use of probiotics to treat this infection has been documented, however, their potential antimicrobial metabolites have not yet been investigated. In the present study, the effect of reuterin produced by Lactobacillus reuteri on H. pylori growth and virulence gene expression was evaluated. It was observed that reuterin caused significant (P < 0.05) H. pylori growth inhibition at concentrations from 0.08 to 20.48 mM, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20.48 mM for H. pylori ATCC700824 and 10.24 mM for H. pylori ATCC43504. In a reuterin bacterial killing assay, it was observed that half of the MIC value for H. pylori (ATCC700824) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced colony numbers from 5.65 ± 0.35 to 3.78 ± 0.35 Log10 CFU/mL after 12 h of treatment and then increased them to 5.25 ± 0.23 Log10 CFU/mL at 24 h; at its MIC value (20.48 mM), reuterin abrogated (P < 0.01) H. pylori (ATCC700824) growth after 20 h of culture. In addition, reuterin significantly (P < 0.01) reduced H. pylori (ATCC 43504) colony numbers from 5.65 ± 0.35 to 4.1 ± 0.12 Log10 CFU/mL from 12 to 24 h of treatment and abrogated its growth at its MIC value (10.24 mM), after 20 h of treatment. Reuterin did not alter normal human gastric Hs738.St/Int cell viability at the concentrations tested for H. pylori strains. Furthermore, 10 μM reuterin was shown to significantly (P < 0.01) reduce mRNA relative expression levels of H. pylori virulence genes vacA and flaA at 3 h post-treatment, whose effect was higher at 6 h post-treatment, as measured by RT-qPCR. The observed direct antimicrobial effect and the downregulation of expression of virulence genes on H. pylori by reuterin may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of action of probiotics against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hugo Urrutia-Baca
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México
| | - Erandi Escamilla-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Odontología y Unidad de Odontología Integral y Especialidades del CIDICS, Av. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño y Silao S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro., CP. 64460, Monterrey, N.L., México
| | - Myriam Angélica de la Garza-Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Odontología y Unidad de Odontología Integral y Especialidades del CIDICS, Av. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño y Silao S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro., CP. 64460, Monterrey, N.L., México
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México.
| | - Cynthia Sofía Urbina-Ríos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México
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46
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Utilization of glycerol during consecutive cycles of Lactobacillus reuteri fermentation under pressure: The impact on cell growth and fermentation profile. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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47
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Vimont A, Fernandez B, Ahmed G, Fortin HP, Fliss I. Quantitative antifungal activity of reuterin against food isolates of yeasts and moulds and its potential application in yogurt. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 289:182-188. [PMID: 30253311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reuterin is an antimicrobial agent produced by conversion of glycerol and excreted by several bacterial species including the food grade lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri. Several inhibitory activities have been reported to reuterin against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial spores, moulds, yeasts and protozoa. However, the antifungal and anti-yeast activity of reuterin is poorly documented. The aim of the current work was:1) To quantify the minimum inhibitory activity (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal activity (MFC) of reuterin against a representative panel of the most abundant fungi and yeast species associated with food contamination; 2) To investigate the application of reuterin as antifungal agent for biopreservation of yogurt. Reuterin was produced by L. reuteri ATCC 53608 in MRS and glycerol solution then purified before using. Our data showed that purified reuterin inhibited the growth of tested microorganisms at a concentration of 11 mM or less. Moreover, reuterin showed a fungicidal activity (killed 99.9% of all tested microorganisms) at concentrations equal or below 15.6 mM as indicated by MFC. Values of MFC were comprised between 1.0 and 4.8 of the MIC values, suggesting a potent fungicidal mechanism on both yeasts and filamentous moulds with one exception only. In yogurt, reuterin showed a fungistatic effect at a concentration of 1.38 mM while a fungicidal effect was obtained at 6.9 mM. Therefore, reuterin has a high potential as a food preservative, particularly owing to its biochemical properties and antibacterial and antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Vimont
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, 2425 Agriculture Street, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Benoît Fernandez
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, 2425 Agriculture Street, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gomaa Ahmed
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, 2425 Agriculture Street, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helene-Pilote Fortin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, 2425 Agriculture Street, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Food Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, 2425 Agriculture Street, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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48
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Hatti-Kaul R, Chen L, Dishisha T, Enshasy HE. Lactic acid bacteria: from starter cultures to producers of chemicals. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5087731. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lu Chen
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tarek Dishisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hesham El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81 310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mota MJ, Lopes RP, Sousa S, Gomes AM, Delgadillo I, Saraiva JA. Lactobacillus reuteri growth and fermentation under high pressure towards the production of 1,3-propanediol. Food Res Int 2018; 113:424-432. [PMID: 30195537 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is a lactic acid bacterium able to produce several relevant bio-based compounds, including 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), a compound used in food industry for a wide range of purposes. The performance of fermentations under high pressure (HP) is a novel strategy for stimulation of microbial growth and possible improvement of fermentation processes. Therefore, the present work intended to evaluate the effects of HP (10-35 MPa) on L. reuteri growth and glycerol/glucose co-fermentation, particularly on 1,3-PDO production. Two different types of samples were used: with or without acetate added in the culture medium. The production of 1,3-PDO was stimulated at 10 MPa, resulting in enhanced final titers, yields and productivities, compared to 0.1 MPa. The highest 1,3-PDO titer (4.21 g L-1) was obtained in the presence of acetate at 10 MPa, representing yield and productivity improvements of ≈ 11 and 12%, respectively, relatively to the same samples at 0.1 MPa. In the absence of acetate, 1,3-PDO titer and productivity were similar to 0.1 MPa, but the yield increased ≈ 26%. High pressure also affected the formation of by-products (lactate, acetate and ethanol) and, as a consequence, higher molar ratios 1,3-PDO:by-products were achieved at 10 MPa, regardless of the presence/absence of acetate. This indicates a metabolic shift, with modification of product selectivity towards production of 1,3-PDO. Overall, this work suggests that HP can be a useful tool to improve of 1,3-PDO production from glycerol by L. reuteri, even if proper process optimization and scale-up are still needed to allow its industrial application. It also opens the possibility of using this technology to stimulate other glycerol fermentations processes that are relevant for food science and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Mota
- QOPNA, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita P Lopes
- QOPNA, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivonne Delgadillo
- QOPNA, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- QOPNA, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Asare PT, Greppi A, Stettler M, Schwab C, Stevens MJA, Lacroix C. Decontamination of Minimally-Processed Fresh Lettuce Using Reuterin Produced by Lactobacillus reuteri. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1421. [PMID: 30022970 PMCID: PMC6040215 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years the demand for pre-washed, fresh-cut, and minimally-processed (MP) produce has increased. MP fresh vegetable are rapidly spoiled, whereas there is consumers' concern about chemical disinfection treatments such as with chlorine. A promising antimicrobial is reuterin, a broad-spectrum-antimicrobial compound produced by food-grade Lactobacillus reuteri from glycerol. In aqueous solution, reuterin is a dynamic system consisting of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA), its hydrate, its dimer as well as acrolein, which was recently identified as the main antimicrobial component of the system. Here, we tested the use of reuterin containing similar 3-HPA levels but different acrolein concentrations for decontaminating and preserving fresh-cut lettuce. Crude reuterin (CR) was produced by biotransformation of 600 mM glycerol using L. reuteri DSM 20016T. CR preparations were further incubated for 16 h at 50°C to produce enhanced reuterin (ER) with raised concentration of acrolein. Fresh-cut iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was washed using CR (1.5-1.9 mM acrolein) and ER (7.2-21.9 mM acrolein) solutions at 4°C, or sodium hypochloride (250 mg/L) and tap water, and compared with unwashed lettuce. Washed lettuce samples were packed under modified atmosphere (2% O2, 5% CO2, and 93% N2) and stored for 13 days at 4°C. Application of ER containing 12.1, 20.9, or 21.9 mM acrolein reduced the initial viable plate counts of Enterobacteriaceae (by 2.1-2.8 log CFU/g), and yeasts and molds (by 1.3-2.0 log CFU/g) when compared with unwashed samples. In contrast, reuterin solutions containing 7.2 mM acrolein, sodium hypochlorite and tap water only showed very limited and transient, or no effects on the cell loads of lettuce after washing and during storage. Visual assessment of leaves washed with ER showed acrolein concentration-dependent discoloration noticeable already after 3 days of storage for the highest acrolein concentrations. Discoloration became severe for all ER treatments after 7 days, while the other treatments preserved the aspect of washed lettuce. Our data show the predominant role of acrolein as the main antimicrobial component of the reuterin system for food biopreservation. Reuterin preparations with enhanced acrolein concentration of 12.1 mM and higher were effective to reduce plate counts of Enterobacteriaceae and yeasts and molds washed lettuce until day 7 but induced pronounced discoloration of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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