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Catechin-Albumin Conjugates: Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity and Anticancer Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:1596687. [PMID: 36254123 PMCID: PMC9569216 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1596687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
(+)-Catechin conjugated with human serum albumin (CT–HSA) was prepared and evaluated as a drug carrier bearing anticancer effects. It was found that 2.4 mol of CT was conjugate to 1 mol HSA. The CT–HSA has an antioxidant capacity of about 3.3 times the amount of CT in the conjugate. Intracellular incorporation of the CT–HSA was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) measurements using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled CT–HSA. The results indicated that the FITC-labelled CT–HSA was incorporated into HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The CT–HSA enhanced the binding of anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and mitomycin C (MMC)) comparing with HSA, and the CT–HSA mixed with 5-Fu or MMC decreased significantly the HeLa cell viability as compared with the same concentration of each drug. In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by the CT–HSA is likely to affect the anticancer effects. Thus, the CT–HSA enhanced anticancer drug efficacy in relation to controlling ROS-scavenging ability.
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Tinh VDC, Thuc VD, Jeon Y, Gu GY, Kim D. Highly durable poly(arylene piperidinium) composite membranes modified with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for fuel cell and water electrolysis application. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nagarajan S, Nagarajan R, Kumar J, Salemme A, Togna AR, Saso L, Bruno F. Antioxidant Activity of Synthetic Polymers of Phenolic Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1646. [PMID: 32722059 PMCID: PMC7464737 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, developing potent antioxidants has been a very active area of research. In this context, phenolic compounds have been evaluated for their antioxidant activity. However, the use of phenolic compounds has also been limited by poor antioxidant activity in several in vivo studies. Polymeric phenols have received much attention owing to their potent antioxidant properties and increased stability in aqueous systems. To be truly effective in biological applications, it is important that these polymers be synthesized using benign methods. In this context, enzyme catalyzed synthesis of polymeric phenols has been explored as an environmentally friendly and safer approach. This review summarizes work in enzymatic syntheses of polymers of phenols. Several assays have been developed to determine the antioxidant potency of these polymeric phenols. These assays are discussed in detail along with structure-property relationships. A deeper understanding of factors affecting antioxidant activity would provide an opportunity for the design of versatile, high performing polymers with enhanced antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhalakshmi Nagarajan
- Department of Natural and Social Sciences, Bowling Green State University-Firelands, Huron, OH 44839, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Nagarajan
- Department of Plastics Engineering and Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Jayant Kumar
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Adele Salemme
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Anna Rita Togna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Ferdinando Bruno
- Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA
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Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of plant constituents called phenolic compounds and correspond to the nonenergy part of the human diet. Flavonoids are found in vegetables, seeds, fruits, and beverages such as wine and beer. Over 7000 flavonoids have been identified and they have been considered substances with a beneficial action on human health, particularly of multiple positive effects because of their antioxidant and free radical scavenging action. Although several studies indicate that some flavonoids have provident actions, they occur only at high doses, confirming in most investigations the existence of anti-inflammatory effects, antiviral or anti-allergic, and their protective role against cardiovascular disease, cancer, and various pathologies. Flavonoids are generally removed by chemical methods using solvents and traditional processes, which besides being expensive, involve long periods of time and affect the bioactivity of such compounds. Recently, efforts to develop biotechnological strategies to reduce or eliminate the use of toxic solvents have been reported, reducing processing time and maintaining the bioactivity of the compounds. In this paper, we review, analyze, and discuss methodologies for biotechnological recovery/extraction of flavonoids from agro-industrial residues, describing the advances and challenges in the topic.
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El-Mohtadi F, d'Arcy R, Tirelli N. Oxidation-Responsive Materials: Biological Rationale, State of the Art, Multiple Responsiveness, and Open Issues. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800699. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farah El-Mohtadi
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry; School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Biology; Medicine, and Health; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Richard d'Arcy
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials; Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry; School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Biology; Medicine, and Health; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials; Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 16163 Genova Italy
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Oliver S, Vittorio O, Cirillo G, Boyer C. Enhancing the therapeutic effects of polyphenols with macromolecules. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A review of key macromolecular systems employed to stabilise polyphenols, including direct polymerisation of polyphenol monomers and conjugation with macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Oliver
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science
- University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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Frampton MB, Jones TRB, Zelisko PM. Cyclotetrasiloxane frameworks for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of oligoesters. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14828b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipase-mediated synthesis of branched and polycyclic polyester systems based on a cyclotetrasiloxane core.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Frampton
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
| | - T. R. B. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
| | - P. M. Zelisko
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
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Cirillo G, Curcio M, Vittorio O, Iemma F, Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG, Puoci F, Picci N. Polyphenol Conjugates and Human Health: A Perspective Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:326-37. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.752342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gupta A, Kagliwal LD, Singhal RS. Biotransformation of polyphenols for improved bioavailability and processing stability. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2013; 69:183-217. [PMID: 23522797 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410540-9.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Research on the functions and effects of polyphenols has gained considerable momentum in recent times. This is attributed to their bioactivities, ranging from antioxidant to anticancer activities. But their potential is seldom fully realized since their solubility and stability is quite low and their bioavailability is hampered due to extensive metabolism in the body. Biotransformation of polyphenols using enzymes, whole cell microbes, or plant cell cultures may provide an effective solution by modifying their structure while maintaining their original bioactivity. Lipase, protease, cellulase, and transferases are commonly used enzymes, with lipase being the most popular for carrying out acylation reactions. Among the whole cell microbes, Aspergillus, Bacillus, and Streptomyces sp. are the most widely used, while Eucalyptus perriniana and Capsicum frutescens are the plant cell cultures used for the production of secondary metabolites. This chapter emphasizes the development of green solvents and identification of different sources/approaches to maximize polyphenol transformation for varied applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Gupta
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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Fabritz S, Hörner S, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Bioconjugation on cube-octameric silsesquioxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2224-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26807h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bansal S, Vyas S, Bhattacharya S, Sharma M. Catechin prodrugs and analogs: a new array of chemical entities with improved pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1438-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70038k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Cordes DB, Lickiss PD. Preparation and Characterization of Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxanes. ADVANCES IN SILICON SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3787-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chunmei D, Jiabo W, Weijun K, Cheng P, Xiaohe X. Investigation of anti-microbial activity of catechin on Escherichia coli growth by microcalorimetry. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 30:284-288. [PMID: 21787661 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Catechin is a major monomer of Chinese Rhubarb. Chinese Rhubarb has been claimed to have a therapeutic value as a bacteriostatic drug. It is also known that total rhubarb anthraquinone mixture and its individual components such as emodin are the effective components. However, the catechins component in Chinese Rhubarb such as catechin has not been characterized. In the present study, the power-time curves of Escherichia coli growth were obtained and the action on them by addition of catechin in different concentrations in vitro were studied by microcalorimetry. The results suggest E. coli growth is inhibited by catechin in a dose-dependent manner starting from the concentration of 0.05 to 1.6mgmL(-1). The correspondence analysis reveals k(2) and P(2) are the significant parameters to evaluate the anti-microbial effect. Microcalorimetry is a useful tool to evaluate the anti-microbial effect with its sensitive and significant quantitative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Chunmei
- Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, PR China; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
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Seo HS, Kwak SY, Lee YS. Antioxidative activities of histidine containing caffeic acid-dipeptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4266-72. [PMID: 20542693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants have been utilized in both the food and cosmetics industries to neutralize the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. Histidine-containing peptides are powerful antioxidants that exist in nature. Additionally, hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA)-peptide conjugates exhibit a synergistically enhanced antioxidative activity. Thus, caffeic acid (CA), a natural antioxidant, was conjugated to histidine-containing dipeptides (His dipeptides) in order to develop better antioxidants. The antioxidative activities were measured using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test and lipid peroxidation test with ferric thiocyanate method. Some of the CA-His dipeptides exhibited better radical scavenging activities than CA, and all of the CA-His dipeptides showed enhanced lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities. His dipeptide enhanced the antioxidative activity of CA, and the position of histidine also affected the antioxidative activity of the compounds. CA-proline-histidine amide (CA-Pro-His-NH(2)) exhibited the highest activity in both the free radical scavenging test and the lipid peroxidation inhibition test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Suk Seo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
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Spizzirri UG, Iemma F, Puoci F, Cirillo G, Curcio M, Parisi OI, Picci N. Synthesis of antioxidant polymers by grafting of gallic acid and catechin on gelatin. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1923-30. [PMID: 19413362 DOI: 10.1021/bm900325t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple, and cheap method to synthesize antioxidant-protein conjugates by grafting reaction was developed employing a hydrogen peroxide-ascorbic acid pair as radical initiator system. Our challenge was to covalently bind molecules with tested antioxidant activity, as gallic acid (GA) and catechin (CT) to a biomacromolecule, as gelatin, extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industry. In this way, two gelatin conjugates, bearing GA and CT covalently bounded to a side chain of protein, were synthesized. Calorimetric, UV-vis, and fluorescence analyses were performed to verify the covalent bond between antioxidant molecules and gelatin, and the antioxidant activity of conjugates was compared to that of a control polymer submitted to the same reaction conditions without antioxidant molecule. The ability of synthesized materials to inhibit 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radicals, and linoneic acid peroxidation was determined and, to well characterized antioxidant properties of grafted biomacromolecules, disposable phenolic equivalents and total antioxidant activity were calculated. The conjugates showed a good antioxidant activity, confirming the efficiency of the synthetic strategy proposed in this paper. The results clearly showed that antioxidant moieties covalently bounded to a natural polymer allow to introduce in the macromolecule peculiar features for specific industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 87036, Italia
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Abstract
Flavonoids, one of the most numerous and best studied groups of plant polyphenols, are well known to exhibit various biological and pharmacological effects. Functional artificial polymeric flavonoids, flavonoid polymers and amine containing polymer-flavonoid conjugates have been developed. The acid-catalyzed polymerization of catechin and aldehydes proceeds regioselectively to produce catechin-aldehyde polycondensates. Peroxidases and laccases catalyze the oxidative coupling of flavonoids and oxidative conjugation with polyamines. The resulting polymers show much higher antioxidant activities than the flavonoid monomers. In addition, these polymeric flavonoids efficiently inhibit disease related enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase and tyrosinase. Based on these results, the molecular design for amplification of the biological and pharmacological properties of flavonoids is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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