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Wang J, Zhu M, Wang P, Chen W. Biochemical Properties of a Cold-Active Chitinase from Marine Trichoderma gamsii R1 and Its Application to Preparation of Chitin Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:332. [PMID: 37367657 DOI: 10.3390/md21060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic degradation of different chitin polymers into chitin oligosaccharides (COSs) is of great significance given their better solubility and various biological applications. Chitinase plays a pivotal role in the enzymatic preparation of COSs. Herein, a cold-adapted and efficient chitinase (ChiTg) from the marine Trichoderma gamsii R1 was purified and characterized. The optimal temperature of ChiTg was 40 °C, and the relative activity at 5 °C was above 40.1%. Meanwhile, ChiTg was active and stable from pH 4.0 to 7.0. As an endo-type chitinase, ChiTg exhibited the highest activity with colloidal chitin, then with ball-milled and powdery chitin. In addition, ChiTg showed high efficiency when hydrolyzing colloidal chitin at different temperatures, and the end products were mainly composed of COSs with one to three degrees of polymerization. Furthermore, the results of bioinformatics analysis revealed that ChiTg belongs to the GH18 family, and its acidic surface and the flexible structure of its catalytic site may contribute to its high activity in cold conditions. The results of this study provide a cold-active and efficient chitinase and ideas for its application regarding the preparation of COSs from colloidal chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wang
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518102, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mujin Zhu
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518102, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518102, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518102, China
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Loc NH, Huy ND, Quang HT, Lan TT, Thu Ha TT. Characterisation and antifungal activity of extracellular chitinase from a biocontrol fungus, Trichoderma asperellum PQ34. Mycology 2019; 11:38-48. [PMID: 32128280 PMCID: PMC7033689 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1703839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma species were known as biological control agents against phytopathogenic fungi because they produce a variety of chitinases. Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that break down glycosidic bonds in chitin, a major component of the cell walls of fungi. The present study shows that extracellular chitinase activity reached a maximum value of approximately 22 U/mL after 96 h of T. asperellum PQ34 strain culture. The optimal temperature and pH of enzyme are 40°C and 7, respectively, whereas the thermal and pH stability range from 25°C to 50°C and 4 to 10, respectively. Chitinase at 60 U/mL inhibited nearly completely in vitro growth of Colletotrichum sp. (about 95%) and Sclerotium rolfsii (about 97%). In peanut plants, 20 U/mL of chitinase significantly reduced the incidence of S. rolfsii infection compared to controls. The fungal infection incidence of seeds before germination and 30 days after germination was only 2.22% and 2.38%, while the control was 13.33% and 17.95%. Besides, chitinase from T. asperellum PQ34 can also prevent anthracnose that is caused by Colletotrichum sp. on both mango and chilli fruits up to 72 h after enzyme pre-treatment at 40 U/mL. In mango and chilli fruits infected with anthracnose, 40 U/mL dose of chitinase inhibited the growth of fungi after 96 h of treatment, the diameter of lesion was only 0.88 cm for mango and 1.45 cm for chilli, while the control was 1.67 cm and 2.85 cm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Loc
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Huy
- Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Tan Quang
- Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thuy Lan
- Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
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Deng JJ, Shi D, Mao HH, Li ZW, Liang S, Ke Y, Luo XC. Heterologous expression and characterization of an antifungal chitinase (Chit46) from Trichoderma harzianum GIM 3.442 and its application in colloidal chitin conversion. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:113-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kopparapu NK, Zhou P, Zhang S, Yan Q, Liu Z, Jiang Z. Purification and characterization of a novel chitinase gene from Paecilomyces thermophila expressed in Escherichia coli. Carbohydr Res 2012; 347:155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Loc NH, Quang HT, Hung NB, Huy ND, Phuong TTB, Ha TTT. Trichoderma asperellumChi42 Genes Encode Chitinase. MYCOBIOLOGY 2011; 39:182-6. [PMID: 22783101 PMCID: PMC3385114 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2011.39.3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Four Trichoderma strains (CH2, SH16, PQ34, and TN42) were isolated from soil samples collected from Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue provinces in Vietnam. The strains exhibited high chitinolytic secretion. Strain PQ34 formed the largest zone of chitinase-mediated clearance (> 4 cm in diameter) in agar containing 1% (w/v) colloidal chitin. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of these strains indicated that they were Trichoderma asperellum. The molecular weights of the chitinases were approximately 42 kDa. Chitinase genes (chi42) of T. asperellum strains TN42, CH2, SH16, and PQ34 were 98~99% homologous to the ech42 gene of T. harzianum CB-Pin-01 (accession No. DQ166036). The deduced amino acid sequences of both T. asperellum strains SH16 and TN42 shared 100% similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Loc
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Biotechnology, Hue University, 27 Phan Dinh Phung St., Hue, Vietnam
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Lim H, Choi HT. Growth inhibition of the yeast transformant by the expression of a chitinase from Coprinellus congregatus. J Microbiol 2010; 48:706-8. [PMID: 21046352 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-010-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coprinellus congregatus generates several chitinases during its entire life cycle: at the growing hyphal stage and at the mushroom autolysis stage. We have isolated a chitinase gene (chi1) from the mushroom tissue at the autolysing stage, and constructed a chitinase expression vector to get large amount of enzyme protein. Chitinase 1 (chi1) cDNA was heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by gal1 promoter. The transformants showed no specific change in growth characteristics under normal growth conditions. However the expression of the gene by the gal1 promoter in the yeast transformants resulted in complete growth inhibition, while laccase expression by the gal1 promoter showed normal growth. The chitinase activities from the transformants were also more than 3 times higher than that of the recipient strain, and the chitinase expression by the real time-PCR also showed increased expression of the chi1 in the yeast transformant. Expression of a chitinase which was produced at the mushroom autolysing stage of C. congregatus resulted in yeast growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyangsoon Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Yang L, Yang Q, Sun K, Tian Y, Li H. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of ChiV gene to Trichoderma harzianum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 163:937-45. [PMID: 20936373 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As a soil-borne filamentous fungus, Trichoderma harzianum exhibits biological control properties because it parasitizes a large variety of phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, the vectors pBI121 and pCAMBIA1301 and cloning vector pUC18 were used to successfully construct expression vector pCA-GChiV for filamentous fungi transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.The ChiV gene was successfully transferred into the biocontrol fungus T. harzianum with an efficiency of 90-110 transformants per 10(7) spores using A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Putative transformants were analyzed to test the transformation by the southern blot, and the expression of ChiV was detected by reverse transcription PCR. The transformants were co-cultured to assay antifungal activities with Rhizoctonia solani. The inhibition rates of the transformants and no ChiV gene transferred T. harzianum were 98.56% and 82.42%, respectively, on the fourth day.The results showed that the ChiV transformants had significantly higher inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yang
- Post-doctoral Research station of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Yang L, Yang Q, Sun K, Tian Y, Li H. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of SOD gene to Trichoderma harzianum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu Y, Yang Q, Song J. A new serine protease gene from Trichoderma harzianum is expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683809010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu Z, Yang Q, Hu S, Zhang J, Ma J. Cloning and characterization of a novel chitinase gene (chi46) from Chaetomium globosum and identification of its biological activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:241-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant organic and renewable source in nature, after cellulose. Chitinases are chitin-degrading enzymes. Chitinases have important biophysiological functions and immense potential applications. In recent years, researches on fungal chitinases have made fast progress, especially in molecular levels. Therefore, the present review will focus on recent advances of fungal chitinases, containing their nomenclature and assays, purification and characterization, molecular cloning and expression, family and structure, regulation, and function and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Duo-Chuan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
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