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Baev V, Iliev I, Stefanov Y, Tsankova M, Marhova M, Apostolova E, Gozmanova M, Yahubyan G, Kostadinova S. Exploring the Genomic Landscape of Bacillus paranthracis PUMB_17 as a Proficient Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C Producer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2497-2513. [PMID: 38534774 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases find versatile applications across industries, including detergent production, food modification, pharmaceuticals (especially in drug delivery systems), and cell signaling research. In this study, we present a strain of Bacillus paranthracis for the first time, demonstrating significant potential in the production of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC). The investigation thoroughly examines the B. paranthracis PUMB_17 strain, focusing on the activity of PC-PLC and its purification process. Notably, the PUMB_17 strain displays extracellular PC-PLC production with high specific activity during the late exponential growth phase. To unravel the genetic makeup of PUMB_17, we employed nanopore-based whole-genome sequencing and subsequently conducted a detailed genome annotation. The genome comprises a solitary circular chromosome spanning 5,250,970 bp, featuring a guanine-cytosine ratio of 35.49. Additionally, two plasmids of sizes 64,250 bp and 5845 bp were identified. The annotation analysis reveals the presence of 5328 genes, encompassing 5186 protein-coding sequences, and 142 RNA genes, including 39 rRNAs, 103 tRNAs, and 5 ncRNAs. The aim of this study was to make a comprehensive genomic exploration that promises to enhance our understanding of the previously understudied and recently documented capabilities of Bacillus paranthracis and to shed light on a potential use of the strain in the industrial production of PC-PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesselin Baev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Iliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Marinela Tsankova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Marhova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Apostolova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariyana Gozmanova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Yahubyan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sonya Kostadinova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Abdelkader I, Ben Mabrouk S, Hadrich B, Refai M, Fendri A, Sayari A. Optimization using response surface methodology of phospholipase C production from Bacillus cereus suitable for soybean oil degumming. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1165-1175. [PMID: 36794326 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2177867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the optimization of an extracellular phospholipase C production by Bacillus cereus (PLCBc) using Response Surface Methodology (RMS) and Box-Behnken design. In fact, after optimization, a maximum phospholipase activity (51 U/ml) was obtained after 6 h of cultivation on tryptone (10 g/L), yeast extract (10 g/L), NaCl (8.125 g/L), pH 7.5 with initial OD (0.15). The PLCBc activity, esteemed by the model (51 U) was very approximate to activity gutted experimentally (50 U). The PLCBc can be considered as thermoactive phospholipase since it showed a maximal activity of 50 U/mL at 60 °C using egg yolk or egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) as substrate. In addition, the enzyme was active at pH 7 and is stable after incubation at 55 °C for 30 min. The application of B. cereus phospholipase C in soybean oil degumming was investigated. Our results showed that when using enzymatic degumming, the residual phosphorus decrease more than with water degumming, indeed, it passes from 718 ppm in soybean crude oil to 100 ppm and 52 ppm by degumming using water and enzymatic process, respectively. The diacylgycerol (DAG) yield showed an increase of 1.2% with enzymatic degumming compared to soybean crude oil. This makes our enzyme a potential candidate for food industrial applications such as enzymatic degumming of vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Abdelkader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ben Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, IMSIU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Refai
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Yu D, Wang N, Gong Y, Wu Z, Wang W, Wang L, Wu F, Jiang L. Screening of active sites and study on immobilization of Bacillus cereus phospholipase C. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ibrahim MA, Yamasaki T, Furukawa K, Yamasaki K. Fragment-Based Drug Discovery for Trypanosoma brucei Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C through Biochemical and WaterLOGSY-NMR Methods. J Biochem 2022; 171:619-629. [PMID: 35191956 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (GPI-PLC) of Trypanosoma brucei, the causative protozoan parasite of African trypanosomiasis, is a membrane-bound enzyme essential for antigenic variation, because it catalyses the release of the membrane-bound form of variable surface glycoproteins. Here, we performed a fragment-based drug discovery of TbGPI-PLC inhibitors using a combination of enzymatic inhibition assay and water-ligand observed via gradient spectroscopy (WaterLOGSY) NMR experiment. The TbGPI-PLC was cloned and over-expressed using an Escherichia coli expression system followed by purification using three-phase partitioning and gel filtration. Subsequently, the inhibitory activity of 873 fragment compounds against the recombinant TbGPI-PLC led to the identification of 66 primary hits. These primary hits were subjected to the WaterLOGSY NMR experiment where 10 fragment hits were confirmed to directly bind to the TbGPI-PLC. These included benzothiazole, chlorobenzene, imidazole, indole, pyrazol and quinolinone derivatives. Molecular docking simulation indicated that six of them share a common binding site, which corresponds to the catalytic pocket. The present study identified chemically diverse fragment hits that could directly bind and inhibit the TbGPI-PLC activity which constructed a framework for fragment optimisation or linking towards the design of novel drugs for African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- Biomedical Research Institute, and Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna 800001, Nigeria
| | - Tomoko Yamasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, and Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan
| | - Koji Furukawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, and Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, and Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan
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Eddehech A, Smichi N, Violot S, Bettler E, Brizuela L, Noiriel A, Abousalham A, Zarai Z. Deciphering the recombinant thermostable phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C activity from Bacillus thuringiensis: Biochemical and interfacial properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Merkulyeva YA, Shcherbakov DN, Sharlaeva EA, Chirkova VY. Phospholipases C from the Genus Bacillus: Biological Role, Properties, and Fields of Application. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Comparative response of Spodoptera litura challenged per os with Serratia marcescens strains differing in virulence. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 183:107562. [PMID: 33652013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Host plays an important role in influencing virulence of a pathogen and efficacy of a biopesticide. The present study was aimed to characterize the possible factors present in Spodoptera litura that influenced pathogenecity of orally ingested S. marcescens strains, differing in their virulence. Fifth instar larvae of S. litura responded differently as challenged by two Serratia marcescens strains, SEN (virulent strain, LC50 7.02 103 cfu/ml) and ICC-4 (non-virulent strain, LC50 1.19 1012 cfu/ml). Considerable increase in activity of lytic enzymes protease and phospholipase was recorded in the gut and hemolymph of larvae fed on diet supplemented with S. marcescens strain ICC-4 as compared to the larvae treated with S. marcescens strain SEN. However, a significant up-regulation of antioxidative enzymes SOD (in foregut and midgut), CAT (in the midgut) and GST (in the foregut and hemolymph) was recorded in larvae fed on diet treated with the virulent S. marcescens strain SEN in comparison to larvae fed on diet treated with the non-virulent S. marcescens strain ICC-4. Activity of defense related enzymes lysozyme and phenoloxidase activity were also higher in the hemolymph of larvae fed with diet treated with S. marcescens strain SEN as compared to hemolymph of S. marcescens strain ICC-4 treated larvae. More number of over-expressed proteins was observed in the gut and hemolymph of S. marcescens strains ICC-4 and SEN treated larvae, respectively. Identification of the selected differentially expressed proteins indicated induction of proteins involved in insect innate immune response (Immunoglobulin I-set domain, Apolipophorin III, leucine rich repeat and Titin) in S. marcescens strain SEN treated larvae. Over-expression of two proteins, actin related protein and mt DNA helicase, were noted in S. marcescens treated larvae with very high levels observed in the non-virulent strain. Up-regulation of homeobox protein was noted only in S. marcescens strain ICC-4 challenged larvae. This study indicated that ingestion of non-virulent S. marcescens strain ICC-4 induced strong immune response in insect gut while there was weak response to the virulent S. marcescens strain SEN which probably resulted in difference in their virulence.
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Wang L, Hu T, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Yang S. Efficient production of a novel alkaline cold-active phospholipase C from Aspergillus oryzae by molecular chaperon co-expression for crude oil degumming. Food Chem 2021; 350:129212. [PMID: 33609939 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel alkaline cold-active phospholipase C (PLC) gene (AoPC) from Aspergillus oryzae was cloned. AoPC exhibited the highest sequence similarity of 32.5% with that of a PLC from Arabidopsis thaliana. The gene was co-expressed in Pichia pastoris with molecular chaperone PDI (protein disulfide isomerases), and the highest PLC activity of 82, 782 U mL-1 was achieved in a 5-L fermentor. The recombinant enzyme (AoPC) was most active at pH 8.0 and 25 °C, respectively, and it was stable over a broad pH range of 4.5-9.0 and up to 40 °C. It is the first fungal alkaline PLC. The application of AoPC (with 25% citric acid, w/w) in oil degumming process significantly reduced the phosphorus of crude soybean oil by 93.3% to a commercially acceptable level (<10 mg kg-1). Therefore, the relatively high yield and excellent properties of AoPC may possess it great potential in crude oil refining industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Tekin A, Uzuner U, Sezen K. Homology modeling and heterologous expression of highly alkaline subtilisin-like serine protease from Bacillus halodurans C-125. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:479-494. [PMID: 33047274 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we report heterologous expression, enzymatic characterization and structure homology modeling of a subtilisin-like alkaline serine protease (ASP) from Bacillus halodurans C-125. Encoding gene was successfully obtained by PCR and cloned into pMA0911 shuttle vector under the control of strong HpaII promoter and expressed extracellularly. ASP enzyme was successfully expressed in B. subtilis WB800 cell line lacking eight extracellular proteases and produced extracellularly in the culture medium. Km, Vmax and specific activity parameters of the recombinantly produced ASP were identified as 0.2899 mg/ml, 76.12 U/ml and 9500 U/mg, respectively. The purified enzyme revealed remarkable proteolytic activity at highly alkaline conditions with a pH optimum 12.0 and notable thermostability with temperature optimum at 60 °C. Furthermore, substrate-free enzyme revealed remarkable pH stability at pH 12.0 and maintained 93% of its initial activity when incubated at 37 °C for 24 h and 60% of its initial activity upon incubation at 60 °C for 1 h. Theoretically calculated molecular mass of ASP protein was confirmed through SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis (Mw: 28.3 kDa). The secondary and tertiary structures of ASP protein were also identified through homology modeling and further examined in detail. ASP harbors a typical S8/S53 peptidase domain comprising 17 β-sheets and 9 α-helixes within its secondary structure. The structure dynamics analysis of modeled 3D structure further revealed that transient inactivating propeptide chain is the most dynamic region of ASP enzyme with 8.52 Å2 β-Factor value. Additional residue-dependent fluctuation plot analysis also confirmed the elevated structure dynamics patterning of ASP N-terminus which could be the potential prerequisite for the autonomous propeptide removal of alkaline serine peptidases. Yet the functional domain of ASP becomes quite stable after autonomous exclusion of its propeptide. Although the sequence homology between ASP and commercial detergent additive B. lentus protease (PDB ID:1GCI) was moderate (65.4% sequence similarity), their overlaid 3D structures revealed much higher similarity (98.14%) within 0.80 Å RMSD. In conclusions, with remarkable pH stability, notable thermostability and particularly high specific activity at extreme alkaline conditions, the unveiled ASP protein stands out as a novel protease candidate for various industrial sectors such as textile, detergent, leather, feed, waste, pharmaceutical and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aşkın Tekin
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Şebinkarahisar Social Sciences Vocational School, 28400, Şebinkarahisar, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ugur Uzuner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Kazım Sezen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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Xiang M, Wang L, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Yang S. High-level expression and characterization of a novel phospholipase C from Thielavia terrestris suitable for oil degumming. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:740-748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lee BC, Hung CW, Lin CY, Shih CH, Tsai HJ. Oral administration of transgenic biosafe microorganism containing antimicrobial peptide enhances the survival of tilapia fry infected bacterial pathogen. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:606-616. [PMID: 31682999 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To develop an alternative to conventional antibiotics used in the aquaculture and livestock industries, we employed Bacillus subtilis, considered a biosafe microorganism, to express the degradable antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin. An expression plasmid pP43-6LFBII-GFP, in which reporter GFP cDNA was fused downstream of lactoferricin cDNA driven by an endogenous constitutive P43 promoter was electroporated into B. subtilis, followed by regeneration and cultivation. The putative colonies harboring plasmids were primarily screened by PCR-amplification of lactoferricin cDNA. Four transformants which were stable inheritance of plasmid containing lactoferricin cDNA included strains T1, T4, T7 and T13. Based on Western blot and Southern blot analyses, we found that transgenic strains T1 and T13 not only highly expressed exogenous recombinant lactoferricin, but also exhibited more stable inheritance of plasmids with 931 and 647 copies per cell, respectively. In the antibacterial in vitro experiment, the bactericidal activity of each microliter of cell lysate from transgenic strains T1 and T13 (5 × 108 CFU) for Escherichia coli was equivalent to 56 and 53 ng of Ampicillin dosage, respectively, while for Staphylococcus epidermidis, the equivalency T1 and T13 was 154 and 130 ng of Ampicillin dosage, respectively. Equivalencies of bacterial activity for Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Edwardsiella tarda followed suit. In the antibacterial in vivo experiment, we oral-in-tube fed tilapia fry (Oreochromis mossambicus X O. niloticus) with cell lysate from transgenic strain T1 and T13 individually. After 1-h of incubation, we immersed these treated fish fry in a water tank containing E. tarda (5 × 1011 CFU) for a 5-hr bacterial challenge. After one month cultivation, an average survival rate of 63 and 67% was observed after having fed the fish fry with transgenic strains T1 and T13, respectively. However, the average survival rate of fish fry fed with B. subtilis WT strain and transgenic strain T19 without expressing recombinant lactoferricin reached only 5 and 9%, respectively. These data indicate that the survival of fish fry infected by the intestinal pathogen tested could be significantly enhanced by feeding transgenic B. subtilis containing antibacterial peptide. Therefore, we suggest that this strategy could be applied to both aquaculture and livestock industries to (i) reduce the dependency on conventional antibiotics during seasonal outbreaks and (ii) eliminate the problem of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Chang Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Wei Hung
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Yung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Han Shih
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.
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Eddehech A, Smichi N, Arhab Y, Noiriel A, Abousalham A, Gargouri Y, Zarai Z. Production, purification and functional characterization of phospholipase C from Bacillus thuringiensis with high catalytic activity. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Cai D, Zhang B, Rao Y, Li L, Zhu J, Li J, Ma X, Chen S. Improving the utilization rate of soybean meal for efficient production of bacitracin and heterologous proteins in the aprA-deficient strain of Bacillus licheniformis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4789-4799. [PMID: 31025072 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soybean meal is commonly applied as the raw material in the bio-fermentation industry, and bacitracin is a widely used feed additive in the feed industry. In this study, we investigated the influence of subtilisin enhancement on soybean meal utilization and bacitracin production in Bacillus licheniformis DW2, an industrial strain for bacitracin production. Firstly, blocking sRNA aprA expression benefited bacitracin synthesis, and the bacitracin yield produced by aprA-deficient strain DW2△PaprA reached 931.43 U/mL, 18.92% higher than that of DW2 (783.25 U/mL). The bacitracin yield was reduced by 14.27% in the aprA overexpression strain. Furthermore, our results showed that deficiency of aprA led to a 6.54-fold increase of the aprE transcriptional level and a 1.84-fold increase of subtilisin activity, respectively, which led to the increases of soybean meal utilization rate (28.86%) and precursor amino acid supplies for bacitracin synthesis. Additionally, strengthening the utilization rate of soybean meal also benefited heterologous protein production, and the α-amylase and nattokinase activities were respectively enhanced by 59.81% and 50.53% in aprA-deficient strains. Collectively, this research demonstrated that strengthening subtilisin production could improve the utilization rate of soybean meal and thereby enhance bacitracin and target protein production; also, this strategy would be useful for the improvement of protein/peptide production using soybean meal as the main nitrogen source in the fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Li
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co. Ltd, Nanping, 353400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Z, Zheng W, Ge C, Cui W, Zhou L, Zhou Z. High-level extracellular production of recombinant nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis WB800 by multiple tandem promoters. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:89. [PMID: 31064343 PMCID: PMC6505213 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nattokinase (NK), which is a member of the subtilisin family, is a potent fibrinolytic enzyme that might be useful for thrombosis therapy. Extensive work has been done to improve its production for the food industry. The aim of our study was to enhance NK production by tandem promoters in Bacillus subtilis WB800. Results Six recombinant strains harboring different plasmids with a single promoter (PP43, PHpaII, PBcaprE, PgsiB, PyxiE or PluxS) were constructed, and the analysis of the fibrinolytic activity showed that PP43 and PHpaII exhibited a higher expression activity than that of the others. The NK yield that was mediated by PP43 and PHpaII reached 140.5 ± 3.9 FU/ml and 110.8 ± 3.6 FU/ml, respectively. These promoters were arranged in tandem to enhance the expression level of NK, and our results indicated that the arrangement of promoters in tandem has intrinsic effects on the NK expression level. As the number of repetitive PP43 or PHpaII increased, the expression level of NK was enhanced up to the triple-promoter, but did not increase unconditionally. In addition, the repetitive core region of PP43 or PHpaII could effectively enhance NK production. Eight triple-promoters with PP43 and PHpaII in different orders were constructed, and the highest yield of NK finally reached 264.2 ± 7.0 FU/ml, which was mediated by the promoter PHpaII-PHpaII-PP43. The scale-up production of NK that was promoted by PHpaII-PHpaII-PP43 was also carried out in a 5-L fermenter, and the NK activity reached 816.7 ± 30.0 FU/mL. Conclusions Our studies demonstrated that NK was efficiently overproduced by tandem promoters in Bacillus subtilis. The highest fibrinolytic activity was promoted by PHpaII-PHpaII-PP43, which was much higher than that had been reported in previous studies. These multiple tandem promoters were used successfully to control NK expression and might be useful for improving the expression level of the other genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1461-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Cai D, Rao Y, Zhan Y, Wang Q, Chen S. EngineeringBacillusfor efficient production of heterologous protein: current progress, challenge and prospect. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1632-1642. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan PR China
| | - Y. Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan PR China
| | - Y. Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan PR China
| | - Q. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan PR China
| | - S. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan PR China
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Nadler F, Bracharz F, Kabisch J. CopySwitch- in vivo Optimization of Gene Copy Numbers for Heterologous Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 6:207. [PMID: 30671432 PMCID: PMC6331482 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis has long been used as a host for production and secretion of industrially relevant enzymes like amylases and proteases. It is imperative for optimal efficiency, to balance protein yield and correct folding. While there are numerous ways of doing so on protein or mRNA level, our approach aims for the underlying number of coding sequences. Gene copy numbers are an important tuning valve for the optimization of heterologous gene expression. While some genes are best expressed from many gene copies, for other genes, medium or even single copy numbers are the only way to avoid formation of inclusion bodies, toxic gene dosage effects or achieve desired levels for metabolic engineering. In order to provide a simple and robust method to address above-mentioned issues in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, we have developed an automatable system for the tuning of heterologous gene expression based on the host's intrinsic natural competence and homologous recombination capabilities. Strains are transformed with a linearized, low copy number plasmid containing an antibiotic resistance marker and homology regions up- and downstream of the gene of interest. Said gene is copied onto the vector, rendering it circular and replicative and thus selectable. We could show an up to 3.6-fold higher gfp (green fluorescent protein) expression and up to 1.3-fold higher mPLC (mature phospholipase C) expression after successful transformation. Furthermore, the plasmid-borne gfp expression seems to be more stable, since over the whole cultivation period the share of fluorescent cells compared to all measured cells is consistently higher. A major benefit of this method is the ability to work with very large regions of interest, since all relevant steps are carried out in vivo and are thus far less prone to mechanical DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nadler
- Computer-Aided Synthetic Biology, Institute of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix Bracharz
- Computer-Aided Synthetic Biology, Institute of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Johannes Kabisch
- Computer-Aided Synthetic Biology, Institute of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Liu X, Wang H, Wang B, Pan L. Efficient production of extracellular pullulanase in Bacillus subtilis ATCC6051 using the host strain construction and promoter optimization expression system. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:163. [PMID: 30348150 PMCID: PMC6196424 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus subtilis has been widely used as a host for heterologous protein expression in food industry. B. subtilis ATCC6051 is an alternative expression host for the production of industrial enzymes, and exhibits favorable growth properties compared to B. subtilis 168. Extracellular expression of pullulanase from recombinant B. subtilis is still limited due to the issues on promoters of B. subtilis expression system. This study was undertaken to develop a new, high-level expression system in B. subtilis ATCC6051. Results To further optimize B. subtilis ATCC6051 as a expression host, eight extracellular proteases (aprE, nprE, nprB, epr, mpr, bpr, vpr and wprA), the sigma factor F (spoIIAC) and a surfactin (srfAC) were deleted, yielding the mutant B. subtilis ATCC6051∆10. ATCC6051∆10 showed rapid growth and produced much more extracellular protein compared to the widetype strain ATCC6051, due to the inactivation of multiple proteases. Using this mutant as the host, eleven plasmids equipped with single promoters were constructed for recombinant expression of pullulanase (PUL) from Bacillus naganoensis. The plasmid containing the PspovG promoter produced the highest extracellular PUL activity, which achieved 412.9 U/mL. Subsequently, sixteen dual-promoter plasmids were constructed and evaluated using this same method. The plasmid containing the dual promoter PamyL–PspovG produced the maximum extracellular PUL activity (625.5 U/mL) and showed the highest expression level (the dry cell weight of 18.7 g/L). Conclusions Taken together, we constructed an effective B. subtilis expression system by deleting multiple proteases and screening strong promoters. The dual-promoter PamyL–PspovG system was found to support superior expression of extracellular proteins in B. subtilis ATCC6051. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1011-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Building B6, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Building B6, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Building B6, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Building B6, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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SS-mPEG chemical modification of recombinant phospholipase C for enhanced thermal stability and catalytic efficiency. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1032-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Development of an Efficient Genome Editing Tool in Bacillus licheniformis Using CRISPR-Cas9 Nickase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02608-17. [PMID: 29330178 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02608-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus strains are important industrial bacteria that can produce various biochemical products. However, low transformation efficiencies and a lack of effective genome editing tools have hindered its widespread application. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 techniques have been utilized in many organisms as genome editing tools because of their high efficiency and easy manipulation. In this study, an efficient genome editing method was developed for Bacillus licheniformis using a CRISPR-Cas9 nickase integrated into the genome of B. licheniformis DW2 with overexpression driven by the P43 promoter. The yvmC gene was deleted using the CRISPR-Cas9n technique with homology arms of 1.0 kb as a representative example, and an efficiency of 100% was achieved. In addition, two genes were simultaneously disrupted with an efficiency of 11.6%, and the large DNA fragment bacABC (42.7 kb) was deleted with an efficiency of 79.0%. Furthermore, the heterologous reporter gene aprN, which codes for nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis, was inserted into the chromosome of B. licheniformis with an efficiency of 76.5%. The activity of nattokinase in the DWc9nΔ7/pP43SNT-SsacC strain reached 59.7 fibrinolytic units (FU)/ml, which was 25.7% higher than that of DWc9n/pP43SNT-SsacC Finally, the engineered strain DWc9nΔ7 (Δepr ΔwprA Δmpr ΔaprE Δvpr ΔbprA ΔbacABC), with multiple disrupted genes, was constructed using the CRISPR-Cas9n technique. Taken together, we have developed an efficient genome editing tool based on CRISPR-Cas9n in B. licheniformis This tool could be applied to strain improvement for future research.IMPORTANCE As important industrial bacteria, Bacillus strains have attracted significant attention due to their production of biological products. However, genetic manipulation of these bacteria is difficult. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been applied to genome editing in some bacteria, and CRISPR-Cas9n was proven to be an efficient and precise tool in previous reports. The significance of our research is the development of an efficient, more precise, and systematic genome editing method for single-gene deletion, multiple-gene disruption, large DNA fragment deletion, and single-gene integration in Bacillus licheniformis via Cas9 nickase. We also applied this method to the genetic engineering of the host strain for protein expression.
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Enhancement of chitosanase secretion by Bacillus subtilis for production of chitosan oligosaccharides. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Elena C, Cerminati S, Ravasi P, Rasia R, Peiru S, Menzella HG, Castelli ME. B. cereus phospholipase C engineering for efficient degumming of vegetable oil. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Su L, Jiang Q, Yu L, Wu J. Enhanced extracellular production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli by co-expression with Bacillus cereus phospholipase C. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:24. [PMID: 28178978 PMCID: PMC5299778 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our laboratory has reported a strategy for improving the extracellular production of recombinant proteins through co-expression with Thermobifida fusca cutinase, which increases membrane permeability via its phospholipid hydrolysis activity. However, the foam generated by the lysophospholipid product makes the fermentation process difficult to control in a fermentor. Phospholipase C (PLC) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids to produce sn1,2-diacylglycerides and organic phosphate, which do not induce foam formation. Therefore, co-expression with Bacillus cereus PLC was investigated as a method to improve the extracellular production of recombinant proteins. RESULTS When B. cereus PLC was expressed in Escherichia coli without its signal peptide, 95.3% of the total PLC activity was detected in the culture supernatant. PLC expression enhanced membrane permeability without obvious cell lysis. Then, six test enzymes, three secretory and three cytosolic, were co-expressed with B. cereus PLC. The enhancement of extracellular production correlated strongly with the molecular mass of the test enzyme. Extracellular production of Streptomyces sp. FA1 xylanase (43 kDa), which had the lowest molecular mass among the secretory enzymes, was 4.0-fold that of its individual expression control. Extracellular production of glutamate decarboxylase (51 kDa), which had the lowest molecular mass among the cytosolic enzymes, reached 26.7 U/mL; 88.3% of the total activity produced. This strategy was effectively scaled up using a 3-L fermentor. No obvious foam was generated during this fermentation process. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to detail the enhanced extracellular production of recombinant proteins through co-expression with PLC. This new strategy, which is especially appropriate for lower molecular mass proteins, allows large-scale protein production in an easily controlled fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lingang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Characterization of putative virulence factors of Serratia marcescens strain SEN for pathogenesis in Spodoptera litura. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 143:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zorn K, Oroz-Guinea I, Brundiek H, Bornscheuer UT. Engineering and application of enzymes for lipid modification, an update. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:153-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Ravasi P, Braia M, Eberhardt F, Elena C, Cerminati S, Peirú S, Castelli ME, Menzella HG. High-level production of Bacillus cereus phospholipase C in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Biotechnol 2015; 216:142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Recent research progress with phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:23-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Hama S, Ogino C, Kondo A. Enzymatic synthesis and modification of structured phospholipids: recent advances in enzyme preparation and biocatalytic processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7879-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Capone S, Horvat J, Herwig C, Spadiut O. Development of a mixed feed strategy for a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain producing with a de-repression promoter. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:101. [PMID: 26156850 PMCID: PMC4561368 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant protein production in the yeast Pichia pastoris is usually based on the alcohol oxidase promoters pAOX1 and pAOX2, which are regulated by methanol and strongly repressed by other C-sources, like glycerol and glucose. However, the use of methanol brings several disadvantages, which is why current trends in bioprocess development with P. pastoris are focussing on minimizing the required amount of methanol or even avoid its employment. In this respect novel promoter systems which do not rely on methanol have been investigated and promoter variants were designed to fine-tune gene expression. Amongst these novel promoter systems, mutated AOX promoters, which are regulated by available carbon source concentration (so-called de-repressed promoters), are currently raising attention. However, the main disadvantage of such a production system is that expression and growth usually cannot happen concomitantly resulting in low space–time-yields. Results Here we show the development of a mixed-feed strategy for an industrial recombinant P. pastoris de-repression strain aiming at increased productivity and maximum space–time-yield. By doing dynamic experiments we determined a ratio between the specific substrate uptake rates of glycerol and sorbitol allowing a more than 2-fold increased productivity compared to the conventional single substrate de-repression strategy. Conclusion Based on our results we recommend adjusting qs glycerol = 0.04 g g−1 h−1 and qs sorbitol = 0.055 g g−1 h−1 to obtain highest productivity with a P. pastoris de-repression strain. Our methodological approach of designing mixed-feed strategies based on physiological strain characterization using dynamic experiments proved to be beneficial. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0292-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Capone
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jernej Horvat
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Efficient expression of nattokinase in Bacillus licheniformis: host strain construction and signal peptide optimization. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 42:287-95. [PMID: 25475755 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nattokinase (NK) possesses the potential for prevention and treatment of thrombus-related diseases. In this study, high-level expression of nattokinase was achieved in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 via host strain construction and signal peptides optimization. First, ten genes (mpr, vpr, aprX, epr, bpr, wprA, aprE, bprA, hag, amyl) encoding for eight extracellular proteases, a flagellin and an amylase were deleted to obtain B. licheniformis BL10, which showed no extracellular proteases activity in gelatin zymography. Second, the gene fragments of P43 promoter, Svpr, nattokinase and TamyL were combined into pHY300PLK to form the expression vector pP43SNT. In BL10 (pP43SNT), the fermentation activity and product activity per unit of biomass of nattokinase reached 14.33 FU/mL and 2,187.71 FU/g respectively, which increased by 39 and 156 % compared to WX-02 (pP43SNT). Last, Svpr was replaced with SsacC and SbprA, and the maximum fermentation activity (33.83 FU/mL) was achieved using SsacC, which was 229 % higher than that of WX-02 (pP43SNT). The maximum NK fermentation activity in this study reaches the commercial production level of solid state fermentation, and this study provides a promising engineered strain for industrial production of nattokinase, as well as a potential platform host for expression of other target proteins.
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Elleboudy NS, Aboulwafa MM, Hassouna NAH. Phospholipase C from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus; characterization of catalytic activity. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:860-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Bornscheuer UT. Enzymes in lipid modification: Past achievements and current trends. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry; Greifswald University; Greifswald Germany
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Nguyen TT, Quyen TD, Le HT. Cloning and enhancing production of a detergent- and organic-solvent-resistant nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis VTCC-DVN-12-01 by using an eight-protease-gene-deficient Bacillus subtilis WB800. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:79. [PMID: 24021098 PMCID: PMC3848721 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nattokinases/Subtilisins (EC 3.4.21.62) belong to the second large family of serine proteases, which gain significant attention and play important role in many biotechnology processes. Thus, a number of nattokinases/subtilisins from various Bacillus species, especially from B. subtilis strains, extensively have been investigated to understand their biochemical and physical properties as well as to improve the production for industrial application. The purpose of this study was to clone a nattokinase gene from Bacillus subtilis strain VTCC-DVN-12-01, enhance its production in B. subtilis WB800, which is deficient in eight extracellular proteases and characterize its physicochemical properties for potential application in organic synthesis and detergent production. Results A gene coding for the nattokinase (Nk) from B. subtilis strain VTCC-DVN-12-01 consisted of an ORF of 1146 nucleotides, encoding a pre-pro-protein enzyme (30-aa pre-signal peptide, 76-aa pro-peptide and 275-aa mature protein with a predicted molecular mass of 27.7 kDa and pI 6.6). The nattokinase showed 98-99% identity with other nattokinases/subtilisins from B. subtilis strains in GenBank. Nk was expressed in B. subtilis WB800 under the control of acoA promoter at a high level of 600 mg protein per liter culture medium which is highest yield of proteins expressed in any extracellular-protease-deficient B. subtilis system till date. Nk was purified to homogeneity with 3.25 fold purification, a specific activity of 12.7 U/mg, and a recovery of 54.17%. The purified Nk was identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry through three peptides, which showed 100% identity to corresponding peptides of the B. subtilis nattokinase (CAC41625). An optimal activity for Nk was observed at 65°C and pH 9. The nattokinase was stable at temperature up to 50°C and in pH range of 5–11 and retained more than 85% of its initial activity after incubation for 1 h. Mg2+ activated Nk up to 162% of its activity. The addition of Triton X-100, Tween 20, and Tween 80 showed an activation of Nk up to 141% of its initial activity but SDS strongly inhibited. The enzyme was highly resistant to organic solvents. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that an eight-protease-gene-deficient Bacillus subtilis WB800 could overproduce the nattokinase from B. subtilis VTCC-DVN-12-01. Due to high resistance to detergents and organic solvents of this nattokinase, it could be potentially applied in organic synthesis and detergent production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Distr, Caugiay, Hanoi 10600, Vietnam.
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Biermann U, Bornscheuer U, Meier MAR, Metzger JO, Schäfer HJ. Oils and Fats as Renewable Raw Materials in Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3854-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 775] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Biermann U, Bornscheuer U, Meier MAR, Metzger JO, Schäfer HJ. Fette und Öle als nachwachsende Rohstoffe in der Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Durban MA, Bornscheuer UT. An improved assay for the determination of phospholipase C activity. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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