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Guo T, Pan K, Chen Y, Tian Y, Deng J, Li J. When aerobic granular sludge faces emerging contaminants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167792. [PMID: 37838059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of emerging contaminants (ECs) has caused greater requirements and challenges to the current biological wastewater treatment technology. As one of the most promising biological treatment technologies, the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process also faces the challenge of ECs. This study summarizes the recent progress and characteristics of several representative ECs (persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals, antibiotics, and microplastics) in AGS systems that have garnered widespread attention. Additionally, the biodegradation and adsorption mechanisms of ECs were discussed, and the interactions between various ECs and AGS was elucidated. The importance of extracellular polymeric substances for the stabilization of AGS and the removal of ECs is also discussed. Knowledge gaps and future research directions that may enable the practical application of AGS are highlighted. Overall, AGS processes show great application potential and this review provides guidance for the future implementation of AGS technology as well as elucidating the mechanism of its interaction with ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Lu D, Gong H, Diao S, Shi W, Yin R, Dai X. Enhanced sludge settlement of two stage PN/Anammox for reject water treatment with respective diatomite addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162784. [PMID: 36906019 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential of diatomite addition in enhancing sludge settlement of two-stage PN/Anammox for real reject water treatment, with a focus on sludge settling velocity, nitrogen removal capacity, sludge morphological features, and microbial community changes. The study found that diatomite addition significantly improved the sludge settleability of the two-stage PN/A process, resulting in a decrease in sludge volume index (SVI) from 70 to 80 mL/g to about 20-30 mL/g for both PN and Anammox sludge, although the sludge-diatomite interaction differed between the two types of sludge. In the PN sludge, diatomite acted as a carrier, while in the Anammox sludge, it acted as micro-nuclei. The addition of diatomite also increased the biomass amounts in the PN reactor, with a 5-29 % improvement attributed to its role as a biofilm carrier. The effects of diatomite addition on sludge settleability were more prominent at high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), where sludge characteristics were deteriorated. Furthermore, the settling rate of the experimental group consistently exceeded that of the blank group after diatomite addition, with a significant decrease in SV. The relative abundance of Anammox bacteria was improved, and sludge particle size decreased in the diatomite-added Anammox reactor. Diatomite was effectively retained in both reactors, with less loss observed for Anammox than PN due to its more tightly wrapped structure, resulting in a stronger sludge-diatomite interaction. Overall, the results of this study suggest that diatomite addition has potential in enhancing the settling properties and performance of two-stage PN/Anammox for real reject water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electric Power University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hui Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Siyuan Diao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electric Power University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electric Power University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruihong Yin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electric Power University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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3
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Wang Q, Yang Y, Shen Q, Chen X, Li F, Wang J, Zhang Z, Lei Z, Yuan T, Shimizu K. Energy saving and rapid establishment of granular microalgae system from tiny microalgae cells: Effect of decrease in upflow air velocity under intermittent aeration condition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127860. [PMID: 36041681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The novel type of microalgae granules (MGs) derived from tiny microalgae cells has received extensive attention due to its great potential for nutrient remediation and resource recovery in wastewater treatment whereas the long start-up time with increased labor expenses remains a bottleneck. In this study, an operation strategy at reduced upflow air velocity (UAV = 0.49 cm/s in RA) under intermittent aeration mode was proposed and compared with RB at a higher UAV (0.98 cm/s) in terms of MGs formation, maintenance, and energy consumption. Although the formation of MGs in RA was delayed for 12 days compared to RB, 40.78 % increase in chlorophyll-a content was detected in MGs in RA along with more cost-effective carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removals due to efficient microalgae assimilation and energy reduction. Results from this study provide new insight into minimizing energy input for rapid establishment and stable operation of MG systems towards environmentally sustainable wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuyi Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Qingyue Shen
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Fengmin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Tian Yuan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Oura-gun Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
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Wang F, Wu Y, Du W, Shao Q, Huang W, Fang S, Cheng X, Cao J, Luo J. How does the polyhexamethylene guanidine interact with waste activated sludge and affect the metabolic functions in anaerobic fermentation for volatile fatty acids production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156329. [PMID: 35654193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial agents are frequently used to ensure public hygiene. Most of the massively consumed chemicals are discarded and accumulated in waste activated sludge (WAS), which might influence the subsequent anaerobic fermentation process for WAS treatment. This study mainly investigated the impacts of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG, considered as a safe and efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent) on the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production derived from WAS anaerobic fermentation and disclosed the key mechanisms. Results demonstrated that low level of PHMG evidently increased the VFAs accumulation as well as the acetic acid proportion, while the excessive dose posed evident negative effects. Further analysis found that appropriate PHMG synchronously stimulated the solubilization/hydrolysis and acidification processes but inhibited methanogenesis. Mechanistic exploration revealed that PHMG firstly absorbed on WAS due to electric attraction but then interacted with WAS to promote extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) disintegration and organics release (especially proteinaceous matter). Moreover, PHMG affected the microbial community structure and metabolic functions. The low level of PHMG evidently enriched functional VFAs producers (i.e., Desulfobulbus, Macellibacteroides and Sporanaerobacter) and upregulated the critical genes expression responsible for substrates metabolism (particularly the proteins) and VFAs biosynthesis (i.e., aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (K00128) and molybdopterin oxidoreductase (K00184)). This study provides an in-depth understanding of emerging pollutant impacts on WAS fermentation and provides insightful guidance on WAS disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qianqi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiaoshi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, China.
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5
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Shuai J, Hu X, Wang B, Lyu W, Chen R, Guo W, Wang H, Zhou D. Response of aerobic sludge to AHL-mediated QS: Granulation, simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Hamiruddin NA, Awang NA, Mohd Shahpudin SN, Zaidi NS, Said MAM, Chaplot B, Azamathulla HM. Effects of wastewater type on stability and operating conditions control strategy in relation to the formation of aerobic granular sludge - a review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2113-2130. [PMID: 34810301 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, research trends on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) have integrated the operating conditions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) towards the stability of AGS systems in various types of wastewater with different physical and biochemical characteristics. More attention is given to the stability of the AGS system for real site applications. Although recent studies have reported comprehensively the mechanism of AGS formation and stability in relation to other intermolecular interactions such as microbial distribution, shock loading and toxicity, standard operating condition control strategies for different types of wastewater have not yet been discussed. Thus, the dimensional multi-layer structural model of AGS is discussed comprehensively in the first part of this review paper, focusing on diameter size, thickness variability of each layer and diffusion factor. This can assist in facilitating the interrelation between disposition and stability of AGS structure to correspond to the changes in wastewater types, which is the main objective and novelty of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hamiruddin
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - N A Awang
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - S N Mohd Shahpudin
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - N S Zaidi
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - M A M Said
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - B Chaplot
- Department of Geography, M.J.K College, Bettiah, a constituent unit of B.R.A., Bihar University, Bettiah, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - H M Azamathulla
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad
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7
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Lyu W, Song Q, Shi J, Wang H, Wang B, Hu X. Weak magnetic field affected microbial communities and function in the A/O/A sequencing batch reactors for enhanced aerobic granulation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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van den Berg L, Kirkland CM, Seymour JD, Codd SL, van Loosdrecht MCM, de Kreuk MK. Heterogeneous diffusion in aerobic granular sludge. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3809-3819. [PMID: 32725888 PMCID: PMC7818175 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology allows simultaneous nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon removal in compact wastewater treatment processes. To operate, design, and model AGS reactors, it is essential to properly understand the diffusive transport within the granules. In this study, diffusive mass transfer within full‐scale and lab‐scale AGS was characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Self‐diffusion coefficients of water inside the granules were determined with pulsed‐field gradient NMR, while the granule structure was visualized with NMR imaging. A reaction‐diffusion granule‐scale model was set up to evaluate the impact of heterogeneous diffusion on granule performance. The self‐diffusion coefficient of water in AGS was ∼70% of the self‐diffusion coefficient of free water. There was no significant difference between self‐diffusion in AGS from full‐scale treatment plants and from lab‐scale reactors. The results of the model showed that diffusional heterogeneity did not lead to a major change of flux into the granule (<1%). This study shows that differences between granular sludges and heterogeneity within granules have little impact on the kinetic properties of AGS. Thus, a relatively simple approach is sufficient to describe mass transport by diffusion into the granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenno van den Berg
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Kirkland
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.,Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Joseph D Seymour
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Sarah L Codd
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | | | - Merle K de Kreuk
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Abouhend AS, Milferstedt K, Hamelin J, Ansari AA, Butler C, Carbajal-González BI, Park C. Growth Progression of Oxygenic Photogranules and Its Impact on Bioactivity for Aeration-Free Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:486-496. [PMID: 31790233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photogranules (OPGs), spherical aggregates comprised of phototrophic and nonphototrophic microorganisms, treat wastewater without aeration, which currently incurs the highest energy demand in wastewater treatment. In wastewater-treatment reactors, photogranules grow in number as well as in size. Currently, it is unknown how the photogranules grow in size and how the growth impacts their properties and performance in wastewater treatment. Here, we present that the photogranules' growth occurs with changes in phototrophic community and granular morphology. We observed that as the photogranules grow larger, filamentous cyanobacteria become enriched while other phototrophic microbes diminish significantly. The photogranules greater than 3 mm in diameter showed the development of a layered structure in which a concentric filamentous cyanobacterial layer encloses noncyanobacterial aggregates. We observed that the growth of photogranules significantly impacts their capability of producing oxygen, the key element in OPG wastewater treatment. Among seven size classes investigated in this study, photogranules in the 0.5-1 mm size group showed the highest specific oxygen production rate (SOPR), 21.9 ± 1.3 mg O2/g VSS-h, approximately 75% greater than the SOPR of mixed photogranular biomass. We discuss engineering the OPG process based on photogranules' size, promoting the stability of the granular process and enhancing efficiency for self-aerating wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abouhend
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | | | - Abeera A Ansari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Caitlyn Butler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Blanca I Carbajal-González
- Science Center Microscopy Facility, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, United States
| | - Chul Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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10
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Rusanowska P, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Świątczak P, Wojnowska-Baryła I. Changes in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content and composition in aerobic granule size-fractions during reactor cycles at different organic loads. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:188-193. [PMID: 30340184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically investigate the effect of organic loading on granule diameters, and on the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in granules in various size-fractions at the beginning and end of the cycle of granular sludge sequencing batch reactor (GSBR). The organic loadings were 0.78 kg COD/(m3·d) (GSBR1), 1.16 kg COD/(m3·d) (GSBR2) and 1.53 kg COD/(m3·d) (GSBR3). Granules with a diameter of 0.5-1 mm had the most stable EPS content and composition. The smallest granules had the largest amount of bound EPS. The amount of loosely-bound EPS increased as granule diameters decreased; it was lowest in the famine phase at end of the cycle. The proteins/polysaccharides ratio decreased below 1 only in soluble EPS in the famine period. In GSBR1, granules with a diameter <0.5 mm predominated, and the increase in soluble EPS at end of the cycle was most substantial resulting in the lowest COD removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Rusanowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
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11
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Xu J, He J, Wang M, Li L. Cultivation and stable operation of aerobic granular sludge at low temperature by sieving out the batt-like sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:1219-1227. [PMID: 30223338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granules were successfully cultivated at 10 °C with relatively low strength substrate. Stable granules coexisted with the batt-like sludge (BLS) were obtained in 60 days. After removing the BLS, nutrient removal performance was greatly improved and stable removal efficiencies of 99% phosphorous, 98% ammonia and 60% TN were achieved. The bacterial community structure revealed that it was an unclassified-Comamonadaceae genus dominant in the BLS, which represented for low relative abundance in mature granules. Overgrowth of unclassified-Comamonadaceae genus was considered to be the key factor for inhibiting the performance of granules. The final configuration of granules was dominated by DPAO genus Flavobacterium and polysaccharide nutritional genus Chryseolinea. This study showed that stable aerobic granules with superior performance under low temperature could be successfully cultivated by sieving out the BLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Junguo He
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Mengfei Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
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12
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Xu H, Wang C, Yan K, Wu J, Zuo J, Wang K. Anaerobic granule-based biofilms formation reduces propionate accumulation under high H2 partial pressure using conductive carbon felt particles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:677-683. [PMID: 27289059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Syngas based co-digestion is not only more economically attractive than separate syngas methanation but also able to upgrade biogas and increase overall CH4 amount simultaneously. However, high H2 concentration in the syngas could inhibit syntrophic degradation of propionate, resulting in propionate accumulation and even failure of the co-digestion system. In an attempt to reduce propionate accumulation via enhancing both H2 interspecies transfer (HIT) and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) pathways, layered granule-based biofilms induced by conductive carbon felt particles (CCFP) was employed. The results showed that propionate accumulation was effectively reduced with influent COD load up to 7gL(-1)d(-1). Two types of granule-based biofilms, namely biofilm adhered to CCFP (B-CCFP) and granules formed by self-immobilization (B-SI) were formed in the reactor. Clostridium, Syntrophobacter, Methanospirillum were possibly involved in HIT and Clostridium, Geobacter, Anaerolineaceae, Methanosaeta in DIET, both of which might be responsible for the high-rate propionate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kun Yan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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13
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Wang J, Qian F, Liu X, Liu W, Wang S, Shen Y. Cultivation and characteristics of partial nitrification granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor inoculated with heterotrophic granules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9381-9391. [PMID: 27557719 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a simple operation strategy for the cultivation of partial nitrification granules (PNGs) treating an autotrophic medium. For this strategy, aerobic granular sludge adapted to high concentration organics removal was seeded in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a height/diameter ratio of 3.8, and the ratio of organics to the ammonia nitrogen-loading rate (C/N ratio) in the influent was employed as the main control parameter to start up the partial nitrification process. After 86 days of operation, the nitrite accumulation rate reached 1.44 kg/(m3 day) in the SBR, and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) was over 95 %. The PNGs showed a dense and compact structure, with an excellent settling ability, a typical extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition, and a high ammonia oxidation activity. The high-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that the microbial community structure in the granules was significantly influenced by the C/N ratio, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), including the r-strategist Nitrosomonas and k-strategist Nitrosospira genre, which accounted for approximately 40 % of the total biomass at the end of operation. The effective suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) growth was attributed to oxygen competition on the granular surface among functional bacteria, as well as the high free ammonia or free nitrous acid concentrations during the aeration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Tianping, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 55 Changjiang Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyue Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenru Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Tijani HI, Abdullah N, Yuzir A, Ujang Z. Rheological and fractal hydrodynamics of aerobic granules. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 186:276-285. [PMID: 25836036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The structural and hydrodynamic features for granules were characterized using settling experiments, predefined mathematical simulations and ImageJ-particle analyses. This study describes the rheological characterization of these biologically immobilized aggregates under non-Newtonian flows. The second order dimensional analysis defined as D2=1.795 for native clusters and D2=1.099 for dewatered clusters and a characteristic three-dimensional fractal dimension of 2.46 depicts that these relatively porous and differentially permeable fractals had a structural configuration in close proximity with that described for a compact sphere formed via cluster-cluster aggregation. The three-dimensional fractal dimension calculated via settling-fractal correlation, U∝l(D) to characterize immobilized granules validates the quantitative measurements used for describing its structural integrity and aggregate complexity. These results suggest that scaling relationships based on fractal geometry are vital for quantifying the effects of different laminar conditions on the aggregates' morphology and characteristics such as density, porosity, and projected surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Tijani
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - N Abdullah
- Palm Oil Research Center, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - A Yuzir
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Zaini Ujang
- Ministry of Education Malaysia, Blok E8, Kompleks E, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62604 Putrajaya, Malaysia.
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15
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Yang YC, Liu X, Wan C, Sun S, Lee DJ. Accelerated aerobic granulation using alternating feed loadings: alginate-like exopolysaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:360-366. [PMID: 25218208 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alginate-like exopolysaccharides (ALE) likely contribute markedly to strength of aerobic granules. This study cultivated aerobic granules from propionate wastewaters using strategies with different organic loading rates (OLRs) (4.4-17.4 kg/m(3)-d). When the OLR increased suddenly, the constituent cells (Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Thauera and Arthrobacter) were stimulated to secret extracellular cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) and produced excess ALE, which formed a large quantity of sticky materials that served as the precursor of aerobic granules. Formation of excess ALE was the prerequisite for accelerated granulation. Conversely, this study observed no enrichment of poly guluronic acid blocks in ALE during granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chun Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Supu Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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16
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Albenberg L, Esipova TV, Judge CP, Bittinger K, Chen J, Laughlin A, Grunberg S, Baldassano RN, Lewis JD, Li H, Thom SR, Bushman FD, Vinogradov SA, Wu GD. Correlation between intraluminal oxygen gradient and radial partitioning of intestinal microbiota. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:1055-63.e8. [PMID: 25046162 PMCID: PMC4252572 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The gut microbiota is a complex and densely populated community in a dynamic environment determined by host physiology. We investigated how intestinal oxygen levels affect the composition of the fecal and mucosally adherent microbiota. METHODS We used the phosphorescence quenching method and a specially designed intraluminal oxygen probe to dynamically quantify gut luminal oxygen levels in mice. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota in intestines of mice exposed to hyperbaric oxygen, human rectal biopsy and mucosal swab samples, and paired human stool samples. RESULTS Average Po2 values in the lumen of the cecum were extremely low (<1 mm Hg). In altering oxygenation of mouse intestines, we observed that oxygen diffused from intestinal tissue and established a radial gradient that extended from the tissue interface into the lumen. Increasing tissue oxygenation with hyperbaric oxygen altered the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. In human beings, 16S ribosomal RNA gene analyses showed an increased proportion of oxygen-tolerant organisms of the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla associated with rectal mucosa, compared with feces. A consortium of asaccharolytic bacteria of the Firmicute and Bacteroidetes phyla, which primarily metabolize peptones and amino acids, was associated primarily with mucus. This could be owing to the presence of proteinaceous substrates provided by mucus and the shedding of the intestinal epithelium. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of intestinal microbiota of mice and human beings, we observed a radial gradient of microbes linked to the distribution of oxygen and nutrients provided by host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Albenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - TV Esipova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - CP Judge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K Bittinger
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - J Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - A Laughlin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - S Grunberg
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - RN Baldassano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - JD Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - H Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - SR Thom
- Dept. of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - FD Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - SA Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Correspondence: Gary D, Wu, MD, 915 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Tel: 215-898-0158, Fax: 215-573-2024, , Sergei A. Vinogradov, PhD, 1013 Stellar-Chance Bldg., 422 Curie Blvd., Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Tel: 215-573-7524,
| | - GD Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Correspondence: Gary D, Wu, MD, 915 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Tel: 215-898-0158, Fax: 215-573-2024, , Sergei A. Vinogradov, PhD, 1013 Stellar-Chance Bldg., 422 Curie Blvd., Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Tel: 215-573-7524,
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Lv Y, Wan C, Lee DJ, Liu X, Tay JH. Microbial communities of aerobic granules: granulation mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:344-351. [PMID: 25063977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granulation is an advanced biological wastewater treatment technology. This study for the first time identified the microbial communities of sliced samples of mature granules by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique and those of whole growing granules by high-throughput sequencing technique. The sliced sample study revealed that mature granules have a spherical core with anaerobic Rhodocyclaceae covered by an outer spherical shell with both aerobic and anaerobic strains. The growing granule study showed that the flocculated flocs were first transited to young granules with increased abundances of Flavobacteriaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae and Microbacteriaceae, then the abundances of anaerobic strains were increased owing to the formation of anaerobic core. Since the present granules were cultivated from flocculated flocs, the microbial community data suggested that granules were formed via a deterministic rather than via a random aggregation-disintegration mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lv
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Joo-Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Liu Y, Cheng X, Lun X, Sun D. CH4 emission and conversion from A2O and SBR processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:224-230. [PMID: 24649710 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment systems are important anthropogenic sources of CH4 emission. A full-scale experiment was carried out to monitor the CH4 emission from anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process (A20) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for one year from May 2011 to April 2012. The main emission unit of the A2O process was an oxic tank, accounting for 76.2% of CH4 emissions; the main emission unit of the SBR process was the feeding and aeration phase, accounting for 99.5% of CH4 emissions. CH4 can be produced in the anaerobic condition, such as in the primary settling tank and anaerobic tank of the A2O process. While CH4 can be consumed in anoxic denitrification or the aeration condition, such as in the anoxic tank and oxic tank of the A2O process and the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4 emission flux and the dissolved CH4 concentration rapidly decreased in the oxic tank of the A2O process. These metrics increased during the first half of the phase and then decreased during the latter half of the phase in the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4 oxidation rate ranged from 32.47% to 89.52% (mean: 67.96%) in the A2O process and from 12.65% to 88.31% (mean: 47.62%) in the SBR process. The mean CH4 emission factors were 0.182 g/ton of wastewater and 24.75 g CH4/(person x year) for the A2O process, and 0.457 g/ton of wastewater and 36.55 g CH4/(person x year) for the SBR process.
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19
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Aerobic Granulation: Advances and Challenges. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:1622-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Wei Y, Ji M, Li R, Qin F. Organic and nitrogen removal from landfill leachate in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:448-455. [PMID: 22079252 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Granule sequencing batch reactors (GSBR) were established for landfill leachate treatment, and the COD removal was analyzed kinetically using a modified model. Results showed that COD removal rate decreased as influent ammonium concentration increasing. Characteristics of nitrogen removal at different influent ammonium levels were also studied. When the ammonium concentration in the landfill leachate was 366 mg L(-1), the dominant nitrogen removal process in the GSBR was simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). Under the ammonium concentration of 788 mg L(-1), nitrite accumulation occurred and the accumulated nitrite was reduced to nitrogen gas by the shortcut denitrification process. When the influent ammonium increased to a higher level of 1105 mg L(-1), accumulation of nitrite and nitrate lasted in the whole cycle, and the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and ammonium decreased to only 35.0% and 39.3%, respectively. Results also showed that DO was a useful process controlling parameter for the organics and nitrogen removal at low ammonium input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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21
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Zhang H, Dong F, Jiang T, Wei Y, Wang T, Yang F. Aerobic granulation with low strength wastewater at low aeration rate in A/O/A SBR reactor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:215-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Adav SS, Lee DJ. Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from phenol degrading aerobic granules. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Liu L, Sheng GP, Liu ZF, Li WW, Zeng RJ, Lee DJ, Liu JX, Yu HQ. Characterization of multiporous structure and oxygen transfer inside aerobic granules with the percolation model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:8535-40. [PMID: 20964290 DOI: 10.1021/es102437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of aerobic granules for wastewater treatment are greatly related to their complex internal structure. However, due to the limitation of characterizing methods, information about the granule internal morphology and structure is very sparse, and mechanism of mass transfer process is yet unclear. In this work, the internal structure of aerobic granules was explored using nitrogen adsorption method and confocal laser scanning microscopy technique. It was found that aerobic granules had multiporous structure with cross-linked gel matrix structure. With a consideration of the hydrodynamic regime and the porous structure of granules, a two-dimensional percolation model was established to describe the mass transfer in granules. With the approaches, interesting and useful results regarding the pore distribution and mass transfer in aerobic granules have been obtained. The results demonstrate that the intragranule convection could enhance mass transfer, hence ensure an efficient and stable operation of aerobic-granule-based reactors. Such approaches might also be applicable to characterizing the multiporous structure and mass transfer of other microbial aggregates for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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Lee DJ, Chen YY, Show KY, Whiteley CG, Tay JH. Advances in aerobic granule formation and granule stability in the course of storage and reactor operation. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:919-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Liu L, Li WW, Sheng GP, Liu ZF, Zeng RJ, Liu JX, Yu HQ, Lee DJ. Microscale hydrodynamic analysis of aerobic granules in the mass transfer process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7555-7560. [PMID: 20839859 DOI: 10.1021/es1021608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The internal structure of aerobic granules has a significant impact on the hydrodynamic performance and mass transfer process, and severely affects the efficiency and stability of granules-based reactors for wastewater treatment. In this study, for the first time the granule complex structure was correlated with the hydrodynamic performance and substrates reactions process. First, a series of multiple fluorescence stained confocal laser scanning microscopy images of aerobic granules were obtained. Then, the form and structure of the entire granule was reconstructed. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics study was carried out for the hydrodynamic analysis. Two different models were developed on the basis of different fluorescence stained confocal laser scanning microscopy images to elucidate the roles of the granule structure in the hydrodynamic and mass transfer processes of aerobic granules. The fluid flow behavior, such as the velocity profiles, the pathlines and hence the hydrodynamic drag force, exerted on the granule in a Newtonian fluid, was studied by varying the Reynolds number. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of dissolved nutrients (e.g., oxygen) was acquired by solving the convection-diffusion equations on the basis of the reconstructed granule structure. This study demonstrates that the reconstructed granule model could offer a better understanding to the mass transfer process of aerobic granules than simply considering the granule structure to be homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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26
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Adav SS, Lin JCT, Yang Z, Whiteley CG, Lee DJ, Peng XF, Zhang ZP. Stereological assessment of extracellular polymeric substances, exo-enzymes, and specific bacterial strains in bioaggregates using fluorescence experiments. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:255-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Bao R, Yu S, Shi W, Zhang X, Wang Y. Aerobic granules formation and nutrients removal characteristics in sequencing batch airlift reactor (SBAR) at low temperature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 168:1334-1340. [PMID: 19361923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect of low temperature on the formation of aerobic granules and their nutrient removal characteristics, an aerobic granular sequencing batch airlift reactor (SBAR) has been operated at 10 degrees C using a mixed carbon source of glucose and sodium acetate. The results showed that aerobic granules were obtained and that the reactor performed in stable manner under the applied conditions. The granules had a compact structure and a clear out-surface. The average parameters of the granules were: diameter 3.4mm, wet density 1.036 g mL(-1), sludge volume index 37 mL g(-1), and settling velocity 18.6-65.1 cm min(-1). Nitrite accumulation was observed, with a nitrite accumulation rate (NO(2)(-)-N/NO(x)(-)-N) between 35% and 43% at the beginning of the start-up stage. During the stable stage, NO(x) was present at a level below the detection limit. However, when the influent COD concentration was halved (resulting in COD/N a reduction of the COD/N from 20:1 to 10:1) nitrite accumulation was observed once more with an effluent nitrite accumulation rate of 94.8%. Phosphorus release was observed in the static feeding phase and also during the initial 20-30 min of the aerobic phase. Neither the low temperature nor adjustment of the COD/P ratio from 100:1 to 25:1 had any influence on the phosphorus removal efficiency under the operating conditions. In the granular reactor with the influent load rates for COD, NH(4)(+)-N, and PO(4)(3-)-P of 1.2-2.4, 0.112 and 0.012-0.024 kg m(-3)d(-1), the respective removal efficiencies at low temperature were 90.6-95.4%, 72.8-82.1% and 95.8-97.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin University of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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28
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Lee CC, Lee DJ, Lai JY. Labeling enzymes and extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic granules. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Physical and hydrodynamic properties of aerobic granules produced in sequencing batch reactors. Sep Purif Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Li Y, Liu Y, Shen L, Chen F. DO diffusion profile in aerobic granule and its microbiological implications. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Adav SS, Lee DJ, Show KY, Tay JH. Aerobic granular sludge: Recent advances. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:411-23. [PMID: 18573633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Haegeman B, Rapaport A. How flocculation can explain coexistence in the chemostat. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2008; 2:1-13. [PMID: 22876841 DOI: 10.1080/17513750801942537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study a chemostat model in which two microbial species grow on a single resource. We show that species coexistence is possible when the species which would normally win the exclusive competition aggregates in flocs. Our mathematical analysis exploits the fact that flocculation is fast compared to biological growth, a common hypothesis in floc models. A numerical study shows the validity of this approach in a large parameter range. We indicate how our model yields a mechanistic justification for the so-called density-dependent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haegeman
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, INRA, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
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