1
|
She J, Fu L, Zheng X, Li J, Wang L, Yu B, Ju J. Characterization of a new L-carnosine synthase mined from deep-sea sediment metagenome. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:129. [PMID: 35761267 PMCID: PMC9235088 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01854-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Carnosine is a natural biologically active dipeptide with critical physiological functions, such as antioxidant, antiglycation, and cytoplasmic buffering properties. Direct enzymatic synthesis is a promising way for L-carnosine production. In this study, a new aminopeptidase (gene_236976) with synthetic activity toward L-carnosine was identified by a metagenome mining approach from deep-sea sediment and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme shared a low identity of 14.3% with reported L-carnosine dipeptidase (SmPepD) from Serratia marcescens. β-Alanine methyl ester was proven to be the best substrate for the synthesis, and no ATP was needed for the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme activity was increased by structure-guided rational design. Only the mutant of G310 site gave positive results, and G310A mutant showed the best performance among the site-direct saturation mutagenesis, indicating that the additional CH3 group of mutant G310A was the main factor affecting the enzymatic activity. The engineered enzyme produced about 10 mM L-carnosine was produced from substrates of 50 mM β-alanine methyl ester and 50 mM L-histidine, under a tentatively optimized condition. This study enriched the enzyme resources for developing the microbial synthesis process of L-carnosine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia She
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lihong Fu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiansong Ju
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China. .,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
John-White M, Gardiner J, Johanesen P, Lyras D, Dumsday G. β-Aminopeptidases: Insight into Enzymes without a Known Natural Substrate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e00318-19. [PMID: 31126950 PMCID: PMC6643246 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00318-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Aminopeptidases have the unique capability to hydrolyze N-terminal β-amino acids, with varied preferences for the nature of β-amino acid side chains. This unique capability makes them useful as biocatalysts for synthesis of β-peptides and to kinetically resolve β-peptides and amides for the production of enantiopure β-amino acids. To date, six β-aminopeptidases have been discovered and functionally characterized, five from Gram-negative bacteria and one from a fungus, Aspergillus Here we report on the purification and characterization of an additional four β-aminopeptidases, one from a Gram-positive bacterium, Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (BapAMs), one from a yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica (BapAYlip), and two from Gram-negative bacteria isolated from activated sludge identified as Burkholderia spp. (BapABcA5 and BapABcC1). The genes encoding β-aminopeptidases were cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified. The β-aminopeptidases were produced as inactive preproteins that underwent self-cleavage to form active enzymes comprised of two different subunits. The subunits, designated α and β, appeared to be tightly associated, as the active enzyme was recovered after immobilized-metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) purification, even though only the α-subunit was 6-histidine tagged. The enzymes were shown to hydrolyze chromogenic substrates with the N-terminal l-configurations β-homo-Gly (βhGly) and β3-homo-Leu (β3hLeu) with high activities. These enzymes displayed higher activity with H-βhGly-p-nitroanilide (H-βhGly-pNA) than previously characterized enzymes from other microorganisms. These data indicate that the new β-aminopeptidases are fully functional, adding to the toolbox of enzymes that could be used to produce β-peptides. Overexpression studies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa also showed that the β-aminopeptidases may play a role in some cellular functions.IMPORTANCE β-Aminopeptidases are unique enzymes found in a diverse range of microorganisms that can utilize synthetic β-peptides as a sole carbon source. Six β-aminopeptidases have been previously characterized with preferences for different β-amino acid substrates and have demonstrated the capability to catalyze not only the degradation of synthetic β-peptides but also the synthesis of short β-peptides. Identification of other β-aminopeptidases adds to this toolbox of enzymes with differing β-amino acid substrate preferences and kinetics. These enzymes have the potential to be utilized in the sustainable manufacture of β-amino acid derivatives and β-peptides for use in biomedical and biomaterial applications. This is important, because β-amino acids and β-peptides confer increased proteolytic resistance to bioactive compounds and form novel structures as well as structures similar to α-peptides. The discovery of new enzymes will also provide insight into the biological importance of these enzymes in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta John-White
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Priscilla Johanesen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Bo G, Gall MAY, Kitching MO, Kuschel S, Leigh DA, Tetlow DJ, Ward JW. Sequence-Specific β-Peptide Synthesis by a Rotaxane-Based Molecular Machine. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10875-10879. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume De Bo
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm A. Y. Gall
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew O. Kitching
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Kuschel
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Tetlow
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - John W. Ward
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
John-White M, Dumsday GJ, Johanesen P, Lyras D, Drinkwater N, McGowan S. Crystal structure of a β-aminopeptidase from an Australian Burkholderia sp. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:386-392. [PMID: 28695846 PMCID: PMC5505242 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17007737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Aminopeptidases are a unique group of enzymes that have the unusual capability to hydrolyze N-terminal β-amino acids from synthetic β-peptides. β-Peptides can form secondary structures mimicking α-peptide-like structures that are resistant to degradation by most known proteases and peptidases. These characteristics of β-peptides give them great potential as peptidomimetics. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of BcA5-BapA, a β-aminopeptidase from a Gram-negative Burkholderia sp. that was isolated from activated sludge from a wastewater-treatment plant in Australia, is reported. The crystal structure of BcA5-BapA was determined to a resolution of 2.0 Å and showed a tetrameric assembly typical of the β-aminopeptidases. Each monomer consists of an α-subunit (residues 1-238) and a β-subunit (residues 239-367). Comparison of the structure of BcA5-BapA with those of other known β-aminopeptidases shows a highly conserved structure and suggests a similar proteolytic mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta John-White
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Manufacturing, CSIRO, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Priscilla Johanesen
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nyssa Drinkwater
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sheena McGowan
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang PSP, Schepartz A. β-Peptide bundles: Design. Build. Analyze. Biosynthesize. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7420-32. [PMID: 27146019 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptides containing β-amino acids are unique non-natural polymers known to assemble into protein-like tertiary and quaternary structures. When composed solely of β-amino acids, the structures formed, defined assemblies of 14-helices called β-peptide bundles, fold cooperatively in water solvent into unique and discrete quaternary assemblies that are highly thermostable, bind complex substrates and metal ion cofactors, and, in certain cases, catalyze chemical reactions. In this Perspective, we recount the design and elaboration of β-peptide bundles and provide an outlook on recent, unexpected discoveries that could influence research on β-peptides and β-peptide bundles (and β-amino acid-containing proteins) for decades to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pam S P Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hiraishi T. Poly(aspartic acid) (PAA) hydrolases and PAA biodegradation: current knowledge and impact on applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1623-1630. [PMID: 26695157 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermally synthesized poly(aspartic acid) (tPAA) is a bio-based, biocompatible, biodegradable, and water-soluble polymer that has a high proportion of β-Asp units and equivalent moles of D- and L-Asp units. Poly(aspartic acid) (PAA) hydrolase-1 and hydrolase-2 are tPAA biodegradation enzymes purified from Gram-negative bacteria. PAA hydrolase-1 selectively cleaves amide bonds between β-Asp units via an endo-type process, whereas PAA hydrolase-2 catalyzes the exo-type hydrolysis of the products of tPAA hydrolysis by PAA hydrolase-1. The novel reactivity of PAA hydrolase-1 makes it a good candidate for a biocatalyst in β-peptide synthesis. This mini-review gives an overview of PAA hydrolases with emphasis on their biochemical and functional properties, in particular, PAA hydrolase-1. Functionally related enzymes, such as poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerases and β-aminopeptidases, are compared to PAA hydrolases. This mini-review also provides findings that offer an insight into the catalytic mechanisms of PAA hydrolase-1 from Pedobacter sp. KP-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hiraishi
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Bioplastic Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hiraishi T, Abe H, Maeda M. Substrate stereoselectivity of poly(Asp) hydrolase-1 capable of cleaving β-amide bonds as revealed by investigation of enzymatic hydrolysis of stereoisomeric β-tri(Asp)s. AMB Express 2015; 5:118. [PMID: 26054734 PMCID: PMC4456602 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-015-0118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that poly(Asp) hydrolase-1 (PahZ1KP-2) from Pedobacter sp. KP-2 selectively, but not completely, cleaved the amide bonds between β-Asp units in thermally synthesized poly(Asp) (tPAA). In the present study, the enzymatic hydrolysis of stereoisomeric β-tri(Asp)s by PahZ1KP-2 was investigated to clarify the substrate stereoselectivity of PahZ1KP-2 in the hydrolysis of tPAA. The results suggest the following structural features of PahZ1KP-2 at its substrate binding site: (1) the active site contains four subsites (2, 1, −1, and −2), three of which need to be occupied by Asp units for cleavage to occur; (2) for the hydrolysis to proceed, subsite 1 should be occupied by an l-Asp unit, whereas the other three subsites may accept both l- and d-Asp units; (3) for the two central subsites between which cleavage occurs, the (l-Asp)-(d-Asp) sequence is the most favorable for cleavage.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) was discovered in 1900 as an abundant non-protein nitrogen-containing compound of meat. The dipeptide is not only found in skeletal muscle, but also in other excitable tissues. Most animals, except humans, also possess a methylated variant of carnosine, either anserine or ophidine/balenine, collectively called the histidine-containing dipeptides. This review aims to decipher the physiological roles of carnosine, based on its biochemical properties. The latter include pH-buffering, metal-ion chelation, and antioxidant capacity as well as the capacity to protect against formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end-products. For these reasons, the therapeutic potential of carnosine supplementation has been tested in numerous diseases in which ischemic or oxidative stress are involved. For several pathologies, such as diabetes and its complications, ocular disease, aging, and neurological disorders, promising preclinical and clinical results have been obtained. Also the pathophysiological relevance of serum carnosinase, the enzyme actively degrading carnosine into l-histidine and β-alanine, is discussed. The carnosine system has evolved as a pluripotent solution to a number of homeostatic challenges. l-Histidine, and more specifically its imidazole moiety, appears to be the prime bioactive component, whereas β-alanine is mainly regulating the synthesis of the dipeptide. This paper summarizes a century of scientific exploration on the (patho)physiological role of carnosine and related compounds. However, far more experiments in the fields of physiology and related disciplines (biology, pharmacology, genetics, molecular biology, etc.) are required to gain a full understanding of the function and applications of this intriguing molecule.
Collapse
|
9
|
Matsushita-Morita M, Nakagawa H, Tada S, Marui J, Hattori R, Suzuki S, Yamagata Y, Amano H, Ishida H, Takeuchi M, Kusumoto KI. Characterization of a (D)-stereoselective aminopeptidase (DamA) exhibiting aminolytic activity and halophilicity from Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:145-64. [PMID: 23821291 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
β-Aminopeptidases exhibit both hydrolytic and aminolytic (peptide bond formation) activities and have only been reported in bacteria. We identified a gene encoding the β-aminopeptidase homolog from a genome database of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. The gene was overexpressed in A. oryzae, and the resulting recombinant enzyme was purified. Apart from bacterial homologs [β-Ala-para-nitroanilide (pNA)], the enzyme preferred D-Leu-pNA and D-Phe-pNA as substrates. Therefore, we designated this gene as d-stereoselective aminopeptidase A (damA). The purified recombinant DamA was estimated to be a hexamer and was composed of two subunits with molecular masses of 29.5 and 11.5 kDa, respectively. Optimal hydrolytic activity of DamA toward D-Leu-pNA was observed at 50 °C and pH 8.0. The enzyme was stable up to 60 °C and from pH 4.0-11.0. DamA also exhibited aminolytic activity, producing D-Leu-D-Leu-NH2 from D-Leu-NH2 as a substrate. In the presence of 3.0 M NaCl, the amount of pNA liberated from D-Leu-pNA by DamA was 3.1-fold higher than that in the absence of NaCl. Thus, DamA is a halophilic enzyme. The enzyme was utilized to synthesize several hetero-dipeptides containing a D-amino acid at the N-terminus as well as physiologically active peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Matsushita-Morita
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heck T, Geueke B, Kohler HPE. Bacterialβ-Aminopeptidases: Structural Insights and Applications for Biocatalysis. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:2388-409. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
11
|
Autoproteolytic and Catalytic Mechanisms for the β-Aminopeptidase BapA—A Member of the Ntn Hydrolase Family. Structure 2012; 20:1850-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Biochemical properties and crystal structure of a β-phenylalanine aminotransferase from Variovorax paradoxus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:185-95. [PMID: 23087034 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02525-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By selective enrichment, we isolated a bacterium that can use β-phenylalanine as a sole nitrogen source. It was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as a strain of Variovorax paradoxus. Enzyme assays revealed an aminotransferase activity. Partial genome sequencing and screening of a cosmid DNA library resulted in the identification of a 1,302-bp aminotransferase gene, which encodes a 46,416-Da protein. The gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified and showed a specific activity of 17.5 U mg(-1) for (S)-β-phenylalanine at 30°C and 33 U mg(-1) at the optimum temperature of 55°C. The β-specific aminotransferase exhibits a broad substrate range, accepting ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted β-phenylalanine derivatives as amino donors and 2-oxoglutarate and pyruvate as amino acceptors. The enzyme is highly enantioselective toward (S)-β-phenylalanine (enantioselectivity [E], >100) and derivatives thereof with different substituents on the phenyl ring, allowing the kinetic resolution of various racemic β-amino acids to yield (R)-β-amino acids with >95% enantiomeric excess (ee). The crystal structures of the holoenzyme and of the enzyme in complex with the inhibitor 2-aminooxyacetate revealed structural similarity to the β-phenylalanine aminotransferase from Mesorhizobium sp. strain LUK. The crystal structure was used to rationalize the stereo- and regioselectivity of V. paradoxus aminotransferase and to define a sequence motif with which new aromatic β-amino acid-converting aminotransferases may be identified.
Collapse
|
13
|
Heck T, Merz T, Reimer A, Seebach D, Rentsch D, Briand C, Grütter MG, Kohler HPE, Geueke B. Crystal Structures of BapA Complexes with β-Lactam-Derived Inhibitors Illustrate Substrate Specificity and Enantioselectivity of β-Aminopeptidases. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2137-45. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
14
|
Smoum R, Rubinstein A, Dembitsky VM, Srebnik M. Boron containing compounds as protease inhibitors. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4156-220. [PMID: 22519511 DOI: 10.1021/cr608202m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Smoum
- The School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Seebach D, Lukaszuk A, Patora-Komisarska K, Podwysocka D, Gardiner J, Ebert MO, Reubi JC, Cescato R, Waser B, Gmeiner P, Hübner H, Rougeot C. On the Terminal Homologation of Physiologically Active Peptides as a Means of Increasing Stability in Human Serum - Neurotensin, Opiorphin, B27-KK10 Epitope, NPY. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:711-39. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
16
|
Kamena F, Monnanda B, Makou D, Capone S, Patora-Komisarska K, Seebach D. On the Mechanism of Eukaryotic Cell Penetration by α- and β-Oligoarginines - Targeting Infected Erythrocytes. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1-12. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
17
|
Fuchs V, Jaeger KE, Wilhelm S, Rosenau F. The BapF protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a β-peptidyl aminopeptidase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Dipeptides in nutrition and therapy: cyanophycin-derived dipeptides as natural alternatives and their biotechnological production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:815-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Heck T, Reimer A, Seebach D, Gardiner J, Deniau G, Lukaszuk A, Kohler HPE, Geueke B. β-Aminopeptidase-Catalyzed Biotransformations of β2-Dipeptides: Kinetic Resolution and Enzymatic Coupling. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1129-36. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
20
|
Heck T, Makam V, Lutz J, Blank L, Schmid A, Seebach D, Kohler HP, Geueke B. Kinetic Analysis of L-Carnosine Formation by β-Aminopeptidases. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Lukaszuk A, Demaegdt H, Feytens D, Vanderheyden P, Vauquelin G, Tourwé D. The Replacement of His(4) in Angiotensin IV by Conformationally Constrained Residues Provides Highly Potent and Selective Analogues. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5612-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900651p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Lukaszuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heidi Demaegdt
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debby Feytens
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Vanderheyden
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georges Vauquelin
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Heck T, Seebach D, Osswald S, ter Wiel MKJ, Kohler HPE, Geueke B. Kinetic Resolution of Aliphatic β-Amino Acid Amides by β-Aminopeptidases. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1558-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
23
|
Heck T, Kohler HPE, Limbach M, Flögel O, Seebach D, Geueke B. Enzyme-Catalyzed Formation ofβ-Peptides:β-Peptidyl Aminopeptidases BapA and DmpA Acting asβ-Peptide-Synthesizing Enzymes. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:2016-30. [PMID: 17886858 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent studies, we discovered that the three beta-peptidyl aminopeptidases, BapA from Sphingosinicella xenopeptidilytica 3-2W4, BapA from S. microcystinivorans Y2, and DmpA from Ochrobactrum anthropi LMG7991, possess the unique feature of cleaving N-terminal beta-amino acid residues from beta- and alpha/beta-peptides. Herein, we investigated the use of the same three enzymes for the reverse reaction catalyzing the oligomerization of beta-amino acids and the synthesis of mixed peptides with N-terminal beta-amino acid residues. As substrates, we employed the beta-homoamino acid derivatives H-beta hGly-pNA, H-beta3 hAla-pNA, H-(R)-beta3 hAla-pNA, H-beta3 hPhe-pNA, H-(R)-beta3 hPhe-pNA, and H-beta3 hLeu-pNA. All three enzymes were capable of coupling the six beta-amino acids to oligomers with chain lengths of up to eight amino acid residues. With the enzyme DmpA as the catalyst, we observed very high conversion rates, which correspond to dimer yields of up to 76%. The beta-dipeptide H-beta3 hAla-beta3 hLeu-OH and the beta/alpha-dipeptide H-beta hGly-His-OH (carnosine) were formed with almost 50% conversion, when a five-fold excess of beta3-homoleucine or histidine was incubated with H-beta3 hAla-pNA and H-beta hGly-pNA, respectively, in the presence of the enzyme BapA from S. microcystinivorans Y2. BapA from S. xenopeptidilytica 3-2W4 turned out to be a versatile catalyst capable of coupling various beta-amino acid residues to the free N-termini of beta- and alpha-amino acids and even to an alpha-tripeptide. Thus, these aminopeptidases might be useful to introduce a beta-amino acid residue as an N-terminal protecting group into a 'natural' alpha-peptide, thereby stabilizing the peptide against degradation by other proteolytic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heck
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|