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Huang Z, Liu Y, An H, Kovacs Z, Abddollahi M, Sun Z, Zhang G, Li C. Utilizing Haematococcus pluvialis to simulate animal meat color in high-moisture meat analogues: Texture quality and color stability. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113685. [PMID: 38128978 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) (0.25∼1.25 %) as a colorant during high moisture extrusion (50 %) on the texture and microstructural properties of soy protein-based high moisture meat analogs (HMMA) was evaluated. Furthermore, the stability of HP-induced meat like color of the HMMA as a function of light exposure, freeze/thawing, frozen storage and cooking temperature and duration was investigated. The addition of HP reduced the elasticity of HMMA but enhanced its hardness, chewiness, and resilience. HP addition at low levels promoted the flexible and disordered regions within the protein secondary structure while excessive HP addition was unfavorable for protein cross-linking. The optimal degree of texturization was achieved with 0.75 % HP. Sensory evaluations revealed that HMMA with 1 %HP had a color similar to fresh beef sirloin, while HMMA with 0.25 % HP had a color closer to fresh pork loin. Light exposure induced the greatest color loss of the meat analogs compared with the cooking and frozen storage. The a* value of HMMA containing 1.25 % HP decreased by 30 % during the 14 days of light exposure. Frozen storage at darkness efficiently preserved the meat-like color of the extrudates. Overall, HP was found as promising colorant for HMMA production but the storage condition of the extrudates should be carefully optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, People's Republic of China; Department of Measurements and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 14-16 Somlói Street, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ying Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhou An
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Department of Measurements and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 14-16 Somlói Street, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mehdi Abddollahi
- Department of Life Sciences-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Zhongke Sun
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoyang Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, People's Republic of China
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Examination of Photo-, Mixo-, and Heterotrophic Cultivation Conditions on Haematococcus pluvialis Cyst Cell Germination. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis is used for the biotechnological production of astaxanthin. The red carotenoid accumulates in the cytoplasm under unfavorable conditions. Astaxanthin synthesis is associated with the transformation of motile vegetative cells into non-motile cyst cells. In the industrial process, after harvesting, the cyst cells are mechanically disrupted, dried, and finally, astaxanthin is extracted with supercritical CO2. The germination of the cyst cells represents an interesting alternative, replacing the mechanical cyst cell wall disruption. When cyst cells are exposed to favorable growth conditions, germination of the cyst cells occurs and zoospores are released after a certain time. These zoospores show a much weaker cell matrix compared to cyst cells. In this study, germination under phototrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic conditions was examined. Glucose was used as the carbon source for mixotrophic and heterotrophic germination. Applying heterotrophic conditions, up to 80% of the cells were in the zoospore stage 49 h after the start of germination, and extraction yields of up to 50% were achieved using the solvent ethyl acetate for the extraction of astaxanthin from the algal broth containing zoospores. An extraction yield of up to 64% could be achieved by doubling the nitrate concentration and combining mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation.
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Molecular cloning and functional characterization of CvLCYE, a key enzyme in lutein synthesis pathway in Chlorella vulgaris. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Casella P, Iovine A, Mehariya S, Marino T, Musmarra D, Molino A. Smart Method for Carotenoids Characterization in Haematococcus pluvialis red phase and Evaluation of Astaxanthin Thermal Stability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050422. [PMID: 32414186 PMCID: PMC7278830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae is a promising source of astaxanthin, an excellent antioxidant carotenoid. H. pluvialis, as well as other species, could find more extensive applications as healthy food for a variegated carotenoids composition in addition to astaxanthin. Official method has not currently been used for this purpose. The objective of this work was to propose a method to characterize carotenoids in H. pluvialis after the comparison between spectrophotometric and liquid chromatography analysis. In addition, in order to improve the use of astaxanthin in the food industry, thermal stability was investigated. In this context, the effect of temperature at 40-80 °C, over a 16 h storage period was tested on astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis. A further test was carried out at room temperature (20 °C) for seven days. A decrease in the astaxanthin concentration was observed at all tested temperatures with a decrease >50% of all-trans isomer at 80 °C after 16 h and an increase of 9-cis and 13-cis isomers. In conclusion, the obtained results showed the importance of evaluating the degradation effect of temperature on astaxanthin used as a food additive for a future greater enhancement of this bioproduct in the food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Casella
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability—CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (P.C.); (A.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Angela Iovine
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability—CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (P.C.); (A.I.); (S.M.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Real Casa dell’Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy; (T.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability—CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (P.C.); (A.I.); (S.M.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Real Casa dell’Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy; (T.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Real Casa dell’Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy; (T.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Real Casa dell’Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy; (T.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Antonio Molino
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability—CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (P.C.); (A.I.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-772-3276
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Molino A, Mehariya S, Iovine A, Larocca V, Di Sanzo G, Martino M, Casella P, Chianese S, Musmarra D. Extraction of Astaxanthin and Lutein from Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis in the Red Phase Using CO₂ Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technology with Ethanol as Co-Solvent. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E432. [PMID: 30400304 PMCID: PMC6266296 DOI: 10.3390/md16110432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin and lutein, antioxidants used in nutraceutics and cosmetics, can be extracted from several microalgal species. In this work, investigations on astaxanthin and lutein extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) in the red phase were carried out by means of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique, in which CO₂ supercritical fluid was used as the extracting solvent with ethanol as the co-solvent. The experimental activity was performed using a bench-scale reactor in semi-batch configuration with varying extraction times (20, 40, 60, and 80 min), temperatures (50, 65, and 80 °C) and pressures (100, 400, and 550 bar). Moreover, the performance of CO₂ SFE with ethanol was compared to that without ethanol. The results show that the highest astaxanthin and lutein recoveries were found at 65 °C and 550 bar, with ~18.5 mg/g dry weight (~92%) astaxanthin and ~7.15 mg/g dry weight (~93%) lutein. The highest astaxanthin purity and the highest lutein purity were found at 80 °C and 400 bar, and at 65 °C and 550 bar, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molino
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Angela Iovine
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Larocca
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Trisaia. SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella (MT), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Di Sanzo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Trisaia. SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella (MT), Italy.
| | - Maria Martino
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Trisaia. SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella (MT), Italy.
| | - Patrizia Casella
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. Department of Sustainability-CR Portici. P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
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7
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Blue light enhances astaxanthin biosynthesis metabolism and extraction efficiency in Haematococcus pluvialis by inducing haematocyst germination. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Liu JH, Zhang L, Zha DC, Chen LQ, Chen XX, Qi ZM. Biosorption of malachite green onto Haematococcus pluvialis observed through synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:348-353. [PMID: 29953633 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have emerged as promising biosorbents for the treatment of malachite green (MG) in wastewater. However, the underlying mechanism for the biosorption of MG onto microalgae is still unclear and needs further intensive study. In this work, synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared (s-FTIR) microspectroscopy in combination with biochemical assay is employed to evaluate MG removal efficiency (95·2%, 75·6% and 66·5%) by three stages of Haematococcus pluvialis. Meanwhile, the various vital changes of algal cells including lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and carotenoids is distinguished and quantified in situ. This study illustrates that s-FTIR microspectroscopy is an effective and powerful tool to scrutinize the mechanism for the interactions between the MG dye and microalgal cells, and it even provides an effective and noninvasive new approach to screen potentially proper biosorbents for the removal of dyes from wastewater. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have potential application for their ability to absorb dyes from industrial wastewater. In this study, we initiated the application of synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared (s-FTIR) microspectroscopy to investigate malachite green dye removal efficiency by three stages of Haematococcus pluvialis, demonstrating that s-FTIR is a very powerful tool in exploring the mechanism of the biosorption of dyes onto microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Liu
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - D C Zha
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - L Q Chen
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - X X Chen
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Z M Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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9
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A β-carotene ketolase gene ( bkt1 ) promoter regulated by sodium acetate and light in a model green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Liu J, Huang Q. Screening of Astaxanthin-Hyperproducing Haematococcus pluvialis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman Microspectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1639-1648. [PMID: 27296305 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816645605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis has promising applications owing to its ability to accumulate astaxanthin under stress conditions. In order to acquire higher astaxanthin productivity from H. pluvialis, it is critical not only to develop efficient mutagenesis techniques, but also to establish rapid and effective screening methods which are highly demanded in current research and application practice. In this work, we therefore attempted to develop a new approach to screening the astaxanthin-hyperproducing strains based on spectroscopic tools. Using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman microspectroscopy, we have achieved rapid and quantitative analysis of the algal cells in terms of astaxanthin, β-carotene, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. In particular, we have found that the ratio of the IR absorption band at 1740 cm-1 to the band at 1156 cm-1 can be utilized for identifying astaxanthin-hyperproducing strains. This work may therefore open a new avenue for developing high-throughput screening methods necessary for the microbial mutant breeding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Liu
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Key Lab of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Key Lab of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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11
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Liu J, Song L, Huang Q. Rapid screening astaxanthin-hyperproducing Haematococcus pluvialis
mutants through near-infrared spectroscopy. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:185-91. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.H. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering; Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui Province China
- School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - L. Song
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering; Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui Province China
| | - Q. Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering; Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui Province China
- School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
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12
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Induction of salicylic acid (SA) on transcriptional expression of eight carotenoid genes and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 51:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Vidhyavathi R, Sarada R, Ravishankar GA. Expression of carotenogenic genes and carotenoid production in Haematococcus pluvialis under the influence of carotenoid and fatty acid synthesis inhibitors. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Sandesh Kamath B, Vidhyavathi R, Sarada R, Ravishankar GA. Enhancement of carotenoids by mutation and stress induced carotenogenic genes in Haematococcus pluvialis mutants. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:8667-73. [PMID: 18499448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Growing culture of green alga Haematococcus was exposed to mutagens such as UV, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and 1-methyl 3-nitro 1-nitrosoguanidine (NTG), and further screened over herbicide - glufosinate. The survival rate of cells decreased with increasing concentration of mutagens and herbicides. The mutants exhibited 23-59% increase in total carotenoid and astaxanthin contents. The NTG treated glufosinate resistant mutant showed increased (2.2% to 3.8% w/w) astaxanthin content. The transcript levels of phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, lycopene cyclase, beta-carotene ketolase and beta-carotene hydroxylase enzymes in the mutant cultures were found to be 13-18, 14-17, 3, 3-22 and 6-20 fold higher respectively compared to wild type. The mutant obtained by UV irradiation showed highest lycopene cyclase activity (458 nmole beta-carotene formed/mg protein/h) followed by NTG mutant (315 nmole beta-carotene formed/mg protein/h) when compared to that of parent strain (105 nmole beta-carotene formed/mg protein/h). Expression analysis of carotenoid biosynthetic genes in the mutants exhibited increase in transcript levels compared to wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sandesh Kamath
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
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15
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Zhu C, Naqvi S, Capell T, Christou P. Metabolic engineering of ketocarotenoid biosynthesis in higher plants. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 483:182-90. [PMID: 18992217 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ketocarotenoids such as astaxanthin and canthaxanthin have important applications in the nutraceutical, cosmetic, food and feed industries. Astaxanthin is derived from beta-carotene by 3-hydroxylation and 4-ketolation at both ionone end groups. These reactions are catalyzed by beta-carotene hydroxylase and beta-carotene ketolase, respectively. The hydroxylation reaction is widespread in higher plants, but ketolation is restricted to a few bacteria, fungi, and some unicellular green algae. The recent cloning and characterization of beta-carotene ketolase genes in conjunction with the development of effective co-transformation strategies permitting facile co-integration of multiple transgenes in target plants provided essential resources and tools to produce ketocarotenoids in planta by genetic engineering. In this review, we discuss ketocarotenoid biosynthesis in general, and characteristics and functional properties of beta-carotene ketolases in particular. We also describe examples of ketocarotenoid engineering in plants and we conclude by discussing strategies to efficiently convert beta-carotene to astaxanthin in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Zhu
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, Lleida 25198, Spain.
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