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Nakayama Y. Corynebacterium glutamicum Mechanosensing: From Osmoregulation to L-Glutamate Secretion for the Avian Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:201. [PMID: 33478007 PMCID: PMC7835871 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After the discovery of Corynebacterium glutamicum from avian feces-contaminated soil, its enigmatic L-glutamate secretion by corynebacterial MscCG-type mechanosensitive channels has been utilized for industrial monosodium glutamate production. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels are activated directly by increased membrane tension upon hypoosmotic downshock; thus; the physiological significance of the corynebacterial L-glutamate secretion has been considered as adjusting turgor pressure by releasing cytoplasmic solutes. In this review, we present information that corynebacterial mechanosensitive channels have been evolutionally specialized as carriers to secrete L-glutamate into the surrounding environment in their habitats rather than osmotic safety valves. The lipid modulation activation of MscCG channels in L-glutamate production can be explained by the "Force-From-Lipids" and "Force-From-Tethers" mechanosensing paradigms and differs significantly from mechanical activation upon hypoosmotic shock. The review also provides information on the search for evidence that C. glutamicum was originally a gut bacterium in the avian host with the aim of understanding the physiological roles of corynebacterial mechanosensing. C. glutamicum is able to secrete L-glutamate by mechanosensitive channels in the gut microbiota and help the host brain function via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Nakayama
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; ; Tel.: +61-2-9295-8744
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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Shi T, Fan X, Wu Y, Ma Q, Xu Q, Xie X, Chen N. Mutation of genes for cell membrane synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum causes temperature-sensitive trait and promotes L-glutamate excretion. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1711186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Shi
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Fan
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yasong Wu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qian Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xixian Xie
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
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Shi T, Ma Q, Liu X, Hao Y, Li Y, Xu Q, Xie X, Chen N. Double deletion of murA and murB induced temperature sensitivity in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Bioengineered 2019; 10:561-573. [PMID: 31648597 PMCID: PMC6844371 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1685058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the mechanism of temperature-sensitive production of glutamate in Corynebacterium glutamicum has not been clarified. We first found the murA and murB genes were potentially related to temperature-sensitive secretion of glutamate, which were not existed in a temperature-sensitive mutant. When replenishing murA or/and murB in the mutant, the temperature sensitivity was weakened. While, their knockout in a wild-type strain resulted in temperature-sensitive secretion of glutamate. Peptidoglycan analysis showed that deletion of murA and murB decreased the peptidoglycan synthesis. Comparative metabolomics analysis suggested that the variation in cell wall structure resulted in decreased overall cellular metabolism but increased carbon flow to glutamate synthesis, which was a typical metabolism pattern in industrial temperature-sensitive producing strains. This study clarifies the mechanism between murA and murB deletion and the temperature-sensitive secretion of glutamate in C. glutamcium, and provides a reference for the metabolic engineering of cell wall to obtain increased bioproduction of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Hao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xixian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Systems metabolic engineering strategies for the production of amino acids. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:87-96. [PMID: 29062965 PMCID: PMC5637227 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems metabolic engineering is a multidisciplinary area that integrates systems biology, synthetic biology and evolutionary engineering. It is an efficient approach for strain improvement and process optimization, and has been successfully applied in the microbial production of various chemicals including amino acids. In this review, systems metabolic engineering strategies including pathway-focused approaches, systems biology-based approaches, evolutionary approaches and their applications in two major amino acid producing microorganisms: Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli, are summarized.
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Khuat HBT, Kaboré AK, Olmos E, Fick M, Boudrant J, Goergen JL, Delaunay S, Guedon E. Lactate production as representative of the fermentation potential of Corynebacterium glutamicum 2262 in a one-step process. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:343-9. [PMID: 25036691 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.878219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The fermentative properties of thermo-sensitive strain Corynebacterium glutamicum 2262 were investigated in processes coupling aerobic cell growth and the anaerobic fermentation phase. In particular, the influence of two modes of fermentation on the production of lactate, the fermentation product model, was studied. In both processes, lactate was produced in significant amount, 27 g/L in batch culture, and up to 55.8 g/L in fed-batch culture, but the specific production rate in the fed-batch culture was four times lower than that in the batch culture. Compared to other investigated fermentation processes, our strategy resulted in the highest yield of lactic acid from biomass. Lactate production by C. glutamicum 2262 thus revealed the capability of the strain to produce various fermentation products from pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Bao Truc Khuat
- a Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés , UMR CNRS 7274, ENSAIA - Université de Lorraine , Vandoeuvre Cedex , France
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Li F, Zhu L. Surfactant-modified fatty acid composition of Citrobacter sp. SA01 and its effect on phenanthrene transmembrane transport. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:58-64. [PMID: 24875871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the surfactants, Tween 80 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) on a membrane's fatty acid composition and the transmembrane transport of phenanthrene were investigated. The results indicated that both surfactants could modify the composition of fatty acids of Citrobacter sp. Strain SA01 cells, 50 mg L(-1) of both surfactants changed the composition of the fatty acids the most, increasing the amount of unsaturated fatty acids. The comparison of fatty acid profiles with diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy, a probe for plasma membrane fluidity, suggested that an increased amount of unsaturated fatty acids corresponded to greater membrane fluidity. In addition, increased unsaturated fatty acids promoted phenanthrene to partition from the extracellular matrix to cell debris, which increased reverse partitioning from the cell debris to the cytochylema. The results of this study were expected in that the addition of a surfactant is a simple and effective method for accelerating the rate-limiting step of transmembrane transport of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process Control, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Yuying College, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Jacquet T, Cailliez-Grimal C, Francius G, Borges F, Imran M, Duval JFL, Revol-Junelles AM. Antibacterial activity of class IIa bacteriocin Cbn BM1 depends on the physiological state of the target bacteria. Res Microbiol 2012; 163:323-31. [PMID: 22588175 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Carnobacteriocin BM1 (Cbn BM1) is a class IIa bacteriocin produced by Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CP5 isolated from a French mold ripened cheese. Numerous studies highlight variations in numerous parameters, such as bacterial membrane composition and potential, according to physiological changes. In this work, the mechanism of action of an oxidized form of Cbn BM1 was studied on C. maltaromaticum DSM20730 in log and stationary growth phases. Membrane integrity assessment and high resolution imaging by atomic force microscopy confirmed the link between physiological state and bacterial sensitivity to Cbn BM1. Indeed, these approaches enable visualizing morphological damage of C. maltaromaticum DSM20730 only in an active dividing state. To specifically address the interaction between peptide and bacterial membrane, fluorescence anisotropy measurements were conducted. Results revealed strong modifications in membrane fluidity by Cbn BM1 only for C. maltaromaticum DSM20730 in log growth phase. In a similar way, the Δψ component, but not the ΔpH component of the proton-motive force, was perturbed only for bacteria in log growth phase. These results clearly show that a class IIa bacteriocin antimicrobial mechanism of action can be modulated by the physiological state of its target bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Jacquet
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, Université de Lorraine, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 172, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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A deficiency in arabinogalactan biosynthesis affects Corynebacterium glutamicum mycolate outer membrane stability. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:2691-700. [PMID: 20363942 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00009-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterineae is a specific suborder of Gram-positive bacteria that includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The ultrastructure of the cell envelope is very atypical. It is composed of a heteropolymer of peptidoglycan and arabinogalactan (AG) covalently associated to an outer membrane. Five arabinosyltransferases are involved in the biosynthesis of AG in C. glutamicum. AftB catalyzes the transfer of Araf (arabinofuranosyl) onto the arabinan domain of the arabinogalactan to form terminal beta(1 --> 2)-linked Araf residues. Here we show that Delta aftB cells lack half of the arabinogalactan mycoloylation sites but are still able to assemble an outer membrane. In addition, we show that a Delta aftB mutant grown on a rich medium has a perturbed cell envelope and sheds a significant amount of membrane fragments in the external culture medium. These fragments contain mono- and dimycolate of trehalose and PorA/H, the major porin of C. glutamicum, but lack conventional phospholipids that typify the plasma membrane, suggesting that they are derived from the atypical mycolate outer membrane of the cell envelope. This is the first report of outer membrane destabilization in the Corynebacterineae, and it suggests that a strong interaction between the mycolate outer membrane and the underlying polymer is essential for cell envelope integrity. The presence of outer membrane-derived fragments (OMFs) in the external medium of the Delta aftB mutant is also a very promising tool for outer membrane characterization. Indeed, fingerprint analysis of major OMF-associated proteins has already led to the identification of 3 associated mycoloyltransferases and an unknown protein with a C-terminal hydrophobic anchoring domain reminiscent of that found for the S-layer protein PS2 of C. glutamicum.
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Jasniewski J, Cailliez-Grimal C, Younsi M, Millière JB, Revol-Junelles AM. Functional differences inLeuconostocsensitive and resistant strains to mesenterocin 52A, a class IIa bacteriocin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 289:193-201. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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10
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Jasniewski J, Cailliez-Grimal C, Younsi M, Millière JB, Revol-Junelles AM. Fluorescence anisotropy analysis of the mechanism of action of mesenterocin 52A: speculations on antimicrobial mechanism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:339-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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