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Shen Q, Yan F, Li YW, Wang J, Ji J, Yan WX, He DC, Song P, Shi TQ. Expansion of YALIcloneHR toolkit for Yarrowia lipolytica combined with Golden Gate and CRISPR technology. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:37-46. [PMID: 38064043 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic Engineering of yeast is a critical approach to improving the production capacity of cell factories. To obtain genetically stable recombinant strains, the exogenous DNA is preferred to be integrated into the genome. Previously, we developed a Golden Gate toolkit YALIcloneNHEJ, which could be used as an efficient modular cloning toolkit for the random integration of multigene pathways through the innate non-homologous end-joining repair mechanisms of Yarrowia lipolytica. We expanded the toolkit by designing additional building blocks of homologous arms and using CRISPR technology. The reconstructed toolkit was thus entitled YALIcloneHR and designed for gene-specific knockout and integration. To verify the effectiveness of the system, the gene PEX10 was selected as the target for the knockout. This system was subsequently applied for the arachidonic acid production, and the reconstructed strain can accumulate 4.8% of arachidonic acid. The toolkit will expand gene editing technology in Y. lipolytica, which would help produce other chemicals derived from acetyl-CoA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ji
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xin Yan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Chen He
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Li YW, Guo Q, Peng QQ, Shen Q, Nie ZK, Ye C, Shi TQ. Recent Development of Advanced Biotechnology in the Oleaginous Fungi for Arachidonic Acid Production. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3163-3173. [PMID: 36221956 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is an essential ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which plays a significant role in cardiovascular health and neurological development, leading to its wide use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, ARA is obtained from deep-sea fish oil. However, this source is limited by season and is depleting the already threatened global fish stocks. With the rapid development of synthetic biology in recent years, oleaginous fungi have gradually attracted increasing attention as promising microbial sources for large-scale ARA production. Numerous advanced technologies including metabolic engineering, dynamic regulation of fermentation conditions, and multiomics analysis were successfully adapted to increase ARA synthesis. This review summarizes recent advances in the bioengineering of oleaginous fungi for ARA production. Finally, perspectives for future engineering approaches are proposed to further improve the titer yield and productivity of ARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Peng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Kui Nie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi New Reyphon Biochemical Co., Ltd, Salt & Chemical Industry, Xingan, Jiangxi 331399, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
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Systematic genome analysis of a novel arachidonic acid-producing strain uncovered unique metabolic traits in the production of acetyl-CoA-derived products in Mortierellale fungi. Gene 2020; 741:144559. [PMID: 32169630 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The fungi in order Mortierellales are attractive producers for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Here, the genome sequencing and assembly of a novel strain of Mortierella sp. BCC40632 were done, yielding 65 contigs spanning of 49,964,116 total bases with predicted 12,149 protein-coding genes. We focused on the acetyl-CoA in relevant to its derived metabolic pathways for biosynthesis of macromolecules with biological functions, including PUFAs, eicosanoids and carotenoids. By comparative genome analysis between Mortierellales and Mucorales, the signature genetic characteristics of the arachidonic acid-producing strains, including Δ5-desaturase and GLELO-like elongase, were also identified in the strain BCC40632. Remarkably, this fungal strain contained only n-6 pathway of PUFA biosynthesis due to the absence of Δ15-desaturase or ω3-desaturase gene in contrast to other Mortierella species. Four putative enzyme sequences in the eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways were identified in the strain BCC40632 and others Mortierellale fungi, but were not detected in the Mucorales. Another unique metabolic trait of the Mortierellales was the inability in carotenoid synthesis as a result of the lack of phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase genes. The findings provide a perspective in strain optimization for production of tailored-made products with industrial applications.
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Khan MAK, Yang J, Hussain SA, Zhang H, Garre V, Song Y. Genetic Modification of Mucor circinelloides to Construct Stearidonic Acid Producing Cell Factory. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071683. [PMID: 30987311 PMCID: PMC6480972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4, n-3) is the delta 15-desaturase product of gamma linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3, n-6) and delta 6-desaturase product of alpha linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3, n-3). Construction of engineered oleaginous microbes have been attracting significant interest in producing SDA because of its nutritional value and pharmaceutical applications. Mucor circinelloides is a GLA producing filamentous fungus, which can be a useful tool to produce SDA. This study has, therefore, overexpressed the delta-15 desaturase (D15D) gene from Mortierella alpina in this fungus to construct a SDA-producing cell factory. To produce SDA in M. circinelloides, the homologous overexpression of D15D gene was analyzed. When the gene was overexpressed in M. circinelloides CBS 277.49, up to 5.0% SDA was accumulated in this strain. According to current knowledge, this is the first study describing the construction of a SDA-producing cell factory by overexpression of D15D gene in oleaginous fungus M. circinelloides. A new scope for further research has been established by this work to improve SDA production in this fungus, specifically in its high lipid-producing strain, WJ11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahsanul Kabir Khan
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Junhuan Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
- Departmento de Genética y Microbiología (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Syed Ammar Hussain
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Huaiyuan Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Departmento de Genética y Microbiología (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
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Khan MAK, Yang J, Hussain SA, Zhang H, Liang L, Garre V, Song Y. Construction of DGLA producing cell factory by genetic modification of Mucor circinelloides. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:64. [PMID: 30943965 PMCID: PMC6448318 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dihomo-gamma linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3, n-6) is the elongated product of Gamma linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, n-6) catalyzed by the enzyme delta-6 elongase (D6E) or gamma linolenic acid elongase (GLELO). Construction of engineered oleaginous microbes have been attracting significant interest to produce DGLA because of its nutritional value and medicinal applications. Mucor circinelloides is a GLA producing filamentous fungus which can be a useful tool to produce DGLA. We have, therefore, overexpressed the D6E (GLELO) gene in this fungus to construct DGLA producing cell factory. Result To produce DGLA in M. circinelloides, homologous overexpression of D6E (GLELO) gene was analyzed. When the gene was overexpressed in M. circinelloides CBS277.49, up to 5.72% DGLA was produced in this strain. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the overexpression of D6E (GLELO) gene in M. circinelloides to construct DGLA producing cell factory. A new scope for further research has been established by this work for improved production of DGLA in this fungus, specifically in its high lipid-producing strain, WJ11. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1110-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahsanul Kabir Khan
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhuan Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Departmento de Genética y Microbiología (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Syed Ammar Hussain
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiyuan Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 21412, Jiangsu, China
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Departmento de Genética y Microbiología (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Sakamoto T, Sakuradani E, Okuda T, Kikukawa H, Ando A, Kishino S, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Shima J, Ogawa J. Metabolic engineering of oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina for high production of oleic and linoleic acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1610-1615. [PMID: 28673516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the molecular breeding of oleaginous filamentous Mortierella alpina for high production of linoleic (LA) or oleic acid (OA). Heterologous expression of the Δ12-desaturase (DS) gene derived from Coprinopsis cinerea in the Δ6DS activity-defective mutant of M. alpina increased the LA production rate as to total fatty acid to 5 times that in the wild strain. By suppressing the endogenous Δ6I gene expression by RNAi in the Δ12DS activity-defective mutant of M. alpina, the OA accumulation rate as to total fatty acid reached 68.0%. The production of LA and OA in these transformants reached 1.44 and 2.76g/L, respectively, on the 5th day. The Δ6I transcriptional levels of the RNAi-treated strains were suppressed to 1/10th that in the parent strain. The amount of Δ6II RNA in the Δ6I RNAi-treated strain increased to 8 times that in the wild strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaiku Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Shima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 67 Tsukamoto-cho, Fukakusa Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Ando A, Okuda T, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Microbial production of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid by Δ5-desaturase gene-disruptants of Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Papp T, Nyilasi I, Csernetics Á, Nagy G, Takó M, Vágvölgyi C. Improvement of Industrially Relevant Biological Activities in Mucoromycotina Fungi. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Nakatani M, Ando A, Okuda T, Sakamoto T, Ochiai M, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Gene targeting in the oil-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 and construction of a strain producing a valuable polyunsaturated fatty acid. Curr Genet 2015; 61:579-89. [PMID: 25782448 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To develop an efficient gene-targeting system in Mortierella alpina 1S-4, we identified the ku80 gene encoding the Ku80 protein, which is involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway in genomic double-strand break (DSB) repair, and constructed ku80 gene-disrupted strains via single-crossover homologous recombination. The Δku80 strain from M. alpina 1S-4 showed no negative effects on vegetative growth, formation of spores, and fatty acid productivity, and exhibited high sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate, which causes DSBs. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)-producing strains were constructed by disruption of the Δ5-desaturase gene, encoding a key enzyme of bioconversion of DGLA to ARA, using the Δku80 strain as a host strain. The significant improvement of gene-targeting efficiency was not observed by disruption of the ku80 gene, but the construction of DGLA-producing strain by disruption of the Δ5-desaturase gene was succeeded using the Δku80 strain as a host strain. This report describes the first study on the identification and disruption of the ku80 gene in zygomycetes and construction of a DGLA-producing transformant using a gene-targeting system in M. alpina 1S-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Nakatani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Misa Ochiai
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Nishibaba Y, Okuda T, Ando A, Shima J, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Production of cis-11-eicosenoic acid by Mortierella fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:641-7. [PMID: 25495454 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To find cis-11-eicosenoic acid (20:1ω9, EA)-producing micro-organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We found EA-producing fungi by screening about 300 fungal strains and identified a major fatty acid accumulated in the Mortierella fungi as EA by means of GC-MS analysis. In particular, Mortierella chlamydospora CBS 529.75 produced a high amount of EA (36.3 mg g(-1) of dried cells) on cultivation at 28°C for 4 days and then at 12°C for 3 days. In the result of lipid analysis, most of the EA was a component of triacylglycerols, not phospholipids. CONCLUSION We found that M. chlamydospora CBS 529.75 was the best producer for the microbial production of EA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY EA is beneficial as a raw material for medical supplies and a moisturizing component of cosmetic creams. This is the first report of microbial production of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ye C, Xu N, Chen H, Chen YQ, Chen W, Liu L. Reconstruction and analysis of a genome-scale metabolic model of the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:1. [PMID: 25582171 PMCID: PMC4301621 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-014-0137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Mortierella alpina is an oleaginous fungus used in the industrial scale production of arachidonic acid (ARA). In order to investigate the metabolic characteristics at a systems level and to explore potential strategies for enhanced lipid production, a genome-scale metabolic model of M. alpina was reconstructed. Results This model included 1106 genes, 1854 reactions and 1732 metabolites. On minimal growth medium, 86 genes were identified as essential, whereas 49 essential genes were identified on yeast extract medium. A series of sequential desaturase and elongase catalysed steps are involved in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from acetyl-CoA precursors, with concomitant NADPH consumption, and these steps were investigated in this study. Oxygen is known to affect the degree of unsaturation of PUFAs, and robustness analysis determined that an oxygen uptake rate of 2.0 mmol gDW−1 h−1 was optimal for ARA accumulation. The flux of 53 reactions involving NADPH was significantly altered at different ARA levels. Of these, malic enzyme (ME) was confirmed as a key component in ARA production and NADPH generation. When using minimization of metabolic adjustment, a knock-out of ME led to a 38.28% decrease in ARA production. Conclusions The simulation results confirmed the model as a useful tool for future research on the metabolism of PUFAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-014-0137-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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12
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Fungal microsomes in a biotransformation perspective: protein nature of membrane-associated reactions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:10263-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Sakuradani E, Ando A, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Metabolic engineering for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:417-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Sakuradani E, Ando A, Ogawa J, Shimizu S. Improved production of various polyunsaturated fatty acids through filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina breeding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Identification of a novel fatty acid elongase with a wide substrate specificity from arachidonic acid-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:709-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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