1
|
Ma Y, Guo N, Li X, Jiang Z, Zhang D, Guo L, Wang Y. Development of an Efficient Recombinant Protein Expression System in Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum Based on the Bacteriophage T7 System. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3092-3105. [PMID: 37712503 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins have broad applications. However, there is a lack of a recombinant protein expression system specifically for large-scale production in anaerobic hosts. Here, we developed a powerful and stringently inducible protein expression system based on the bacteriophage T7 system in the strictly anaerobic solvent-producing Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. With the integration of a codon optimized T7 RNA polymerase into the chromosome, a single plasmid carrying a T7 promoter could efficiently drive high-level expression of the target gene in an orthogonal manner, which was tightly regulated by a lactose-inducible system. Furthermore, by deleting beta-galactosidase genes involved in lactose metabolism, the transcriptional strength was further improved. In the ultimately optimized strain TM-07, the transcriptional strength of the T7 promoter showed 9.5-fold increase compared to the endogenous strong promoter Pthl. The heterologous NADP+-dependent 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (Hbd1) from C. kluyveri was expressed in TM-07, and the yield of the recombinant protein reached 30.4-42.4% of the total cellular protein, surpassing the strong protein expression systems in other Gram-positive bacteria. The relative activity of Hbd1 in the crude enzyme was 198.0 U/mg, which was 8.3-fold higher than the natural activity in C. kluyveri. The relative activity of the purified enzyme reached 467.4 U/mg. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first application of the T7 expression system in Clostridium species, and this optimized expression system holds great potential for large-scale endotoxin-free recombinant protein production under strictly anaerobic conditions. This development paves the way for significant advancements in biotechnology and opens up new avenues for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Ma
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Dunhua Zhang
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Auburn, Alabama 36832, United States
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zanki V, Bozic B, Mocibob M, Ban N, Gruic-Sovulj I. A pair of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases in Bacilli fulfills complementary roles to keep fast translation and provide antibiotic resistance. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4418. [PMID: 36757682 PMCID: PMC9909778 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS) is an essential enzyme that covalently couples isoleucine to the corresponding tRNA. Bacterial IleRSs group in two clades, ileS1 and ileS2, the latter bringing resistance to the natural antibiotic mupirocin. Generally, bacteria rely on either ileS1 or ileS2 as a standalone housekeeping gene. However, we have found an exception by noticing that Bacillus species with genomic ileS2 consistently also keep ileS1, which appears mandatory in the family Bacillaceae. Taking Priestia (Bacillus) megaterium as a model organism, we showed that PmIleRS1 is constitutively expressed, while PmIleRS2 is stress-induced. Both enzymes share the same level of the aminoacylation accuracy. Yet, PmIleRS1 exhibited a two-fold faster aminoacylation turnover (kcat ) than PmIleRS2 and permitted a notably faster cell-free translation. At the same time, PmIleRS2 displayed a 104 -fold increase in its Ki for mupirocin, arguing that the aminoacylation turnover in IleRS2 could have been traded-off for antibiotic resistance. As expected, a P. megaterium strain deleted for ileS2 was mupirocin-sensitive. Interestingly, an attempt to construct a mupirocin-resistant strain lacking ileS1, a solution not found among species of the family Bacillaceae in nature, led to a viable but compromised strain. Our data suggest that PmIleRS1 is kept to promote fast translation, whereas PmIleRS2 is maintained to provide antibiotic resistance when needed. This is consistent with an emerging picture in which fast-growing organisms predominantly use IleRS1 for competitive survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zanki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bartol Bozic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Mocibob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ita Gruic-Sovulj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye J, Li Y, Bai Y, Zhang T, Jiang W, Shi T, Wu Z, Zhang YHPJ. A facile and robust T7-promoter-based high-expression of heterologous proteins in Bacillus subtilis. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:56. [PMID: 38647747 PMCID: PMC10991129 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To mimic the Escherichia coli T7 protein expression system, we developed a facile T7 promoter-based protein expression system in an industrial microorganism Bacillus subtilis. This system has two parts: a new B. subtilis strain SCK22 and a plasmid pHT7. To construct strain SCK22, the T7 RNA polymerase gene was inserted into the chromosome, and several genes, such as two major protease genes, a spore generation-related gene, and a fermentation foam generation-related gene, were knocked out to facilitate good expression in high-density cell fermentation. The gene of a target protein can be subcloned into plasmid pHT7, where the gene of the target protein was under tight control of the T7 promoter with a ribosome binding site (RBS) sequence of B. subtilis (i.e., AAGGAGG). A few recombinant proteins (i.e., green fluorescent protein, α-glucan phosphorylase, inositol monophosphatase, phosphoglucomutase, and 4-α-glucanotransferase) were expressed with approximately 25-40% expression levels relative to the cellular total proteins estimated by SDS-PAGE by using B. subtilis SCK22/pHT7-derived plasmid. A fed-batch high-cell density fermentation was conducted in a 5-L fermenter, producing up to 4.78 g/L inositol monophosphatase. This expression system has a few advantageous features, such as, wide applicability for recombinant proteins, high protein expression level, easy genetic operation, high transformation efficiency, good genetic stability, and suitability for high-cell density fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yuqing Bai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Zijian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yi-Heng P Job Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Krefft D, Prusinowski M, Maciszka P, Skokowska A, Zebrowska J, Skowron PM. T7-lac promoter vectors spontaneous derepression caused by plant-derived growth media may lead to serious expression problems: a systematic evaluation. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:13. [PMID: 35090462 PMCID: PMC8796431 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread usage of protein expression systems in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a workhorse of molecular biology research that has practical applications in biotechnology industry, including the production of pharmaceutical drugs. Various factors can strongly affect the successful construction and stable maintenance of clones and the resulting biosynthesis levels. These include an appropriate selection of recombinant hosts, expression systems, regulation of promoters, the repression level at an uninduced state, growth temperature, codon usage, codon context, mRNA secondary structure, translation kinetics, the presence/absence of chaperons and others. However, optimization of the growth medium’s composition is often overlooked. We systematically evaluate this factor, which can have a dramatic effect on the expression of recombinant proteins, especially those which are toxic to a recombinant host. Results Commonly used animal tissue- and plant-based media were evaluated using a series of clones in pET vector, containing expressed Open Reading Frames (ORFs) with a wide spectrum of toxicity to the recombinant E. coli: (i) gfpuv (nontoxic); (ii) tp84_28—which codes for thermophilic endolysin (moderately toxic); and (iii) tthHB27IRM—which codes for thermophilic restriction endonuclease-methyltransferase (REase-MTase)—RM.TthHB27I (very toxic). The use of plant-derived peptones (soy peptone and malt extract) in a culture medium causes the T7-lac expression system to leak. We show that the presence of raffinose and stachyose (galactoside derivatives) in those peptones causes premature and uncontrolled induction of gene expression, which affects the course of the culture, the stability of clones and biosynthesis levels. Conclusions The use of plant-derived peptones in a culture medium when using T7-lac hybrid promoter expression systems, such as Tabor-Studier, can lead to uncontrolled production of a recombinant protein. These conclusions also extend to other, lac operator-controlled promoters. In the case of proteins which are toxic to a recombinant host, this can result in mutations or deletions in the expression vector and/or cloned gene, the death of the host or highly decreased expression levels. This phenomenon is caused by the content of certain saccharides in plant peptones, some of which (galactosides) may act as T7-lac promoter inducer by interacting with a Lac repressor. Thus, when attempting to overexpress toxic proteins, it is recommended to either not use plant-derived media or to use them with caution and perform a pilot-scale evaluation of the derepression effect on a case-by-case basis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01740-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Krefft
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 street, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Maciej Prusinowski
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 street, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Maciszka
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 street, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skokowska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 street, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Zebrowska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 street, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr M Skowron
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 street, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Physical Education, University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The "beauty in the beast"-the multiple uses of Priestia megaterium in biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5719-5737. [PMID: 34263356 PMCID: PMC8390425 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Over 30 years, the Gram-positive bacterium Priestia megaterium (previously known as Bacillus megaterium) was systematically developed for biotechnological applications ranging from the production of small molecules like vitamin B12, over polymers like polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) up to the in vivo and in vitro synthesis of multiple proteins and finally whole-cell applications. Here we describe the use of the natural vitamin B12 (cobalamin) producer P. megaterium for the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway and the subsequent systematic knowledge-based development for production purposes. The formation of PHB, a natural product of P. megaterium and potential petro-plastic substitute, is covered and discussed. Further important biotechnological characteristics of P. megaterium for recombinant protein production including high protein secretion capacity and simple cultivation on value-added carbon sources are outlined. This includes the advanced system with almost 30 commercially available expression vectors for the intracellular and extracellular production of recombinant proteins at the g/L scale. We also revealed a novel P. megaterium transcription-translation system as a complementary and versatile biotechnological tool kit. As an impressive biotechnology application, the formation of various cytochrome P450 is also critically highlighted. Finally, whole cellular applications in plant protection are completing the overall picture of P. megaterium as a versatile giant cell factory. Key points • The use of Priestia megaterium for the biosynthesis of small molecules and recombinant proteins through to whole-cell applications is reviewed. • P. megaterium can act as a promising alternative host in biotechnological production processes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Ding W, Wang Z, Zhao H, Shi S. Development of Host-Orthogonal Genetic Systems for Synthetic Biology. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000252. [PMID: 33729696 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The construction of a host-orthogonal genetic system can not only minimize the impact of host-specific nuances on fine-tuning of gene expression, but also expand cellular functions such as in vivo continuous evolution of genes based on an error-prone DNA polymerase. It represents an emerging powerful approach for making biology easier to engineer. In this review, the recent advances are described on the design of genetic systems that can be stably inherited in the host cells and are responsible for important biological processes including DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, and gene regulation. Their applications in synthetic biology are summarized and the future challenges and opportunities are discussed in developing such systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology) Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shuobo Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hartz P, Gehl M, König L, Bernhardt R, Hannemann F. Development and application of a highly efficient CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome engineering in Bacillus megaterium. J Biotechnol 2021; 329:170-179. [PMID: 33600891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium has become increasingly important for the biotechnological production of valuable compounds of industrial and pharmaceutical importance. Despite recent advances in rational strain design of B. megaterium, these studies have been largely impaired by the lack of molecular tools that are not state-of-the-art for comprehensive genome engineering approaches. In the current work, we describe the adaptation of the CRISPR-Cas9 vector pJOE8999 to enable efficient genome editing in B. megaterium. Crucial modifications comprise the exchange of promoter elements and associated ribosomal binding sites as well as the implementation of a 5-fluorouracil based counterselection system to facilitate proper plasmid curing. In addition, the functionality and performance of the new CRISPR-Cas9 vector pMOE was successfully evaluated by chromosomal disruption studies of the endogenous β-galactosidase gene (BMD_2126) and demonstrated an outstanding efficiency of 100 % based on combinatorial pheno- and genotype analyses. Furthermore, pMOE was applied for the genomic deletion of a steroid esterase gene (BMD_2256) that was identified among several other candidates as the gene encoding the esterase, which prevented accumulation of pharmaceutically important glucocorticoid esters. Recombinant expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase 1 gene (cat1) in the resulting esterase deficient B. megaterium strain ultimately yielded C21-acetylated as well as novel C21-esterified derivates of cortisone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hartz
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building B2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Manuel Gehl
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building B2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Present address: Microbial Protein Structure Group, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lisa König
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building B2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building B2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frank Hannemann
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building B2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shono C, Ariyanti D, Abe K, Sakai Y, Sakamoto I, Tsukakoshi K, Sode K, Ikebukuro K. A Green Light-Regulated T7 RNA Polymerase Gene Expression System for Cyanobacteria. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:31-38. [PMID: 32979137 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a green light-regulated T7 RNA polymerase expression system (T7 RNAP system), to provide a novel and versatile high-expression system for cyanobacteria without using any chemical inducer, realizing high expression levels comparable with previously reported for recombinant gene expression in cyanobacteria. The T7 RNAP system was constructed and introduced into Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. T7 RNAP was inserted downstream of the cpcG2 promoter, which is recognized and activated by the CcaS/CcaR two-component green-light-sensing system, to compose a vector plasmid, pKT-CS01, to achieve the induction of T7 RNAP expression only under green light illumination, with repression under red light illumination. The reporter gene, superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP), was inserted downstream of the T7 promoter. Transcriptional analyses revealed that T7 RNAP was induced under green light but repressed under red light. Expression of the sfGFP protein derived from pKT-CS01 was observed under green light illumination and was approximately 10-fold higher than that in the control transformant, which expressed sfGFP directly under the cpcG2 promoter, which is directly regulated by CcaS/CcaR, under green light illumination. Comparison with the strong promoter expression systems Pcpc560 and PtrcΔlacO revealed that the expression of sfGFP by the T7 RNAP system was comparable with the levels obtained with strong promoters. These results demonstrated that the green light-regulated T7 RNAP gene expression system will be a versatile tool for future technological platform to regulate gene expression in cyanobacterial bioprocesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chika Shono
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dwi Ariyanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Sumbawa University of Technology, Olat Maras, Moyo Hulu, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, 84371, Indonesia
| | - Koichi Abe
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakai
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ippei Sakamoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsukakoshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Halliwell T, Fisher K, Payne KAP, Rigby SEJ, Leys D. Heterologous expression of cobalamin dependent class-III enzymes. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 177:105743. [PMID: 32871253 PMCID: PMC7585037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The family of cobalamin class-III dependent enzymes is composed of the reductive dehalogenases (RDases) and related epoxyqueuosine reductases. RDases are crucial for the energy conserving process of organohalide respiration. These enzymes have the ability to reductively cleave carbon-halogen bonds, present in a number of environmentally hazardous pollutants, making them of significant interest for bioremediation applications. Unfortunately, it is difficult to obtain sufficient yields of pure RDase isolated from organohalide respiring bacteria for biochemical studies. Hence, robust heterologous expression systems are required that yield the active holo-enzyme which requires both iron-sulphur cluster and cobalamin incorporation. We present a comparative study of the heterologous expression strains Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli HMS174(DE3), Shimwellia blattae and a commercial strain of Vibrio natrigenes, for cobalamin class-III dependent enzymes expression. The Nitratireductor pacificus pht-3B reductive dehalogenase (NpRdhA) and the epoxyqueuosine reductase from Streptococcus thermophilus (StoQ) were used as model enzymes. We also analysed whether co-expression of the cobalamin transporter BtuB, supports increased cobalamin incorporation into these enzymes in E. coli. We conclude that while expression in Bacillus megaterium resulted in the highest levels of cofactor incorporation, co-expression of BtuB in E. coli presents an appropriate balance between cofactor incorporation and protein yield in both cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Halliwell
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Karl Fisher
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Karl A P Payne
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub (FutureBRH), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Stephen E J Rigby
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cal AJ, Kibblewhite RE, Sikkema WD, Torres LF, Hart-Cooper WM, Orts WJ, Lee CC. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers containing 4-hydroxybutyrate in engineered Bacillus megaterium. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:86-92. [PMID: 33290766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite being used as a common platform for the commercial production of many biochemicals, Bacilli are often overlooked as a source of industrial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), biodegradable plastic replacements. In addition to having a robust expression system, the lack of lipopolysaccharides and ease of lysis make Bacilli an attractive host for the production of PHAs. In this work, a Bacillus megaterium strain was engineered to generate poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutryate) (P[3HB-co-4HB]) copolymers, which are among the most useful and industrially-relevant copolymers. These copolymers had lower modulus and increased toughness, thus making the copolymer suitable for a broader range of applications. Due to high metabolic flux through succinate, the engineered B. megaterium strain produced P(3HB-co-4HB) with >10% mol fraction 4HB from glucose, without the use of highly regulated and expensive precursors or potentially damaging truncation of central biochemical pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Cal
- USDA-ARS-Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Rena E Kibblewhite
- USDA-ARS-Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - W Dirk Sikkema
- USDA-ARS-Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Lennard F Torres
- USDA-ARS-Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - William M Hart-Cooper
- USDA-ARS-Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - William J Orts
- USDA-ARS-Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Charles C Lee
- USDA-ARS-Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Williams A, Gedeon KS, Vaidyanathan D, Yu Y, Collins CH, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ, Koffas MAG. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus megaterium for heparosan biosynthesis using Pasteurella multocida heparosan synthase, PmHS2. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:132. [PMID: 31405374 PMCID: PMC6691538 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparosan is the unsulfated precursor of heparin and heparan sulfate and its synthesis is typically the first step in the production of bioengineered heparin. In addition to its utility as the starting material for this important anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory drug, heparosan is a versatile compound that possesses suitable chemical and physical properties for making a variety of high-quality tissue engineering biomaterials, gels and scaffolds, as well as serving as a drug delivery vehicle. The selected production host was the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium, which represents an increasingly used choice for high-yield production of intra- and extracellular biomolecules for scientific and industrial applications. RESULTS We have engineered the metabolism of B. megaterium to produce heparosan, using a T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) expression system. This system, which allows tightly regulated and efficient induction of genes of interest, has been co-opted for control of Pasteurella multocida heparosan synthase (PmHS2). Specifically, we show that B. megaterium MS941 cells co-transformed with pT7-RNAP and pPT7_PmHS2 plasmids are capable of producing heparosan upon induction with xylose, providing an alternate, safe source of heparosan. Productivities of ~ 250 mg/L of heparosan in shake flasks and ~ 2.74 g/L in fed-batch cultivation were reached. The polydisperse Pasteurella heparosan synthase products from B. megaterium primarily consisted of a relatively high molecular weight (MW) heparosan (~ 200-300 kD) that may be appropriate for producing certain biomaterials; while the less abundant lower MW heparosan fractions (~ 10-40 kD) can be a suitable starting material for heparin synthesis. CONCLUSION We have successfully engineered an asporogenic and non-pathogenic B. megaterium host strain to produce heparosan for various applications, through a combination of genetic manipulation and growth optimization strategies. The heparosan products from B. megaterium display a different range of MW products than traditional E. coli K5 products, diversifying its potential applications and facilitating increased product utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asher Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Kamil S Gedeon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Deepika Vaidyanathan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia H Collins
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Expanding the promoter toolbox of Bacillus megaterium. J Biotechnol 2019; 294:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
13
|
Wang W, Li Y, Wang Y, Shi C, Li C, Li Q, Linhardt RJ. Bacteriophage T7 transcription system: an enabling tool in synthetic biology. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2129-2137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
14
|
Seo SO, Schmidt-Dannert C. Development of a synthetic cumate-inducible gene expression system for Bacillus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:303-313. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Liang X, Li C, Wang W, Li Q. Integrating T7 RNA Polymerase and Its Cognate Transcriptional Units for a Host-Independent and Stable Expression System in Single Plasmid. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1424-1435. [PMID: 29609457 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology usually require universal expression systems for stable and efficient gene expression in various organisms. In this study, a host-independent and stable T7 expression system had been developed by integrating T7 RNA polymerase and its cognate transcriptional units in single plasmid. The expression of T7 RNA polymerase was restricted below its lethal threshold using a T7 RNA polymerase antisense gene cassette, which allowed long periods of cultivation and protein production. In addition, by designing ribosome binding sites, we further tuned the expression capacity of this novel T7 system within a wide range. This host-independent expression system efficiently expressed genes in five different Gram-negative strains and one Gram-positive strain and was also shown to be applicable in a real industrial d- p-hydroxyphenylglycine production system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenmeng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenya Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grage K, McDermott P, Rehm BHA. Engineering Bacillus megaterium for production of functional intracellular materials. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:211. [PMID: 29166918 PMCID: PMC5700737 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last 10-15 years, a technology has been developed to engineer bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) inclusions as functionalized beads, for applications such as vaccines, diagnostics and enzyme immobilization. This has been achieved by translational fusion of foreign proteins to the PHB synthase (PhaC). The respective fusion protein mediates self-assembly of PHB inclusions displaying the desired protein function. So far, beads have mainly been produced in recombinant Escherichia coli, which is problematic for some applications as the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) co-purified with such inclusions are toxic to humans and animals. RESULTS In this study, we have bioengineered the formation of functional PHB inclusions in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium, an LPS-free and established industrial production host. As B. megaterium is a natural PHB producer, the PHB-negative strain PHA05 was used to avoid any background PHB production. Plasmid-mediated T7 promoter-driven expression of the genes encoding β-ketothiolase (phaA), acetoacetyl-CoA-reductase (phaB) and PHB synthase (phaC) enabled PHB production in B. megaterium PHA05. To produce functionalized PHB inclusions, the N- and C-terminus of PhaC was fused to four and two IgG binding Z-domains from Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The ZZ-domain PhaC fusion protein was strongly overproduced at the surface of the PHB inclusions and the corresponding isolated ZZ-domain displaying PHB beads were found to purify IgG with a binding capacity of 40-50 mg IgG/g beads. As B. megaterium has the ability to sporulate and respective endospores could co-purify with cellular inclusions, a sporulation negative production strain was generated by disrupting the spoIIE gene in PHA05. This strain did not produce spores when tested under sporulation inducing conditions and it was still able to synthesize ZZ-domain displaying PHB beads. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proof of concept for the successful genetic engineering of B. megaterium as a host for the production of functionalized PHB beads. Disruption of the spoIIE gene rendered B. megaterium incapable of sporulation but particularly suitable for production of functionalized PHB beads. This sporulation-negative mutant represents an improved industrial production strain for biotechnological processes otherwise impaired by the possibility of endospore formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Grage
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paul McDermott
- Bioline Reagents Ltd., Unit 16, The Edge Business Centre, Humber Road, London, NW2 6EW, UK
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Juhas M, Ajioka JW. T7 RNA polymerase-driven inducible cell lysis for DNA transfer from Escherichia coli to Bacillus subtilis. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1797-1808. [PMID: 28815907 PMCID: PMC5658589 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the good DNA editing techniques have been developed in Escherichia coli; however, Bacillus subtilis is better host for a plethora of synthetic biology and biotechnology applications. Reliable and efficient systems for the transfer of synthetic DNA between E. coli and B. subtilis are therefore of the highest importance. Using synthetic biology approaches, such as streamlined lambda Red recombineering and Gibson Isothermal Assembly, we integrated genetic circuits pT7L123, Repr‐ts‐1 and pLT7pol encoding the lysis genes of bacteriophages MS2, ΦX174 and lambda, the thermosensitive repressor and the T7 RNA polymerase into the E. coli chromosome. In this system, T7 RNA polymerase regulated by the thermosensitive repressor drives the expression of the phage lysis genes. We showed that T7 RNA polymerase significantly increases efficiency of cell lysis and transfer of the plasmid and bacterial artificial chromosome‐encoded DNA from the lysed E. coli into B. subtilis. The T7 RNA polymerase‐driven inducible cell lysis system is suitable for the efficient cell lysis and transfer of the DNA engineered in E. coli to other naturally competent hosts, such as B. subtilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Juhas
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
| | - James W Ajioka
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Biedendieck R. A Bacillus megaterium System for the Production of Recombinant Proteins and Protein Complexes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 896:97-113. [PMID: 27165321 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
For many years the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium has been used for the production and secretion of recombinant proteins. For this purpose it was systematically optimized. Plasmids with different inducible promoter systems, with different compatible origins, with small tags for protein purification and with various specific signals for protein secretion were combined with genetically improved host strains. Finally, the development of appropriate cultivation conditions for the production strains established this organism as a bacterial cell factory even for large proteins. Along with the overproduction of individual proteins the organism is now also used for the simultaneous coproduction of up to 14 recombinant proteins, multiple subsequently interacting or forming protein complexes. Some of these recombinant strains are successfully used for bioconversion or the biosynthesis of valuable components including vitamins. The titers in the g per liter scale for the intra- and extracellular recombinant protein production prove the high potential of B. megaterium for industrial applications. It is currently further enhanced for the production of recombinant proteins and multi-subunit protein complexes using directed genetic engineering approaches based on transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and fluxome data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Biedendieck
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Functionalized PHB granules provide the basis for the efficient side-chain cleavage of cholesterol and analogs in recombinant Bacillus megaterium. Microb Cell Fact 2015. [PMID: 26215140 PMCID: PMC4517628 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholesterol, the precursor of all steroid hormones, is the most abundant steroid in vertebrates and exhibits highly hydrophobic properties, rendering it a difficult substrate for aqueous microbial biotransformations. In the present study, we developed a Bacillus megaterium based whole-cell system that allows the side-chain cleavage of this sterol and investigated the underlying physiological basis of the biocatalysis. Results CYP11A1, the side-chain cleaving cytochrome P450, was recombinantly expressed in the Gram-positive soil bacterium B. megaterium combined with the required electron transfer proteins. By applying a mixture of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Quillaja saponin as solubilizing agents, the zoosterols cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol, as well as the phytosterol β-sitosterol could be efficiently converted to pregnenolone or 7-dehydropregnenolone. Fluorescence-microscopic analysis revealed that cholesterol accumulates in the carbon and energy storage-serving poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) bodies and that the membrane proteins CYP11A1 and its redox partner adrenodoxin reductase (AdR) are likewise localized to their surrounding phospholipid/protein monolayer. The capacity to store cholesterol was absent in a mutant strain devoid of the PHB-producing polymerase subunit PhaC, resulting in a drastically decreased cholesterol conversion rate, while no effect on the expression of the recombinant proteins could be observed. Conclusion We established a whole-cell system based on B. megaterium, which enables the conversion of the steroid hormone precursor cholesterol to pregnenolone in substantial quantities. We demonstrate that the microorganism’s PHB granules, aggregates of bioplastic coated with a protein/phospholipid monolayer, are crucial for the high conversion rate by serving as substrate storage. This microbial system opens the way for an industrial conversion of the abundantly available cholesterol to any type of steroid hormones, which represent one of the biggest groups of drugs for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0300-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
20
|
Impact of rare codons and the functional coproduction of rate-limiting tRNAs on recombinant protein production in Bacillus megaterium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8999-9010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
21
|
Jajesniak P, Seng Wong T. From genetic circuits to industrial-scale biomanufacturing: bacterial promoters as a cornerstone of biotechnology. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2015.3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
22
|
Kortmann M, Kuhl V, Klaffl S, Bott M. A chromosomally encoded T7 RNA polymerase-dependent gene expression system for Corynebacterium glutamicum: construction and comparative evaluation at the single-cell level. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 8:253-65. [PMID: 25488698 PMCID: PMC4353339 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum has become a favourite model organism in white biotechnology. Nevertheless, only few systems for the regulatable (over)expression of homologous and heterologous genes are currently available, all of which are based on the endogenous RNA polymerase. In this study, we developed an isopropyl-β-d-1-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG)-inducible T7 expression system in the prophage-free strain C. glutamicum MB001. For this purpose, part of the DE3 region of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) including the T7 RNA polymerase gene 1 under control of the lacUV5 promoter was integrated into the chromosome, resulting in strain MB001(DE3). Furthermore, the expression vector pMKEx2 was constructed allowing cloning of target genes under the control of the T7lac promoter. The properties of the system were evaluated using eyfp as heterologous target gene. Without induction, the system was tightly repressed, resulting in a very low specific eYFP fluorescence (= fluorescence per cell density). After maximal induction with IPTG, the specific fluorescence increased 450-fold compared with the uninduced state and was about 3.5 times higher than in control strains expressing eyfp under control of the IPTG-induced tac promoter with the endogenous RNA polymerase. Flow cytometry revealed that T7-based eyfp expression resulted in a highly uniform population, with 99% of all cells showing high fluorescence. Besides eyfp, the functionality of the corynebacterial T7 expression system was also successfully demonstrated by overexpression of the C. glutamicum pyk gene for pyruvate kinase, which led to an increase of the specific activity from 2.6 to 135 U mg−1. It thus presents an efficient new tool for protein overproduction, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches with C. glutamicum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Kortmann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang C, Lu J, Chen L, Lu F, Lu Z. Biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid by a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain expressing the glutamate decarboxylase gene derived from Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus Y2. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Wang G, Li Q, Xu D, Cui M, Sun X, Xu Y, Wang W. Construction of a host-independent T7 expression system with small RNA regulation. J Biotechnol 2014; 189:72-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
25
|
Reductive dehalogenase structure suggests a mechanism for B12-dependent dehalogenation. Nature 2014; 517:513-516. [PMID: 25327251 PMCID: PMC4968649 DOI: 10.1038/nature13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Organohalide chemistry underpins many industrial and agricultural processes, and a large proportion of environmental pollutants are organohalides. Nevertheless, organohalide chemistry is not exclusively of anthropogenic origin, with natural abiotic and biological processes contributing to the global halide cycle. Reductive dehalogenases are responsible for biological dehalogenation in organohalide respiring bacteria, with substrates including polychlorinated biphenyls or dioxins. Reductive dehalogenases form a distinct subfamily of cobalamin (B12)-dependent enzymes that are usually membrane associated and oxygen sensitive, hindering detailed studies. Here we report the characterization of a soluble, oxygen-tolerant reductive dehalogenase and, by combining structure determination with EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy and simulation, show that a direct interaction between the cobalamin cobalt and the substrate halogen underpins catalysis. In contrast to the carbon-cobalt bond chemistry catalysed by the other cobalamin-dependent subfamilies, we propose that reductive dehalogenases achieve reduction of the organohalide substrate via halogen-cobalt bond formation. This presents a new model in both organohalide and cobalamin (bio)chemistry that will guide future exploitation of these enzymes in bioremediation or biocatalysis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma J, Xu J, Guan L, Hu T, Liu Q, Xiao J, Zhang Y. Cell-penetrating peptides mediated protein cross-membrane delivery and its use in bacterial vector vaccine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:8-16. [PMID: 24746937 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is an attractive strategy to develop a recombinant bacterial vector vaccine by expressing exogenous protective antigen to induce the immune response, and the main concern is how to enhance the cellular internalization of antigen produced by bacterial vector. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short cationic/amphipathic peptides which facilitate cellular uptake of various molecular cargoes and therefore have great potentials in vector vaccine design. In this work, eleven different CPPs were fused to the C-terminus of EGFP respectively, and the resultant EGFP-CPP fusion proteins were expressed and purified to assay their cross-membrane transport in macrophage J774 A.1 cells. Among the tested CPPs, TAT showed an excellent capability to deliver the cargo protein EGFP into cytoplasm. In order to establish an efficient antigen delivery system in Escherichia coli, the EGFP-TAT synthesis circuit was combined with an in vivo inducible lysis circuit PviuA-E in E. coli to form an integrated antigen delivery system, the resultant E. coli was proved to be able to lyse upon the induction of a mimic in vivo signal and thus release intracellular EGFP-TAT intensively, which were assumed to undergo a more efficient intracellular delivery by CPP to evoke protective immune responses. Based on the established antigen delivery system, the protective antigen gene flgD from an invasive intracellular fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda EIB202, was applied to establish an E. coli recombinant vector vaccine. This E. coli vector vaccine presented superior immune protection (RPS = 63%) under the challenge with E. tarda EIB202, suggesting that the novel antigen delivery system had great potential in bacterial vector vaccine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jinmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lingyu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tianjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jingfan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Atanassov I, Stefanova K, Tomova I, Kamburova M. Seamless GFP and GFP-Amylase Cloning in Gateway Shuttle Vector, Expression of the Recombinant Proteins inE. ColiandBacillus Megateriumand Assessment of the GFP-Amylase Thermostability. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2013.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
28
|
Wang X, Yang JG, Chen L, Wang JL, Cheng Q, Dixon R, Wang YP. Using synthetic biology to distinguish and overcome regulatory and functional barriers related to nitrogen fixation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68677. [PMID: 23935879 PMCID: PMC3723869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation is a complex process requiring multiple genes working in concert. To date, the Klebsiella pneumoniae nif gene cluster, divided into seven operons, is one of the most studied systems. Its nitrogen fixation capacity is subject to complex cascade regulation and physiological limitations. In this report, the entire K. pneumoniae nif gene cluster was reassembled as operon-based BioBrick parts in Escherichia coli. It provided ~100% activity of native K. pneumoniae system. Based on the expression levels of these BioBrick parts, a T7 RNA polymerase-LacI expression system was used to replace the σ(54)-dependent promoters located upstream of nif operons. Expression patterns of nif operons were critical for the maximum activity of the recombinant system. By mimicking these expression levels with variable-strength T7-dependent promoters, ~42% of the nitrogenase activity of the σ(54)-dependent nif system was achieved in E. coli. When the newly constructed T7-dependent nif system was challenged with different genetic and physiological conditions, it bypassed the original complex regulatory circuits, with minor physiological limitations. Therefore, we have successfully replaced the nif regulatory elements with a simple expression system that may provide the first step for further research of introducing nif genes into eukaryotic organelles, which has considerable potentials in agro-biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Guo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ray Dixon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RD); (YPW)
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (RD); (YPW)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fernández FJ, Vega MC. Technologies to keep an eye on: alternative hosts for protein production in structural biology. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2013; 23:365-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
30
|
Zhou J, Liu H, Du G, Li J, Chen J. Production of α-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase in Bacillus megaterium MS941 by systematic codon usage optimization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10285-10292. [PMID: 23013320 DOI: 10.1021/jf302819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
α-Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase is a key enzyme in the cyclodextrin industry. The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium was chosen for production of recombinant α-CGTase for safety concerns. Successful production of heterologous α-CGTase was achieved by adapting the original α-cgt gene to the codon usage of B. megaterium by systematic codon optimization. This balanced the tRNA pool and reduced ribosomal traffic jams. Protein expression and secretion was ensured by using the strong inducible promoter P(xyl) and the signal peptide SP(LipA). The impact of culture medium composition and induction strategies on α-CGTase production was systematically analyzed. Production and secretion at 32 °C for 24 h using modified culture medium was optimal for α-CGTase yield. Batch- and simple fed-batch fermentation was applied to achieve a high yield of 48.9 U·mL(-1), which was the highest activity reported for a Bacillus species, making this production system a reasonable alternative to Escherichia coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Korneli C, David F, Biedendieck R, Jahn D, Wittmann C. Getting the big beast to work--systems biotechnology of Bacillus megaterium for novel high-value proteins. J Biotechnol 2012; 163:87-96. [PMID: 22750448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The high industrial relevance of the soil bacterium Bacillus megaterium as host for recombinant proteins is driving systems-wide analyses of its metabolic and regulatory networks. The present review highlights novel systems biology tools available to unravel the various cellular components on the level of metabolic and regulatory networks. These provide a rational platform for systems metabolic engineering of B. megaterium. In line, a number of interesting studies have particularly focused on studying recombinant B. megaterium in its industrial bioprocess environment thus integrating systems metabolic engineering with systems biotechnology and providing the full picture toward optimal processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Korneli
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhu Y, Liu J, Du G, Zhou J, Chen J. Sporulation and spore stability of Bacillus megaterium enhance Ketogulonigenium vulgare propagation and 2-keto-L-gulonic acid biosynthesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:399-404. [PMID: 22257860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus spp. is widely used as the companion bacterium in the two-step biosynthesis of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG), which is the direct precursor in the production of vitamin C by Ketogulonigenium vulgare. To understand the effects of sporulation and spore stability on 2-KLG production, the spo0A and spoVFA deletion mutants of Bacillus megaterium were constructed. The sorbose conversion rates of spo0A and spoVFA mutant co-culture systems were 33% and 70% lower, respectively, than that of the wild-type co-culture system. In addition, K. vulgare cell numbers in the two mutant systems declined by 15% and 49%, respectively, compared to the value in the wild-type system. Correlation analysis indicated that the 2-KLG concentration is positively related to sorbose dehydrogenase activity and the K. vulgare cell number. This study demonstrated that sporulation and spore stability of the wild-type companion play key roles in the enhancement of K. vulgare propagation and 2-KLG biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
A T7 RNA polymerase-based toolkit for the concerted expression of clustered genes. J Biotechnol 2012; 159:162-71. [PMID: 22285639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial genes whose enzymes are either assembled into complex multi-domain proteins or form biosynthetic pathways are frequently organized within large chromosomal clusters. The functional expression of clustered genes, however, remains challenging since it generally requires an expression system that facilitates the coordinated transcription of numerous genes irrespective of their natural promoters and terminators. Here, we report on the development of a novel expression system that is particularly suitable for the homologous expression of multiple genes organized in a contiguous cluster. The new expression toolkit consists of an Ω interposon cassette carrying a T7 RNA polymerase specific promoter which is designed for promoter tagging of clustered genes and a small set of broad-host-range plasmids providing the respective polymerase in different bacteria. The uptake hydrogenase gene locus of the photosynthetic non-sulfur purple bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus which consists of 16 genes was used as an example to demonstrate functional expression only by T7 RNA polymerase but not by bacterial RNA polymerase. Our findings clearly indicate that due to its unique properties T7 RNA polymerase can be applied for overexpression of large and complex bacterial gene regions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Eppinger M, Bunk B, Johns MA, Edirisinghe JN, Kutumbaka KK, Koenig SSK, Huot Creasy H, Rosovitz MJ, Riley DR, Daugherty S, Martin M, Elbourne LDH, Paulsen I, Biedendieck R, Braun C, Grayburn S, Dhingra S, Lukyanchuk V, Ball B, Ul-Qamar R, Seibel J, Bremer E, Jahn D, Ravel J, Vary PS. Genome sequences of the biotechnologically important Bacillus megaterium strains QM B1551 and DSM319. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:4199-213. [PMID: 21705586 PMCID: PMC3147683 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00449-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium is deep-rooted in the Bacillus phylogeny, making it an evolutionarily key species and of particular importance in understanding genome evolution, dynamics, and plasticity in the bacilli. B. megaterium is a commercially available, nonpathogenic host for the biotechnological production of several substances, including vitamin B(12), penicillin acylase, and amylases. Here, we report the analysis of the first complete genome sequences of two important B. megaterium strains, the plasmidless strain DSM319 and QM B1551, which harbors seven indigenous plasmids. The 5.1-Mbp chromosome carries approximately 5,300 genes, while QM B1551 plasmids represent a combined 417 kb and 523 genes, one of the largest plasmid arrays sequenced in a single bacterial strain. We have documented extensive gene transfer between the plasmids and the chromosome. Each strain carries roughly 300 strain-specific chromosomal genes that account for differences in their experimentally confirmed phenotypes. B. megaterium is able to synthesize vitamin B(12) through an oxygen-independent adenosylcobalamin pathway, which together with other key energetic and metabolic pathways has now been fully reconstructed. Other novel genes include a second ftsZ gene, which may be responsible for the large cell size of members of this species, as well as genes for gas vesicles, a second β-galactosidase gene, and most but not all of the genes needed for genetic competence. Comprehensive analyses of the global Bacillus gene pool showed that only an asymmetric region around the origin of replication was syntenic across the genus. This appears to be a characteristic feature of the Bacillus spp. genome architecture and may be key to their sporulating lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Eppinger
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Boyke Bunk
- German Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Mitrick A. Johns
- Northern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Janaka N. Edirisinghe
- Northern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Kirthi K. Kutumbaka
- Northern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Sara S. K. Koenig
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Heather Huot Creasy
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | | | - David R. Riley
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Sean Daugherty
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Madeleine Martin
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Microbiology, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Liam D. H. Elbourne
- Macquarie University, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Ian Paulsen
- Macquarie University, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Rebekka Biedendieck
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Microbiology, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Christopher Braun
- Northern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Scott Grayburn
- Northern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Sourabh Dhingra
- Northern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Vitaliy Lukyanchuk
- Northern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Barbara Ball
- Northern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Riaz Ul-Qamar
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Microbiology, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Erhard Bremer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Microbiology, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Patricia S. Vary
- Northern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A new Bacillus megaterium whole-cell catalyst for the hydroxylation of the pentacyclic triterpene 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) based on a recombinant cytochrome P450 system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1135-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
36
|
Functional analysis of the response regulator DegU in Bacillus megaterium DSM319 and comparative secretome analysis of degSU mutants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:699-711. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
37
|
Iron-regulated lysis of recombinant Escherichia coli in host releases protective antigen and confers biological containment. Infect Immun 2011; 79:2608-18. [PMID: 21536797 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01219-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a recombinant bacterial vector vaccine is an attractive vaccination strategy to induce an immune response to a carried protective antigen. The superiorities of live bacterial vectors include mimicry of a natural infection, intrinsic adjuvant properties, and the potential for administration by mucosal routes. Escherichia coli is a simple and efficient vector system for production of exogenous proteins. In addition, many strains are nonpathogenic and avirulent, making it a good candidate for use in recombinant vaccine design. In this study, we screened 23 different iron-regulated promoters in an E. coli BL21(DE3) vector and found one, P(viuB), with characteristics suitable for our use. We fused P(viuB) with lysis gene E, establishing an in vivo inducible lysis circuit. The resulting in vivo lysis circuit was introduced into a strain also carrying an IPTG (isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside)-inducible P(T7)-controlled protein synthesis circuit, forming a novel E. coli-based protein delivery system. The recombinant E. coli produced a large amount of antigen in vitro and could deliver the antigen into zebrafish after vaccination via injection. The strain subsequently lysed in response to the iron-limiting signal in vivo, implementing antigen release and biological containment. The gapA gene, encoding the protective antigen GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) from the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila LSA34, was introduced into the E. coli-based protein delivery system, and the resultant recombinant vector vaccine was evaluated in turbot (Scophtalmus maximus). Over 80% of the vaccinated fish survived challenge with A. hydrophila LSA34, suggesting that the E. coli-based antigen delivery system has great potential in bacterial vector vaccine applications.
Collapse
|
38
|
Biedendieck R, Borgmeier C, Bunk B, Stammen S, Scherling C, Meinhardt F, Wittmann C, Jahn D. Systems biology of recombinant protein production using Bacillus megaterium. Methods Enzymol 2011; 500:165-95. [PMID: 21943898 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385118-5.00010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli is the most widely used production host for recombinant proteins in both academia and industry. The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium represents an increasingly used alternative for high yield intra- and extracellular protein synthesis. During the past two decades, multiple tools including gene expression plasmids and production strains have been developed. Introduction of free replicating and integrative plasmids into B. megaterium is possible via protoplasts transformation or transconjugation. Using His(6)- and StrepII affinity tags, the intra- or extracellular produced proteins can easily be purified in one-step procedures. Different gene expression systems based on the xylose controlled promoter P(xylA) and various phage RNA polymerase (T7, SP6, K1E) driven systems enable B. megaterium to produce up to 1.25g of recombinant protein per liter. Biomass concentrations of up to 80g/l can be achieved by high cell density cultivations in bioreactors. Gene knockouts and gene replacements in B. megaterium are possible via an optimized gene disruption system. For a safe application in industry, sporulation and protease-deficient as well as UV-sensitive mutants are available. With the help of the recently published B. megaterium genome sequence, it is possible to characterize bottle necks in the protein production process via systems biology approaches based on transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and fluxome data. The bioinformatical platform (Megabac, http://www.megabac.tu-bs.de) integrates obtained theoretical and experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Biedendieck
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lussier FX, Chambenoit O, Côté A, Hupé JF, Denis F, Juteau P, Beaudet R, Shareck F. Construction and functional screening of a metagenomic library using a T7 RNA polymerase-based expression cosmid vector. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:1321-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
40
|
Application of Escherichia coli phage K1E DNA-dependent RNA polymerase for in vitro RNA synthesis and in vivo protein production in Bacillus megaterium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:529-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
41
|
Chen PT, Shaw JF, Chao YP, David Ho TH, Yu SM. Construction of chromosomally located T7 expression system for production of heterologous secreted proteins in Bacillus subtilis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:5392-5399. [PMID: 20377228 DOI: 10.1021/jf100445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is most commonly employed for secretion of recombinant proteins. To circumvent the problems caused by using plasmids, the T7 expression system known for its high efficiency was rebuilt in B. subtilis. Accordingly, a markerless and replicon-free method was developed for genomic insertion of DNAs. By the act of homologous recombination via the guide DNA, a suicidal vector carrying the gene of interest was integrated into genomic loci of bacteria. Removal of the inserted selection marker and replicon flanked by FRT sites was mediated by the FLP recombinase. By using the mentioned system, B. subtilis strain PT5 was constructed to harbor a genomic copy of the spac promoter-regulated T7 gene 1 located at wprA (encoding the cell wall-associated protease). Similarly, the T7 promoter-driven nattokinase or endoglucanase E1 of Thermomonospora fusca genes were also integrated into mpr (encoding an extracellular protease) of strain PT5. Consequently, the integrant PT5/Mmp-T7N or PT5/MT1-E1 resulted in a "clean" producer strain deprived of six proteases. After 24 h, the strain receiving induction was able to secret nattokinase and endoglucanase E1 with the volumetric activity reaching 10860 CU/mL and 8.4 U/mL, respectively. This result clearly indicates the great promise of the proposed approach for high secretion of recombinant proteins in B. subtilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po Ting Chen
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
High-yield intra- and extracellular protein production using Bacillus megaterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4037-46. [PMID: 20435764 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00431-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus megaterium protein production system based on the inducible promoter of the xyl operon (P(xylA)) was systematically optimized. Multiple changes in basic promoter elements, such as the -10 and -35 region and the ribosome-binding site, resulted in an 18-fold increase of protein production compared to the production of the previously established system. The production in shaking-flask culture of green fluorescent protein (Gfp) as a model product led to 82.5 mg per g cell dry weight (g(CDW)) or 124 mg liter(-1). In fed-batch cultivation, the volumetric protein yield was increased 10-fold to 1.25 g liter(-1), corresponding to 36.8 mg protein per g(CDW). Furthermore, novel signal peptides for Sec-dependent protein secretion were predicted in silico using the B. megaterium genome. Subsequently, leader peptides of Vpr, NprM, YngK, YocH, and a computationally designed artificial peptide were analyzed experimentally for their potential to facilitate the secretion of the heterologous model protein Thermobifida fusca hydrolase (Tfh). The best extracellular protein production, 5,000 to 6,200 U liter(-1) (5.3 to 6.6 mg liter(-1)), was observed for strains where the Tfh export was facilitated by a codon-optimized leader peptide of YngK and by the signal peptide of YocH. Further increases in extracellular protein production were achieved when leader peptides were used in combination with the optimized expression system. In this case, the greatest extracellular enzyme amount of 7,200 U liter(-1), 7.7 mg liter(-1), was achieved by YocH leader peptide-mediated protein export. Nevertheless, the observed principal limitations in protein export might be related to components of the Sec-dependent protein transport system.
Collapse
|
43
|
Bunk B, Schulz A, Stammen S, Münch R, Warren MJ, Rohde M, Jahn D, Biedendieck R. A short story about a big magic bug. Bioeng Bugs 2010; 1:85-91. [PMID: 21326933 PMCID: PMC3026448 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.1.2.11101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium, the "big beast," is a Gram-positive bacterium with a size of 4 × 1.5 µm. During the last years, it became more and more popular in the field of biotechnology for its recombinant protein production capacity. For the purpose of intra- as well as extracellular protein synthesis several vectors were constructed and commercialized (MoBiTec GmbH, Germany). On the basis of two compatible vectors, a T7 RNA polymerase driven protein production system was established. Vectors for chromosomal integration enable the direct manipulation of the genome. The vitamin B(12) biosynthesis of B. megaterium served as a model for the systematic development of a production strain using these tools. For this purpose, the overexpression of chromosomal and plasmid encoded genes and operons, the synthesis of anti-sense RNA for gene silencing, the removal of inhibitory regulatory elements in combination with the utilization of strong promoters, directed protein design, and the recombinant production of B(12) binding proteins to overcome feedback inhibition were successfully employed. For further system biotechnology based optimization strategies the genome sequence will provide a closer look into genomic capacities of B. megaterium. DNA arrays are available. Proteome, fluxome and metabolome analyses are possible. All data can be integrated by using a novel bioinformatics platform. Finally, the size of the "big beast" B. megaterium invites for cell biology research projects. All these features provide a solid basis for challenging biotechnological approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyke Bunk
- Institute of Microbiology; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Simon Stammen
- Institute of Microbiology; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Richard Münch
- Institute of Microbiology; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin J Warren
- Protein Science Group; Department of Biosciences; University of Kent; Canterbury, Kent UK
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis; HZ1-Helmholtz Ceter for Infection Research; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Institute of Microbiology; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rebekka Biedendieck
- Protein Science Group; Department of Biosciences; University of Kent; Canterbury, Kent UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Biedendieck R, Bunk B, Fürch T, Franco-Lara E, Jahn M, Jahn D. Systems biology of recombinant protein production in Bacillus megaterium. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 120:133-161. [PMID: 20140656 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium was systematically developed to a useful alternative protein production host. Multiple vector systems for high yield intra- and extracellular protein production were constructed. Strong inducible promoters were combined with DNA sequences for optimised ribosome binding sites, various leader peptides for protein export and N- as well as C-terminal affinity tags for affinity chromatographic purification of the desired protein. High cell density cultivation and recombinant protein production were successfully tested. For further system biology based control and optimisation of the production process the genomes of two B. megaterium strains were completely elucidated, DNA arrays designed, proteome, fluxome and metabolome analyses performed and all data integrated using the bioinformatics platform MEGABAC. Now, solid theoretical and experimental bases for primary modeling attempts of the production process are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Biedendieck
- Protein Science Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT27NJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Adaptation of the highly productive T7 expression system to Streptomyces lividans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 76:967-70. [PMID: 20023105 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02186-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces lividans is a Gram-positive bacterium known for its remarkable secretion efficiency and low extracellular protease activity. In the present work, we adapted the highly productive T7 expression system to S. lividans. A codon-optimized T7 RNA polymerase gene was chromosomally integrated, and a bifunctional T7 expression vector was constructed.
Collapse
|