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Icer MA, Sarikaya B, Kocyigit E, Atabilen B, Çelik MN, Capasso R, Ağagündüz D, Budán F. Contributions of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria on Food Quality and Human Health: Current Applications and Future Prospects. Foods 2024; 13:2437. [PMID: 39123629 PMCID: PMC11311711 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The need to increase food safety and improve human health has led to a worldwide increase in interest in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), produced by lactic acid bacteria (LABs). GABA, produced from glutamic acid in a reaction catalyzed by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), is a four-carbon, non-protein amino acid that is increasingly used in the food industry to improve the safety/quality of foods. In addition to the possible positive effects of GABA, called a postbiotic, on neuroprotection, improving sleep quality, alleviating depression and relieving pain, the various health benefits of GABA-enriched foods such as antidiabetic, antihypertension, and anti-inflammatory effects are also being investigated. For all these reasons, it is not surprising that efforts to identify LAB strains with a high GABA productivity and to increase GABA production from LABs through genetic engineering to increase GABA yield are accelerating. However, GABA's contributions to food safety/quality and human health have not yet been fully discussed in the literature. Therefore, this current review highlights the synthesis and food applications of GABA produced from LABs, discusses its health benefits such as, for example, alleviating drug withdrawal syndromes and regulating obesity and overeating. Still, other potential food and drug interactions (among others) remain unanswered questions to be elucidated in the future. Hence, this review paves the way toward further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - Buse Sarikaya
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - Emine Kocyigit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu 52000, Turkey;
| | - Büşra Atabilen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70100, Turkey;
| | - Menşure Nur Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55000, Turkey;
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey;
| | - Ferenc Budán
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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2
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Fermentation performance, nutrient composition, and flavor volatiles in soy milk after mixed culture fermentation. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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3
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Patel A, Enman J, Gulkova A, Guntoro PI, Dutkiewicz A, Ghorbani Y, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Integrating biometallurgical recovery of metals with biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128306. [PMID: 33297243 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial activities, such as mining, electroplating, cement production, and metallurgical operations, as well as manufacturing of plastics, fertilizers, pesticides, batteries, dyes or anticorrosive agents, can cause metal contamination in the surrounding environment. This is an acute problem due to the non-biodegradable nature of metal pollutants, their transformation into toxic and carcinogenic compounds, and bioaccumulation through the food chain. At the same time, platinum group metals and rare earth elements are of strong economic interest and their recovery is incentivized. Microbial interaction with metals or metals-bearing minerals can facilitate metals recovery in the form of nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles are gaining increasing attention due to their unique characteristics and application as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, biocatalysts, in targeted drug delivery, for wastewater treatment, and in water electrolysis. Ideally, metal nanoparticles should be homogenous in shape and size, and not toxic to humans or the environment. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles represents a safe, and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical and physical methods. In this review article, we mainly focus on metal and metal salts nanoparticles synthesized by various microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and yeasts, as well as their advantages in biomedical, health, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Josefine Enman
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | | | - Pratama Istiadi Guntoro
- Mineral Processing, Division of Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Yousef Ghorbani
- Mineral Processing, Division of Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
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Stable Colonization of Orally Administered Lactobacillus casei SY13 Alters the Gut Microbiota. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5281639. [PMID: 32104695 PMCID: PMC7040389 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5281639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in intestinal health. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus are known to regulate gut microbes and prevent diseases. However, most of them are unable to colonize their stability in hosts' intestinal tracts. In this study, we investigated the ability of Lactobacillus casei SY13 (SY13) to colonize the intestinal tract of BALB/c mice, after its oral administration for a short-term (once for a day) and long-term (once daily for 27 days) duration. Furthermore, we also evaluated the influence of its administration on the gut microbial structure and diversity in mice. Male BALB/c mice were gavaged with 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of SY13, and TaqMan-MGB probe and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were performed to assess the colonization ability and bacterial community structure in the cecum contents. The results showed that long-term treatment with SY13 enhanced its ability to form a colony in the intestine tract in contrast to the short-term treatment group, whose colony was retained for only 3 days. Oral administration of SY13 also significantly enhanced the gut microbial diversity. Short-term treatment with SY13 (SSY13) elevated Firmicutes and diminished Bacteroidetes phyla compared with long-term treatment (LSY13) and controls. The findings laid the foundation for the study of probiotic colonization ability and improvement of microbiota for the prevention of gut diseases.
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5
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Cui Y, Miao K, Niyaphorn S, Qu X. Production of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030995. [PMID: 32028587 PMCID: PMC7037312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is widely distributed in nature and considered a potent bioactive compound with numerous and important physiological functions, such as anti-hypertensive and antidepressant activities. There is an ever-growing demand for GABA production in recent years. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are one of the most important GABA producers because of their food-grade nature and potential of producing GABA-rich functional foods directly. In this paper, the GABA-producing LAB species, the biosynthesis pathway of GABA by LAB, and the research progress of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the key enzyme of GABA biosynthesis, were reviewed. Furthermore, GABA production enhancement strategies are reviewed, from optimization of culture conditions and genetic engineering to physiology-oriented engineering approaches and co-culture methods. The advances in both the molecular mechanisms of GABA biosynthesis and the technologies of synthetic biology and genetic engineering will promote GABA production of LAB to meet people’s demand for GABA. The aim of the review is to provide an insight of microbial engineering for improved production of GABA by LAB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cui
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; (K.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kai Miao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; (K.M.)
| | - Siripitakyotin Niyaphorn
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; (K.M.)
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China;
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6
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Mechanisms and improvement of acid resistance in lactic acid bacteria. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:195-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Purification and primary characterization of a novel bacteriocin, LiN333, from Lactobacillus casei, an isolate from a Chinese fermented food. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Lyu CJ, Zhao WR, Hu S, Huang J, Lu T, Jin ZH, Mei LH, Yao SJ. Physiology-Oriented Engineering Strategy to Improve Gamma-Aminobutyrate Production in Lactobacillus brevis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:858-866. [PMID: 28067044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) is an important chemical in the pharmaceutical field. GABA-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) offer the opportunity of developing this health-oriented product. In this study, the gadA, gadB, gadC, gadCB, and gadCA gene segments of Lactobacillus brevis were cloned into pMG36e, and strain Lb. brevis/pMG36e-gadA was selected for thorough characterization in terms of GABA production after analysis of GAD activities. Subsequently, a physiology-oriented engineering strategy was adopted to construct an FoF1-ATPase deficient strain NRA6 with higher GAD activity. As expected, strain NRA6 could produce GABA at a concentration of 43.65 g/L with a 98.42% GABA conversion rate in GYP fermentation medium, which is 1.22-fold higher than that obtained by the wild-type strain in the same condition. This work demonstrates how the acid stress response mechanisms of LAB can be employed to develop cell factories with improved production efficiency and contributes to research into the development of the physiology-oriented engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jiang Lyu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Wei-Rui Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology , Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Le-He Mei
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
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9
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Stefanovic E, Fitzgerald G, McAuliffe O. Advances in the genomics and metabolomics of dairy lactobacilli: A review. Food Microbiol 2017; 61:33-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Kang BK, Cho MS, Park DS. Red pepper powder is a crucial factor that influences the ontogeny of Weissella cibaria during kimchi fermentation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28232. [PMID: 27311801 PMCID: PMC4911571 DOI: 10.1038/srep28232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Weissella cibaria has been found in Korean kimchi and other sources, including fermented foods, Greek salami, Spanish sausages, and animal and human excrement. W. cibaria was recently reported to show anticancer, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, fundamental ecological succession studies are required to scientifically confirm the probiotic action of W. cibaria under various conditions, such as fermentation. Therefore, in the present study, we mined the W. cibaria KACC11862 genome in search of species-specific genes to use as new PCR targets for the detection and quantification of W. cibaria in kimchi. The sensitivity and specificity of the identified primer set from the putative outer membrane protein gene for the detection of W. cibaria KACC11862 in kimchi were analysed. Primer set specificity was evaluated using genomic DNA from eight W. cibaria isolates, 10 different species of Weissella and 13 other reference lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains. Interestingly, by using the qPCR assay developed herein, we found that red pepper powder markedly affects the ontogeny of W. cibaria during kimchi fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyoung Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Suk Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
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11
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Vasilopoulos C, De Vuyst L, Leroy F. Shelf-life Reduction as an Emerging Problem in Cooked Hams Underlines the Need for Improved Preservation Strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1425-43. [PMID: 24915326 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.695413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cooked hams have gained an important position within the delicatessen market. Nowadays, consumers not only demand superior sensory properties but also request low levels of sodium and fat and the absence of conventional chemicals and preservatives used for the increase of the technological yield and shelf-life of the products. As a result, products that apply strict quality certificates or ''clean'' labels become increasingly important. However, such cooked hams suffer from a limited shelf-life. Besides some physicochemical effects, this is mainly due to microbial impact, despite the application of modified-atmosphere-packaging and chilling. Microbial spoilage is mostly due to the metabolic manifestation of lactic acid bacteria and Brochothrix thermosphacta, although Enterobacteriaceae and yeasts may occur too. Several preservation strategies have been developed to prolong the shelf-life of such vulnerable cooked meat products by targeting the microbial communities, with different rates of success. Whereas high-pressure treatments do not always pose a straightforward solution, a promising strategy relates to the use of bioprotective cultures containing lactic acid bacteria. The latter consist of strains that are deliberately added to the ham to outcompete undesirable microorganisms. Spoilage problems seem, however, to be specific for each product and processing line, underlining the importance of tailor-made solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Vasilopoulos
- a Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 , Brussels , Belgium
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12
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Bile salt tolerance of Lactococcus lactis is enhanced by expression of bile salt hydrolase thereby producing less bile acid in the cells. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:659-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-2018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Ferreira A, de Oliveira M, Freitas F, Paiva A, Alfenas-Zerbini P, da Silva D, de Queiroz M, Borges A, de Moraes C. Involvement of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in acid stress response in probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2b20. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:719-25. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid decarboxylation is important for the maintenance of intracellular pH under acid stress. This study aims to carry out phylogenetic and expression analysis by real-time PCR of two genes that encode proteins involved in ornithine decarboxylation in Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2b20 exposed to acid stress. Sequencing and phylogeny analysis of genes encoding ornithine decarboxylase and amino acid permease in L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 showed their high sequence identity (99%) and grouping with those of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842. Exposure of L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 cells in MRS pH 3.5 for 30 and 60 min caused a significant increase in expression of the gene encoding ornithine decarboxylase (up to 8.1 times higher when compared to the control treatment). Increased expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene demonstrates its involvement in acid stress response in L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20, evidencing that the protein encoded by that gene could be involved in intracellular pH regulation. The results obtained show ornithine decarboxylation as a possible mechanism of adaptation to an acidic environmental condition, a desirable and necessary characteristic for probiotic cultures and certainly important to the survival and persistence of the L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 in the human gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.B. Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
| | - M.N.V. de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento Básico – Área Saúde, Governador Valadares, MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - F.S. Freitas
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
| | - A.D. Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil
| | - P. Alfenas-Zerbini
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
| | - D.F. da Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Departamento de Nutrição, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - M.V. de Queiroz
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
| | - A.C. Borges
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
| | - C.A. de Moraes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
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Mansour NM, Heine H, Abdou SM, Shenana ME, Zakaria MK, El-Diwany A. Isolation of Enterococcus faecium NM113, Enterococcus faecium NM213 and Lactobacillus casei NM512 as novel probiotics with immunomodulatory properties. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 58:559-69. [PMID: 25130071 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics, defined as living bacteria that are beneficial for human health, mainly function through their immunomodulatory abilities. Hence, these microorganisms have proven successful for treating diseases resulting from immune deregulation. The aim of this study was to find novel candidates to improve on and complement current probiotic treatment strategies. Of 60 lactic acid bacterial strains that were isolated from fecal samples of healthy, full-term, breast-fed infants, three were chosen because of their ability to activate human immune cells. These candidates were then tested with regard to immunomodulatory properties, antimicrobial effects on pathogens, required pharmacological properties and their safety profiles. To identify the immunomodulatory structures of the selected isolates, activation of specific innate immune receptors was studied. The three candidates for probiotic treatment were assigned Enterococcus faecium NM113, Enterococcus faecium NM213 and Lactobacillus casei NM512. Compared with the established allergy-protective strain Lactococcus lactis G121, these isolates induced release of similar amounts of IL-12, a potent inducer of T helper 1 cells. In addition, all three neonatal isolates had antimicrobial activity against pathogens. Analysis of pharmacological suitability showed high tolerance of low pH, bile salts and pancreatic enzymes. In terms of safe application in humans, the isolates were sensitive to three antibiotics (chloramphenicol, tetracycline and erythromycin). In addition, the Enterococcus isolates were free from the four major virulence genes (cylA, agg, efaAfs and ccf). Moreover, the isolates strongly activated Toll-like receptor 2, which suggests lipopeptides as their active immunomodulatory structure. Thus, three novel bacterial strains with great potential as probiotic candidates and promising immunomodulatory properties have here been identified and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla M Mansour
- Gut Microbiology and Immunology Group, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences (CEAS), National Research Centre; Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
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15
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Ferrer Valenzuela J, Pinuer LA, García Cancino A, Bórquez Yáñez R. Metabolic Fluxes in Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Review. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2015.1027913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Alfano A, Donnarumma G, Cimini D, Fusco A, Marzaioli I, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. Lactobacillus plantarum: Microfiltration experiments for the production of probiotic biomass to be used in food and nutraceutical preparations. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:325-33. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Alfano
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Iolanda Marzaioli
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
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17
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Physiological and proteomic analysis of Lactobacillus casei in response to acid adaptation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:1533-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the acid tolerance response (ATR) in Lactobacillus casei by a combined physiological and proteomic analysis. To optimize the ATR induction, cells were acid adapted for 1 h at different pHs, and then acid challenged at pH 3.5. The result showed that acid adaptation improved acid tolerance, and the highest survival was observed in cells adapted at pH 4.5 for 1 h. Analysis of the physiological data showed that the acid-adapted cells exhibited higher intracellular pH (pHi), intracellular NH4+ content, and lower inner permeability compared with the cells without adaptation. Proteomic analysis was performed upon acid adaptation to different pHs (pH 6.5 vs. pH 4.5) using two-dimensional electrophoresis. A total of 24 proteins that exhibited at least 1.5-fold differential expression were identified. Four proteins (Pgk, LacD, Hpr, and Galm) involved in carbohydrate catabolism and five classic stress response proteins (GroEL, GrpE, Dnak, Hspl, and LCAZH_2811) were up-regulated after acid adaptation at pH 4.5 for 1 h. Validation of the proteomic data was performed by quantitative RT-PCR, and transcriptional regulation of all selected genes showed a positive correlation with the proteomic patterns of the identified proteins. Results presented in this study may be useful for further elucidating the acid tolerance mechanisms and may help in formulating new strategies to improve the industrial performance of this species during acid stress.
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Yu S, Peng Y, Chen W, Deng Y, Guo Y. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in Probiotic Lactobacillus casei. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 54:293-301. [PMID: 24891736 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei has traditionally been recognized as a probiotic, thus needing to survive the industrial production processes and transit through the gastrointestinal tract before providing benefit to human health. The two-component signal transduction system (TCS) plays important roles in sensing and reacting to environmental changes, which consists of a histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR). In this study we identified HKs and RRs of six sequenced L. casei strains. Ortholog analysis revealed 15 TCS clusters (HK-RR pairs), one orphan HKs and three orphan RRs, of which 12 TCS clusters were common to all six strains, three were absent in one strain. Further classification of the predicted HKs and RRs revealed interesting aspects of their putative functions. Some TCS clusters are involved with the response under the stress of the bile salts, acid, or oxidative, which contribute to survive the difficult journey through the human gastrointestinal tract. Computational predictions of 15 TCSs were verified by PCR experiments. This genomic level study of TCSs should provide valuable insights into the conservation and divergence of TCS proteins in the L. casei strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuijing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Bright Dairy & Food Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200436 People's Republic of China ; Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, No. 86, Hongqi Ave., Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Peng
- Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, No. 86, Hongqi Ave., Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Bright Dairy & Food Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200436 People's Republic of China
| | - Yangwu Deng
- Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, No. 86, Hongqi Ave., Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Guo
- Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, No. 86, Hongqi Ave., Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi People's Republic of China
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Wu C, Huang J, Zhou R. Progress in engineering acid stress resistance of lactic acid bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1055-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Ferreira AB, De Oliveira MNV, Freitas FS, Alfenas-Zerbini P, Da Silva DF, De Queiroz MV, Borges AC, De Moraes CA. Increased expression of clp genes in Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2b20 exposed to acid stress and bile salts. Benef Microbes 2013; 4:367-374. [PMID: 24311319 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2024]
Abstract
The ability to survive in harsh environments is an important criterion to select potential probiotics strains. The objective of this study was to identify and carry out phylogenetic and expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR of the clpP, clpE, clpL and clpX genes in the probiotic strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2b20 exposed to the conditions prevailing in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Phylogenetic trees reconstructed by Bayesian inference showed that the L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 clpP, clpL and clpE genes and the ones from L. delbrueckii ATCC 11842 were grouped. The exposure of cells to MRS broth of pH 3.5 for 30 and 60 min resulted in an increased expression of the four genes. Exposure of the L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 cells for 30 and 60 min to MRS broth containing 0.1% bile salts increased the expression of the clpP and clpE genes, while the expression level of the clpL and clpX genes increased only after 30 min of exposure. The involvement of the studied genes in the responses to acid stress and bile salts suggests a possible central role of these genes in the survival of L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 during the passage through the GIT, a characteristic necessary for probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
| | - M N V De Oliveira
- Departamento Básico - Área de Saúde, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - F S Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
| | - P Alfenas-Zerbini
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
| | - D F Da Silva
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - M V De Queiroz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
| | - A C Borges
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
| | - C A De Moraes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
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21
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From physiology to systems metabolic engineering for the production of biochemicals by lactic acid bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:764-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Bull M, Plummer S, Marchesi J, Mahenthiralingam E. The life history ofLactobacillus acidophilusas a probiotic: a tale of revisionary taxonomy, misidentification and commercial success. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 349:77-87. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bull
- Organisms and Environment Division; Cardiff School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | | | - Julian Marchesi
- Organisms and Environment Division; Cardiff School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology; St Mary's Hospital; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Eshwar Mahenthiralingam
- Organisms and Environment Division; Cardiff School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
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23
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Wu C, Zhang J, Du G, Chen J. Heterologous expression of Lactobacillus casei RecO improved the multiple-stress tolerance and lactic acid production in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 during salt stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:238-41. [PMID: 23796607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nisin-inducible RecO expression on the stress tolerance of Lactococcus lactis NZ9000. RecO protein from Lactobacillus casei Zhang was introduced into Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 by using a nisin-inducible expression system. The recombinant strain (NZ-RecO) exhibited higher growth performances and survival rate compared with the control strain (NZ-Vector) under stress conditions. In addition, the NZ-RecO strain exhibited 1.37-, 1.41-, and 1.42-fold higher biomass, lactate production, lactate productivity, compared with the corresponding values for NZ-Vector during NaCl-stressed condition. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity showed that the production of RecO maintained the stability of LDH during salt stress. These results suggest that overproduction of RecO improved the multiple-stress tolerance and lactic acid production in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 during salt stress. Results presented in this study may help to enhance the industrial utility of lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongde Wu
- Key Laboratory for Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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Xu C, Liu L, Zhang Z, Jin D, Qiu J, Chen M. Genome-scale metabolic model in guiding metabolic engineering of microbial improvement. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Lactobacillus casei combats acid stress by maintaining cell membrane functionality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:1031-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei strains have traditionally been recognized as probiotics and frequently used as adjunct culture in fermented dairy products where lactic acid stress is a frequently encountered environmental condition. We have investigated the effect of lactic acid stress on the cell membrane of L. casei Zhang [wild type (WT)] and its acid-resistant mutant Lbz-2. Both strains were grown under glucose-limiting conditions in chemostats; following challenge by low pH, the cell membrane stress responses were investigated. In response to acid stress, cell membrane fluidity decreased and its fatty acid composition changed to reduce the damage caused by lactic acid. Compared with the WT, the acid-resistant mutant exhibited numerous survival advantages, such as higher membrane fluidity, higher proportions of unsaturated fatty acids, and higher mean chain length. In addition, cell integrity analysis showed that the mutant maintained a more intact cellular structure and lower membrane permeability after environmental acidification. These results indicate that alteration in membrane fluidity, fatty acid distribution, and cell integrity are common mechanisms utilized by L. casei to withstand severe acidification and to reduce the deleterious effect of lactic acid on the cell membrane. This detailed comparison of cell membrane responses between the WT and mutant add to our knowledge of the acid stress adaptation and thus enable new strategies to be developed aimed at improving the industrial performance of this species under acid stress.
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26
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Zhang J, Wu C, Du G, Chen J. Enhanced acid tolerance in Lactobacillus casei by adaptive evolution and compared stress response during acid stress. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Faye T, Tamburello A, Vegarud G, Skeie S. Survival of lactic acid bacteria from fermented milks in an in vitro digestion model exploiting sequential incubation in human gastric and duodenum juice. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:558-66. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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A combined physiological and proteomic approach to reveal lactic-acid-induced alterations in Lactobacillus casei Zhang and its mutant with enhanced lactic acid tolerance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:707-22. [PMID: 22159611 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei has traditionally been recognized as a probiotic and frequently used as an adjunct culture in fermented dairy products, where acid stress is an environmental condition commonly encountered. In the present study, we carried out a comparative physiological and proteomic study to investigate lactic-acid-induced alterations in Lactobacillus casei Zhang (WT) and its acid-resistant mutant. Analysis of the physiological data showed that the mutant exhibited 33.8% higher glucose phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system activity and lower glycolytic pH compared with the WT under acidic conditions. In addition, significant differences were detected in both cells during acid stress between intracellular physiological state, including intracellular pH, H(+)-ATPase activity, and intracellular ATP pool. Comparison of the proteomic data based on 2D-DIGE and i-TRAQ indicated that acid stress invoked a global change in both strains. The mutant protected the cells against acid damage by regulating the expression of key proteins involved in cellular metabolism, DNA replication, RNA synthesis, translation, and some chaperones. Proteome results were validated by Lactobacillus casei displaying higher intracellular aspartate and arginine levels, and the survival at pH 3.3 was improved 1.36- and 2.10-fold by the addition of 50-mM aspartate and arginine, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that aspartate may be involved in acid tolerance in Lactobacillus casei. Results presented here may help us understand acid resistance mechanisms and help formulate new strategies to enhance the industrial applications of this species.
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29
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Potential use of lactic acid bacteria for reduction of allergenicity and for longer conservation of fermented foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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31
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El-Ghaish S, Dalgalarrondo M, Choiset Y, Sitohy M, Ivanova I, Haertlé T, Chobert JM. Screening of strains of Lactococci isolated from Egyptian dairy products for their proteolytic activity. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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MILLS SUSAN, O’SULLIVAN ORLA, HILL COLIN, FITZGERALD GERALD, ROSS RPAUL. The changing face of dairy starter culture research: From genomics to economics. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2010.00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Construction of a new shuttle vector and its use for cloning and expression of two plasmid-encoded bacteriocins from Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BGSJ2-8. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 140:117-24. [PMID: 20439125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new shuttle-cloning vector, pA13, was constructed and successfully introduced into Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus strains. It showed high segregational and structural stability in all three hosts. The natural plasmid pSJ2-8 from L. paracasei subsp. paracasei BGSJ2-8 was cloned into pA13 using BamHI to obtain the construct, pB5. Sequencing and in silico analysis of pB5 revealed fifteen open reading frames (ORF). Plasmid pSJ2-8 harbours genes encoding the production of two bacteriocins, BacSJ and acidocin 8912. Combined N-terminal amino acid sequencing of BacSJ in combination with DNA sequencing of the bacSJ2-8 gene enabled determination of the primary structure of bacteriocin BacSJ. The bacSJ2-8 gene encodes 68-amino-acid peptide with a double-glycine leader peptide consisting of 18 amino acids, followed by the orf2 (bacSJ2-8i) which encodes the immunity protein of BacSJ. The production and functional expression of BacSJ in homologous and heterologous hosts suggest that bacSJ2-8 and bacSJ2-8i together with the genes encoding the ABC transporter and accessory protein are the minimal requirements for production of BacSJ. Biochemical and genetic analyses showed that BacSJ belongs to class II bacteriocins.
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Proteomic analyses to reveal the protective role of glutathione in resistance of Lactococcus lactis to osmotic stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:3177-86. [PMID: 20348298 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02942-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that glutathione can protect Lactococcus lactis against oxidative stress and acid stress. In this study, we show that glutathione taken up by L. lactis SK11 can protect this organism against osmotic stress. When exposed to 5 M NaCl, L. lactis SK11 cells containing glutathione exhibited significantly improved survival compared to the control cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the integrity of L. lactis SK11 cells containing glutathione was maintained for at least 24 h, whereas autolysis of the control cells occurred within 2 h after exposure to this osmotic stress. Comparative proteomic analyses using SK11 cells containing or not containing glutathione that were exposed or not exposed to osmotic stress were performed. The results revealed that 21 of 29 differentially expressed proteins are involved in metabolic pathways, mainly sugar metabolism. Several glycolytic enzymes of L. lactis were significantly upregulated in the presence of glutathione, which might be the key for improving the general stress resistance of a strain. Together with the results of previous studies, the results of this study demonstrated that glutathione plays important roles in protecting L. lactis against multiple environmental stresses; thus, glutathione can be considered a general protectant for improving the robustness and stability of dairy starter cultures.
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35
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Milne CB, Kim PJ, Eddy JA, Price ND. Accomplishments in genome-scale in silico modeling for industrial and medical biotechnology. Biotechnol J 2010; 4:1653-70. [PMID: 19946878 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Driven by advancements in high-throughput biological technologies and the growing number of sequenced genomes, the construction of in silico models at the genome scale has provided powerful tools to investigate a vast array of biological systems and applications. Here, we review comprehensively the uses of such models in industrial and medical biotechnology, including biofuel generation, food production, and drug development. While the use of in silico models is still in its early stages for delivering to industry, significant initial successes have been achieved. For the cases presented here, genome-scale models predict engineering strategies to enhance properties of interest in an organism or to inhibit harmful mechanisms of pathogens. Going forward, genome-scale in silico models promise to extend their application and analysis scope to become a trans-formative tool in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Milne
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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