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Rouhi E, Sadeghi A, Jafari SM, Abdolhoseini M, Assadpour E. Effect of the controlled fermented quinoa containing protective starter culture on technological characteristics of wheat bread supplemented with red lentil. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:2193-2203. [PMID: 37273558 PMCID: PMC10232387 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selected antifungal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from mature spontaneous quinoa sourdough was used as potential starter culture to produce loaf wheat bread containing controlled fermented quinoa (CFQ) supplemented with red lentil (RL) flour. Phylogenetic evolutionary tree led to the identification of Enterococcus hirae as the selected LAB isolate. Furthermore, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between bread containing CFQ and control in terms of hardness. The highest loaf specific volume and overall acceptability were also observed in control sample and wheat bread containing CFQ + RL, respectively. Meanwhile, the rate of surface fungal growth on wheat bread enriched with CFQ was significantly lower than the other samples. In accordance with a non-linear multivariable model, positive and negative correlations were observed between porosity and specific volume (+ 0.79), and also specific volume and crumb hardness (- 0.70), respectively. Accordingly, CFQ can be used as bio-preservative to produce clean-label supplemented wheat bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rouhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49138-15739 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49138-15739 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdolhoseini
- Department of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Food and Bio-Nanotech International Research Center (Fabiano), Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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2
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Plant chitinases and their role in plant defense – a comprehensive review. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 159:110055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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3
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Characterization of the Chitinase Gene Family in Mulberry (Morus notabilis) and MnChi18 Involved in Resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010098. [PMID: 35052438 PMCID: PMC8774697 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinase is a hydrolase that uses chitin as a substrate. It plays an important role in plant resistance to fungal pathogens by degrading chitin. Here, we conducted bioinformatics analysis and transcriptome data analysis of the mulberry (Morus notabilis) chitinase gene family to determine its role in the resistance to Botrytis cinerea. A total of 26 chitinase genes were identified, belonging to the GH18 and GH19 families. Among them, six chitinase genes were differentially expressed under the infection of B. cinerea. MnChi18, which significantly responded to B. cinerea, was heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The resistance of MnChi18 transgenic Arabidopsis to B. cinerea was significantly enhanced, and after inoculation with B. cinerea, the activity of catalase (CAT) increased and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. This shows that overexpression of MnChi18 can protect cells from damage. In addition, our study also indicated that MnChi18 may be involved in B. cinerea resistance through other resistance-related genes. This study provides an important basis for further understanding the function of mulberry chitinase.
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Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Purple French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Affected by Water Deficit Irrigation and Biostimulants Application. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants are a novel and eco-friendly agronomic tool with practical applications in alleviating negative effects of environmental stressors. The present work studied the effects of three biostimulant products (Nomoren (N), Twin-Antistress (TW), and X-Stress (XS)) under normal irrigation (W+) and water deficit irrigation conditions (W−) on the nutritional, chemical composition and bioactive properties of common bean fresh pods. A variable effect of biostimulants and water deficit irrigation was observed on nutritional value parameters, while fructose and sucrose were the main detected sugars, especially in NW+ and CW− treatments. Oxalic, malic, and citric acid were the main detected organic acids, while γ- and total tocopherol content was the highest in TWW+. (+)-Catechin and (−)-epicatechin were the most abundant phenolic compounds, especially in the NW− treatment. A variable antioxidant capacity was observed for the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Oxidative Haemolysis assays (OxHLIA), while TWW+ extracts showed the best overall results against the tested fungi. In conclusion, the tested biostimulants had a positive effect on chemical composition and bioactivities of purple bean depending on the irrigation regime.
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Mani-López E, Palou E, López-Malo A. Legume proteins, peptides, water extracts, and crude protein extracts as antifungals for food applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mathew GM, Madhavan A, Arun KB, Sindhu R, Binod P, Singhania RR, Sukumaran RK, Pandey A. Thermophilic Chitinases: Structural, Functional and Engineering Attributes for Industrial Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:142-164. [PMID: 32827066 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is the second most widely found natural polymer next to cellulose. Chitinases degrade the insoluble chitin to bioactive chitooligomers and monomers for various industrial applications. Based on their function, these enzymes act as biocontrol agents against pathogenic fungi and invasive pests compared with conventional chemical fungicides and insecticides. They have other functional roles in shellfish waste management, fungal protoplast generation, and Single-Cell Protein production. Among the chitinases, thermophilic and thermostable chitinases are gaining popularity in recent years, as they can withstand high temperatures and maintain the enzyme stability for longer periods. Not all chitinases are thermostable; hence, tailor-made thermophilic chitinases are designed to enhance their thermostability by direct evolution, genetic engineering involving mutagenesis, and proteomics approach. Although research has been done extensively on cloning and expression of thermophilic chitinase genes, there are only few papers discussing on the mechanism of chitin degradation using thermophiles. The current review discusses the sources of thermophilic chitinases, improvement of protein stability by gene manipulation, metagenomics approaches, chitin degradation mechanism in thermophiles, and their prospective applications for industrial, agricultural, and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gincy M Mathew
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, India
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | | | - Rajeev K Sukumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
- Frontier Research Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Liu M, Gong Y, Sun H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Sun J, Han Y, Huang J, Wu Q, Zhang C, Li Z. Characterization of a Novel Chitinase from Sweet Potato and Its Fungicidal Effect against Ceratocystis fimbriata. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7591-7600. [PMID: 32585101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black rot, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, is a destructive disease of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas). In this study, a novel chitinase (IbChiA) was screened from sweet potatoes, which showed a remarkably higher expression level in resistant varieties than in susceptible ones after inoculation with C. fimbriata. Sequence analysis indicated that IbChiA belongs to family 19 class II extracellular chitinase with a MW of 26.3 kDa and pI of 5.96. Recombinant IbChiA, produced by Pichia pastoris, displayed antifungal activity and stability. IbChiA could restrain the mycelium extension of C. fimbriata. FDA/PI double staining combined with transmission electron microscopy observation revealed the remarkable fungicidal effect of IbChiA on the conidia of C. fimbriata. The disease symptoms on the surface of slices and tuberous roots of sweet potatoes were significantly reduced after treatment with IbChiA. These results indicated that IbChiA could be used as a potential biofungicide to replace chemical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221116, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221116, China
| | - Houjun Sun
- Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221131, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221116, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221116, China
| | - Yonghua Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221116, China
| | - Jinjin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221116, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221116, China
| | - Chengling Zhang
- Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221131, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221116, China
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Huang PW, Yang Q, Zhu YL, Zhou J, Sun K, Mei YZ, Dai CC. The construction of CRISPR-Cas9 system for endophytic Phomopsis liquidambaris and its PmkkA-deficient mutant revealing the effect on rice. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 136:103301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Bartholomew ES, Black K, Feng Z, Liu W, Shan N, Zhang X, Wu L, Bailey L, Zhu N, Qi C, Ren H, Liu X. Comprehensive Analysis of the Chitinase Gene Family in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.): From Gene Identification and Evolution to Expression in Response to Fusarium oxysporum. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5309. [PMID: 31731414 PMCID: PMC6861899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases, a subgroup of pathogenesis-related proteins, are responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of chitin. Accumulating reports indicate that chitinases play a key role in plant defense against chitin-containing pathogens and are therefore good targets for defense response studies. Here, we undertook an integrated bioinformatic and expression analysis of the cucumber chitinases gene family to identify its role in defense against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. A total of 28 putative chitinase genes were identified in the cucumber genome and classified into five classes based on their conserved catalytic and binding domains. The expansion of the chitinase gene family was due mainly to tandem duplication events. The expression pattern of chitinase genes was organ-specific and 14 genes were differentially expressed in response to F. oxysporum challenge of fusarium wilt-susceptible and resistant lines. Furthermore, a class I chitinase, CsChi23, was constitutively expressed at high levels in the resistant line and may play a crucial role in building a basal defense and activating a rapid immune response against F. oxysporum. Whole-genome re-sequencing of both lines provided clues for the diverse expression patterns observed. Collectively, these results provide useful genetic resource and offer insights into the role of chitinases in cucumber-F. oxysporum interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra S. Bartholomew
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (E.S.B.); (K.B.); (Z.F.); (W.L.); (N.S.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Kezia Black
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (E.S.B.); (K.B.); (Z.F.); (W.L.); (N.S.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (E.S.B.); (K.B.); (Z.F.); (W.L.); (N.S.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Wan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (E.S.B.); (K.B.); (Z.F.); (W.L.); (N.S.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Nan Shan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (E.S.B.); (K.B.); (Z.F.); (W.L.); (N.S.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (E.S.B.); (K.B.); (Z.F.); (W.L.); (N.S.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Licai Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (E.S.B.); (K.B.); (Z.F.); (W.L.); (N.S.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Latoya Bailey
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (E.S.B.); (K.B.); (Z.F.); (W.L.); (N.S.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Ning Zhu
- Changping Agricultural Technology Service Center, Beijing 102200, China; (N.Z.); (C.Q.)
| | - Changhong Qi
- Changping Agricultural Technology Service Center, Beijing 102200, China; (N.Z.); (C.Q.)
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (E.S.B.); (K.B.); (Z.F.); (W.L.); (N.S.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (E.S.B.); (K.B.); (Z.F.); (W.L.); (N.S.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (L.B.); (H.R.)
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10
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Petropoulos SA, Taofiq O, Fernandes Â, Tzortzakis N, Ciric A, Sokovic M, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Bioactive properties of greenhouse-cultivated green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under biostimulants and water-stress effect. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6049-6059. [PMID: 31342530 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scarcity of irrigation water is severely affecting global crop production. In this context, biostimulants are increasingly used as alternatives means against abiotic stress conditions. In this study, phenolic compounds composition and bioactive properties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown under water stress conditions and biostimulants application were investigated. RESULTS Sixteen individual phenolic compounds were detected in both pods and seeds with a notable difference in their compositional profile. A significant effect on phenolic compounds content and composition was also observed for the biostimulants tested. Regarding the antibacterial activity, pods of the second harvest and seed extracts showed significant efficacy against Bacillus cereus, especially in water-stressed plants, where all biostimulant treatments were more effective than positive controls. Moreover, all biostimulant treatments for seed extracts of water-stressed plants were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus compared with ampicillin, whereas streptomycin showed the best results. Extracts from pods of the second harvest from normally irrigated plants showed the best results against the fungi tested, except for Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. Finally, no significant cytotoxic effects were detected. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the biostimulants tested increased total phenolic compounds content compared with control treatment, especially in pods of the first harvest and seeds of water-stressed plants. Moreover, bioactive properties showed a varied response in regard to irrigation and biostimulant treatment. Therefore, biostimulants can be considered as a useful means towards increasing phenolic compounds content, and they may also affect the antimicrobial properties of pods and seeds extracts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Thessaly, Crop Production and Rural Environment, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Oludemi Taofiq
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Nikos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Ana Ciric
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cfr Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Sierra-Gómez Y, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Cano-Sánchez P, Gómez-Velasco H, Hernández-Santoyo A, Siliqi D, Rodríguez-Romero A. A biophysical and structural study of two chitinases from Agave tequilana and their potential role as defense proteins. FEBS J 2019; 286:4778-4796. [PMID: 31291689 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant chitinases are enzymes that have several functions, including providing protection against pathogens. Agave tequilana is an economically important plant that is poorly studied. Here, we identified a chitinase from short reads of the A. tequilana transcriptome (AtChi1). A second chitinase, differing by only six residues from the first, was isolated from total RNA of plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum (AtChi2). Both enzymes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and analysis of their sequences indicated that they belong to the class I glycoside hydrolase family19, whose members exhibit two domains: a carbohydrate-binding module and a catalytic domain, connected by a flexible linker. Activity assays and thermal shift experiments demonstrated that the recombinant Agave enzymes are highly thermostable acidic endochitinases with Tm values of 75 °C and 71 °C. Both exhibit a molecular mass close to 32 kDa, as determined by MALDI-TOF, and experimental pIs of 3.7 and 3.9. Coupling small-angle x-ray scattering information with homology modeling and docking simulations allowed us to structurally characterize both chitinases, which notably show different interactions in the binding groove. Even when the six different amino acids are all exposed to solvent in the loops located near the linker and opposite to the binding site, they confer distinct kinetic parameters against colloidal chitin and similar affinity for (GlnNAc)6, as shown by isothermal titration calorimetry. Interestingly, binding is more enthalpy-driven for AtChi2. Whereas the physiological role of these chitinases remains unknown, we demonstrate that they exhibit important antifungal activity against chitin-rich fungi such as Aspergillus sp. DATABASE: SAXS structural data are available in the SASBDB database with accession numbers SASDDE7 and SASDDA6. ENZYMES: Chitinases (EC3.2.1.14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusvel Sierra-Gómez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Patricia Cano-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Homero Gómez-Velasco
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Dritan Siliqi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Malik
- Botany Department; M. D. University; Rohtak India
| | - Preety
- Botany Department; M. D. University; Rohtak India
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13
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Shivalee A, Lingappa K, Mahesh D. Influence of bioprocess variables on the production of extracellular chitinase under submerged fermentation by Streptomyces pratensis strain KLSL55. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:421-426. [PMID: 30733755 PMCID: PMC6353736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are the enzymes which are capable of hydrolyzing chitin to its monomer N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNac). Present study emphasizes on the impact of critical process variables on the production of chitinase from Streptomyces pratensis strain KLSL55. Initially the isolate was noticed to produce 84.67 IU chitinase in basal production medium. At optimization of bioprocess variables, the physical parameters pH of 8.00, 40 °C of incubation temperature, agitation speed of 160 rpm and 1.25 mL of spore suspension were found optimum for improved production of chitinase. Further, formulated production medium with 1.5% colloidal chitin, 1.25% fructose greatly influenced the chitinase production. At all described optimum conditions with formulated production media, a total of 14.30-fold increment was achieved in the chitinase production with final activity of 1210.67 IU when compared to the initial fermentation conditions in basal production medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Lingappa
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi 585106, Karnataka, India
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14
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Li C, Li X, Bai C, Zhang Y, Wang Z. A chitinase with antifungal activity from naked oat (Avena chinensis) seeds. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12713. [PMID: 31353643 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A chitinase was purified from naked oat (Avena chinensis) seeds using simple chromatographic techniques. Its molecular weight and isoelectric point were determined as 35 kDa and 8.9, respectively. The purified chitinase exhibited specific activity of 3.6 U/mg and 15.6% yield using colloidal chitin as substrate. Partial amino acid sequence analysis and homology search indicated that it probably belonged to Class I plant chitinase, glycosyl hydrolase family 19. With chitin as substrate, the optimum pH and temperature of the chitinase were pH 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. The chitinase was remarkably stable from 30°C up to 50°C, but was inactivated at high temperatures above 85°C. Antifungal activity in vitro tests demonstrated this purified chitinase had potent, dose-dependent inhibitory activity against the fungi Panus conchatus and Trichoderma reesei. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chitinase has broad applications in many fields including the food industry and is recognized as one of the antifungal substances with potential use in plant disease resistance or biological control in agriculture. This study developed cost-effective purification methods for producing chitinase from naked oat (Avena chinensis) seeds, which may favor large-scale production of the enzyme. The remarkable stability of the chitinase at moderate temperatures (30°C-50°C), makes it a potentially useful enzyme in bioprocessing to produce chitooligosaccharides for various applications in the food, health, and agriculture sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chengzhi Bai
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Zhuanhua Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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A critical review on phytochemical profile and health promoting effects of mung bean ( Vigna radiata ). FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Purification and Analytical Application of Vigna mungo Chitinase for Determination of Total Fungal Load of Stored Cereals. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:12-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Screening and Characterisation of Chitinolytic Microorganisms with Potential to Control White Root Disease of Hevea brasiliensis. J RUBBER RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03449151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Marine Microbiological Enzymes: Studies with Multiple Strategies and Prospects. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14100171. [PMID: 27669268 PMCID: PMC5082319 DOI: 10.3390/md14100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microorganisms produce a series of promising enzymes that have been widely used or are potentially valuable for our daily life. Both classic and newly developed biochemistry technologies have been broadly used to study marine and terrestrial microbiological enzymes. In this brief review, we provide a research update and prospects regarding regulatory mechanisms and related strategies of acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) lactonase, which is an important but largely unexplored enzyme. We also detail the status and catalytic mechanism of the main types of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes that broadly exist among marine microorganisms but have been poorly explored. In order to facilitate understanding, the regulatory and synthetic biology strategies of terrestrial microorganisms are also mentioned in comparison. We anticipate that this review will provide an outline of multiple strategies for promising marine microbial enzymes and open new avenues for the exploration, engineering and application of various enzymes.
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19
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Chan YS, Xia L, Ng TB. White kidney bean lectin exerts anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:335-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Fan XJ, Mi YX, Ren H, Zhang C, Li Y, Xian XX. Cloning and functional expression of a chitinase cDNA from the apple leaf miner moth Lithocolletis ringoniella. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:242-50. [PMID: 25756539 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791502011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insect chitinase plays essential roles in chitin catabolism involved in digestion and molting during insect development. In the current work, we cloned a chitinase cDNA, LrCht5, from the apple leaf miner moth Lithocolletis ringoniella and characterized its amino acid sequence and protein properties. The L. ringoniella chitinase cDNA was 2136 bp in length with an open reading frame of 1737 bp that encodes a polypeptide of 579 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 64.4 kDa and pI of 5.49. The catalytic domain has several phosphorylation and glycosylation sites. The recombinant LrCht5 was expressed in Escherichia coli and the Spodoptera frugiperda cell line Sf9, and the LrCht5 expressed in insect cells exhibited chitinolytic activity. LrCht5 was most stable at pH 6.0 and 45°C. This work has potential application in the development of novel and more specific synthetic chitinase inhibitors for use as bioinsecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Fan
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China.
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21
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Han P, Yang C, Liang X, Li L. Identification and characterization of a novel chitinase with antifungal activity from 'Baozhu' pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.). Food Chem 2015; 196:808-14. [PMID: 26593558 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel chitinase from the 'Baozhu' pear was found, purified, and characterized in this report. This chitinase was a monomer with a molecular mass of 28.9 kDa. Results of the internal peptide sequence analyses classify this chitinase as a class III chitinase. In the enzymatic hydrolytic assay, this chitinase could hydrolyze chitin derivatives into di-N-acetylchitobiose (GlcNAc2) as a major product in the initial phase, as well as hydrolyze GlcNAc2 into N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), which represents both chitobiosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminase activity. Biological analyses showed that this chitinase exhibits strong antifungal activity toward agricultural pathogenic fungi. In total, chitinase from 'Baozhu' pear is a novel bifunctional chitinase that could be a potential fungicide in the biological control of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiaobo Liang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lirong Li
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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22
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Chang YM, Chen LC, Wang HY, Chiang CL, Chang CT, Chung YC. Characterization of an acidic chitinase from seeds of black soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr Tainan No. 3). PLoS One 2014; 9:e113596. [PMID: 25437446 PMCID: PMC4249961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-N,N',N″-triacetylchitotrioside (4-MU-GlcNAc3) as a substrate, an acidic chitinase was purified from seeds of black soybean (Glycine max Tainan no. 3) by ammonium sulfate fractionation and three successive steps of column chromatography. The purified chitinase was a monomeric enzyme with molecular mass of 20.1 kDa and isoelectric point of 4.34. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of synthetic substrates p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides with chain length from 3 to 5 (GlcNAcn, n = 3-5), and pNp-GlcNAc4 was the most degradable substrate. Using pNp-GlcNAc4 as a substrate, the optimal pH for the enzyme reaction was 4.0; kinetic parameters Km and kcat were 245 µM and 10.31 min-1, respectively. This enzyme also showed activity toward CM-chitin-RBV, a polymer form of chitin, and N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides, an oligomer form of chitin. The smallest oligomer substrate was an N-acetylglucosamine tetramer. These results suggested that this enzyme was an endo-splitting chitinase with short substrate cleavage activity and useful for biotechnological applications, in particular for the production of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Li-Chun Chen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Chui-Liang Chiang
- Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Chen-Tien Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Yun-Chin Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
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23
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Hjort K, Presti I, Elväng A, Marinelli F, Sjöling S. Bacterial chitinase with phytopathogen control capacity from suppressive soil revealed by functional metagenomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:2819-28. [PMID: 24121932 PMCID: PMC3936118 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant disease caused by fungal pathogens results in vast crop damage globally. Microbial communities of soil that is suppressive to fungal crop disease provide a source for the identification of novel enzymes functioning as bioshields against plant pathogens. In this study, we targeted chitin-degrading enzymes of the uncultured bacterial community through a functional metagenomics approach, using a fosmid library of a suppressive soil metagenome. We identified a novel bacterial chitinase, Chi18H8, with antifungal activity against several important crop pathogens. Sequence analyses show that the chi18H8 gene encodes a 425-amino acid protein of 46 kDa with an N-terminal signal peptide, a catalytic domain with the conserved active site F175DGIDIDWE183, and a chitinase insertion domain. Chi18H8 was expressed (pGEX-6P-3 vector) in Escherichia coli and purified. Enzyme characterization shows that Chi18H8 has a prevalent chitobiosidase activity with a maximum activity at 35 °C at pH lower than 6, suggesting a role as exochitinase on native chitin. To our knowledge, Chi18H8 is the first chitinase isolated from a metagenome library obtained in pure form and which has the potential to be used as a candidate agent for controlling fungal crop diseases. Furthermore, Chi18H8 may also answer to the demand for novel chitin-degrading enzymes for a broad range of other industrial processes and medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hjort
- School of Natural Sciences and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ilaria Presti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100 Italy
| | - Annelie Elväng
- School of Natural Sciences and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100 Italy
- The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano, ICRM CNR and University of Insubria, Varese, 21100 Italy
| | - Sara Sjöling
- School of Natural Sciences and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
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24
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Slavokhotova AA, Naumann TA, Price NPJ, Rogozhin EA, Andreev YA, Vassilevski AA, Odintsova TI. Novel mode of action of plant defense peptides - hevein-like antimicrobial peptides from wheat inhibit fungal metalloproteases. FEBS J 2014; 281:4754-64. [PMID: 25154438 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The multilayered plant immune system relies on rapid recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns followed by activation of defense-related genes, resulting in the reinforcement of plant cell walls and the production of antimicrobial compounds. To suppress plant defense, fungi secrete effectors, including a recently discovered Zn-metalloproteinase from Fusarium verticillioides, named fungalysin Fv-cmp. This proteinase cleaves class IV chitinases, which are plant defense proteins that bind and degrade chitin of fungal cell walls. In this study, we investigated plant responses to such pathogen invasion, and discovered novel inhibitors of fungalysin. We produced several recombinant hevein-like antimicrobial peptides named wheat antimicrobial peptides (WAMPs) containing different amino acids (Ala, Lys, Glu, and Asn) at the nonconserved position 34. An additional Ser at the site of fungalysin proteolysis makes the peptides resistant to the protease. Moreover, an equal molar concentration of WAMP-1b or WAMP-2 to chitinase was sufficient to block the fungalysin activity, keeping the chitinase intact. Thus, WAMPs represent novel protease inhibitors that are active against fungal metalloproteases. According to in vitro antifungal assays WAMPs directly inhibited hyphal elongation, suggesting that fungalysin plays an important role in fungal development. A novel molecular mechanism of dynamic interplay between host defense molecules and fungal virulence factors is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Slavokhotova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Tang D, Dong Y, Ren H, Li L, He C. A review of phytochemistry, metabolite changes, and medicinal uses of the common food mung bean and its sprouts (Vigna radiata). Chem Cent J 2014; 8:4. [PMID: 24438453 PMCID: PMC3899625 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-8-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The seeds and sprouts of mung bean (Vigna radiata), a common food, contain abundant nutrients with biological activities. This review provides insight into the nutritional value of mung beans and its sprouts, discussing chemical constituents that have been isolated in the past few decades, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Moreover, we also summarize dynamic changes in metabolites during the sprouting process and related biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, lipid metabolism accommodation, antihypertensive, and antitumor effects, etc., with the goal of providing scientific evidence for better application of this commonly used food as a medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yinmao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hankun Ren
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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26
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Zhang J, Kopparapu NK, Yan Q, Yang S, Jiang Z. Purification and characterisation of a novel chitinase from persimmon (Diospyros kaki) with antifungal activity. Food Chem 2013; 138:1225-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Wang S, Ye X, Chen J, Rao P. A novel chitinase isolated from Vicia faba and its antifungal activity. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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28
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Kopparapu NK, Liu Z, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Zhang S. A novel thermostable chitinase (PJC) from pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Purification and characterization of a chitinase (sAMC) with antifungal activity from seeds of Astragalus membranaceus. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Onaga S, Chinen K, Ito S, Taira T. Highly thermostable chitinase from pineapple: Cloning, expression, and enzymatic properties. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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