1
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Kil Y, Pichkur EB, Sergeev VR, Zabrodskaya Y, Myasnikov A, Konevega AL, Shtam T, Samygina VR, Rychkov GN. The archaeal highly thermostable GH35 family β-galactosidase DaβGal has a unique seven domain protein fold. FEBS J 2024; 291:3686-3705. [PMID: 38825733 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The most extensively studied β-d-galactosidases (EC3.2.1.23) belonging to four glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 1, 2, 35, and 42 are widely distributed among Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes. Here, we report a novel GH35 family β-galactosidase from the hyperthermophilic Thermoprotei archaeon Desulfurococcus amylolyticus (DaβGal). Unlike fungal monomeric six-domain β-galactosidases, the DaβGal enzyme is a dimer; it has an extra jelly roll domain D7 and three composite domains (D4, D5, and D6) that are formed by the distantly located polypeptide chain regions. The enzyme possesses a high specificity for β-d-galactopyranosides, and its distinguishing feature is the ability to cleave pNP-β-d-fucopyranoside. DaβGal efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose at high temperatures, remains stable and active at 65 °С, and retains activity at 95 °С with a half-life time value equal to 73 min. These properties make archaeal DaβGal a more attractive candidate for biotechnology than the widely used fungal β-galactosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kil
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Evgeny B Pichkur
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of X-ray Analysis and Synchrotron Radiation, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir R Sergeev
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
| | - Yana Zabrodskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biology of Viruses, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Myasnikov
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Andrey L Konevega
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
| | - Tatiana Shtam
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriya R Samygina
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of X-ray Analysis and Synchrotron Radiation, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy N Rychkov
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
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Li J, Wang J, Yan Q, Guan L, Yang S, Jiang Z. Biochemical characterization of a novel C-terminally truncated β-galactosidase from Paenibacillus antarcticus with high transglycosylation activity. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00997-4. [PMID: 39004139 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The transgalactosylase activity of β-galactosidases offers a convenient and promising strategy for conversion of lactose into high-value oligosaccharides, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). In this study, we cloned and biochemically characterized a novel C-terminally truncated β-galactosidase (PaBgal2A-D) from Paenibacillus antarcticus with high transglycosylation activity. PaBgal2A-D is a member of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 2. The optimal pH and temperature of PaBgal2A-D were determined to be pH 6.5 and 50°C, respectively. It was relatively stable within pH 5.0-8.0 and up to 50°C. PaBgal2A-D showed high transglycosylation activity for GOS synthesis, and the maximum yield of 50.8% (wt/wt) was obtained in 2 h. Moreover, PaBgal2A-D could synthesize lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) using lactose and lacto-N-triose II (LNT2), with a conversion rate of 16.4%. This study demonstrated that PaBgal2A-D could be a promising tool to prepare GOS and LNnT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of China National Light Industry and Food Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Leying Guan
- Key Laboratory of China National Light Industry and Food Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of China National Light Industry and Food Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of China National Light Industry and Food Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China.
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3
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Tong Y, Lu X, Shen D, Rao L, Zou L, Lyu S, Hou L, Sun G, Chen L. Identification and characterization of emGalaseE, a β-1,4 galactosidase from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, and its application on living cell surface. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131766. [PMID: 38657932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The biological function of terminal galactose on glycoprotein is an open field of research. Although progress had being made on enzymes that can remove the terminal galactose on glycoproteins, there is a lack of report on galactosidases that can work directly on living cells. In this study, a unique beta 1,4 galactosidase was isolated from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Em). It exhibited favorable stability at various temperatures (4-37 °C) and pH (5-8) levels and can remove β-1, 4 linked galactoses directly from glycoproteins. Using Alanine scanning, we found that two acidic residues (Glu-468, and Glu-531) in the predicted active pocket are critical for galactosidase activity. In addition, we also demonstrated that it could cleave galactose residues present on living cell surface. As this enzyme has a potential application for living cell glycan editing, we named it emGalaseE or glycan-editing galactosidase I (csgeGalaseI). In summary, our findings lay the groundwork for further investigation by presenting a simple and effective approach for the removal of galactose moieties from cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Tong
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinrong Lu
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Danfeng Shen
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Rao
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaoxian Lyu
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linlin Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Guiqin Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Liu P, Chen Y, Ma C, Ouyang J, Zheng Z. β-Galactosidase: a traditional enzyme given multiple roles through protein engineering. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 38108277 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2292282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidases are crucial carbohydrate-active enzymes that naturally catalyze the hydrolysis of galactoside bonds in oligo- and disaccharides. These enzymes are commonly used to degrade lactose and produce low-lactose and lactose-free dairy products that are beneficial for lactose-intolerant people. β-galactosidases exhibit transgalactosylation activity, and they have been employed in the synthesis of galactose-containing compounds such as galactooligosaccharides. However, most β-galactosidases have intrinsic limitations, such as low transglycosylation efficiency, significant product inhibition effects, weak thermal stability, and a narrow substrate spectrum, which greatly hinder their applications. Enzyme engineering offers a solution for optimizing their catalytic performance. The study of the enzyme's structure paves the way toward explaining catalytic mechanisms and increasing the efficiency of enzyme engineering. In this review, the structure features of β-galactosidases from different glycosyl hydrolase families and the catalytic mechanisms are summarized in detail to offer guidance for protein engineering. The properties and applications of β-galactosidases are discussed. Additionally, the latest progress in β-galactosidase engineering and the strategies employed are highlighted. Based on the combined analysis of structure information and catalytic mechanisms, the ultimate goal of this review is to furnish a thorough direction for β-galactosidases engineering and promote their application in the food and dairy industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Ruiz-Ramírez S, Jiménez-Flores R. Invited review: Properties of β-galactosidases derived from Lactobacillaceae species and their capacity for galacto-oligosaccharide production. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8193-8206. [PMID: 37678769 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
β-galactosidase (enzymatic class 3.2.1.23) is one of the dairy industry's most important and widely used enzymes. The enzyme is part of a large family known to catalyze hydrolysis and transglycosylation reactions. Its hydrolytic activity is commonly used to decrease lactose content in dairy products, while its transglycosylase activity has recently been used to synthesize galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). During the past couple of years, researchers have focused on studying β-galactosidase isolated and purified from lactic acid bacteria. This review will focus on β-galactosidase purified and characterized from what used to be the Lactobacillus genera. Furthermore, particular emphasis is given to its kinetics, biochemical characteristics, GOS production, market, and utilization by Lactobacilllaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvette Ruiz-Ramírez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science & Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science & Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
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Cui J, Wang Y, Zhou A, He S, Mao Z, Cao T, Wang N, Yuan Y. Cloning, Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a Novel β-Galactosidase/α-L-Arabinopyranosidase from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1. Molecules 2023; 28:7464. [PMID: 38005185 PMCID: PMC10673005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosidases are essential for the industrial production of functional oligosaccharides and many biotech applications. A novel β-galactosidase/α-L-arabinopyranosidase (PpBGal42A) of the glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1 was identified and functionally characterized. Using pNPG as a substrate, the recombinant PpBGal42A (77.16 kD) was shown to have an optimal temperature and pH of 30 °C and 6.0. Using pNPαArap as a substrate, the optimal temperature and pH were 40 °C and 7.0. PpBGal42A has good temperature and pH stability. Furthermore, Na+, K+, Li+, and Ca2+ (5 mmol/L) enhanced the enzymatic activity, whereas Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+ significantly reduced the enzymatic activity. PpBGal42A hydrolyzed pNP-β-D-galactoside and pNP-α-L-arabinopyranoside. PpBGal42A liberated galactose from β-1,3/4/6-galactobiose and galactan. PpBGal42A hydrolyzed arabinopyranose at C20 of ginsenoside Rb2, but could not cleave arabinofuranose at C20 of ginsenoside Rc. Meanwhile, the molecular docking results revealed that PpBGal42A efficiently recognized and catalyzed lactose. PpBGal42A hydrolyzes lactose to galactose and glucose. PpBGal42A exhibits significant degradative activity towards citrus pectin when combined with pectinase. Our findings suggest that PpBGal42A is a novel bifunctional enzyme that is active as a β-galactosidase and α-L-arabinopyranosidase. This study expands on the diversity of bifunctional enzymes and provides a potentially effective tool for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Institute of Innovation Science & Technology, Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130031, China;
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (A.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Yibing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (A.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Andong Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (A.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Shuhui He
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (A.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Zihan Mao
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (A.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Ting Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (A.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (A.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Ye Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (A.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.M.); (N.W.)
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Kable ME, Chin EL, Huang L, Stephensen CB, Lemay DG. Association of Estimated Daily Lactose Consumption, Lactase Persistence Genotype (rs4988235), and Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults in the United States. J Nutr 2023; 153:2163-2173. [PMID: 37354976 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactase persistence (LP) is a heritable trait in which lactose can be digested throughout adulthood. Lactase nonpersistent (LNP) individuals who consume lactose may experience microbial adaptations in response to undigested lactose. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to estimate lactose from foods reported in the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) and determine the interaction between lactose consumption, LP genotype, and gut microbiome in an observational cross-sectional study of healthy adults in the United States (US). METHODS Average daily lactose consumption was estimated for 279 healthy US adults, genotyped for the lactase gene -13910G>A polymorphism (rs4988235) by matching ASA24-reported foods to foods in the Nutrition Coordinating Center Food and Nutrient Database. Analysis of covariance was used to identify whether the A genotype (LP) influenced lactose and total dairy consumption, with total energy intake and weight as covariates. The 16S rRNA V4/V5 region, amplified from bacterial DNA extracted from each frozen stool sample, was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq (300 bp paired-end) and analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME)2 (version 2019.10). Differential abundances of bacterial taxa were analyzed using DESeq2 likelihood ratio tests. RESULTS Across a diverse set of ethnicities, LP subjects consumed more lactose than LNP subjects. Lactobacillaceae abundance was highest in LNP subjects who consumed more than 12.46 g/d (upper tercile). Within Caucasians and Hispanics, family Lachnospiraceae was significantly enriched in the gut microbiota of LNP individuals consuming the upper tercile of lactose across both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Elevated lactose consumption in individuals with the LNP genotype is associated with increased abundance of family Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospriaceae, taxa that contain multiple genera capable of utilizing lactose. This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02367287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Kable
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth L Chin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Liping Huang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danielle G Lemay
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Characterization of putative mannoprotein in Kluyveromyces lactis for lactase production. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:168-175. [PMID: 36733311 PMCID: PMC9880975 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactase is a member of the β-galactosidase family of enzymes that can hydrolyze lactose into galactose and glucose. However, extracellular lactase production was still restricted to the process of cell lysis. In this study, lactase-producing Kluyveromyces lactis JNXR-2101 was obtained using a rapid and sensitive method based on the fluorescent substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-galactopyranoside. The purified enzyme was identified as a neutral lactase with an optimum pH of 9. To facilitate extracellular production of lactase, a putative mannoprotein KLLA0_E01057g of K. lactis was knocked out. It could effectively promote cell wall degradation and lactase production after lyticase treatment, which showed potential on other extracellular enzyme preparation. After optimizing the fermentation conditions, the lactase yield from mannoprotein-deficient K. lactis JNXR-2101ΔE01057g reached 159.62 U/mL in a 5-L fed-batch bioreactor.
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Enhanced thermal stability of the β-galactosidase BgaB from Bacillus circulans by cyclization mediated via SpyTag/SpyCatcher interaction and its use in galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2341-2352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Mei Z, Yuan J, Li D. Biological activity of galacto-oligosaccharides: A review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:993052. [PMID: 36147858 PMCID: PMC9485631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.993052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are oligosaccharides formed by β-galactosidase transgalactosylation. GOS is an indigestible food component that can pass through the upper gastrointestinal tract relatively intact and ferment in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that further regulate the body’s intestinal flora. GOS and other prebiotics are increasingly recognized as useful food tools for regulating the balance of colonic microbiota-human health. GOS performed well compared to other oligosaccharides in regulating gut microbiota, body immunity, and food function. This review summarizes the sources, classification, preparation methods, and biological activities of GOS, focusing on the introduction and summary of the effects of GOS on ulcerative colitis (UC), to gain a comprehensive understanding of the application of GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Mei
- Department of Pediatrics, Luzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Luzhou Second People’s Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiaqin Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Dandan Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Li,
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11
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Iqbal MW, Riaz T, Mahmood S, Liaqat H, Mushtaq A, Khan S, Amin S, Qi X. Recent Advances in the Production, Analysis, and Application of Galacto-Oligosaccharides. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2097255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahreem Riaz
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Anam Mushtaq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sonia Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Amin
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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Maráz A, Kovács Z, Benjamins E, Pázmándi M. Recent developments in microbial production of high-purity galacto-oligosaccharides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:95. [PMID: 35441950 PMCID: PMC9021073 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are used as prebiotic ingredients in various food and pharmaceutical formulations. Currently, production of GOS involves the enzymatic conversion of lactose by transgalactosylation using β-galactosidase. The purity of the resulting product is low, typically limited to up to 55% GOS on total carbohydrate basis due to the presence of non-reacted lactose, and the formation of by-products glucose and galactose. In industrial practice high-purity GOS is manufactured by removing the unwanted mono- and disaccharides from raw GOS with simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. This purification step is associated with high processing cost that increases the price of pure GOS and limits its marketability. The last decades have witnessed a growing interest in developing competitive biotechnological processes that could replace chromatography. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the recent advancements of microbial GOS purification, a process commonly referred to as selective fermentation or selective metabolism. Purification strategies include: (i) removal of glucose alone or together with galactose by lactose negative yeast species, that typically results in purity values below 60% due to remaining lactose; (ii) removal of both mono- and disaccharides by combining the fast monosaccharide metabolizing capacity of some yeast species with efficient lactose consumption by certain lactose positive microbes, reaching GOS purity in the range of 60-95%; and (iii) the application of selected strains of Kluyveromyces species with high lactose metabolizing activity to achieve high-purity GOS that is practically free from lactose and monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maráz
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118, Somlói út 14-16, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Melinda Pázmándi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118, Somlói út 14-16, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Galacto-Oligosaccharide (GOS) Synthesis during Enzymatic Lactose-Free Milk Production: State of the Art and Emerging Opportunities. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has recently been paid to β-Galactosidases (β-D-galactoside galactohidrolase; EC 3.2.1.23), commonly known as lactases, due to the lactose intolerance of the human population and the importance of dairy products in the human diet. This enzyme, produced by microorganisms, is being used in the dairy industry for hydrolyzing the lactose found in milk to produce lactose-free milk (LFM). Conventionally, β-galactosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of lactose to produce glucose and galactose in LFM; however, they can also catalyze transgalactosylation reactions that produce a wide range of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), which are functional prebiotic molecules that confer health benefits to human health. In this field, different works aims to identify novel microbial sources of β-galactosidase for removing lactose from milk with the relative GOS production. Lactase extracted from thermophilic microorganisms seems to be more suitable for the transgalactosylation process at relatively high temperatures, as it inhibits microbial contamination. Different immobilization methods, such as adsorption, covalent attachment, chemical aggregation, entrapment and micro-encapsulation, have been used to synthesize lactose-derived oligosaccharides with immobilized β-galactosidases. In this mini-review, particular emphasis has been given to the immobilization techniques and bioreactor configurations developed for GOS synthesis in milk, in order to provide a more detailed overview of the biocatalytic production of milk oligosaccharides at industrial level.
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14
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Xiaowen W, Sibo C, Lin F, Hao L, Si C, Xianfeng Y, Zhoukun L, Zhongli C, Huang Y. Characterization of a halotolerant GH2 family β-galactosidase GalM from Microvirga sp. strain MC18. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 194:106074. [PMID: 35218889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new glycoside hydrolase family 2 (GH2) β-galactosidase encoding gene galM was cloned from Microvirga sp. strain MC18 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant β-galactosidase GalM showed optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 50 °C, with a stability at pH 6.0-9.0 and 20-40 °C, which are conditions suitable for the diary environment. The Km and Vmax values for o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (oNPG) were 1.30 mmol/L and 15.974 μmol/(min·mg), respectively. GalM showed low product inhibition by galactose with a Ki of 73.18 mM and high tolerance for glucose that 86.5% activity retained in the presence of 500 mM glucose. It was also stable and active in 20% of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol. In addition, the enzyme activity of GalM was activated significantly over 0-2 mol/L NaCl (1.6-4.3 fold). These favorable properties make GalM a potential candidate for the industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiaowen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Chen Sibo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Fan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Liu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Chen Si
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Ye Xianfeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Li Zhoukun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Cui Zhongli
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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15
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Comerlato CB, Prichula J, Siqueira FM, Ritter AC, Varela APM, Mayer FQ, Brandelli A. Genomic analysis of Enterococcus durans LAB18S, a potential probiotic strain isolated from cheese. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210201. [PMID: 35244137 PMCID: PMC8894896 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota exerts a fundamental role in human health and increased evidence supports the beneficial role of probiotic microorganisms in the maintenance of intestinal health. Enterococcus durans LAB18S was previously isolated from soft cheese and showed some desirable in vitro probiotic properties, for that reason its genome was sequenced and evaluated for genes that can be relevant for probiotic activity and are involved in selenium metabolism. Genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq System. A variety of genes potentially associated with probiotic properties, including adhesion capability, viability at low pH, bile salt resistance, antimicrobial activity, and utilization of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were identified. The strain showed tolerance to acid pH and bile salts, exhibited antimicrobial activity and thrived on prebiotic oligosaccharides. Six genes involved in selenium metabolism were predicted. Analysis of the SECIS element showed twelve known selenoprotein candidates. E. durans LAB18S was the only food isolate showing absence of plasmids, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, when compared with other 30 E. durans genomes. The results of this study provide evidence supporting the potential of E. durans LAB18S as alternative for probiotic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janira Prichula
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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16
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Genomic and Metabolic Features of an Unexpectedly Predominant, Thermophilic, Assistant Starter Microorganism, Thermus thermophilus, in Chinese Inner Mongolian Cheese. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122962. [PMID: 34945513 PMCID: PMC8700840 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner Mongolian cheese is a traditional dairy product in China. It is produced without rennet, using naturally acidified milk that is simmered to achieve whey separation. In order to analyse the impact of simmering on the microbial community structure, high-throughput sequencing was performed to obtain bacterial 16S rRNA sequences from cheeses from the Ordos (ES), Ulanqab (WS), Horqin (KS) and Xilingol (XS) grasslands of Inner Mongolia. The relative abundance of an unexpected microorganism, Thermus thermophilus, ranged from 2% to 9%, which meant that its dominance was second only to that of lactic acid bacteria (LABs). Genome sequencing and fermentation validation were performed in T. thermophilus N-1 isolated from the Ordos, and it was determined that T. thermophilus N-1 could ingest and metabolise lactose in milk to produce lactate during the simmering process. T. thermophilus N-1 could also produce acetate, propionate, citrate and other organic acids through a unique acetate production pathway and a complete propionate production pathway and TCA cycle, which may affect texture and flavour development in Inner Mongolian cheese. Simultaneously, the large amount of citrate produced by T. thermophilus N-1 provides a necessary carbon source for continuous fermentation by LABs after the simmering step. Therefore, T. thermophilus N-1 contributes to cheese fermentation as a predominant, thermophilic, assistant starter microorganism unique to Chinese Inner Mongolian cheese.
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17
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Zhou Z, He N, Han Q, Liu S, Xue R, Hao J, Li S. Characterization and Application of a New β-Galactosidase Gal42 From Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. BY02. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:742300. [PMID: 34759900 PMCID: PMC8573354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.742300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Galactosidase plays an important role in medicine and dairy industry. In this study, a new glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) β-galactosidase-encoding gene, gal42, was cloned from a newly isolated marine bacterium Bacillus sp. BY02 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Structural characterization indicated that the encoding β-galactosidase, Gal42, is a homotrimer in solution, and homology modeling indicated that it retains the zinc binding sites of the Cys cluster. The reaction activity of Gal42 was significantly increased by Zn2+ (229.6%) and other divalent metal ions (Mn2+, Mg2+, and Co2+), while its activity was inhibited by EDTA (53.9%). Meanwhile, the thermo-stability of the Gal42 was also significantly enhanced by 5 and 10 mM of zinc ion supplement, which suggested that the “Cys-Zn” motif played important roles in both structural stability and catalytic function. Furthermore, Gal42 showed effective lactose hydrolysis activity, which makes the enzyme hydrolyze the lactose in milk effectively. These properties make Gal42 a potential candidate in food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Songshen Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruikun Xue
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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18
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Hovorková M, Kulik N, Konvalinková D, Petrásková L, Křen V, Bojarová P. Mutagenesis of Catalytic Nucleophile of β‐Galactosidase Retains Residual Hydrolytic Activity and Affords a Transgalactosidase. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hovorková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 5 CZ-12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Zámek 136 CZ-37333 Nové Hrady Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Konvalinková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
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19
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Gao J, Wang R, Lu X, Jia C, Sun Q, Huang J, Wei S, Ma L. Enzymatic Preparation and Structure-activity Relationship of Sesaminol. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1261-1274. [PMID: 34373408 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a valuable natural antioxidant, sesaminol can be used in food and medicine industries, but it is trace in sesame seeds and oil, and it is feasible to prepare sesaminol from sesaminol triglucoside (STG) which is abundant in defatted sesame cake. Therefore, in order to establish an effective enzymatic preparation method and elucidate the antioxidant structure-activity relationship of sesaminol, a suitable glycosidase for preparing sesaminol from STG were screened, enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized by single-factor test and response surface methodology, and finally, the structure-activity relationship of sesaminol was illustrated by comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). These results suggested that β-galactosidase was the optimal glycosidase for enzymatic hydrolysis of STG to prepare sesaminol. Under the optimal conditions of a reaction temperature of 50°C, reaction time of 4.0 h, pH of 5.5, substrate concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, and enzyme dosage of 20 mg/mL, the conversion rate of sesaminol was 98.88±0.67%. Sesaminol displayed excellent antioxidant ability in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, IC50 = 0.0011 mg/mL), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS, IC50 = 0.0021 mg/mL) radical scavenging activities and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 103.2998 mol/g) compared to other sesaminol derivatives. According to -log (IC50 of DPPH) and -log (IC50 of ABTS), CoMFA models were successfully established based on Q2 >0.5 (QDPPH 2 = 0.558, QABTS 2 = 0.534). The active site of sesaminol tended to be located on the hydroxyl group of the benzene ring (R1 position). A positive correlation between the bulky and positively charged groups at the 1H, 3H-furo [3, 4-c] furan group, the small, negatively charged groups at the R1 position and the antioxidant activity of sesaminol. This study provides an effective method to prepare sesaminol, reveals the structure-activity relationship of sesaminol and provides theoretical basis to design the novel compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Gao
- Research Centre for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Ruidan Wang
- Research Centre for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Xin Lu
- Research Centre for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Cong Jia
- Institute of Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Jinian Huang
- Research Centre for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.,Institute of Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Songli Wei
- Institute of Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Lin Ma
- Research Centre for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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20
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Li N, Liu Y, Wang C, Weng P, Wu Z, Zhu Y. Overexpression and characterization of a novel GH4 galactosidase with β-galactosidase activity from Bacillus velezensis SW5. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9465-9477. [PMID: 34127264 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel galactosidase gene (gal3149) was identified from Bacillus velezensis SW5 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The novel galactosidase, Gal3149, encoded by gal3149 in an open reading frame of 1,299 bp, was 433 amino acids in length. Protein sequence analysis showed that Gal3149 belonged to family 4 of glycoside hydrolases (GH4). Gal3149 displayed higher enzyme activity for the substrate 2-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (oNPG) than for 4-nitrophenyl-α-d-galactopyranoside (pNPαG). This is the first time that an enzyme belonging to GH4 has been shown to exhibit β-galactosidase activity. Gal3149 showed optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 50°C, and exhibited excellent thermal stability, with retention of 50% relative activity after incubation at a temperature range of 0 to 50°C for 48 h. Gal3149 activity was significantly improved by K+ and Na+, and was strongly or completely inhibited by Ag+, Zn2+, Tween-80, Cu2+, carboxymethyl cellulose, and oleic acid. The rate of hydrolyzed lactose in 1 mL of milk by 1 U of Gal3149 reached about 50% after incubation for 4 h. These properties lay a solid foundation for Gal3149 in application of the lactose-reduced dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China; Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifang Weng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zufang Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yazhu Zhu
- Zhejiang International Maritime College, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
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21
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Todea A, Benea IC, Bîtcan I, Péter F, Klébert S, Feczkó T, Károly Z, Biró E. One-pot biocatalytic conversion of lactose to gluconic acid and galacto-oligosaccharides using immobilized β-galactosidase and glucose oxidase. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Movahedpour A, Ahmadi N, Ghalamfarsa F, Ghesmati Z, Khalifeh M, Maleksabet A, Shabaninejad Z, Taheri-Anganeh M, Savardashtaki A. β-Galactosidase: From its source and applications to its recombinant form. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:612-628. [PMID: 33656174 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes are a group of important enzymes playing a critical role in the degradation and synthesis of carbohydrates. Glycosidases can hydrolyze glycosides into oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates via a cost-effective approach. Lactase is an important member of β-glycosidases found in higher plants, animals, and microorganisms. β-Galactosidases can be used to degrade the milk lactose for making lactose-free milk, which is sweeter than regular milk and is suitable for lactose-intolerant people. β-Galactosidase is employed by many food industries to degrade lactose and improve the digestibility, sweetness, solubility, and flavor of dairy products. β-Galactosidase enzymes have various families and are applied in the food-processing industries such as hydrolyzed-milk products, whey, and galactooligosaccharides. Thus, this enzyme is a valuable protein which is now produced by recombinant technology. In this review, origins, structure, recombinant production, and critical modifications of β-galactosidase for improving the production process are discussed. Since β-galactosidase is a valuable enzyme in industry and health care, a study of its various aspects is important in industrial biotechnology and applied biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farideh Ghalamfarsa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghesmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Khalifeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Maleksabet
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Shahid Arefian Hospital, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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23
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Marim AVC, Gabardo S, Ayub MAZ. Porungo cheese whey: β-galactosidase production, characterization and lactose hydrolysis. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated the lactose hydrolysis by immobilized β-galactosidase, which was produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus using porungo cheese whey as substrate. Initially, the yeast was cultivated in porungo cheese medium at 30 °C and 200 rpm, showing a maximal β-galactosidase production of 14.19 U mL-1. The crude extract obtained was used to evaluate the enzymatic hydrolysis in lactose solution. The optimal pH and temperature of the free and immobilized enzyme was investigated, whereas the lactose hydrolysis was carried out using two enzyme solutions (total activities of 2 U and 6 U) for both forms of the biocatalyst. Ca-alginate immobilization of β-galactosidase increased optimal temperature range to 40 °C, compared to the value for the free enzyme, which was 37 °C. The optimal pH was also increased by immobilization to 7.0, from pH 6.5 observed for the free enzyme. The highest lactose hydrolysis conversion was 15.82% using 6 U of free enzyme and 13.77% for 2 U of immobilized enzyme. Although, free enzyme showed higher conversion rates in the initial reaction time, the immobilized enzyme kept operational stability throughout reaction time, suggesting the advantage of using this technology. The use of porungo cheese whey allowed to aggregate value to this agro-industrial by-product, with the concomitant production of β-galactosidase to be used in the food industry chain itself.
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24
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Choi JY, Hong H, Seo H, Pan JG, Kim EJ, Maeng PJ, Yang TH, Kim KJ. High Galacto-Oligosaccharide Production and a Structural Model for Transgalactosylation of β-Galactosidase II from Bacillus circulans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13806-13814. [PMID: 33169609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The transgalactosylase activity of β-galactosidase produces galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) with prebiotic effects similar to those of major oligosaccharides in human milk. β-Galactosidases from Bacillus circulans ATCC 31382 are important enzymes in industrial-scale GOS production. Here, we show the high GOS yield of β-galactosidase II from B. circulans (β-Gal-II, Lactazyme-B), compared to other commercial enzymes. We also determine the crystal structure of the five conserved domains of β-Gal-II in an apo-form and complexed with galactose and an acceptor sugar, showing the heterogeneous mode of transgalactosylation by the enzyme. Truncation studies of the five conserved domains reveal that all five domains are essential for enzyme catalysis, while some truncated constructs were still expressed as soluble proteins. Structural comparison of β-Gal-II with other β-galactosidase homologues suggests that the GOS linkage preference of the enzyme might be quite different from other enzymes. The structural information on β-Gal-II might provide molecular insights into the transgalactosylation process of the β-galactosidases in GOS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Youl Choi
- R&D Center, GenoFocus Inc., 65 Techno 1-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwaseok Hong
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogyun Seo
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gu Pan
- R&D Center, GenoFocus Inc., 65 Techno 1-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Joong Kim
- R&D Center, GenoFocus Inc., 65 Techno 1-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Jae Maeng
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Ho Yang
- R&D Center, GenoFocus Inc., 65 Techno 1-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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25
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Paulo AJ, Wanderley MCDA, de Oliveira RJV, Vieira WADS, Alves LC, Viana Marques DDA, Converti A, Porto ALF. Production and partial purification by PEG/citrate ATPS of a β-galactosidase from the new promising isolate Cladosporium tenuissimum URM 7803. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:289-299. [PMID: 32907464 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1815054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase production, partial purification and characterization by a new fungal were investigated. Partial purification was performed by aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) using polyethylene glycol (PEG) molar mass, PEG concentration, citrate concentration and pH as the independent variables. Purification factor (PF), partition coefficient (K) and yield (Y) were the responses. After identification by rDNA sequencing and classification as Cladosporium tenuissimum URM 7803, this isolate achieved a maximum cell concentration and β-galactosidase activity of 0.48 g/L and 462.1 U/mL, respectively. β-Galactosidase partitioned preferentially for bottom salt-rich phase likely due to hydrophobicity and volume exclusion effect caused in the top phase by the high PEG concentration and molar mass. The highest value of PF (12.94) was obtained using 24% (w/w) PEG 8000 g/mol and 15% (w/w) citrate, while that of Y (79.76%) using 20% (w/w) PEG 400 g/mol and 25% (w/w) citrate, both at pH 6. The enzyme exhibited optimum temperature in crude and ATPS extracts in the ranges 35-50 °C and 40-55 °C, respectively, and optimum pH in the range 3.0-4.5, with a fall of enzyme activity under alkaline conditions. Some metal ions and detergents inhibited, while others stimulated enzyme activity. Finally, C. tenuissimum URM 7803 β-galactosidase showed a profile suitable for prebiotics production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson José Paulo
- Campus Tefé, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazon (IFAM), Tefé, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Institute Aggeu Magalhães-IAM/FIOCRUZ, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Araújo Viana Marques
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco-ICB/UPE, Santo Amaro, Recife, Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, Genoa, Italy
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26
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Cao T, Pázmándi M, Galambos I, Kovács Z. Continuous Production of Galacto-Oligosaccharides by an Enzyme Membrane Reactor Utilizing Free Enzymes. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E203. [PMID: 32867283 PMCID: PMC7560224 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic compounds widely used for their health-promoting effects. Conventionally, GOS is produced by the enzymatic conversion of lactose in stirred tank reactors (STR). The high operational costs associated with enzyme inactivation and removal might be reduced by the application of enzyme membrane reactors (EMR). In this study, we aimed to assess the potential of continuous GOS production by EMR using soluble Biolacta N5, a Bacillus circulans-derived commercial enzyme preparation. The steady-state performance of the EMR equipped with an ultrafiltration module was investigated as function of residence time (1.1-2.8 h) and enzyme load (17-190 U·g-1) under fixed operational settings of temperature (50 °C), pH (6.0), lactose feed concentration (300 g·kg-1), and recirculation flow-rate (0.18 m3·h-1). Results indicate that the yield of oligosaccharides with higher degree of polymerization (DP3-6) in STR (approx. 38% on total carbohydrate basis) exceeds that measured in EMR (ranging from 24% to 33%). However, a stable catalytic performance without a significant deterioration in product quality was observed when operating the EMR for an extended period of time (> 120 h). Approx. 1.4 kg of DP3-6 was produced per one gram of crude enzyme preparation over the long-term campaigns, indicating that EMR efficiently recovers enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Cao
- Department of Food Engineering, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Melinda Pázmándi
- Department of Food Engineering, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (M.P.)
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Galambos
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, 8200 Nagykanizsa, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Food Engineering, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (M.P.)
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27
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Pázmándi M, Kovács Z, Balga E, Kovács M, Maráz A. Production of high-purity galacto-oligosaccharides by depleting glucose and lactose from galacto-oligosaccharide syrup with yeasts. Yeast 2020; 37:515-530. [PMID: 32602234 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic compounds, widely used as ingredients in various food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. Enzymatic synthesis of GOS results in low-purity products that contain high amounts of glucose and lactose beside the valuable GOS. In this study, a systematic approach was used to develop yeast-based fermentation strategies to purify crude GOS. Potentially applicable yeast strains were identified based on an extensive search in literature databases followed by a series of laboratory-scale fermentation tests. Single- and two-step fermentation processes were designed for the removal of glucose alone or together with lactose from crude GOS syrup. Single-step fermentation trials with two strains of previously unreported species, Cyberlindnera jadinii NCAIM Y.00499 and Kluyveromyces nonfermentans NCAIM Y.01443, resulted in purified products free of both glucose and ethanol from a crude GOS syrup diluted to 15 and 10 w/v%, respectively. Simultaneous removal of glucose and lactose was achieved by Kluyveromyces marxianus DMB Km-RK in a single-step fermentation process with a yield of 97.5% and final purity of 100%. A two-step fermentation approach was designed to allow conversion of a glucose-free product into a high-purity GOS by removing glucose with C. jadinii Y.00499 in the first step, and lactose by Kluyveromyces lactis DMB Kl-RK in the second step, resulting in a final product with a yield of 100% and a final purity of 92.1%. These results indicate that the selected nonconventional yeasts are promising candidates for the removal of non-GOS components from commercial crude GOS products by selective fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Pázmándi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Balga
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kovács
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Maráz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
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28
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A novel β-galactosidase from Klebsiella oxytoca ZJUH1705 for efficient production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6161-6172. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Andrade BC, Timmers LFSM, Renard G, Volpato G, Souza CFV. Microbial β‐Galactosidases of industrial importance: Computational studies on the effects of point mutations on the lactose hydrolysis reaction. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2982. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C. Andrade
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de AlimentosUniversidade do Vale do Taquari – Univates Lajeado Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BiotecnologiaUniversidade do Vale do Taquari – Univates Lajeado Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Luis F. S. M. Timmers
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BiotecnologiaUniversidade do Vale do Taquari – Univates Lajeado Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Gaby Renard
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose, Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Giandra Volpato
- Curso de Biotecnologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ IFRS, Campus Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Claucia F. V. Souza
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de AlimentosUniversidade do Vale do Taquari – Univates Lajeado Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BiotecnologiaUniversidade do Vale do Taquari – Univates Lajeado Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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30
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Overview of Immobilized Enzymes' Applications in Pharmaceutical, Chemical, and Food Industry. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2100:27-63. [PMID: 31939114 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0215-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of immobilized enzymes in industry is becoming a routine process for the manufacture of many key compounds in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industry. Some enzymes like lipases are naturally robust and efficient, can be used for the production of many different molecules, and have found broad industrial applications. Some more specific enzymes, like transaminases, have required protein engineering to become suitable for applications in industrial manufacture. For all enzymes, the possibility to be immobilized and used in a heterogeneous form brings important industrial and environmental advantages such as simplified downstream processing or continuous process operations. Here, we present a series of large-scale applications of immobilized enzymes with benefits for the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and medical device industries, some of them hardly reported before.
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31
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32
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A novel glycoside hydrolase family 42 enzyme with bifunctional β-galactosidase and α-L-arabinopyranosidase activities and its synergistic effects with cognate glycoside hydrolases in plant polysaccharides degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:129-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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A new β-galactosidase extracted from the infant feces with high hydrolytic and transgalactosylation activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8439-8448. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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34
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Dai Z, Feng S, Liu AB, Wang H, Zeng X, Yang CS. Protective effects of α-galacto-oligosaccharides against a high-fat/western-style diet-induced metabolic abnormalities in mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:3660-3670. [PMID: 31166330 PMCID: PMC6588291 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00463g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of a newly synthesized α-galacto-oligosaccharide mixture (α-GOSg), 0.5% in drinking water, on high-fat/western-style diet (HFWD)-induced metabolic abnormality in mice in a study of 13 weeks. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) were included as a comparison. Mice treated with α-GOSg had significantly lower body weight and body fat (p < 0.05), while RFOs were less effective. Both α-GOSg and RFOs significantly reduced serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and liver lipids. However, only α-GOSg significantly decreased the histopathological score for liver steatosis and downregulated hepatic fatty acid synthesis gene acetyl CoA carboxylase-α. α-GOSg also significantly reduced the content of bile acids in the small intestine and significantly increased the abundance of gut Bifidobacterium and decreased the abundance of Clostridium leptum. These actions are proposed to be key mechanisms contributing to the beneficial health effects of α-GOSg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Dai
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Argo-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Simin Feng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna Ba Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chung S. Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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35
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Martins GN, Ureta MM, Tymczyszyn EE, Castilho PC, Gomez-Zavaglia A. Technological Aspects of the Production of Fructo and Galacto-Oligosaccharides. Enzymatic Synthesis and Hydrolysis. Front Nutr 2019; 6:78. [PMID: 31214595 PMCID: PMC6554340 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides (FOS and GOS) are non-digestible oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties that can be incorporated into a wide number of products. This review details the general outlines for the production of FOS and GOS, both by enzymatic synthesis using disaccharides or other substrates, and by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Special emphasis is laid on technological aspects, raw materials, properties, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo N. Martins
- Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Maria Micaela Ureta
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | - E. Elizabeth Tymczyszyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Paula C. Castilho
- Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
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36
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Zhao L, Zhou Y, Qin S, Qin P, Chu J, He B. β-Galactosidase BMG without galactose and glucose inhibition: Secretory expression in Bacillus subtilis and for synthesis of oligosaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:274-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Katrolia P, Liu X, Li G, Kopparapu NK. Enhanced Properties and Lactose Hydrolysis Efficiencies of Food-Grade β-Galactosidases Immobilized on Various Supports: a Comparative Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:410-423. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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38
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Cloning, Expression and Characterization of a Novel Cold-adapted β-galactosidase from the Deep-sea Bacterium Alteromonas sp. ML52. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120469. [PMID: 30486362 PMCID: PMC6315854 DOI: 10.3390/md16120469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Alteromonas sp. ML52, isolated from deep-sea water, was found to synthesize an intracellular cold-adapted β-galactosidase. A novel β-galactosidase gene from strain ML52, encoding 1058 amino acids residues, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 2 and is active as a homotetrameric protein. The recombinant enzyme had maximum activity at 35 °C and pH 8 with a low thermal stability over 30 °C. The enzyme also exhibited a Km of 0.14 mM, a Vmax of 464.7 U/mg and a kcat of 3688.1 S-1 at 35 °C with 2-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside as a substrate. Hydrolysis of lactose assay, performed using milk, indicated that over 90% lactose in milk was hydrolyzed after incubation for 5 h at 25 °C or 24 h at 4 °C and 10 °C, respectively. These properties suggest that recombinant Alteromonas sp. ML52 β-galactosidase is a potential biocatalyst for the lactose-reduced dairy industry.
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39
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Zhang Z, Zhang F, Song L, Sun N, Guan W, Liu B, Tian J, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Site-directed mutation of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus candidus to reduce galactose inhibition in lactose hydrolysis. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:452. [PMID: 30333954 PMCID: PMC6191392 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Galactosidase is widely used for hydrolysis of whey lactose. However, galactose inhibition has acted as a major constraint on the catalytic process. Thus, it is sensible to improve upon this defect in β-galactosidase through protein modification. To reduce the galactose inhibition of Aspergillus candidus β-galactosidase (LACB), four amino acid positions were selected for mutation based on their molecular bindings with galactose. Four mutant libraries (Tyr96, Asn140, Glu142, and Tyr364) of the LACB were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis. Among all of the mutants, Y364F was superior to the wild-type enzyme. The Y364F mutant has a galactose inhibition constant (Ki) of 282 mM, 15.7-fold greater than that of the wild-type enzyme (Ki = 18 mM). When 18 mg/ml galactose was added, the activity of the wild-type enzyme fell to 57% of its initial activity, whereas Y364F activity was maintained at over 90% of its initial activity. The wild-type enzyme hydrolyzed 78% of the initial lactose (240 mg/ml) after 48 h, while the Y364F mutant had a hydrolysis rate greater than 90%. The β-galactosidase Y364F mutant with reduced galactose inhibition may have greater potential applications in whey treatment compared to wild-type LACB.
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40
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Ding H, Zhou L, Zeng Q, Yu Y, Chen B. Heterologous Expression of a Thermostable β-1,3-Galactosidase and Its Potential in Synthesis of Galactooligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E415. [PMID: 30380738 PMCID: PMC6267478 DOI: 10.3390/md16110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A thermostable β-1,3-galactosidase from Marinomonas sp. BSi20414 was successfully heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), with optimum over-expression conditions as follows: the recombinant cells were induced by adding 0.1 mM of IPTG to the medium when the OD600 of the culture reached between 0.6 and 0.9, followed by 22 h incubation at 20 °C. The recombinant enzyme β-1,3-galactosidase (rMaBGA) was further purified to electrophoretic purity by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 126.4 U mg-1 at 37 °C using ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside) as a substrate. The optimum temperature and pH of rMaBGA were determined as 60 °C and 6.0, respectively, resembling with its wild-type counterpart, wild type (wt)MaBGA. However, rMaBGA and wtMaBGA displayed different thermal stability and steady-state kinetics, although they share identical primary structures. It is postulated that the stability of the enzyme was altered by heterologous expression with the absence of post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, as well as the steady-state kinetics. To evaluate the potential of the enzyme in synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), the purified recombinant enzyme was employed to catalyze the transgalactosylation reaction at the lab scale. One of the transgalactosylation products was resolved as 3'-galactosyl-lactose, which had been proven to be a better bifidogenic effector than GOS with β-1,4 linkage and β-1,6 linkages. The results indicated that the recombinant enzyme would be a promising alternative for biosynthesis of GOS mainly with β-1,3 linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ding
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Lili Zhou
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Qian Zeng
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Yong Yu
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China.
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41
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Urrutia P, Bernal C, Wilson L, Illanes A. Use of chitosan heterofunctionality for enzyme immobilization: β-galactosidase immobilization for galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:182-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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42
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Xavier JR, Ramana KV, Sharma RK. β-galactosidase: Biotechnological applications in food processing. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janifer Raj Xavier
- Food Biotechnology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory; Defence Research and Development Organization; Mysore Karnataka India
| | - Karna Venkata Ramana
- Food Biotechnology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory; Defence Research and Development Organization; Mysore Karnataka India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Defence Food Research Laboratory; Defence Research and Development Organization; Mysore Karnataka India
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43
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Park SH, Perrotta A, Hanning I, Diaz-Sanchez S, Pendleton S, Alm E, Ricke SC. Pasture flock chicken cecal microbiome responses to prebiotics and plum fiber feed amendments. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1820-1830. [PMID: 28339946 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. The data indicated that respective feed additives enrich for specific bacterial community members and modulate the diversity of the microbiome. We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.,Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
| | - A Perrotta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Biological Engineering, and the Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - I Hanning
- Department of Science, Lincoln International Academy, Managua, Nicaragua.,The Graduate School of Genome Sciences and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
| | - S Diaz-Sanchez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.,SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - S Pendleton
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
| | - E Alm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Biological Engineering, and the Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - S C Ricke
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.,Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
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Adamíková J, Antošová M, Polakovič M. A Method of Early Phase Selection of Carrier for Aspergillus Oryzae β
-Galactosidase Immobilization for Galactooligosaccharides Production. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800120. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Adamíková
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Slovak University of Technology; Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Monika Antošová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Slovak University of Technology; Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Milan Polakovič
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Slovak University of Technology; Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
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45
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Nidetzky B, Gutmann A, Zhong C. Leloir Glycosyltransferases as Biocatalysts for Chemical Production. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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46
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Jenab E, Omidghane M, Mussone P, Armada DH, Cartmell J, Montemagno C. Enzymatic conversion of lactose into galacto-oligosaccharides: The effect of process parameters, kinetics, foam architecture, and product characterization. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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47
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Pan L, Farouk MH, Qin G, Zhao Y, Bao N. The Influences of Soybean Agglutinin and Functional Oligosaccharides on the Intestinal Tract of Monogastric Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E554. [PMID: 29439523 PMCID: PMC5855776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is a non-fiber carbohydrate-related protein and the main anti-nutritional factor that exists in soybean or soybean products. SBA possesses a specific binding affinity for N-glyphthalide-d-galactosamine or galactose and has a covalently linked oligosaccharide chain. SBA mediates negative effects on animal intestinal health by influencing the intestinal structure, barrier function, mucosal immune system, and the balance of the intestinal flora. Functional oligosaccharides are non-digestible dietary oligosaccharides that are commonly applied as prebiotics since the biological effects of the functional oligosaccharides are to increase the host health by improving mucosal structure and function, protecting the integrity of the intestinal structure, modulating immunity, and balancing the gastrointestinal microbiota. The purpose of this review is to describe the structure and anti-nutritional functions of SBA, summarize the influence of SBA and functional oligosaccharides on the intestinal tract of monogastric animals, and emphasize the relationship between SBA and oligosaccharides. This review provides perspectives on applying functional oligosaccharides for alleviating the anti-nutritional effects of SBA on the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Mohammed Hamdy Farouk
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Guixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Nan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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48
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Gujar VV, Fuke P, Khardenavis AA, Purohit HJ. Draft genome sequence of Penicillium chrysogenum strain HKF2, a fungus with potential for production of prebiotic synthesizing enzymes. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:106. [PMID: 29430367 PMCID: PMC5794679 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have characterized a novel set of extracellular enzymes produced by Penicillium chrysogenum strain HKF2. A draft genome data of 31.5 Mbp was generated and annotation suggested a total of 11,243 protein-coding genes out of which 609 were CAZymes, majority of which were found to have homology with Penicillium rubens, Penicillium chrysogenum followed by Penicillium expansum and Penicillium roqueforti. The prominent CAZyme genes identified in the draft genome encoded for enzymes involved in the production of prebiotics such as inulo-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides. Corresponding enzyme assay indicated that the isolate possessed the potential to produce 11.8 and 3.8 U/mL of β-fructofuranosidase and inulinase, respectively. This study highlights the significance of Effluent Treatment Plants as novel and under-explored niche for isolation of fungi having the potential for production of prebiotics synthesizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav V. Gujar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020 India
| | - Priya Fuke
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
| | - Anshuman A. Khardenavis
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020 India
| | - Hemant J. Purohit
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
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49
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Complex-oligosaccharide composed of galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:781-788. [PMID: 30263804 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of galactooligosaccharide (GOS), lactulose, and a complex-oligosaccharide composed with GOS and lactulose (Com-oligo) on loperamide-induced constipation in SD rats. Rats were randomly divided into the following eight groups: the normal group (Nor); constipation control group (Con); and 6 constipation groups fed low and high doses of GOS, lactulose (Lac), and Com-oligo, respectively. Com-oligo increased intestinal transit ratio and relieved constipation in loperamide-treated rats. The group receiving a high dose of Com-oligo favorably regulated gastrointestinal functions such as pellet number, weight, moisture content, short chain fatty acid, intestinal transit ratio, and bifidobacterium number in constipated rats. In addition, Com-oligo restored peristalsis of the small intestine, morphology of colon, and increased interstitial cells of Cajal area. Thus, providing Com-oligo as an oligosaccharide ingredient in nutritional formulas could benefit the health of the gastrointestinal tract.
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50
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You S, Chang H, Yin Q, Qi W, Wang M, Su R, He Z. Utilization of whey powder as substrate for low-cost preparation of β-galactosidase as main product, and ethanol as by-product, by a litre-scale integrated process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1271-1276. [PMID: 28893497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Whey powder, a by-product of dairy industry, is an attractive raw material for value-added products. In this study, utilization of whey powder as substrate for low-cost preparation of β-galactosidase as main product and ethanol as by-product were investigated by a litre-scale integrated strategy, encompassing fermentation, isolation, permeabilization and spray drying. Firstly, through development of low-cost industrial culture and fed-batch strategies by Kluyveromyces lactis, 119.30U/mL β-galactosidase activity and 16.96mg/mL by-product ethanol were achieved. Afterward, an up-dated mathematic model for the recycling permeabilization was established successfully and 30.4g cells sediment isolated from 5L fermentation broth were permeabilized completely by distilled ethanol from broth supernatant. Then β-galactosidase product with 5.15U/mg from protection of gum acacia by spray drying was obtained. Furthermore, by-product ethanol with 31.08% (v/v) was achieved after permeabilization. Therefore, the integrated strategy using whey powder as substrate is a feasible candidate for industrial-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping You
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Hongxing Chang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qingdian Yin
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Qi
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Mengfan Wang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Rongxin Su
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhimin He
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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