1
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Le Montagner P, Bakhtiar Y, Miot-Sertier C, Guilbaud M, Albertin W, Moine V, Dols-Lafargue M, Masneuf-Pomarède I. Effect of abiotic and biotic factors on Brettanomyces bruxellensis bioadhesion properties. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104480. [PMID: 38431326 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms are central to microbial life because of the advantage that this mode of life provides, whereas the planktonic form is considered to be transient in the environment. During the winemaking process, grape must and wines host a wide diversity of microorganisms able to grow in biofilm. This is the case of Brettanomyces bruxellensis considered the most harmful spoilage yeast, due to its negative sensory effect on wine and its ability to colonise stressful environments. In this study, the effect of different biotic and abiotic factors on the bioadhesion and biofilm formation capacities of B. bruxellensis was analyzed. Ethanol concentration and pH had negligible effect on yeast surface properties, pseudohyphal cell formation or bioadhesion, while the strain and genetic group factors strongly modulated the phenotypes studied. From a biotic point of view, the presence of two different strains of B. bruxellensis did not lead to a synergistic effect. A competition between the strains was rather observed during biofilm formation which seemed to be driven by the strain with the highest bioadhesion capacity. Finally, the presence of wine bacteria reduced the bioadhesion of B. bruxellensis. Due to biofilm formation, O. oeni cells were observed attached to B. bruxellensis as well as extracellular matrix on the surface of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Le Montagner
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Science Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Biolaffort, Floirac, France
| | - Yacine Bakhtiar
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Science Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cecile Miot-Sertier
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Science Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Morgan Guilbaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Warren Albertin
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Science Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; ENSMAC, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Marguerite Dols-Lafargue
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Science Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; ENSMAC, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarède
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Science Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175, Gradignan, France.
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2
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Bitew D, Tesfaye A, Andualem B. Isolation, screening and identification of ethanol producing yeasts from Ethiopian fermented beverages. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 40:e00815. [PMID: 37876548 PMCID: PMC10590766 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for renewable energy sources such as bioethanol is facing a lack of efficient ethanologenic microbes. This study aimed to isolate and screen ethanologenic yeasts from Ethiopian fermented beverages. A progressive screening and selection approach was employed. Selected isolates were evaluated for bioethanol production using banana peel waste as substrate. A total of 102 isolates were obtained. Sixteen isolates were selected based on their tolerance to stress conditions and carbohydrate fermentation and assimilation capacity. Most found moderately tolerant to 10 %, but slightly tolerant at 15 and 20 % (v/v) ethanol concentration. They yield 15.3 to 20.1 g/L and 9.1 ± 0.6 to 12.9 ± 1.3 g/L ethanol from 2 % (w/v) glucose and 80 g/L banana peel, respectively. Molecular characterization identified them as Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Results demonstrate insight about their potential role in the ethanol industry. Optimization of the fermentation conditions is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagnew Bitew
- Department of Biology, Mizan-Tepi University, P. BOX: 260, Ethiopia
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, P.BOX: 196, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Tesfaye
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.BOX: 1176, Ethiopia
- BioTEI, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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3
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Marr RA, Moore J, Formby S, Martiniuk JT, Hamilton J, Ralli S, Konwar K, Rajasundaram N, Hahn A, Measday V. Whole genome sequencing of Canadian Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from spontaneous wine fermentations reveals a new Pacific West Coast Wine clade. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad130. [PMID: 37307358 PMCID: PMC10411583 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vineyards in wine regions around the world are reservoirs of yeast with oenological potential. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments grape sugars to ethanol and generates flavor and aroma compounds in wine. Wineries place a high-value on identifying yeast native to their region to develop a region-specific wine program. Commercial wine strains are genetically very similar due to a population bottleneck and in-breeding compared to the diversity of S. cerevisiae from the wild and other industrial processes. We have isolated and microsatellite-typed hundreds of S. cerevisiae strains from spontaneous fermentations of grapes from the Okanagan Valley wine region in British Columbia, Canada. We chose 75 S. cerevisiae strains, based on our microsatellite clustering data, for whole genome sequencing using Illumina paired-end reads. Phylogenetic analysis shows that British Columbian S. cerevisiae strains cluster into 4 clades: Wine/European, Transpacific Oak, Beer 1/Mixed Origin, and a new clade that we have designated as Pacific West Coast Wine. The Pacific West Coast Wine clade has high nucleotide diversity and shares genomic characteristics with wild North American oak strains but also has gene flow from Wine/European and Ecuadorian clades. We analyzed gene copy number variations to find evidence of domestication and found that strains in the Wine/European and Pacific West Coast Wine clades have gene copy number variation reflective of adaptations to the wine-making environment. The "wine circle/Region B", a cluster of 5 genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer into the genome of commercial wine strains is also present in the majority of the British Columbian strains in the Wine/European clade but in a minority of the Pacific West Coast Wine clade strains. Previous studies have shown that S. cerevisiae strains isolated from Mediterranean Oak trees may be the living ancestors of European wine yeast strains. This study is the first to isolate S. cerevisiae strains with genetic similarity to nonvineyard North American Oak strains from spontaneous wine fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alexander Marr
- Genome Science and Technology Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jackson Moore
- Genome Science and Technology Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sean Formby
- Koonkie Canada Inc., 321 Water Street Suite 501, Vancouver, BC V6B 1B8, Canada
| | - Jonathan T Martiniuk
- Department of Food Science, Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Food Science Graduate Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jonah Hamilton
- Department of Food Science, Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sneha Ralli
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive East K9625, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kishori Konwar
- Koonkie Canada Inc., 321 Water Street Suite 501, Vancouver, BC V6B 1B8, Canada
| | - Nisha Rajasundaram
- Koonkie Canada Inc., 321 Water Street Suite 501, Vancouver, BC V6B 1B8, Canada
| | - Aria Hahn
- Koonkie Canada Inc., 321 Water Street Suite 501, Vancouver, BC V6B 1B8, Canada
| | - Vivien Measday
- Department of Food Science, Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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4
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Le Montagner P, Guilbaud M, Miot-Sertier C, Brocard L, Albertin W, Ballestra P, Dols-Lafargue M, Renouf V, Moine V, Bellon-Fontaine MN, Masneuf-Pomarède I. High intraspecific variation of the cell surface physico-chemical and bioadhesion properties in Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Food Microbiol 2023; 112:104217. [PMID: 36906300 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Brettanomyces bruxellensis is the most damaging spoilage yeast in the wine industry because of its negative impact on the wine organoleptic qualities. The strain persistence in cellars over several years associated with recurrent wine contamination suggest specific properties to persist and survive in the environment through bioadhesion phenomena. In this work, the physico-chemical surface properties, morphology and ability to adhere to stainless steel were studied both on synthetic medium and on wine. More than 50 strains representative of the genetic diversity of the species were considered. Microscopy techniques made it possible to highlight a high morphological diversity of the cells with the presence of pseudohyphae forms for some genetic groups. Analysis of the physico-chemical properties of the cell surface reveals contrasting behaviors: most of the strains display a negative surface charge and hydrophilic behavior while the Beer 1 genetic group has a hydrophobic behavior. All strains showed bioadhesion abilities on stainless steel after only 3 h with differences in the concentration of bioadhered cells ranging from 2.2 × 102 cell/cm2 to 7.6 × 106 cell/cm2. Finally, our results show high variability of the bioadhesion properties, the first step in the biofilm formation, according to the genetic group with the most marked bioadhesion capacity for the beer group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Le Montagner
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Laboratoire EXCELL, Floirac, France; Biolaffort, Floirac, France.
| | - Morgan Guilbaud
- Univ. Paris-Saclay, SayFood, AgroParisTech, INRAE UMR 782, 91300, Massy, France
| | - Cécile Miot-Sertier
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Univ. Bordeaux, Plant Imaging Platform, Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420, CNRS, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Warren Albertin
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; ENSCBP, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Patricia Ballestra
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Marguerite Dols-Lafargue
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; ENSCBP, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | | | | | | | - Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarède
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175, Gradignan, France
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5
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García-Ríos E, Guillamón JM. Genomic Adaptations of Saccharomyces Genus to Wine Niche. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091811. [PMID: 36144411 PMCID: PMC9500811 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine yeast have been exposed to harsh conditions for millennia, which have led to adaptive evolutionary strategies. Thus, wine yeasts from Saccharomyces genus are considered an interesting and highly valuable model to study human-drive domestication processes. The rise of whole-genome sequencing technologies together with new long reads platforms has provided new understanding about the population structure and the evolution of wine yeasts. Population genomics studies have indicated domestication fingerprints in wine yeast, including nucleotide variations, chromosomal rearrangements, horizontal gene transfer or hybridization, among others. These genetic changes contribute to genetically and phenotypically distinct strains. This review will summarize and discuss recent research on evolutionary trajectories of wine yeasts, highlighting the domestication hallmarks identified in this group of yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estéfani García-Ríos
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Department of Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia-VIU, Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - José Manuel Guillamón
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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6
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Gonzalez R, Morales P. Truth in wine yeast. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:1339-1356. [PMID: 34173338 PMCID: PMC9049622 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary history and early association with anthropogenic environments have made Saccharomyces cerevisiae the quintessential wine yeast. This species typically dominates any spontaneous wine fermentation and, until recently, virtually all commercially available wine starters belonged to this species. The Crabtree effect, and the ability to grow under fully anaerobic conditions, contribute decisively to their dominance in this environment. But not all strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are equally suitable as starter cultures. In this article, we review the physiological and genetic characteristics of S. cerevisiae wine strains, as well as the biotic and abiotic factors that have shaped them through evolution. Limited genetic diversity of this group of yeasts could be a constraint to solving the new challenges of oenology. However, research in this field has for many years been providing tools to increase this diversity, from genetic engineering and classical genetic tools to the inclusion of other yeast species in the catalogues of wine yeasts. On occasion, these less conventional species may contribute to the generation of interspecific hybrids with S. cerevisiae. Thus, our knowledge about wine strains of S. cerevisiae and other wine yeasts is constantly expanding. Over the last decades, wine yeast research has been a pillar for the modernisation of oenology, and we can be confident that yeast biotechnology will keep contributing to solving any challenges, such as climate change, that we may face in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Gonzalez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de la Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Carretera de Burgos, km 6, Logroño, La Rioja, 26071, Spain
| | - Pilar Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de la Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Carretera de Burgos, km 6, Logroño, La Rioja, 26071, Spain
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7
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Zhou X, Suo J, Liu C, Niu C, Zheng F, Li Q, Wang J. Genome comparison of three lager yeasts reveals key genes affecting yeast flocculation during beer fermentation. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6284804. [PMID: 34037755 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast flocculation plays an essential role in industrial application. Appropriate flocculation of yeast cells at the end of fermentation benefits the cell separation in production, which is an important characteristic of lager yeast for beer production. Due to the complex fermentation environment and diverse genetic background of yeast strains, it is difficult to explain the flocculation mechanism and find key genes that affect yeast flocculation during beer brewing. By analyzing the genomic mutation of two natural mutant yeasts with stronger flocculation ability compared to the parental strain, it was found that the mutated genes common in both mutants were enriched in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, membrane lipid metabolism and other pathways or biological processes involved in stress responses. Further functional verification of genes revealed that regulation of RIM101 and VPS36 played a role in lager yeast flocculation under the brewing condition. This work provided new clues for improving yeast flocculation in beer brewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyi Suo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengtuo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feiyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Yeast Flocculin: Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Flocculation in Yeast Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32306350 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Flocculation, the clump forming property of yeast, has long been appreciated in breweries and utilized as an off-cost method to enable the reuse of yeast cells. Members of the flocculin protein family were identified as the adherent proteins on the cell surface responsible for flocculation, and their properties have been investigated. Crystal structures of the adhesion domain of flocculins revealed their unique mode of ligand binding where a calcium ion is located in the middle of the interface between flocculin and the interacting sugar. Here we describe the most commonly used flocculation assay. The method is simple and easy, yet it is the most direct and reliable assay to evaluate the flocculation cellular phenotype.
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9
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Varela C, Bartel C, Nandorfy DE, Borneman A, Schmidt S, Curtin C. Identification of flocculant wine yeast strains with improved filtration-related phenotypes through application of high-throughput sedimentation rate assays. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2738. [PMID: 32066762 PMCID: PMC7026045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In most yeast-driven biotechnological applications, biomass is separated from the aqueous phase after fermentation or production has finished. During winemaking, yeasts are removed after fermentation by racking, filtration, or centrifugation, which add costs to the overall process and may reduce product yield. Theoretically, clarification and filtration can be aided through use of yeast strains that form flocs due to cell-cell binding, a process known as flocculation. However, because early flocculation can cause stuck/sluggish fermentations, this phenotype is not common amongst commercially available wine yeasts. In this study we sought to identify wine strains that exhibit late-fermentation flocculant behaviour using two complementary approaches; a high-throughput sedimentation rate assay of individual strains and a competitive sedimentation assay using a barcoded yeast collection. Amongst 103 wine strains, several exhibited strong sedimentation at the end of the wine fermentation process under various environmental conditions. Two of these strains, AWRI1688 and AWRI1759, were further characterised during red winemaking trials. Shiraz wines produced with both strains displayed improved filtration-related properties. AWRI1759 produced wines with greater filterability, whereas AWRI1688 enabled the recovery of larger wine volumes after racking. Thus, this study demonstrates the effective use of sedimentation screening assays to identify wine yeasts with practical winemaking applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Varela
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia. .,Department of Wine & Food Science, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Caroline Bartel
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Borneman
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Simon Schmidt
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Chris Curtin
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia.,College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Wiegand Hall, 3051 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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10
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Di Gianvito P, Perpetuini G, Tittarelli F, Schirone M, Arfelli G, Piva A, Patrignani F, Lanciotti R, Olivastri L, Suzzi G, Tofalo R. Impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on traditional sparkling wines production. Food Res Int 2018; 109:552-560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Zhang K, Di YN, Qi L, Sui Y, Wang TY, Fan L, Lv ZM, Wu XC, Wang PM, Zheng DQ. Genetic characterization and modification of a bioethanol-producing yeast strain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2213-2223. [PMID: 29333587 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from different sources generally show extensive genetic and phenotypic diversity. Understanding how genomic variations influence phenotypes is important for developing strategies with improved economic traits. The diploid S. cerevisiae strain NY1308 is used for cellulosic bioethanol production. Whole genome sequencing identified an extensive amount of single nucleotide variations and small insertions/deletions in the genome of NY1308 compared with the S288c genome. Gene annotation of the assembled NY1308 genome showed that 43 unique genes are absent in the S288c genome. Phylogenetic analysis suggested most of the unique genes were obtained through horizontal gene transfer from other species. RNA-Seq revealed that some unique genes were not functional in NY1308 due to unidentified intron sequences. During bioethanol fermentation, NY1308 tends to flocculate when certain inhibitors (derived from the pretreatment of cellulosic feedstock) are present in the fermentation medium. qRT-PCR and genetic manipulation confirmed that the novel gene, NYn43, contributed to the flocculation ability of NY1308. Deletion of NYn43 resulted in a faster fermentation rate for NY1308. This work disclosed the genetic characterization of a bioethanol-producing S. cerevisiae strain and provided a useful paradigm showing how the genetic diversity of the yeast population would facilitate the personalized development of desirable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Ya-Nan Di
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316021, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316021, China
| | - Yang Sui
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316021, China
| | - Ting-Yu Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316021, China
| | - Li Fan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316021, China
| | - Zhen-Mei Lv
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Xue-Chang Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Pin-Mei Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316021, China
| | - Dao-Qiong Zheng
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316021, China.
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12
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FLO5 gene controls flocculation phenotype and adhesive properties in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae sparkling wine strain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10786. [PMID: 28883485 PMCID: PMC5589750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flocculation is an important feature for yeast survival in adverse conditions. The natural diversity of flocculating genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can also be exploited in several biotechnological applications. Flocculation is mainly regulated by the expression of genes belonging to the FLO family. These genes have a similar function, but their specific contribution to flocculation ability is still unclear. In this study, the distribution of FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 genes in four S. cerevisiae wine strains was investigated. Subsequently, both FLO1 and FLO5 genes were separately deleted in a flocculent S. cerevisiae wine strain. After gene disruption, flocculation ability and agar adhesion were evaluated. FLO1 and FLO5 genes inheritance was also monitored. All strains presented different lengths for FLO1 and FLO5 genes. Results confirm that in S. cerevisiae strain F6789, the FLO5 gene drives flocculation and influences adhesive properties. Flocculation ability monitoring after a cross with a non-flocculent strain revealed that FLO5 is the gene responsible for flocculation development.
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13
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Pinheiro ÁDT, da Silva Pereira A, Barros EM, Antonini SRC, Cartaxo SJM, Rocha MVP, Gonçalves LRB. Mathematical modeling of the ethanol fermentation of cashew apple juice by a flocculent yeast: the effect of initial substrate concentration and temperature. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1221-1235. [PMID: 28589216 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of initial sugar concentration and temperature on the production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCA008, a flocculent yeast, using cashew apple juice in a 1L-bioreactor was studied. The experimental results were used to develop a kinetic model relating biomass, ethanol production and total reducing sugar consumption. Monod, Andrews, Levenspiel and Ghose and Tyagi models were investigated to represent the specific growth rate without inhibition, with inhibition by substrate and with inhibition by product, respectively. Model validation was performed using a new set of experimental data obtained at 34 °C and using 100 g L-1 of initial substrate concentration. The model proposed by Ghose and Tyagi was able to accurately describe the dynamics of ethanol production by S. cerevisiae CCA008 growing on cashew apple juice, containing an initial reducing sugar concentration ranging from 70 to 170 g L-1 and temperature, from 26 to 42 °C. The model optimization was also accomplished based on the following parameters: percentage volume of ethanol per volume of solution (%V ethanol/V solution), efficiency and reaction productivity. The optimal operational conditions were determined using response surface graphs constructed with simulated data, reaching an efficiency and a productivity of 93.5% and 5.45 g L-1 h-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Daniel Teles Pinheiro
- Departamento de Agrotecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Andréa da Silva Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Meneses Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Ceccato Antonini
- Departamento de Tecnologia Agro-Industrial e Sócio-Economia Rural, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel Jorge Marques Cartaxo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Rocha B Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil.
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Deed RC, Fedrizzi B, Gardner RC. Saccharomyces cerevisiae FLO1 Gene Demonstrates Genetic Linkage to Increased Fermentation Rate at Low Temperatures. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:1039-1048. [PMID: 28143947 PMCID: PMC5345705 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.037630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Low fermentation temperatures are of importance to food and beverage industries working with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Therefore, the identification of genes demonstrating a positive impact on fermentation kinetics is of significant interest. A set of 121 mapped F1 progeny, derived from a cross between haploid strains BY4716 (a derivative of the laboratory yeast S288C) and wine yeast RM11-1a, were fermented in New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc grape juice at 12.5°. Analyses of five key fermentation kinetic parameters among the F1 progeny identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome I with a significant degree of linkage to maximal fermentation rate (Vmax) at low temperature. Independent deletions of two candidate genes within the region, FLO1 and SWH1, were constructed in the parental strains (with S288C representing BY4716). Fermentation of wild-type and deletion strains at 12.5 and 25° confirmed that the genetic linkage to Vmax corresponds to the S288C version of the FLO1 allele, as the absence of this allele reduced Vmax by ∼50% at 12.5°, but not at 25°. Reciprocal hemizygosity analysis (RHA) between S288C and RM11-1a FLO1 alleles did not confirm the prediction that the S288C version of FLO1 was promoting more rapid fermentation in the opposing strain background, suggesting that the positive effect on Vmax derived from S288C FLO1 may only provide an advantage in haploids, or is dependent on strain-specific cis or trans effects. This research adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the role of FLO1 in providing stress tolerance to S. cerevisiae during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Deed
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bruno Fedrizzi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Richard C Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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15
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Force Sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Flocculins. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00128-16. [PMID: 27547825 PMCID: PMC4989244 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00128-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae flocculins mediate the formation of cellular aggregates and biofilm-like mats, useful in clearing yeast from fermentations. An important property of fungal adhesion proteins, including flocculins, is the ability to form catch bonds, i.e., bonds that strengthen under tension. This strengthening is based, at least in part, on increased avidity of binding due to clustering of adhesins in cell surface nanodomains. This clustering depends on amyloid-like β-aggregation of short amino acid sequences in the adhesins. In Candida albicans adhesin Als5, shear stress from vortex mixing can unfold part of the protein to expose aggregation-prone sequences, and then adhesins aggregate into nanodomains. We therefore tested whether shear stress from mixing can increase flocculation activity by potentiating similar protein remodeling and aggregation in the flocculins. The results demonstrate the applicability of the Als adhesin model and provide a rational framework for the enhancement or inhibition of flocculation in industrial applications. Many fungal adhesins have short, β-aggregation-prone sequences that play important functional roles, and in the Candida albicans adhesin Als5p, these sequences cluster the adhesins after exposure to shear force. Here, we report that Saccharomyces cerevisiae flocculins Flo11p and Flo1p have similar β-aggregation-prone sequences and are similarly stimulated by shear force, despite being nonhomologous. Shear from vortex mixing induced the formation of small flocs in cells expressing either adhesin. After the addition of Ca2+, yeast cells from vortex-sheared populations showed greatly enhanced flocculation and displayed more pronounced thioflavin-bright surface nanodomains. At high concentrations, amyloidophilic dyes inhibited Flo1p- and Flo11p-mediated agar invasion and the shear-induced increase in flocculation. Consistent with these results, atomic force microscopy of Flo11p showed successive force-distance peaks characteristic of sequentially unfolding tandem repeat domains, like Flo1p and Als5p. Flo11p-expressing cells bound together through homophilic interactions with adhesion forces of up to 700 pN and rupture lengths of up to 600 nm. These results are consistent with the potentiation of yeast flocculation by shear-induced formation of high-avidity domains of clustered adhesins at the cell surface, similar to the activation of Candida albicans adhesin Als5p. Thus, yeast adhesins from three independent gene families use similar force-dependent interactions to drive cell adhesion. IMPORTANCE The Saccharomyces cerevisiae flocculins mediate the formation of cellular aggregates and biofilm-like mats, useful in clearing yeast from fermentations. An important property of fungal adhesion proteins, including flocculins, is the ability to form catch bonds, i.e., bonds that strengthen under tension. This strengthening is based, at least in part, on increased avidity of binding due to clustering of adhesins in cell surface nanodomains. This clustering depends on amyloid-like β-aggregation of short amino acid sequences in the adhesins. In Candida albicans adhesin Als5, shear stress from vortex mixing can unfold part of the protein to expose aggregation-prone sequences, and then adhesins aggregate into nanodomains. We therefore tested whether shear stress from mixing can increase flocculation activity by potentiating similar protein remodeling and aggregation in the flocculins. The results demonstrate the applicability of the Als adhesin model and provide a rational framework for the enhancement or inhibition of flocculation in industrial applications.
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16
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Tofalo R, Perpetuini G, Di Gianvito P, Arfelli G, Schirone M, Corsetti A, Suzzi G. Characterization of specialized flocculent yeasts to improve sparkling wine fermentation. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1574-84. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Tofalo
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food; Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; Mosciano Sant' Angelo (TE) Italy
| | - G. Perpetuini
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food; Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; Mosciano Sant' Angelo (TE) Italy
| | - P. Di Gianvito
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food; Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; Mosciano Sant' Angelo (TE) Italy
| | - G. Arfelli
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food; Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; Mosciano Sant' Angelo (TE) Italy
| | - M. Schirone
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food; Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; Mosciano Sant' Angelo (TE) Italy
| | - A. Corsetti
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food; Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; Mosciano Sant' Angelo (TE) Italy
| | - G. Suzzi
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food; Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; Mosciano Sant' Angelo (TE) Italy
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17
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Moore JP, Zhang SL, Nieuwoudt H, Divol B, Trygg J, Bauer FF. A multivariate approach using attenuated total reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy to measure the surface mannoproteins and β-glucans of yeast cell walls during wine fermentations. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10054-10063. [PMID: 26488434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Yeast cells possess a cell wall comprising primarily glycoproteins, mannans, and glucan polymers. Several yeast phenotypes relevant for fermentation, wine processing, and wine quality are correlated with cell wall properties. To investigate the effect of wine fermentation on cell wall composition, a study was performed using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate methods (i.e., PCA and OPLS-DA). A total of 40 yeast strains were evaluated, including Saccharomyces strains (laboratory and industrial) and non-Saccharomyces species. Cells were fermented in both synthetic MS300 and Chardonnay grape must to stationery phase, processed, and scanned in the MIR spectrum. PCA of the fingerprint spectral region showed distinct separation of Saccharomyces strains from non-Saccharomyces species; furthermore, industrial wine yeast strains separated from laboratory strains. PCA loading plots and the use of OPLS-DA to the data sets suggested that industrial strains were enriched with cell wall proteins (e.g., mannoproteins), whereas laboratory strains were composed mainly of mannan and glucan polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Moore
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Song-Lei Zhang
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Hélène Nieuwoudt
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Benoit Divol
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Johan Trygg
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University , Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Florian F Bauer
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa
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18
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Koyama S, Tsubouchi T, Usui K, Uematsu K, Tame A, Nogi Y, Ohta Y, Hatada Y, Kato C, Miwa T, Toyofuku T, Nagahama T, Konishi M, Nagano Y, Abe F. Involvement of flocculin in negative potential-applied ITO electrode adhesion of yeast cells. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov064. [PMID: 26187908 PMCID: PMC4629795 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop novel methods for attachment and cultivation of specifically positioned single yeast cells on a microelectrode surface with the application of a weak electrical potential. Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploid strains attached to an indium tin oxide/glass (ITO) electrode to which a negative potential between −0.2 and −0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied, while they did not adhere to a gallium-doped zinc oxide/glass electrode surface. The yeast cells attached to the negative potential-applied ITO electrodes showed normal cell proliferation. We found that the flocculin FLO10 gene-disrupted diploid BY4743 mutant strain (flo10Δ /flo10Δ) almost completely lost the ability to adhere to the negative potential-applied ITO electrode. Our results indicate that the mechanisms of diploid BY4743 S. cerevisiae adhesion involve interaction between the negative potential-applied ITO electrode and the Flo10 protein on the cell wall surface. A combination of micropatterning techniques of living single yeast cell on the ITO electrode and omics technologies holds potential of novel, highly parallelized, microchip-based single-cell analysis that will contribute to new screening concepts and applications. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selectively attached on the negative potential-applied indium tin oxide/glass electrode. Mechanisms of the yeast cell attachment involve Flocculin Flo10 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumihiro Koyama
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Taishi Tsubouchi
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Keiko Usui
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Uematsu
- Department of Marine Science, Marine Works Japan Ltd., 3-54-1 Oppamahigashi, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tame
- Department of Marine Science, Marine Works Japan Ltd., 3-54-1 Oppamahigashi, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nogi
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yukari Ohta
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yuji Hatada
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kato
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miwa
- Marine Technology and Engineering Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyofuku
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nagahama
- Department of Foods and Human Nutrition, Notre Dame Seishin University, 2-16-9 Ifuku-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8516, Japan
| | - Masaaki Konishi
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido 090-8507, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nagano
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
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19
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Li T, Wang J, Wei X, Zhao HY, Zhao ZX, Liu HB. Identification and characterization of a Bacillus methylotrophicus strain with high flocculating activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15766h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bioflocculant-producing strain C412 was derived from Bacillus methylotrophicus. The bioflocculant is pH tolerant and thermostable; charge neutralization and bridging are the main flocculation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Hong-Yi Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Zhong-Xing Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Hai-Bo Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
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20
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Alvarez F, Correa LFDM, Araújo TM, Mota BEF, da Conceição LEFR, Castro IDM, Brandão RL. Variable flocculation profiles of yeast strains isolated from cachaça distilleries. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 190:97-104. [PMID: 25209588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In cachaça production, the use of yeast cells as starters with predictable flocculation behavior facilitates the cell recovery at the end of each fermentation cycle. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explain the behavior of cachaça yeast strains in fermentation vats containing sugarcane through the determination of biochemical and molecular parameters associated with flocculation phenotypes. By analyzing thirteen cachaça yeast strains isolated from different distilleries, our results demonstrated that neither classic biochemical measurements (e.g., percentage of flocculation, EDTA sensitivity, cell surface hydrophobicity, and sugar residues on the cell wall) nor modern molecular approaches, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (q-PCR), were sufficient to distinctly classify the cachaça yeast strains according to their flocculation behavior. It seems that flocculation is indeed a strain-specific phenomenon that is difficult to explain and/or categorize by the available methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Alvarez
- Cerlev - Projetos e Inovação na Biotecnologia da Fermentação Ltda, Rua Amaro Lanari 59, Saramenha, 35.400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Lygia Fátima da Mata Correa
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Thalita Macedo Araújo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno Eduardo Fernandes Mota
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ieso de Miranda Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Rogelio Lopes Brandão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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21
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Tofalo R, Perpetuini G, Di Gianvito P, Schirone M, Corsetti A, Suzzi G. Genetic diversity of FLO1 and FLO5 genes in wine flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 191:45-52. [PMID: 25218464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight flocculent wine strains were tested for adhesion and flocculation phenotypic variability. Moreover, the expression patterns of the main genes involved in flocculation (FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8) were studied both in synthetic medium and in presence of ethanol stress. Molecular identification and typing were achieved by PCR-RFLP of the 5.8S ITS rRNA region and microsatellite PCR fingerprinting, respectively. All isolates belong to Saccharomyces cerevisiae species. The analysis of microsatellites highlighted the intraspecific genetic diversity of flocculent wine S. cerevisiae strains allowing obtaining strain-specific profiles. Moreover, strains were characterized on the basis of adhesive properties. A wide biodiversity was observed even if none of the tested strains were able to form biofilms (or 'mats'), or to adhere to polystyrene. Moreover, genetic diversity of FLO1 and FLO5 flocculating genes was determined by PCR. Genetic diversity was detected for both genes, but a relationship with the flocculation degree was not found. So, the expression patterns of FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 genes was investigated in a synthetic medium and a relationship between the expression of FLO5 gene and the flocculation capacity was established. To study the expression of FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 genes in floc formation and ethanol stress resistance qRT-PCR was carried out and also in this case strains with flocculent capacity showed higher levels of FLO5 gene expression. This study confirmed the diversity of flocculation phenotype and genotype in wine yeasts. Moreover, the importance of FLO5 gene in development of high flocculent characteristic of wine yeasts was highlighted. The obtained collection of S. cerevisiae flocculent wine strains could be useful to study the relationship between the genetic variation and flocculation phenotype in wine yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Tofalo
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Perpetuini
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy
| | - Paola Di Gianvito
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy
| | - Maria Schirone
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Suzzi
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano S. Angelo, Italy.
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Abstract
Alcoholic fermentations have accompanied human civilizations throughout our history. Lager yeasts have a several-century-long tradition of providing fresh beer with clean taste. The yeast strains used for lager beer fermentation have long been recognized as hybrids between two Saccharomyces species. We summarize the initial findings on this hybrid nature, the genomics/transcriptomics of lager yeasts, and established targets of strain improvements. Next-generation sequencing has provided fast access to yeast genomes. Its use in population genomics has uncovered many more hybridization events within Saccharomyces species, so that lager yeast hybrids are no longer the exception from the rule. These findings have led us to propose network evolution within Saccharomyces species. This "web of life" recognizes the ability of closely related species to exchange DNA and thus drain from a combined gene pool rather than be limited to a gene pool restricted by speciation. Within the domesticated lager yeasts, two groups, the Saaz and Frohberg groups, can be distinguished based on fermentation characteristics. Recent evidence suggests that these groups share an evolutionary history. We thus propose to refer to the Saaz group as Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and to the Frohberg group as Saccharomyces pastorianus based on their distinct genomes. New insight into the hybrid nature of lager yeast will provide novel directions for future strain improvement.
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23
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Nakagawa Y, Hasebe T, Ishiai M, Yamamura H, Iimura Y, Hayakawa M. Forced expression of FLO11 confers pellicle-forming ability and furfural tolerance on Saccharomyces cerevisiae in ethanol production. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:714-7. [PMID: 25036972 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.895660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We constructed a plasmid that expresses FLO11 encoding a cell surface glycoprotein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of a constitutive promoter. This plasmid conferred pellicle-forming ability on the non-pellicle-forming industrial strain of S. cerevisiae at the air-liquid interface of the glucose-containing liquid medium. The induced pellicle-forming cells exhibited tolerance to furfural, which is a key toxin in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, in ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youji Nakagawa
- a Division of Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511 , Japan
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Rodriguez ME, Orozco H, Cantoral JM, Matallana E, Aranda A. Acetyltransferase SAS2 and sirtuin SIR2, respectively, control flocculation and biofilm formation in wine yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:845-57. [PMID: 24920206 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell and cell-to-environment interactions of microorganisms are of substantial relevance for their biotechnological use. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, flocculation can be an advantage to clarify final liquid products after fermentation, and biofilm formation may be relevant for the encapsulation of strains of interest. The adhesion properties of wine yeast strains can be modified by the genetic manipulation of transcriptional regulatory proteins, such as histone deacetylases, and acetylases. Sirtuin SIR2 is essential for the formation of mat structures, a kind of biofilm that requires the expression of cell-wall protein FLO11 as its deletion reduces FLO11 expression, and adhesion of cells to themselves and to agar in a commercial wine strain. Deletion of acetyltransferase GCN5 leads to a similar phenotype. A naturally flocculant wine yeast strain called P2 was characterized. Its flocculation happens only during grape juice fermentation and is due to the presence of a highly transcribed version of flocculin FLO5, linked to the presence of a δ sequence in the promoter. Deletion of acetyltransferase SAS2 enhances this phenotype and maltose fermentation even more. Therefore, the manipulation of acetylation/deacetylation machinery members is a valid way to alter the interaction of industrial yeast to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de MicrobiologÍa Enológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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25
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Fischer S, Procopio S, Becker T. Self-cloning brewing yeast: a new dimension in beverage production. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Overexpression of stress-related genes enhances cell viability and velum formation in Sherry wine yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:6867-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cell aggregations in yeasts and their applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:2305-18. [PMID: 23397484 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts can display four types of cellular aggregation: sexual, flocculation, biofilm formation, and filamentous growth. These cell aggregations arise, in some yeast strains, as a response to environmental or physiological changes. Sexual aggregation is part of the yeast mating process, representing the first step of meiotic recombination. The flocculation phenomenon is a calcium-dependent asexual reversible cellular aggregation that allows the yeast to withstand adverse conditions. Biofilm formation consists of multicellular aggregates that adhere to solid surfaces and are embedded in a protein matrix; this gives the yeast strain either the ability to colonize new environments or to survive harsh environmental conditions. Finally, the filamentous growth is the ability of some yeast strains to grow in filament forms. Filamentous growth can be attained by two different means, with the formation of either hyphae or pseudohyphae. Both hyphae and pseudohyphae arise when the yeast strain is under nutrient starvation conditions and they represent a means for the microbial strain to spread over a wide area to survey for food sources, without increasing its biomass. Additionally, this filamentous growth is also responsible for the invasive growth of some yeast.
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28
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Zhao XQ, Li Q, He LY, Li F, Que WW, Bai FW. Exploration of a natural reservoir of flocculating genes from various Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and improved ethanol fermentation using stable genetically engineered flocculating yeast strains. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Vallejo JA, Serrat M, Pérez-Portuondo I, Sánchez-Pérez A, Ageitos JM, Villa TG. A novel Kluyveromyces marxianus strain with an inducible flocculation phenotype. AMB Express 2012; 2:38. [PMID: 22838397 PMCID: PMC3431993 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Flocculation is a very useful phenotype for industrial yeast strains, since it facilitates cell harvest and represents an easy way of cell immobilization in continuous fermentation processes. The present work represents the first time that an inducible flocculation phenotype has been generated in a non flocculent strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus. This was accomplished by expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae FLO5 gene in K. marxianus CECT 11769 strain. The FLO 5 gene was placed under the control of an EPG promoter, not repressed by glucose and induced by anoxia. Our experimental approach successfully generated two novel K. marxianus flocculent phenotypes: one inducible and one constitutive. The constitutive phenotype originated from deletions in the FLO5 promoter region, indicating the existence of putative upstream repressor site involved in oxygen regulation of the EPG1 promoter. The novel strains here generated had a unique set of characteristics that provided an advantage, over the wild-type strain, for the industrial co-production of ethanol and polygalacturonase.
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Panteloglou AG, Smart KA, Cook DJ. Malt-induced premature yeast flocculation: current perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:813-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Premature yeast flocculation (PYF) is a sporadic problem for the malting and brewing industries which can have significant financial and logistical implications. The condition is characterised by abnormally heavy (and sometimes early) flocculation of yeast during brewery fermentations. The resulting low suspended yeast cell counts towards the end of the fermentation can result in flavour defects and incomplete attenuation (fermentation of sugars to alcohol). Despite several decades of research into the phenomenon, its precise nature and mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In part this is because the term PYF has become a ‘catch-all’ syndrome which can have multiple origins. Furthermore, there are complex interactions in the malting and brewing processes which together mean that the PYF status of a malt sample is hard to predict at a generic level. Whether or not PYF is observed depends not only on barley quality, but on process factors in the maltings and to a substantial extent on the brewing yeast strain concerned. This article highlights the significance of PYF, and reviews current knowledge relating to the origins of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos G Panteloglou
- grid.4563.4 0000000419368868 Brewing Science Section, Division of Food Sciences The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD Leicestershire UK
| | - Katherine A Smart
- grid.4563.4 0000000419368868 Brewing Science Section, Division of Food Sciences The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD Leicestershire UK
| | - David J Cook
- grid.4563.4 0000000419368868 Brewing Science Section, Division of Food Sciences The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD Leicestershire UK
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31
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Gomes DG, Guimarães PMR, Pereira FB, Teixeira JA, Domingues L. Plasmid-mediate transfer of FLO1 into industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2 strain creates a strain useful for repeat-batch fermentations involving flocculation-sedimentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 108:162-168. [PMID: 22285899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The flocculation gene FLO1 was transferred into the robust industrial strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2 by the lithium acetate method. The recombinant strain showed a fermentation performance similar to that of the parental strain. In 10 repeat-batch cultivations in VHG medium with 345 g glucose/L and cell recycling by flocculation-sedimentation, an average final ethanol concentration of 142 g/L and an ethanol productivity of 2.86 g/L/h were achieved. Due to the flocculent nature of the recombinant strain it is possible to reduce the ethanol production cost because of lower centrifugation and distillation costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Gomes
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Many Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall Protein Encoding Genes Are Coregulated by Mss11, but Cellular Adhesion Phenotypes Appear Only Flo Protein Dependent. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2012; 2:131-41. [PMID: 22384390 PMCID: PMC3276193 DOI: 10.1534/g3.111.001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The outer cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as the interface with the surrounding environment and directly affects cell-cell and cell-surface interactions. Many of these interactions are facilitated by specific adhesins that belong to the Flo protein family. Flo mannoproteins have been implicated in phenotypes such as flocculation, substrate adhesion, biofilm formation, and pseudohyphal growth. Genetic data strongly suggest that individual Flo proteins are responsible for many specific cellular adhesion phenotypes. However, it remains unclear whether such phenotypes are determined solely by the nature of the expressed FLO genes or rather as the result of a combination of FLO gene expression and other cell wall properties and cell wall proteins. Mss11 has been shown to be a central element of FLO1 and FLO11 gene regulation and acts together with the cAMP-PKA-dependent transcription factor Flo8. Here we use genome-wide transcription analysis to identify genes that are directly or indirectly regulated by Mss11. Interestingly, many of these genes encode cell wall mannoproteins, in particular, members of the TIR and DAN families. To examine whether these genes play a role in the adhesion properties associated with Mss11 expression, we assessed deletion mutants of these genes in wild-type and flo11Δ genetic backgrounds. This analysis shows that only FLO genes, in particular FLO1/10/11, appear to significantly impact on such phenotypes. Thus adhesion-related phenotypes are primarily dependent on the balance of FLO gene expression.
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Ethanol-induced yeast flocculation directed by the promoter of TPS1 encoding trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 for efficient ethanol production. Metab Eng 2011; 14:1-8. [PMID: 22178744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Yeast flocculation is an important trait in the brewing industry as well as in ethanol production, through which biomass can be recovered by cost-effective sedimentation. However, mass transfer limitation may affect yeast growth and ethanol fermentation if the flocculation occurs earlier before fermentation is completed. In this article, a novel type of cell-cell flocculation induced by trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (TPS1) promoter was presented. The linear cassette HO-P(TPS1)-FLO1(SPSC01)-KanMX4-HO was constructed to transform the non-flocculating industrial yeast S. cerevisiae 4126 by chromosome integration to obtain a new flocculating yeast strain, ZLH01, whose flocculation was induced by ethanol produced during fermentation. The experimental results illustrated that flocculation of ZLH01 was triggered by 3% (v/v) ethanol and enhanced as ethanol concentration increased till complete flocculation was achieved at ethanol concentration of 8% (v/v). Real time PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of FLO1(SPSC01) was dependent on ethanol concentration. The growth and ethanol fermentation of ZLH01 were improved significantly, compared with the constitutive flocculating yeast BHL01 engineered with the same FLO gene but directed by the constitutive 3-phosphoglycerate kinase promoter PGK1, particularly under high temperature conditions. These characteristics make the engineered yeast more suitable for ethanol production from industrial substrates under high gravity and temperature conditions. In addition, this strategy offers advantage in inducing differential expression of other genes for metabolic engineering applications of S. cerevisiae.
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Holle AV, Machado MD, Soares EV. Flocculation in ale brewing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: re-evaluation of the role of cell surface charge and hydrophobicity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1221-9. [PMID: 21814806 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Flocculation is an eco-friendly process of cell separation, which has been traditionally exploited by the brewing industry. Cell surface charge (CSC), cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and the presence of active flocculins, during the growth of two (NCYC 1195 and NCYC 1214) ale brewing flocculent strains, belonging to the NewFlo phenotype, were examined. Ale strains, in exponential phase of growth, were not flocculent and did not present active flocculent lectins on the cell surface; in contrast, the same strains, in stationary phase of growth, were highly flocculent (>98%) and presented a hydrophobicity of approximately three to seven times higher than in exponential phase. No relationship between growth phase, flocculation and CSC was observed. For comparative purposes, a constitutively flocculent strain (S646-1B) and its isogenic non-flocculent strain (S646-8D) were also used. The treatment of ale brewing and S646-1B strains with pronase E originated a loss of flocculation and a strong reduction of CSH; S646-1B pronase E-treated cells displayed a similar CSH as the non-treated S646-8D cells. The treatment of the S646-8D strain with protease did not reduce CSH. In conclusion, the increase of CSH observed at the onset of flocculation of ale strains is a consequence of the presence of flocculins on the yeast cell surface and not the cause of yeast flocculation. CSH and CSC play a minor role in the auto-aggregation of the ale strains since the degree of flocculation is defined, primarily, by the presence of active flocculins on the yeast cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Van Holle
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Superior Institute of Engineering, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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35
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Brückner S, Mösch HU. Choosing the right lifestyle: adhesion and development in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 36:25-58. [PMID: 21521246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a eukaryotic microorganism that is able to choose between different unicellular and multicellular lifestyles. The potential of individual yeast cells to switch between different growth modes is advantageous for optimal dissemination, protection and substrate colonization at the population level. A crucial step in lifestyle adaptation is the control of self- and foreign adhesion. For this purpose, S. cerevisiae contains a set of cell wall-associated proteins, which confer adhesion to diverse biotic and abiotic surfaces. Here, we provide an overview of different aspects of S. cerevisiae adhesion, including a detailed description of known lifestyles, recent insights into adhesin structure and function and an outline of the complex regulatory network for adhesin gene regulation. Our review shows that S. cerevisiae is a model system suitable for studying not only the mechanisms and regulation of cell adhesion, but also the role of this process in microbial development, ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brückner
- Department of Genetics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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36
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Govender P, Kroppenstedt S, Bauer FF. Novel wine-mediated FLO11 flocculation phenotype of commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast strains with modified FLO gene expression. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 317:117-26. [PMID: 21251052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the genetic background of Saccharomyces strains, a wide range of phenotypic adhesion identities can be directly attributed to the FLO11-encoded glycoprotein, which includes asexual flocculation, invasive growth and pseudohyphal formation, flor formation and adhesion to biotic and abiotic surfaces. In a previous study, we reported that HSP30-mediated stationary-phase expression of the native chromosomal FLO11 ORF in two nonflocculent commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast strains, BM45 or VIN13 did not generate a flocculent phenotype under either standard laboratory media or synthetic MS300 must fermentation conditions. In the present study, the BM45- and VIN13-derived HSP30p-FLO11 wine yeast transformants were observed to be exclusively and strongly flocculent under authentic red wine-making conditions, thus suggesting that this specific fermentation environment specifically contributes to the development of a flocculent phenotype, which is insensitive to either glucose or mannose. Furthermore, irrespective of the strain involved this phenotype displayed both Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent flocculation characteristics. A distinct advantage of this unique FLO11-based phenotype was highlighted in its ability to dramatically promote faster lees settling rates. Moreover, wines produced by BM45-F11H and VIN13-F11H transformants were significantly less turbid than those produced by their wild-type parental strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Govender
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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37
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Cell signals, cell contacts, and the organization of yeast communities. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2011; 10:466-73. [PMID: 21296916 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00313-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Even relatively simple species have evolved mechanisms to organize individual organisms into communities, such that the fitness of the group is greater than the fitness of isolated individuals. Within the fungal kingdom, the ability of many yeast species to organize into communities is crucial for their growth and survival, and this property has important impacts both on the economy and on human health. Over the last few years, studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have revealed several fundamental properties of yeast communities. First, strain-to-strain variation in the structures of these groups is attributable in part to variability in the expression and functions of adhesin proteins. Second, the extracellular matrix surrounding these communities can protect them from environmental stress and may also be important in cell signaling. Finally, diffusible signals between cells contribute to community organization so that different regions of a community express different genes and adopt different cell fates. These findings provide an arena in which to view fundamental mechanisms by which contacts and signals between individual organisms allow them to assemble into functional communities.
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Chambers PJ, Pretorius IS. Fermenting knowledge: the history of winemaking, science and yeast research. EMBO Rep 2010; 11:914-20. [PMID: 21072064 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2010.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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40
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Van Mulders SE, Ghequire M, Daenen L, Verbelen PJ, Verstrepen KJ, Delvaux FR. Flocculation gene variability in industrial brewer’s yeast strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:1321-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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42
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Bauer FF, Govender P, Bester MC. Yeast flocculation and its biotechnological relevance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:31-9. [PMID: 20676629 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion properties of microorganisms are crucial for many essential biological processes such as sexual reproduction, tissue or substrate invasion, biofilm formation and others. Most, if not all microbial adhesion phenotypes are controlled by factors such as nutrient availability or the presence of pheromones. One particular form of controlled cellular adhesion that occurs in liquid environments is a process of asexual aggregation of cells which is also referred to as flocculation. This process has been the subject of significant scientific and biotechnological interest because of its relevance for many industrial fermentation processes. Specifically adjusted flocculation properties of industrial microorganisms could indeed lead to significant improvements in the processing of biotechnological fermentation products such as foods, biofuels and industrially produced peptides. This review briefly summarises our current scientific knowledge on the regulation of flocculation-related phenotypes, their importance for different biotechnological industries, and possible future applications for microorganisms with improved flocculation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian F Bauer
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Faculty of AgriSciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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Goossens K, Willaert R. Flocculation protein structure and cell–cell adhesion mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1571-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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