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Michelin M, Gomes DG, Romaní A, Polizeli MDLTM, Teixeira JA. Nanocellulose Production: Exploring the Enzymatic Route and Residues of Pulp and Paper Industry. Molecules 2020; 25:E3411. [PMID: 32731405 PMCID: PMC7436152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing environmental and sustainability concerns, caused by current population growth, has promoted a raising utilization of renewable bio-resources for the production of materials and energy. Recently, nanocellulose (NC) has been receiving great attention due to its many attractive features such as non-toxic nature, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, associated with its mechanical properties and those related to its nanoscale, emerging as a promising material in many sectors, namely packaging, regenerative medicine, and electronics, among others. Nanofibers and nanocrystals, derived from cellulose sources, have been mainly produced by mechanical and chemical treatments; however, the use of cellulases to obtain NC attracted much attention due to their environmentally friendly character. This review presents an overview of general concepts in NC production. Especial emphasis is given to enzymatic hydrolysis processes using cellulases and the utilization of pulp and paper industry residues. Integrated process for the production of NC and other high-value products through enzymatic hydrolysis is also approached. Major challenges found in this context are discussed along with its properties, potential application, and future perspectives of the use of enzymatic hydrolysis as a pretreatment in the scale-up of NC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Michelin
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.R.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Daniel G. Gomes
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.R.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Aloia Romaní
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.R.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes T. M. Polizeli
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-901, Brazil;
| | - José A. Teixeira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.R.); (J.A.T.)
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Gomes DG, Serna-Loaiza S, Cardona CA, Gama M, Domingues L. Insights into the economic viability of cellulases recycling on bioethanol production from recycled paper sludge. Bioresour Technol 2018; 267:347-355. [PMID: 30029181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The economics of Recycled Paper Sludge conversion into ethanol was here assessed with emphasis on integrating a cellulase recycling system. Without cellulases recycling this process presented positive economic outputs (payback period of 7.85 years; 10.90 Million US$ of accumulated NPV) despite the modest ethanol titers. Recycling both free and solid-bound enzymes allowed considerable savings of enzyme but also an increase on annual costs (0.88%), resulting on a superior economic output: payback period decreased to 7.25 years; accumulated NPV increased to 14.44 Million US$. Recycling exclusively the liquid fraction enabled a clear costs reduction, however, also total ethanol decreased, attenuating the abovementioned benefits. Targeting higher ethanol concentrations, superior solids consistencies were also evaluated. Despite a costs reduction, total ethanol decreased due to a higher ethanol retention on the solid. A sensitivity analysis further revealed that the cost of enzymes and ultrafiltration membrane may be critical on enzyme recycling economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Gomes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sebastián Serna-Loaiza
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Manizales-Caldas, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Cardona
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Manizales-Caldas, Colombia
| | - Miguel Gama
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Gomes DG, Guimarães PMR, Pereira FB, Teixeira JA, Domingues L. Plasmid-mediate transfer of FLO1 into industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2 strain creates a strain useful for repeat-batch fermentations involving flocculation-sedimentation. Bioresour Technol 2012; 108:162-168. [PMID: 22285899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The flocculation gene FLO1 was transferred into the robust industrial strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2 by the lithium acetate method. The recombinant strain showed a fermentation performance similar to that of the parental strain. In 10 repeat-batch cultivations in VHG medium with 345 g glucose/L and cell recycling by flocculation-sedimentation, an average final ethanol concentration of 142 g/L and an ethanol productivity of 2.86 g/L/h were achieved. Due to the flocculent nature of the recombinant strain it is possible to reduce the ethanol production cost because of lower centrifugation and distillation costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Gomes
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Pereira FB, Guimarães PMR, Gomes DG, Mira NP, Teixeira MC, Sá-Correia I, Domingues L. Identification of candidate genes for yeast engineering to improve bioethanol production in very high gravity and lignocellulosic biomass industrial fermentations. Biotechnol Biofuels 2011; 4:57. [PMID: 22152034 PMCID: PMC3287136 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-4-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimization of industrial bioethanol production will depend on the rational design and manipulation of industrial strains to improve their robustness against the many stress factors affecting their performance during very high gravity (VHG) or lignocellulosic fermentations. In this study, a set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes found, through genome-wide screenings, to confer resistance to the simultaneous presence of different relevant stresses were identified as required for maximal fermentation performance under industrial conditions. RESULTS Chemogenomics data were used to identify eight genes whose expression confers simultaneous resistance to high concentrations of glucose, acetic acid and ethanol, chemical stresses relevant for VHG fermentations; and eleven genes conferring simultaneous resistance to stresses relevant during lignocellulosic fermentations. These eleven genes were identified based on two different sets: one with five genes granting simultaneous resistance to ethanol, acetic acid and furfural, and the other with six genes providing simultaneous resistance to ethanol, acetic acid and vanillin. The expression of Bud31 and Hpr1 was found to lead to the increase of both ethanol yield and fermentation rate, while Pho85, Vrp1 and Ygl024w expression is required for maximal ethanol production in VHG fermentations. Five genes, Erg2, Prs3, Rav1, Rpb4 and Vma8, were found to contribute to the maintenance of cell viability in wheat straw hydrolysate and/or the maximal fermentation rate of this substrate. CONCLUSIONS The identified genes stand as preferential targets for genetic engineering manipulation in order to generate more robust industrial strains, able to cope with the most significant fermentation stresses and, thus, to increase ethanol production rate and final ethanol titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco B Pereira
- IBB, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro MR Guimarães
- IBB, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniel G Gomes
- IBB, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno P Mira
- IBB, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel C Teixeira
- IBB, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- IBB, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- IBB, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Pereira FB, Gomes DG, Guimarães PMR, Teixeira JA, Domingues L. Cell recycling during repeated very high gravity bio-ethanol fermentations using the industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain PE-2. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:45-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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