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Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Glutamine on the Immunity and Intestinal Barrier Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens Infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172168. [PMID: 36077889 PMCID: PMC9454664 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of glutamine (Gln) on immunity and intestinal barrier gene expression levels in broilers challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis were evaluated. A total of 400 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to four groups, 10 repetition treatments per group with 10 broiler chickens for a 21-day feeding trial. The groups were the normal control group (CON, no infected group, fed with a basal diet); the S. Enteritidis-infected control group (SCC, infected with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. Enteritidis, fed a basal diet); and the Gln 1 and 2 groups, who were challenged with S. Enteritidis and fed a basal diet plus Gln at 0.5% and 1.0%, respectively. The results show that S. Enteritidis had adverse effects on the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and the feed conversion ratio of infected broilers compared with those of CON broilers on d 7 (p < 0.05); decreased serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations, and intestinal mucosa Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels (p < 0.05); increased the Lysozyme (LZM, only serum), NO, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) (except at 4 d), and total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) (except at 4 d) activities in serum and the intestinal mucosa; and increased intestinal mucosa polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) (except at 21 d), Avian beta-defensin 5 (AvBD5), AvBD14, Bax, and Bak mRNA expression levels during the experimental period (p < 0.05). Supplementation with Gln improved growth performance; increased serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations and intestinal mucosa Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels (p < 0.05); decreased the LZM (only serum), NO, iNOS (except at 4 d), and TNOS (except at 4 d) activities in serum and the intestinal mucosa; and decreased intestinal mucosa pIgR (except at 21 d), AvBD5, AvBD14, Bax, and Bak mRNA expression levels during the experimental period (p < 0.05). These results suggest that Gln might lessen the inflammatory reaction of the small intestine and enlarge the small bowel mucosa immune and barrier function in broiler chickens challenged with S. Enteritidis.
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Zhang QY, Yan ZB, Meng YM, Hong XY, Shao G, Ma JJ, Cheng XR, Liu J, Kang J, Fu CY. Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:48. [PMID: 34496967 PMCID: PMC8425997 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of bacterial infections is becoming a major clinical challenge due to the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria. As an excellent candidate to overcome antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are produced from the synthetic and natural sources demonstrate a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with the high specificity and low toxicity. These peptides possess distinctive structures and functions by employing sophisticated mechanisms of action. This comprehensive review provides a broad overview of AMPs from the origin, structural characteristics, mechanisms of action, biological activities to clinical applications. We finally discuss the strategies to optimize and develop AMP-based treatment as the potential antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue-Ming Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Shao
- Department of Oncology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Jie Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Rui Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd. South, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jian Kang
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Cai-Yun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Ishige T, Hara H, Hirano T, Kono T, Hanzawa K. Analysis of the Diversity of the AvBD Gene Region in Japanese Quail. J Hered 2021; 111:436-443. [PMID: 32852036 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian β-defensin (AvBD) gene region is an important component of the innate immune system, encoding a variety of antimicrobial peptides. The AvBD region forms a multigene cluster in a specific chromosomal region. Comparison of the AvBD region among various birds suggests the presence of defects, duplications, and pseudogenization at many loci. The AvBD region in certain galliform birds, namely chicken, turkey, and bobwhite quail, includes AvBD3, -6, and -7, with the latter exhibiting copy number variants (CNVs) in chickens. DNA for genomic analysis was extracted from the peripheral blood of 99 randomly selected quail (Coturnix japonica) from 6 inbred lines. Nine CjAvBD1 and 8 CjAvBD12 alleles were detected. Ten haplotypes, including three that were strain specific, were found in alleles from the quail AvBD1 (CjAvBD1) and -12 (CjAvBD12) loci. Next-generation sequencing was used to determine the nucleotide sequences of the CjAvBD gene region (56-70 kb) for 7 homozygous diplotypes of these 10 haplotypes. These 7 haplotypes contained between 12 and 16 CjAvBD genes and were composed of 11 common loci: CjAvBD1, -2, -4, -5, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, -13, and -14, but lacked CjAvBD3 and -7. Furthermore, up to 5 CjAvBD101 (AvBD6 ortholog) CNVs were observed among the 7 haplotypes. In addition, we detected amino acid substitutions causing net charge mutations that could affect antimicrobial activity in CjAvBD4, -13, -14, and -101. These results suggest that the CjAvBD region is unique among the Galliformes and that its diversity results in potential functional variation in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Ishige
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hara
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kono
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Hanzawa
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
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Li Z, Ahmed I, Xu Z, Sun S, Li T, Gu D, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yan S, Hu W, Jiang Z, Duan X, Li Q, Liu L, Rong H, Wang K, Abdulwahid AM, Dou T, Wang S, Su Z, Ge C, te Pas MFW, Jia J, Huang Y. Profiles of expression pattern and tissue distribution of host defense peptides genes in different chicken (Gallus gallus) breeds related to body weight. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238675. [PMID: 33370283 PMCID: PMC7769465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are an important first line of defense with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Selection for increased body weight is hypothesized to be related to reduced immune response. We studied the relationships among body weight, age, and the HDP expression patterns in intestine and immune organs. We used chickens with marked differences of body sizes. The non-selected Daweishan mini chickens showed the highest indexes of immune organs and the lowest concentrations of the plasma immune parameters C3, C4, IgA, and IgY, while the commercial Avian broiler showed the opposite results. The Daweishan mini chickens showed the highest mRNA expressions of HDP genes in small intestine followed by the semi-selected Wuding chickens. Compared with local breeds, broiler chickens showed higher mRNA expression of HDP genes in spleen, thymus, and bursa. Body weight and HDP expression levels were negatively correlated in the intestine and positively in the immune organs. Our results indicated that the HDP immune regulatory roles in small intestine acted as first line of defense in innate immunity in local breeds, and as an adaptive immunity in broiler chickens. Selection was associated with different expression expressions of HDP genes in breed-, age-, and organ-specific manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtian Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dahai Gu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Yan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Hu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihua Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Rong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alsoufi Mohammed Abdulwahid
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Dou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanrong Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengchang Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Changrong Ge
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Marinus F. W. te Pas
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Visiting Professor Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MFWP); , (JJ); (YH)
| | - Junjing Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MFWP); , (JJ); (YH)
| | - Ying Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MFWP); , (JJ); (YH)
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Mowbray CA, Niranji SS, Cadwell K, Bailey R, Watson KA, Hall J. Gene expression of AvBD6-10 in broiler chickens is independent of AvBD6, 9, and 10 peptide potency. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:31-40. [PMID: 30078596 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Avian β-defensin (AvBD) gene cluster contains fourteen genes; within this, two groups (AvBD6/7 and AvBD8 -10) encode charged peptides of >+5 (AvBD6/7), indicative of potent microbial killing activities, and ≤+4 (AvBD8-10), suggestive of reduced antimicrobial activities. Chicken broiler gut tissues are constantly exposed to microbes in the form of commensal bacteria. This study examined whether tissue expression patterns of AvBD6-10 reflected microbial exposure and the encoded peptides a functional antimicrobial hierarchy. Gut AvBD6-10 gene expression was observed in hatch to day 21 birds, although the AvBD8-10 profiles were eclipsed by those detected in the liver and kidney tissues. In vitro challenges of chicken CHCC-OU2 cells using the gut commensal Lactobacillus johnsonii (104 CFU) did not significantly affect AvBD8-10 gene expression patterns, although upregulation (P < 0.05) of IL-Iβ gene expression was observed. Similarly, in response to Bacteriodes doreii, IL-Iβ and IL-6 gene upregulation were detected (P < 0.05), but AvBD10 gene expression remained unaffected. These data suggested that AvBD8-10 gene expression was not induced by commensal gut bacteria. Bacterial time-kill assays employing recombinant (r)AvBD6, 9 and 10 peptides (0.5μM - 12μM), indicated an antimicrobial hierarchy, linked to charge, of AvBD6 > AvBD9 > AvBD10 against Escherichia coli, but AvBD10 > AvBD9 > AvBD6 using Enterococcus faecalis. rAvBD10, selected due to its reduced cationic charge was, using CHCC-OU2 cells, investigated for cell proliferation and wound healing properties, but none were observed. These data suggest that in healthy broiler chicken tissues AvBD6/7 and AvBD8-10 gene expression profiles are independent of the in vitro antimicrobial hierarchies of the encoded AvBD6, 9 and 10 peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Mowbray
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sherko S Niranji
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kevin Cadwell
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | | | - Judith Hall
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Wang ZZ, Bing XL, Liu SS, Chen XX. RNA interference of an antimicrobial peptide, Btdef, reduces Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus accumulation in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1421-1427. [PMID: 27804213 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is considered one of the main pests for agriculture. One important problem with the whitefly is its notorious status as a vector for plant viruses, primarily begomoviruses. We have previously identified a defensin-like antimicrobial peptide, Btdef, from the whitefly B. tabaci MEAM1. However, the function of Btdef in the immune system of the insect vector and begomovirus transmission has yet to be explored. RESULTS To explore the role of Btdef during begomovirus transmission, we firstly investigated the transcriptional response of Btdef following acquisition of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV). The expression of Btdef was up-regulated in the viruliferous whiteflies. After RNA silencing of the Btdef gene in adult whiteflies fed with dsRNA, they were allowed to feed on TYLCCNV-infected plants and then quantified for TYLCCNV DNA titre. Unexpectedly, silencing the Btdef gene reduced both the abundance and expressions of TYLCCNV genes in the whiteflies. In the meantime, the density of the endosymbiont Rickettsia was significantly reduced in dsBtdef-fed whiteflies. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that Btdef is involved in begomovirus infection, possibly through symbiont-mediated alteration of begomovirus-whitefly interactions. These findings indicate that Btdef may be targeted for the development of new technology for the control of whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Bing
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li R, Li N, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu J, Cai Y, Chai T, Wei L. Expression of Immune-Related Genes of Ducks Infected with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Front Microbiol 2016; 7:637. [PMID: 27199963 PMCID: PMC4853417 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause severe disease in ducks, characterized by perihepatitis, pericarditis, and airsacculitis. Although the studies of bacteria isolation and methods of detection have been reported, host immune responses to APEC infection remain unclear. In response, we systemically examined the expression of immune-related genes and bacteria distribution in APEC-infected ducks. Results demonstrated that APEC can quickly replicate in the liver, spleen, and brain, with the highest bacteria content at 2 days post infection. The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), avian β-defensins (AvBDs) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were tested in the liver, spleen, and brain of infected ducks. TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR15 showed different expression patterns, which indicated that they all responded to APEC infection. The expression of AvBD2 was upregulated in all tested tissues during the 3 days of testing, whereas the expression of AvBD4, AvBD5, AvBD7, and AvBD9 were downregulated, and though MHC-I was upregulated on all test days, MHC-II was dramatically downregulated. Overall, our results suggest that APEC can replicate in various tissues in a short time, and the activation of host immune responses begins at onset of infection. These findings thus clarify duck immune responses to APEC infection and offer insights into its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China
| | - Yumei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
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8
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Antimicrobial potentials and structural disorder of human and animal defensins. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 28:95-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yacoub HA, El-Hamidy SM, Mahmoud MM, Baeshen MN, Almehdar HA, Uversky VN, Redwan EM, Al-Maghrabi OA, Elazzazy AM. Biocidal activity of chicken defensin-9 against microbial pathogens. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 94:176-87. [PMID: 26914652 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we identified the expression patterns of β-defensin-9 in chickens from Saudi Arabia, evaluated the antimicrobial activities of synthetic chicken β-defensin-9 (sAvBD-9) against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and investigated the mode of action of sAvBD-9 on bacterial cells. The AvBD-9 gene of Saudi chickens encodes a polypeptide of 67 amino acids, which is highly similar to the polypeptide in duck, quail, and goose (97%, 86%, and 87%, respectively) and shares a low sequence similarity with the mammalian defensins. AvBD-9 is expressed in various organs and tissues of Saudi chickens and inhibits the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as showing activity against unicellular and multicellular fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, and Candida albicans). sAvBD-9 completely inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as Candida albicans. The haemolytic effects of sAvBD-9 were limited. Morphological analysis by TEM revealed that sAvBD-9 induces shortening and swelling of Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella sonni cells, opens holes and deep craters in their envelopes, and leads to the release of their cytoplasmic content. Our data shed light on the potential applications of sAvBD-9 in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Yacoub
- a Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,c National Research Centre, Dokki, Gizza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Salem M El-Hamidy
- b Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged M Mahmoud
- d King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,i Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, Devision of Human Genetocs and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Gizza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nabih Baeshen
- a Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein A Almehdar
- b Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- b Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,e Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.,g Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- b Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,f Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omar A Al-Maghrabi
- a Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Elazzazy
- a Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,h Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, National Research Centre, Dokki, Gizza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
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10
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Ishige T, Hara H, Hirano T, Mannen H, Kono T, Hanzawa K. Basic characterization of avian β-defensin genes in the Japanese quail,Coturnix japonica. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:311-20. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Ishige
- NODAI Genome Research Center; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromi Hara
- Department of Animal Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Atsugi Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Department of Animal Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Atsugi Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mannen
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kono
- NODAI Genome Research Center; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Bioscience; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei Hanzawa
- Department of Animal Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Atsugi Japan
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11
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Host Avian Beta-Defensin and Toll-Like Receptor Responses of Pigeons following Infection with Pigeon Paramyxovirus Type 1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6415-24. [PMID: 26162868 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01413-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality in pigeons caused by pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) highlights the need for new insights into the host immune response and novel treatment approaches. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are key components of the innate immune system. In this study, three novel avian β-defensins (AvBDs 2, 7, and 10) were characterized in pigeons and shown to possess direct antiviral activity against PPMV-1 in vitro. In addition, we evaluated the mRNA expression of these AvBDs and other immune-related genes in tissues of 2-month-old infected pigeons at 3 and 7 days postinfection. We observed that the expression of AvBD2 in the cecal tonsil, lungs, and proventriculus, as well as the expression of AvBD10 in the spleen, lungs, proventriculus, and kidneys, was upregulated in infected pigeons. Similarly, the expression of both Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR7 was increased in the spleen, trachea, and proventriculus, while TLR15 expression was increased only in the lungs of infected pigeons. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was upregulated in the spleen, the bursa of Fabricius, the trachea, and the proventriculus of infected pigeons. Furthermore, we observed a high correlation between the expression of AvBD2 and the expression of either TLR7 or TLR15, as well as between AvBD10 expression and either TLR3 or TLR7 expression in respective tissues. The results suggest that PPMV-1 infection can induce innate host responses characterized by the activation of TLRs, particularly TLR3 and TLR7, AvBDs (2 and 10), and iNOS in pigeons.
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12
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Xu Y, Zhang T, Xu Q, Han Z, Liang S, Shao Y, Ma D, Liu S. Differential modulation of avian β-defensin and Toll-like receptor expression in chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9011-24. [PMID: 26142390 PMCID: PMC7080159 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The host innate immune response either clears invading viruses or allows the adaptive immune system to establish an effective antiviral response. In this study, both pathogenic (passage 3, P3) and attenuated (P110) infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains were used to study the immune responses of chicken to IBV infection. Expression of avian β-defensins (AvBDs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in 16 tissues of chicken were compared at 7 days PI. The results showed that P3 infection upregulated the expression of AvBDs, including AvBD2, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12, while P110 infection downregulated the expression of AvBDs, including AvBD3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 in most tissues. Meanwhile, the expression level of several TLRs showed a general trend of upregulation in the tissues of P3-infected chickens, while they were downregulated in the tissues of P110-infected chickens. The result suggested that compared with the P110 strain, the P3 strain induced a more pronounced host innate immune response. Furthermore, we observed that recombinant AvBDs (including 2, 6, and 12) demonstrated obvious anti-viral activity against IBV in vitro. Our findings contribute to the proposal that IBV infection induces an increase in the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of some AvBDs and TLRs, which suggests that AvBDs may play significant roles in the resistance of chickens to IBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuling Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Deying Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Yacoub HA, Elazzazy AM, Abuzinadah OAH, Al-Hejin AM, Mahmoud MM, Harakeh SM. Antimicrobial activities of chicken β-defensin (4 and 10) peptides against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:36. [PMID: 25941665 PMCID: PMC4400880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Host Defense Peptides (HDPs) are small cationic peptides found in several organisms. They play a vital role in innate immunity response and immunomodulatory stimulation. This investigation was designed to study the antimicrobial activities of β-defensin peptide-4 (sAvBD-4) and 10 (sAvBD-4) derived from chickens against pathogenic organisms including bacteria and fungi. Ten bacterial strains and three fungal species were used in investigation. The results showed that the sAvBD-10 displayed a higher bactericidal potency against all the tested bacterial strains than that of sAvBD-4. The exhibited bactericidal activity was significant against almost the different bacterial strains at different peptide concentrations except for that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Streptococcus bovis (Str. bovis) strains where a moderate effect was noted. Both peptides were effective in the inactivation of fungal species tested yielding a killing rate of up to 95%. The results revealed that the synthetic peptides were resistant to salt at a concentration of 50 mM NaCl. However, they lost antimicrobial potency when applied in the presence of high salt concentrations. Based on blood hemolysis studies, a little hemolytic effect was showed in the case of both peptides even when applied at high concentrations. The data obtained from this study indicated that synthetic avian peptides exhibit strong antibacterial and antifungal activity. In conclusion, future work and research should be tailored to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of those peptides and their potential use in the pharmaceutical industry to help reduce the incidence and impact of infectious agent and be marketed as a naturally occurring antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Yacoub
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre Gizza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elazzazy
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre Gizza, Egypt
| | - Osama A H Abuzinadah
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Al-Hejin
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged M Mahmoud
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Centre Gizza, Egypt
| | - Steve M Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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The first report of a Pelecaniformes defensin cluster: characterization of β-defensin genes in the crested ibis based on BAC libraries. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6923. [PMID: 25372018 PMCID: PMC5381368 DOI: 10.1038/srep06923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Defensins play a key role in the innate immunity of various organisms. Detailed genomic studies of the defensin cluster have only been reported in a limited number of birds. Herein, we present the first characterization of defensins in a Pelecaniformes species, the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), which is one of the most endangered birds in the world. We constructed bacterial artificial chromosome libraries, including a 4D-PCR library and a reverse-4D library, which provide at least 40 equivalents of this rare bird's genome. A cluster including 14 β-defensin loci within 129 kb was assigned to chromosome 3 by FISH, and one gene duplication of AvBD1 was found. The ibis defensin genes are characterized by multiform gene organization ranging from two to four exons through extensive exon fusion. Splicing signal variations and alternative splice variants were also found. Comparative analysis of four bird species identified one common and multiple species-specific duplications, which might be associated with high GC content. Evolutionary analysis revealed birth-and-death mode and purifying selection for avian defensin evolution, resulting in different defensin gene numbers among bird species and functional conservation within orthologous genes, respectively. Additionally, we propose various directions for further research on genetic conservation in the crested ibis.
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15
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Molecular cloning, characterization and tissue distribution of two ostrich β-defensins: AvBD2 and AvBD7. Gene 2014; 552:1-7. [PMID: 25127671 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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A dual mechanism involved in membrane and nucleic acid disruption of AvBD103b, a new avian defensin from the king penguin, against Salmonella enteritidis CVCC3377. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8313-25. [PMID: 24981062 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The food-borne bacterial gastrointestinal infection is a serious public health threat. Defensins are evolutionarily conserved innate immune components with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity that do not easily induce resistance. AvBD103b, an avian defensin with potent activity against Salmonella enteritidis, was isolated from the stomach contents of the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). To elucidate further the antibacterial mechanism of AvBD103b, its effect on the S. enteritidis CVCC3377 cell membrane and intracellular DNA was researched. The cell surface hydrophobicity and a N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine uptake assay demonstrated that AvBD103b treatment increased the cell surface hydrophobicity and outer membrane permeability. Atomic absorption spectrometry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that AvBD103b treatment can lead to the release of the cellular contents and cell death through damage of the membrane. DNA gel retardation and circular dichroism analysis demonstrated that AvBD103b interacted with DNA and intercalated into the DNA base pairs. A cell cycle assay demonstrated that AvBD103b affected cellular functions, such as DNA synthesis. Our results confirmed that AvBD103b exerts its antibacterial activity by damaging the cell membrane and interfering with intracellular DNA, ultimately causing cell death, and suggested that AvBD103b may be a promising candidate as an alternative to antibiotics against S. enteritidis.
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Ma D, Zhang M, Zhang K, Liu X, Han Z, Shao Y, Liu S. Identification of three novel avian beta-defensins from goose and their significance in the pathogenesis of Salmonella. Mol Immunol 2013; 56:521-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Ishige T, Hara H, Hirano T, Kono T, Hanzawa K. Basic characterization of avian NK-lysin (NKL) from the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica. Anim Sci J 2013; 85:90-5. [PMID: 24206178 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We identified an antimicrobial cationic peptide that was expressed in the natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes of Japanese quail. The gene, designated CjNKL, was located downstream of AEBP1L and POLD2 in a region syntenic with the chicken genome. CjNKL comprised four exons, as does chicken GgNKL. The coding sequence in CjNKL was 411 bp long and exon 3 of CjNKL lacked 9 bp when compared to chicken GgNKL, but CjNKL and GgNKL were 81% identical at the nucleic acid level. The saposin like type-B domain of CjNKL contained the six essential cysteines, one proline, 15 cationic amino acids residues, and an antibacterial region that are characteristic of NKL proteins. The 5' flanking region of CjNKL contained positive regulatory elements, an activator protein-1 binding site and two nuclear factor (NF)-κB binding sites, and a negative regulatory element, CAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) binding site. However, the number of NF-κB sites and C/EBPβ sites within CjNKL are fewer than the number within GgNKL. Additionally, we confirmed that CjNKL was transcribed in at least 18 tissues, including immune and digestive tissues. These data indicated that transcriptional activation of CjNKL differed slightly from those of GgNKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Ishige
- Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Cuperus T, Coorens M, van Dijk A, Haagsman HP. Avian host defense peptides. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:352-369. [PMID: 23644014 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are important effector molecules of the innate immune system of vertebrates. These antimicrobial peptides are also present in invertebrates, plants and fungi. HDPs display broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and fulfill an important role in the first line of defense of many organisms. It is becoming increasingly clear that in the animal kingdom the functions of HDPs are not confined to direct antimicrobial actions. Research in mammals has indicated that HDPs have many immunomodulatory functions and are also involved in other physiological processes ranging from development to wound healing. During the past five years our knowledge about avian HDPs has increased considerably. This review addresses our current knowledge on the evolution, regulation and biological functions of HDPs of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryntsje Cuperus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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20
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Peng KS, Ruan LS, Tu J, Qi KZ, Jiang LH. Tissue distribution, expression, and antimicrobial activity of Anas platyrhynchos avian β-defensin 6. Poult Sci 2013; 92:97-104. [PMID: 23243235 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel avian β-defensin (AvBD) was isolated from the Chaohu duck. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene contained a 204-bp open reading frame that encoded 67 amino acids (aa), including a signal peptide of 20 aa, a propiece of 5 aa, and a mature peptide of 42 aa. The homology, characterization, and comparison of this gene with AvBD from other avian species confirmed that it was duck AvBD6. Also, the preproprotein of AvBD6 from chicken, goose, and duck was highly conserved with 100% aa homology. The AvBD6 mRNA was widely expressed in the investigated tissues of healthy 5-mo-old ducks, with the exception of the skin, kidney, and bursa. The AvBD6 mRNA was highly expressed in the spleen, lung, stomach, tongue, and egg yolk, successively; moderately expressed in the bone marrow and liver; and expressed to lower degrees in the trachea, heart, intestine, muscle, esophagus, and testis. We produced recombinant AvBD6 by expressing the gene in Escherichia coli. The yield of soluble glutathione S-transferees (GST)-AvBD6 in the inclusion bodies increased significantly as the incubation temperature was decreased from 37 to 30°C. As expected, the GST-AvBD6 exhibited strong bactericidal properties [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.5 to 2 μM] against the Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria strain BJCP-5, E. coli, and Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC 29212); it possessed medium bactericidal properties (MIC = 4 to 8 μM) against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Bacillus subtilis (CMCC 63501;; and it possessed low bactericidal properties (MIC = 16 μM) against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of GST-AvBD6 proved to be the same as that of synthetic AvBD6. The A. veronii biovar sobria strain BJCP-5 cells that were treated with GST-AvBD6 showed lysis and shrinkage under scanning electron microscopy. The mechanisms of AvBD6-mediated killing of A. veronii biovar sobria involved both cell lysis and nonlysis. Our results indicate that AvBD6 plays an important role in the innate immunity of the Chaohu duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
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21
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Identification, expression and activity analyses of five novel duck beta-defensins. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47743. [PMID: 23112840 PMCID: PMC3480435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, five novel avian β-defensins (AvBDs) were identified and characterized in tissues from Peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). The nucleotide sequences of these cDNAs comprised 198 bp, 182 bp, 201 bp, 204 bp, and 168 bp, and encoded 65, 60, 66, 67, and 55 amino acids, respectively. Homology, characterization and comparison of these genes with AvBD from other avian species confirmed that they were Apl_AvBD1, 3, 5, 6, and 16. Recombinant AvBDs were produced and purified by expressing these genes in Escherichia coli. In addition, peptides were synthesized according to the respective AvBD sequences. Investigation of the antibacterial activity of the Apl_AvBDs showed that all of them exhibited antibacterial activity against all 12 bacteria investigated (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, the antibacterial activity of all of the AvBDs against M. tetragenus and P. multocida decreased significantly in the presence of 150 mM NaCl (P<0.01). None of the AvBDs showed hemolytic activity. Consistent with their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, the five novel Apl_AvBDs inhibited replication of duck hepatitis virus (DHV) in vitro significantly (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of all five Apl_AvBD in most tissues, including immune organs and the liver, was upregulated in response to DHV infection at different time points. These findings provide evidence that these defensins activate the immune response to combat microbial infection.
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Ma D, Lin L, Zhang K, Han Z, Shao Y, Wang R, Liu S. Discovery and characterization of Coturnix chinensis
avian β
-defensin 10, with broad antibacterial activity. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:224-32. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deying Ma
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 China
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 China
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 China
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Ruiqin Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 China
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin 150001 China
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Ma D, Zhou C, Zhang M, Han Z, Shao Y, Liu S. Functional analysis and induction of four novel goose (Anser cygnoides) avian β-defensins in response to salmonella enteritidis infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:197-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Three novel Anas platyrhynchos avian β-defensins, upregulated by duck hepatitis virus, with antibacterial and antiviral activities. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:84-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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