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Lisov A, Belova O, Lisova Z, Nagel A, Shadrin A, Andreeva-Kovalevskaya Z, Nagornykh M, Zakharova M, Leontievsky A. Two β-glucanases from bacterium Cellulomonas flavigena: expression in Pichia pastoris, properties, biotechnological potential. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1313-1321. [PMID: 37093814 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2201934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
In the genome of Cellulomonas flavigena, two genes that potentially encode endoglucanases - Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were identified. We cloned the genes and created Pichia pastoris-based recombinant producers of two proteins that were expressed from the AOX1 promoter. Each of the endoglucanase molecules contains a GH6 catalytic domain, CBM2 carbohydrate-binding module, and TAT signal peptide. The fermentation of the producers was carried out in a 10 L fermenter; Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were purified using affinity chromatography. The yield comprised 10.3 mg/ml (430 U/ml) for Cfla_2913 and 9 mg/ml (370 U/ml) for Cfla_2912. Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were found to have a high activity against barley β-glucan and lichenan, a weak activity against carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), phosphoric-acid treated cellulose, and no activity against laminarin, xylan, soluble starch, microcrystalline cellulose, cellobiose, and cellotriose. Thus, the proteins exhibited β-glucanase activity. Both proteins had a neutral pH optimum of about 7.0 and were more stable at neutral and slightly alkaline pH ranging from 7.0 to 9.0. Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 showed a moderate thermal stability. The products of barley β-glucan hydrolysis by Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were trisaccharide, tetrasaccharide, and cellobiose. Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 efficiently hydrolyzed cereal polysaccharides, which indicate that they may have biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lisov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Belova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoya Lisova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Nagel
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Shadrin
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhanna Andreeva-Kovalevskaya
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Nagornykh
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Zakharova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Leontievsky
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Gadallah EE, El-Borai AM, El-Aassar SA, Beltagy EA. Purification, characterization, immobilization and applications of an enzybiotic β-1,3-1,4-glucanase produced from halotolerant marine Halomonas meridiana ES021. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:89. [PMID: 36740637 PMCID: PMC9899757 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular β-1,3-1,4-glucanase-producing strain Halomonas meridiana ES021 was isolated from Gabal El-Zeit off shore, Red Sea, Egypt. The Extracellular enzyme was partially purified by precipitation with 75% acetone followed by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, where a single protein band was determined with molecular mass of approximately 72 kDa. The Km value was 0.62 mg β-1,3-1,4-glucan/mL and Vmax value was 7936 U/mg protein. The maximum activity for the purified enzyme was observed at 40 °C, pH 5.0, and after 10 min of the reaction. β-1,3-1,4-glucanase showed strong antibacterial effect against Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Vibrio damsela. It also showed antifungal effect against Penicillium sp. followed by Aspergillus niger. No toxicity was observed when tested on Artemia salina. Semi-purified β-1,3-1,4-glucanase was noticed to be effective in clarification of different juices at different pH values and different time intervals. The maximum clarification yields were 51.61% and 66.67% on mango juice at 40 °C and pH 5.3 for 2 and 4 h, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase enzyme from halotolerant Halomonas species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E Gadallah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Aliaa M El-Borai
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samy A El-Aassar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ehab A Beltagy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
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Zha ZQ, You S, Hu YH, Zhang F, Chen YW, Wang J. Asn57 N-glycosylation promotes the degradation of hemicellulose by β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Rhizopus homothallicus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8707-8721. [PMID: 35366731 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation alters the properties of different enzymes in different ways. Rhizopus homothallicus was first described as an environmental isolate from desert soil in Guatemala. A new gene encoding glucanase RhGlu16B was identified in R. homothallicus. It had high specific activity (9673 U/mg) when barley glucan was used as a substrate, and β-glucan is hemicellulose that is abundant in nature. RhGlu16B has only one N-glycosylation site in its Ala55-Gly64 loop. It was found that N-glycosylation increased its Tm value and catalytic efficiency by 5.1 °C and 59%, respectively. Adding N-glycosylation to the same region of GH16 family glucanases TlGlu16A (from Talaromyces leycettanus) increased its thermostability and catalytic efficiency by 6.4 °C and 38%, respectively. In a verification experiment using GH16 family glucanases BisGlu16B (from Bisporus) in which N-glycosylation was removed, N-glycosylation also appeared to promote thermostability and catalytic efficiency. N-glycosylation reduced the overall root mean square deviation of the enzyme structure, creating rigidity and increasing overall thermostability. This study provided a reference for the molecular modification of GH16 family glucanases and guided the utilization of β-glucan in hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qian Zha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Hao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, People's Republic of China.
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Ma J, Li Y, Han S, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Yang S. Structural and biochemical insights into the substrate-binding mechanism of a glycoside hydrolase family 12 β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Chaetomium sp. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107774. [PMID: 34329700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
β-1,3-1,4-Glucanases are a type of hydrolytic enzymes capable of catalyzing the strict cleavage of β-1,4 glycosidic bonds adjacent to β-1,3 linkages in β-D-glucans and have exhibited great potential in food and feed industrials. In this study, a novel glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 12 β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (CtGlu12A) from the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium sp. CQ31 was identified and biochemically characterized. CtGlu12A was most active at pH 7.5 and 65 °C, respectively, and exhibited a high specific activity of 999.9 U mg-1 towards lichenin. It maintained more than 80% of its initial activity in a wide pH range of 5.0-11.0, and up to 60 °C after incubation at 55 °C for 60 min. Moreover, the crystal structures of CtGlu12A with gentiobiose and tetrasccharide were resolved. CtGlu12A had a β-jellyroll fold, and performed retaining mechanism with two glutamic acids severing as the catalytic residues. In the complex structure, cellobiose molecule showed two binding modes, occupying subsites -2 to -1 and subsites + 1 to + 2, respectively. The concave cleft made mixed β-1,3-1,4-glucan substrates maintain a bent conformation to fit into the active site. Overall, this study is not only helpful for the understanding of the substrate-binding model and catalytic mechanism of GH 12 β-1,3-1,4-glucanases, but also provides a basis for further enzymatic engineering of β-1,3-1,4-glucanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Susu Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Fed-Batch Cultivation and Adding Supplements to Increase Yield of β-1,3-1,4-Glucanase by Genetically Engineered Escherichia coli. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the major influence factors of culture medium on the expression level of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase, and to further develop an optimized process for the extracellular production of β-glucanase at a bioreactor scale (7 L) with a genetically engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli) JM109-pLF3. In this study, batch cultivation and fed-batch cultivation including the constant rate feeding strategy and the DO-stat (DO: Dissolved Oxygen) feeding strategy were conducted. At a 7 L bioreactor scale for batch cultivation, biomass reached 3.14 g/L and the maximum β-glucanase activity was 506.94 U/mL. Compared with batch cultivation, the addition of glycerol, complex nitrogen and complete medium during fed-batch cultivation increased the production of biomass and β-1,3-1,4-glucanase. The maximum biomass and β-glucanase activity, which were 7.67 g/L and 1680 U/mL, respectively, that is, 2.45 and 3.31 times higher than those obtained with batch cultivation, were obtained by feeding a complex nitrogen source at a constant rate of 1.11 mL/min. Therefore, these nutritional supplements and strategies can be used as a reference to enhance the production of other bioproducts from E. coli.
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Chen L, Yi Z, Fang Y, Jin Y, Xiao Y, Zhao D, Luo H, He H, Sun Q, Zhao H. Uncovering key residues responsible for the thermostability of a thermophilic 1,3(4)-β-d-glucanase from Nong flavor Daqu by rational design. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 142:109672. [PMID: 33220875 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungal 1,3(4)-β-D-glucanases were usually applied in brewing and feedstuff industries, however, the thermostability limits the most their application. The characterized 1,3(4)-β-D-glucanase (NFEg16A) from Chinese Nong-flavor (NF) Daqu showed the highest thermostability among GH16 fungal 1,3(4)-β-D-glucanases, with half-lives of thermal inactivation (t1/2) of 44.9 min at 90 °C, so multiple rational designs were used to identify the key residues for its thermostability. Based on protein sequence and 3D structure analyses around the catalytic regions. Nine site-mutants were constructed, among which N173Y and S187A were identified as the most thermotolerant and thermolabile ones, with t1/2 values of 61 min and 14.0 min at 90 °C, respectively. Therefore, N173 and S187 were then selected as "hotspots" for site-saturation mutagenesis. Interestingly, most of the N173 and S187 variants exhibited a similar thermostability to that of N173Y and S187A, respectively, confirming their different roles in the thermostability of NFEg16A. In addition, each S187A and its surrounding substitutions (D144 N and T164 N) was independently detrimental to the thermostability of NFEg16A, since the t1/2 (90 °C) of S187A, D144 N and T164 N were 14.0 min, 20.6 min and 27.2 min, respectively. Surprisingly, combinatorial substitution of S187A with D144 N or T164 N showed positive effects on the thermostability, with the increase of t1/2 (90 °C) to 30.9 min and 63.5 min for S187A-D144 N and S187A-T164 N, respectively. More importantly, S187A-T164 N showed higher thermostability than that of wild type. In short, we successfully identified two key sites and their surrounding residues in response to the thermostability of NFEg16A and further improved its thermostability by several rational designs. These findings could be used for the protein engineering of homologous 1,3(4)-β-D-glucanases, as well as other enzyme family members with high similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanchai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhuolin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanling Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, PR China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Wuliangye Group, Yibin 644007, PR China
| | - Huibo Luo
- Liquor Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Bioengineering College, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 64300, PR China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Liquor Making Engineering, Moutai College, Renhuai 564501, PR China
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Hai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Biochemical characterization of a novel protease-resistant α-galactosidase from Paecilomyces thermophila suitable for raffinose family oligosaccharides degradation. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liu X, Jiang Z, Ma S, Yan Q, Chen Z, Liu H. High-level production and characterization of a novel β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Aspergillus awamori and its potential application in the brewing industry. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Biochemical Characteristics of Microbial Enzymes and Their Significance from Industrial Perspectives. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:579-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Chaari F, Chaabouni SE. Fungal β-1,3-1,4-glucanases: production, proprieties and biotechnological applications. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2657-2664. [PMID: 30430579 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
β-1,3-1,4-glucanases (or lichenases; EC 3.2.1.73) comprise one of the main enzymes used in industry during recent decades. These enzymes hydrolyze β-glucans containing β-1,3 and β-1,4 linkages, such as cereal β-glucans and lichenan. The β-1,3-1,4-glucanases are produced by a variety of bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. A large number of microbial β-1,3-1,4-glucanases have potential application in industrial processes, such as feed, food and detergent industries. The present review summarizes the available studies with respect to β-1,3-1,4-glucanases production conditions, enzyme biochemical properties and potential industrial application. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Chaari
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Semia Ellouz Chaabouni
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Common Service Unit of Bioreactor Coupled with an Ultrafilter, National School of Engineering, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ali B, Yi Z, Fang Y, Chen L, He K, Liu D, Luo H, Zhao D, Zheng J, He H, Jin Y, Zhao H. Characterization of a fungal thermostable endoglucanase from Chinese Nong-flavor daqu by metatranscriptomic method. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:183-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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You S, Tu T, Ma R, Huang HQ, Wang Y, Bai YG, Su XY, Cai HY, Yao B, Luo HY. Functional Analysis of a Highly Active β-Glucanase from Bispora sp. MEY-1 Using Its C-terminally Truncated Mutant. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9728-9737. [PMID: 30043608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A β-1,3-1,4-glucanase-encoding gene, Bisglu16B, was identified in Bispora sp. MEY-1. The deduced BisGlu16B consists of an N-terminal signal peptide, a catalytic module of glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16), and a C-terminal serine/proline-rich module. After expression in Pichia pastoris GS115, the purified recombinant BisGlu16B showed maximal activity at pH 4.0 and 55 °C and had broad substrate specificity (β-1,3-/β-1,4-mixed, β-1,3-, β-1,4-, and β-1,6-linked glucan, and β-1,4-mannan). The enzyme possessed high specific activities toward barley β-glucan (34 700 U·mg-1), lichenan (23 900 U·mg-1), and laminarin (9 000 U·mg-1). After removing the C-terminal module, the truncated mutant, BisGlu16B-ΔC, retained similar enzymatic properties to the wild type but displayed significantly enhanced activities (up to 2.5-fold). Functional and structural analyses indicated that the C-terminal module plays a key role in the substrate binding of BisGlu16B. This study provided an excellent candidate glucanase for industrial purposes and revealed the functions of a C-terminal serine/proline-rich region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai You
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huo-Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Guo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
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Niu C, Liu C, Li Y, Zheng F, Wang J, Li Q. Production of a thermostable 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase mutant in Bacillus subtilis WB600 at a high fermentation capacity and its potential application in the brewing industry. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Zhang B, Liu Y, Yang H, Yan Q, Yang S, Jiang ZQ, Li S. Biochemical properties and application of a novel β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii. Food Chem 2017; 234:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Qin Z, Yang S, Zhao L, You X, Yan Q, Jiang Z. Catalytic Mechanism of a Novel Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 "Elongating" β-Transglycosylase. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1666-1678. [PMID: 27956553 PMCID: PMC5290943 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are complex macromolecules in biological metabolism. Enzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates is recognized as a powerful tool to overcome the problems associated with large scale synthesis of carbohydrates. Novel enzymes with significant transglycosylation ability are still in great demand in glycobiology studies. Here we report a novel glycoside hydrolase family 16 "elongating" β-transglycosylase from Paecilomyces thermophila (PtBgt16A), which efficiently catalyzes the synthesis of higher polymeric oligosaccharides using β-1,3/1,4-oligosaccharides as donor/acceptor substrates. Further structural information reveals that PtBgt16A has a binding pocket around the -1 subsite. The catalytic mechanism of PtBgt16A is partly similar to an exo-glycoside hydrolase, which cleaves the substrate from the non-reducing end one by one. However, PtBgt16A releases the reducing end product and uses the remainder glucosyl as a transglycosylation donor. This catalytic mechanism has similarity with the catalytic mode of amylosucrase, which catalyzes the transglycosylation products gradually extend by one glucose unit. PtBgt16A thus has the potential to be a tool enzyme for the enzymatic synthesis of new β-oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; the School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research and Development Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- the School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research and Development Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin You
- the Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- the Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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16
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Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
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You S, Tu T, Zhang L, Wang Y, Huang H, Ma R, Shi P, Bai Y, Su X, Lin Z, Luo H, Yao B. Improvement of the thermostability and catalytic efficiency of a highly active β-glucanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 by optimizing residual charge-charge interactions. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:124. [PMID: 27303445 PMCID: PMC4906821 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucanase is one of the most extensively used biocatalysts in biofuel, food and animal feed industries. However, the poor thermostability and low catalytic efficiency of most reported β-glucanases limit their applications. Currently, two strategies are used to overcome these bottlenecks, i.e., mining for novel enzymes from extremophiles and engineering existing enzymes. RESULTS A novel endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanase of GH16 (Tlglu16A) from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 was produced in Pichia pastoris and characterized. For potential industrial applications, recombinant TlGlu16A exhibits favorable enzymatic properties over most reported glucanases, i.e., remarkable stability over a wide pH range from 1.0 to 10.0 and superior activity on glucan substrates (up to 15,197 U/mg). The only weakness of TlGlu16A is the thermolability at 65 °C and higher. To improve the thermostability, the enzyme thermal stability system was then used to engineer TlGlu16A through optimization of residual charge-charge interactions. Eleven mutants were constructed and compared to the wild-type TlGlu16A. Four mutants, H58D, E134R, D235G and D296K, showed longer half-life time at 80 °C (31, 7, 25, 22 vs. 0.5 min), and two mutants, D235G and D296K, had greater specific activities (158.2 and 122.2 %, respectively) and catalytic efficiencies (k cat/K m, 170 and 114 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The engineered TlGlu16A has great application potentials from the perspectives of enzyme yield and properties. Its thermostability and activity were apparently improved in the engineered enzymes through charge optimization. This study spans the genetic, functional and structural fields, and provides a combination of gene mining and protein engineering approaches for the systematic improvement of enzyme performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai You
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Tu
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhemin Lin
- />Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- />Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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18
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Xu T, Zhu T, Li S. β-1,3-1,4-glucanase gene from Bacillus velezensis ZJ20 exerts antifungal effect on plant pathogenic fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Chen Z, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Li Y. High-level expression of a novel α-galactosidase gene from Rhizomucor miehei in Pichia pastoris and characterization of the recombinant enyzme. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 110:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Sekhohola LM, Isaacs ML, Cowan AK. Fungal colonization and enzyme-mediated metabolism of waste coal by Neosartorya fischeri strain ECCN 84. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1797-802. [PMID: 25273148 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.930325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Colonization and oxidative metabolism of South African low-rank discard coal by the fungal strain ECCN 84 previously isolated from a coal environment and identified as Neosartorya fischeri was investigated. Results show that waste coal supported fungal growth. Colonization of waste coal particles by N. fischeri ECCN 84 was associated with the formation of compact spherical pellets or sclerotia-like structures. Dissection of the pellets from liquid cultures revealed a nucleus of "engulfed" coal which when analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed a time-dependent decline in weight percentage of elemental carbon and an increase in elemental oxygen. Proliferation of peroxisomes in hyphae attached to coal particles and increased extracellular laccase activity occurred after addition of waste coal to cultures of N. fischeri ECCN 84. These results support a role for oxidative enzyme action in the biodegradation of coal and suggest that extracellular laccase is a key component in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerato Mary Sekhohola
- a Institute for Environmental Biotechnology (EBRU) , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , South Africa
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21
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Wu D, Teng D, Xi D, Wang X, Wang X, Mao R, Zhang Y, Dai H, Wang J. Rapid cloning, expression and purification of a novel high-activity alkaline phosphatase with detoxification of lipopolysaccharide. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Wang W, Liu C, Ma Y, Liu X, Zhang K, Zhang M. Improved production of two expansin-like proteins in Pichia pastoris and investigation of their functional properties. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Structural and mutagenetic analyses of a 1,3–1,4-β-glucanase from Paecilomyces thermophila. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:366-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Gao Z. Purification and characterization of a novel lichenase from Bacillus licheniformis GZ-2. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 63:249-56. [PMID: 24397427 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel lichenase from Bacillus licheniformis GZ-2 was purified to homogeneity by two steps ion-exchange chromatography with a specific activity of 8231.3 U/mg. The purified enzyme showed as a single protein band with a molecular mass of 25 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were 6.5 and 60 °C, respectively. The enzyme exhibited strict specificity for β-1,3-1,4-d-glucans. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were 5.11 mg/mL and 2097 µmol/Min/mg for lichenan and 7.42 mg/mL and 1440 µmol/Min/mg for barley β-glucan. Compared to most of the reported β-1,3-1,4-glucanases (lichenase), the activity of the purified enzyme for lichenan was much higher than that for barley β-glucan. The main products of β-glucan hydrolyzed by the lichenase were cellubiosyltriose (DP3) and cellutriosyltraose (DP4). The lichenase gene from B. licheniformis GZ-2 was cloned and sequenced. The open reading frame of gene gz-2 contained 642 bp coding for a 214 amino acid mature protein. The gene was cloned into an expression vector pET 28a and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The activity in cell lysate supernatant was 137.9 U/mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Zhou X, Chen R, Yang P, Meng Q, Meng K, Luo H, Yuan J, Yao B, Zhang W. Overexpression of an acidic endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanase in transgenic maize seed for direct utilization in animal feed. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81993. [PMID: 24391711 PMCID: PMC3876984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incorporation of exogenous glucanase into animal feed is common practice to remove glucan, one of the anti-nutritional factors, for efficient nutrition absorption. The acidic endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (Bgl7A) from Bispora sp. MEY-1 has excellent properties and represents a potential enzyme supplement to animal feed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we successfully developed a transgenic maize producing a high level of Bgl7AM (codon modified Bgl7A) by constructing a recombinant vector driven by the embryo-specific promoter ZM-leg1A. Southern and Western blot analysis indicated the stable integration and specific expression of the transgene in maize seeds over four generations. The β-glucanase activity of the transgenic maize seeds reached up to 779,800 U/kg, about 236-fold higher than that of non-transgenic maize. The β-glucanase derived from the transgenic maize seeds had an optimal pH of 4.0 and was stable at pH 1.0-8.0, which is in agreement with the normal environment of digestive tract. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our study offers a transgenic maize line that could be directly used in animal feed without any glucanase production, purification and supplementation, consequently simplifying the feed enzyme processing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojin Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rumei Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingchang Meng
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Kun Meng
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yuan
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (BY); (ZW)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (BY); (ZW)
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26
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Purification, characterization, and heterologous expression of a thermostable β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Bacillus altitudinis YC-9. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:960-75. [PMID: 23292246 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purification, characterization, gene cloning, and heterologous expression in Escherichia coli of a thermostable β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Bacillus altitudinis YC-9 have been investigated in this paper. The donor strain B. altitudinis YC-9 was isolated from spring silt. The native enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose anion exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The purified β-1,3-1,4-glucanase was observed to be stable at 60 °C and retain more than 90% activity when incubated for 2 h at 60 °C and remain about 75% and 44% activity after incubating at 70 °C and 80 °C for 10 min, respectively. Acidity and temperature optimal for this enzyme was pH 6 and 65 °C. The open reading frame of the enzyme gene was measured to be 732 bp encoding 243 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 27.47 kDa. The gene sequence of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase showed a homology of 98% with that of Bacillus licheniformis. After being expressed in E. coli BL21, active recombinant enzyme was detected both in the supernatants of the culture and the cell lysate, with the activity of 102.7 and 216.7 U/mL, respectively. The supernatants of the culture were used to purify the recombinant enzyme. The purified recombinant enzyme was characterized to show almost the same properties to the wild enzyme, except that the specific activity of the recombinant enzyme reached 5392.7 U/mg, which was higher than those ever reported β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Bacillus strains. The thermal stability and high activity make this enzyme broad prospect for industry application. This is the first report on β-1,3-1,4-glucanase produced by B. altitudinis.
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27
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High-level expression of a novel Penicillium endo-1,3(4)-β-d-glucanase with high specific activity in Pichia pastoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:869-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel endo-1,3(4)-β-d-glucanase gene (bgl16C1) from Penicillium pinophilum C1 was cloned and sequenced. The 945-bp full-length gene encoded a 315-residue polypeptide consisting of a putative signal peptide of 18 residues and a catalytic domain belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 16. The deduced amino acid sequence showed the highest identity (82%) with the putative endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase from Talaromyces stipitatus ATCC 10500 and 60% identity with the characterized β-1,3(4)-glucanase from Paecilomyces sp. FLH30. The gene was successfully overexpressed in Pichia pastoris. Recombinant Bgl16C1 constituted 95% of total secreted proteins (2.61 g l−1) with activity of 28,721 U ml−1 in a 15-l fermentor. The purified recombinant Bgl16C1 had higher specific activity toward barley β-glucan (12,622 U mg−1) than all known glucanases and also showed activity against lichenan and laminarin. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 55°C and exhibited good stability over a broad acid and alkaline pH range (>85% activity at pH 3.0–7.0 and even 30% at pH 11.0). All these favorable enzymatic properties make it attractive for potential applications in various industries.
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28
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Jia H, Li Y, Liu Y, Yan Q, Yang S, Jiang Z. Engineering a thermostable β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Paecilomyces thermophila to improve catalytic efficiency at acidic pH. J Biotechnol 2012; 159:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Catalytic efficiency diversification of duplicate β-1,3-1,4-glucanases from Neocallimastix patriciarum J11. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:4294-300. [PMID: 22492445 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07473-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Four types of β-1,3-1,4 glucanase (β-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.73) genes, designated bglA13, bglA16, bglA51, and bglM2, were found in the cDNA library of Neocallimastix patriciarum J11. All were highly homologous with each other and demonstrated a close phylogenetic relationship with and a similar codon bias to Streptococcus equinus. The presence of expansion and several predicted secondary structures in the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of bglA16 and bglM2 suggest that these two genes were duplicated recently, whereas bglA13 and bglA16, which contain very short 3'UTRs, were replicated earlier. These findings indicate that the β-glucanase genes from N. patriciarum J11 may have arisen by horizontal transfer from the bacterium and subsequent duplication in the rumen fungus. β-Glucanase genes of Streptococcus equinus, Ruminococcus albus 7, and N. patriciarum J11 were cloned and expressed by Escherichia coli. The recombinant β-glucanases cloned from S. equinus, R. albus 7, and N. patriciarum J11 were endo-acting and had similar substrate specificity, but they demonstrated different properties in other tests. The specific activities and catalytic efficiency of the bacterial β-glucanases were also significantly lower than those of the fungal β-glucanases. Our results also revealed that the activities and some characteristics of enzymes were changed during the horizontal gene transfer event. The specific activities of the fungal β-glucanases ranged from 26,529 to 41,209 U/mg of protein when barley-derived β-glucan was used as the substrate. They also demonstrated similar pH and temperature optima, substrate specificity, substrate affinity, and hydrolysis patterns. Nevertheless, BglA16 and BglM2, two recently duplicated β-glucanases, showed much higher k(cat) values than others. These results support the notion that duplicated β-glucanase genes, namely, bglA16 and bglM2, increase the reaction efficiency of β-glucanases and suggest that the catalytic efficiency of β-glucanase is likely to be a criterion determining the evolutionary fate of duplicate forms in N. patriciarum J11.
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Cheng YS, Ko TP, Huang JW, Wu TH, Lin CY, Luo W, Li Q, Ma Y, Huang CH, Wang AHJ, Liu JR, Guo RT. Enhanced activity of Thermotoga maritima cellulase 12A by mutating a unique surface loop. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 95:661-9. [PMID: 22170108 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellulase 12A from Thermotoga maritima (TmCel12A) is a hyperthermostable β-1,4-endoglucanase. We recently determined the crystal structures of TmCel12A and its complexes with oligosaccharides. Here, by using site-directed mutagenesis, the role played by Arg60 and Tyr61 in a unique surface loop of TmCel12A was investigated. The results are consistent with the previously observed hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions between these two residues and the substrate. Interestingly, the mutant Y61G had the highest activity when compared with the wild-type enzyme and the other mutants. It also shows a wider range of working temperatures than does the wild type, along with retention of the hyperthermostability. The k (cat) and K (m) values of Y61G are both higher than those of the wild type. In conjunction with the crystal structure of Y61G-substrate complex, the kinetic data suggest that the higher endoglucanase activity is probably due to facile dissociation of the cleaved sugar moiety at the reducing end. Additional crystallographic analyses indicate that the insertion and deletion mutations at the Tyr61 site did not affect the overall protein structure, but local perturbations might diminish the substrate-binding strength. It is likely that the catalytic efficiency of TmCel12A is a subtle balance between substrate binding and product release. The activity enhancement by the single mutation of Y61G provides a good example of engineered enzyme for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shan Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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