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Metabolic Engineering of Zymomonas mobilis for Acetoin Production by Carbon Redistribution and Cofactor Balance. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Biorefinery to produce value-added biochemicals offers a promising alternative to meet our sustainable energy and environmental goals. Acetoin is widely used in the food and cosmetic industries as taste and fragrance enhancer. The generally regarded as safe (GRAS) bacterium Zymomonas mobilis produces acetoin as an extracellular product under aerobic conditions. In this study, metabolic engineering strategies were applied including redistributing the carbon flux to acetoin and manipulating the NADH levels. To improve the acetoin level, a heterologous acetoin pathway was first introduced into Z. mobilis, which contained genes encoding acetolactate synthase (Als) and acetolactate decarboxylase (AldC) driven by a strong native promoter Pgap. Then a gene encoding water-forming NADH oxidase (NoxE) was introduced for NADH cofactor balance. The recombinant Z. mobilis strain containing both an artificial acetoin operon and the noxE greatly enhanced acetoin production with maximum titer reaching 8.8 g/L and the productivity of 0.34 g∙L−1∙h−1. In addition, the strategies to delete ndh gene for redox balance by native I-F CRISPR-Cas system and to redirect carbon from ethanol production to acetoin biosynthesis through a dcas12a-based CRISPRi system targeting pdc gene laid a foundation to help construct an acetoin producer in the future. This study thus provides an informative strategy and method to harness the NADH levels for biorefinery and synthetic biology studies in Z. mobilis.
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Pan X, You J, Tang M, Zhang X, Xu M, Yang T, Rao Z. Improving prodigiosin production by transcription factor engineering and promoter engineering in Serratia marcescens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977337. [PMID: 35992721 PMCID: PMC9382025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG), a red linear tripyrrole pigment produced by Serratia marcescens, has attracted attention due to its immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Although many studies have been used to dissect the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory network of prodigiosin production in S. marcescens, few studies have been focused on improving prodigiosin production through metabolic engineering in this strain. In this study, transcription factor engineering and promoter engineering was used to promote the production of prodigiosin in S. marcescens JNB5-1. Firstly, through construing of a Tn5G transposon insertion library of strain JNB5-1, it was found that the DNA-binding response regulator BVG89_19895 (OmpR) can promote prodigiosin synthesis in this strain. Then, using RNA-Seq analysis, reporter green fluorescent protein analysis and RT-qPCR analysis, the promoter P17 (PRplJ) was found to be a strong constitutive promoter in strain JNB5-1. Finally, the promoter P17 was used for overexpressing of prodigiosin synthesis activator OmpR and PsrA in strain JNB5-1 and a recombinant strain PG-6 was obtained. Shake flask analysis showed that the prodigiosin titer of this strain was increased to 10.25 g/L, which was 1.62-times that of the original strain JNB5-1 (6.33 g/L). Taken together, this is the first well-characterized constitutive promoter library from S. marcescens, and the transcription factor engineering and promoter engineering can be also useful strategies to improve the production of other high value-added products in S. marcescens.
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Effectively Converting Cane Molasses into 2,3-Butanediol Using Clostridium ljungdahlii by an Integrated Fermentation and Membrane Separation Process. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030954. [PMID: 35164219 PMCID: PMC8839846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Firstly, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a chemical platform used in several applications. However, the pathogenic nature of its producers and the expensive feedstocks used limit its scale production. In this study, cane molasses was used for 2,3-BDO production by a nonpathogenic Clostridium ljungdahlii. It was found that cane molasses alone, without the addition of other ingredients, was favorable for use as the culture medium for 2,3-BDO production. Compared with the control (i.e., the modified DSMZ 879 medium), the differential genes are mainly involved in the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and amino acid metabolism in the case of the cane molasses alone. However, when cane molasses alone was used, cell growth was significantly inhibited by KCl in cane molasses. Similarly, a high concentration of sugars (i.e., above 35 g/L) can inhibit cell growth and 2,3-BDO production. More seriously, 2,3-BDO production was inhibited by itself. As a result, cane molasses alone with an initial 35 g/L total sugars was suitable for 2,3-BDO production in batch culture. Finally, an integrated fermentation and membrane separation process was developed to maintain high 2,3-BDO productivity of 0.46 g·L−1·h−1. Meanwhile, the varied fouling mechanism indicated that the fermentation properties changed significantly, especially for the cell properties. Therefore, the integrated fermentation and membrane separation process was favorable for 2,3-BDO production by C. ljungdahlii using cane molasses.
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Pan X, Tang M, You J, Osire T, Sun C, Fu W, Yi G, Yang T, Yang ST, Rao Z. PsrA is a novel regulator contributes to antibiotic synthesis, bacterial virulence, cell motility and extracellular polysaccharides production in Serratia marcescens. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:127-148. [PMID: 34893884 PMCID: PMC8754645 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family that can produce numbers of biologically active secondary metabolites. However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms behind secondary metabolites biosynthesis in S. marcescens remains limited. In this study, we identified an uncharacterized LysR family transcriptional regulator, encoding gene BVG90_12635, here we named psrA, that positively controlled prodigiosin synthesis in S. marcescens. This phenotype corresponded to PsrA positive control of transcriptional of the prodigiosin-associated pig operon by directly binding to a regulatory binding site (RBS) and an activating binding site (ABS) in the promoter region of the pig operon. We demonstrated that L-proline is an effector for the PsrA, which enhances the binding affinity of PsrA to its target promoters. Using transcriptomics and further experiments, we show that PsrA indirectly regulates pleiotropic phenotypes, including serrawettin W1 biosynthesis, extracellular polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, swarming motility and T6SS-mediated antibacterial activity in S. marcescens. Collectively, this study proposes that PsrA is a novel regulator that contributes to antibiotic synthesis, bacterial virulence, cell motility and extracellular polysaccharides production in S. marcescens and provides important clues for future studies exploring the function of the PsrA and PsrA-like proteins which are widely present in many other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tolbert Osire
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weilai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Fujian Dabeinong Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 363500, China
| | - Ganfeng Yi
- Fujian Dabeinong Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 363500, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Efficient 2,3-Butanediol/Acetoin Production Using Whole-Cell Biocatalyst with a New Nadh/Nad(+) Regeneration System. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An auto-inducing expression system was developed that could express target genes in S. marcescens MG1. Using this system, MG1 was constructed as a whole-cell biocatalyst to produce 2,3-butanediol/acetoin. Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase were expressed together to build an NADH regeneration system to transform diacetyl to 2,3-butanediol. After fermentation, the extract of recombinant S. marcescens MG1ABC (pETDuet-bdhA-fdh) showed 2,3-BDH activity of 57.8 U/mg and FDH activity of 0.5 U/mg. And 27.95 g/L of 2,3-BD was achieved with a productivity of 4.66 g/Lh using engineered S. marcescens MG1(Pswnb+pETDuet-bdhA-fdh) after 6 h incubation. Next, to produce 2,3-butanediol from acetoin, NADH oxidase and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis were co-expressed to obtain a NAD+ regeneration system. After fermentation, the recombinant strain S. marcescens MG1ABC (pSWNB+pETDuet-bdhA-yodC) showed AR activity of 212.4 U/mg and NOX activity of 150.1 U/mg. We obtained 44.9 g/L of acetoin with a productivity of 3.74 g/Lh using S. marcescens MG1ABC (pSWNB+pETDuet-bdhA-yodC). This work confirmed that S. marcescens could be designed as a whole-cell biocatalyst for 2,3-butanediol and acetoin production.
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Maina S, Prabhu AA, Vivek N, Vlysidis A, Koutinas A, Kumar V. Prospects on bio-based 2,3-butanediol and acetoin production: Recent progress and advances. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107783. [PMID: 34098005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The bio-based platform chemicals 2,3-butanediol (BDO) and acetoin have various applications in chemical, cosmetics, food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries, whereas the derivatives of BDO could be used as fuel additives, polymer and synthetic rubber production. This review summarizes the novel technological developments in adapting genetic and metabolic engineering strategies for selection and construction of chassis strains for BDO and acetoin production. The valorization of renewable feedstocks and bioprocess development for the upstream and downstream stages of bio-based BDO and acetoin production are discussed. The techno-economic aspects evaluating the viability and industrial potential of bio-based BDO production are presented. The commercialization of bio-based BDO and acetoin production requires the utilization of crude renewable resources, the chassis strains with high fermentation production efficiencies and development of sustainable purification or conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maina
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ashish A Prabhu
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Narisetty Vivek
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Anestis Vlysidis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
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Characterization and Regulation of the Acetolactate Synthase Genes Involved in Acetoin Biosynthesis in Acetobacter pasteurianus. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051013. [PMID: 34066556 PMCID: PMC8148554 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetoin is an important aroma-active chemical in cereal vinegars. Acetobacter pasteurianus was reported to make a significant contribution to acetoin generation in cereal vinegars. However, the related acetoin biosynthesis mechanism was largely unknown. Two annotated acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes of A. pasteurianus were investigated in this study to analyze their functions and regulatory mechanisms. Heterologous expression in Escherichia coli revealed that only AlsS1 exhibited ALS activity and had the optimal activity at 55 °C and pH 6.5. Two alsS-defective mutants of A. pasteurianus CICC 22518 were constructed, and their acetoin yields were both reduced, suggesting that two alsS genes participated in acetoin biosynthesis. A total 79.1% decrease in acetoin yield in the alsS1-defective mutant revealed that alsS1 took a major role. The regulator gene alsR disruptant was constructed to analyze the regulation effect. The decline of the acetoin yield and down-regulation of the alsD and alsS1 gene transcriptions were detected, but the alsS2 gene transcription was not affected. Acetoin was an important metabolite of lactate catabolism in A. pasteurianus. The coexistence of two alsS genes can help strains rapidly and securely assimilate lactate to deal with the lactate pressure in a vinegar brewing environment, which represented a new genetic mode of acetoin production in bacteria.
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Zhang W, Kang J, Wang C, Ping W, Ge J. Effects of pyruvate decarboxylase ( pdc1, pdc5) gene knockout on the production of metabolites in two haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:62-69. [PMID: 33881948 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1910958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has good reproductive ability in both haploid and diploid forms, a pyruvate decarboxylase plays an important role in S. cerevisiae cell metabolism. In this study, pdc1 and pdc5 double knockout strains of S. cerevisiae H14-02 (MATa type) and S. cerevisiae H5-02 (MATα type) were obtained by the Cre/loxP technique. The effects of the deletion of pdc1 and pdc5 on the metabolites of the two haploid S. cerevisiae strains were consistent. In S. cerevisiae H14-02, the ethanol conversion decreased by 30.19%, the conversion of glycerol increased by 40.005%, the concentration of acetic acid decreased by 43.54%, the concentration of acetoin increased by 12.79 times, and the activity of pyruvate decarboxylase decreased by 40.91% compared to those in the original H14 strain. The original S. cerevisiae haploid strain H14 produced a small amount of acetoin but produced very little 2,3-butanediol. However, S. cerevisiae H14-02 produced 1.420 ± 0.063 g/L 2,3-BD. This study not only provides strain selection for obtaining haploid strains with a high yield of 2,3-BD but also lays a foundation for haploid S. cerevisiae to be used as a new tool for genetic research and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxiang Ping
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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Regulator RcsB Controls Prodigiosin Synthesis and Various Cellular Processes in Serratia marcescens JNB5-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02052-20. [PMID: 33158890 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02052-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG), a red linear tripyrrole pigment normally secreted by Serratia marcescens, has received attention for its reported immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Although several genes have been shown to be important for prodigiosin synthesis, information on the regulatory mechanisms behind this cellular process remains limited. In this work, we identified that the transcriptional regulator RcsB encoding gene BVG90_13250 (rcsB) negatively controlled prodigiosin biosynthesis in S. marcescens Disruption of rcsB conferred a remarkably increased production of prodigiosin. This phenotype corresponded to negative control of transcription of the prodigiosin-associated pig operon by RcsB, probably by binding to the promoter region of the prodigiosin synthesis positive regulator FlhDC. Moreover, using transcriptomics and further experiments, we revealed that RcsB also controlled some other important cellular processes, including swimming and swarming motilities, capsular polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and acid resistance (AR), in S. marcescens Collectively, this work proposes that RcsB is a prodigiosin synthesis repressor in S. marcescens and provides insight into the regulatory mechanism of RcsB in cell motility, capsular polysaccharide production, and acid resistance in S. marcescens IMPORTANCE RcsB is a two-component response regulator in the Rcs phosphorelay system, and it plays versatile regulatory functions in Enterobacteriaceae However, information on the function of the RcsB protein in bacteria, especially in S. marcescens, remains limited. In this work, we illustrated experimentally that the RcsB protein was involved in diverse cellular processes in S. marcescens, including prodigiosin synthesis, cell motility, capsular polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and acid resistance. Additionally, the regulatory mechanism of the RcsB protein in these cellular processes was investigated. In conclusion, this work indicated that RcsB could be a regulator for prodigiosin synthesis and provides insight into the function of the RcsB protein in S. marcescens.
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Yang Y, Zhang Z, Lu X, Gu J, Wang Y, Yao Y, Liao X, Shi J, Lye G, Baganz F, Hao J. Production of 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate by Enterobacter cloacae. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109650. [PMID: 32912674 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Dihydroxyisovalerate is an intermediate of the valine synthesis pathway. However, neither natural microorganisms nor valine producing engineered strains have been reported yet to produce this chemical. Based on the 2,3-butanediol synthesis pathway, a biological route of 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate production was developed using a budA and ilvD disrupted Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in our previous research. We hypothesised, that other 2,3-butanediol producing bacteria could be used for 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate production. Here a budA disrupted Enterobacter cloacae was constructed, and this strain exhibited a high 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate producing ability. Disruption of ilvD in E. cloacae ΔbudA further increased 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate level. The disruption of budA, encoding an acetolactate decarboxylase, resulted in the acetolactate synthesized in the 2,3-butanediol synthesis pathway to flow into the valine synthesis pathway. The additional disruption of ilvD, encoding a dihydroxy acid dehydratase, prevented the 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate to be further metabolized in the valine synthesis pathway. Thus, the disruption of both budA and ilvD in 2,3-butanediol producing strains might be an universal strategy for 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate accumulation. After optimization of the medium components and culture parameters 31.2 g/L of 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate was obtained with a productivity of 0.41 g/L h and a substrate conversion ratio of 0.56 mol/mol glucose in a fed-batch fermentation. This approach provides an economic way for 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, PR China; School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Zhongxi Zhang
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, PR China; School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiyang Lu
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, PR China
| | - Jinjie Gu
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yike Wang
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, PR China; School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yao Yao
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xianyan Liao
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jiping Shi
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, PR China
| | - Gary Lye
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Frank Baganz
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
| | - Jian Hao
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, PR China; Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
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11
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Butanediol production from glycerol and glucose by Serratia marcescens isolated from tropical peat soil. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Song CW, Park JM, Chung SC, Lee SY, Song H. Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol for industrial applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1583-1601. [PMID: 31468234 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) has great potential for diverse industries, including chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical areas. However, its industrial production and usage are limited by the fairly high cost of its petro-based production. Several bio-based 2,3-BD production processes have been developed and their economic advantages over petro-based production process have been reported. In particular, many 2,3-BD-producing microorganisms including bacteria and yeast have been isolated and metabolically engineered for efficient production of 2,3-BD. In addition, several fermentation processes have been tested using feedstocks such as starch, sugar, glycerol, and even lignocellulose as raw materials. Since separation and purification of 2,3-BD from fermentation broth account for the majority of its production cost, cost-effective processes have been simultaneously developed. The construction of a demonstration plant that can annually produce around 300 tons of 2,3-BD is scheduled to be mechanically completed in Korea in 2019. In this paper, core technologies for bio-based 2,3-BD production are reviewed and their potentials for use in the commercial sector are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea
| | - Jong Myoung Park
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Chung
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyohak Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea.
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13
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de Paula RG, Antoniêto ACC, Ribeiro LFC, Srivastava N, O'Donovan A, Mishra PK, Gupta VK, Silva RN. Engineered microbial host selection for value-added bioproducts from lignocellulose. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107347. [PMID: 30771467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a rich and sustainable globally available carbon source and is considered a prominent alternative raw material for producing biofuels and valuable chemical compounds. Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the crucial steps of lignocellulose degradation. Cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme mixes produced by different microorganisms including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria, are used to degrade the biomass to liberate monosaccharides and other compounds for fermentation or conversion to value-added products. During biomass pretreatment and degradation, toxic compounds are produced, and undesirable carbon catabolic repression (CCR) can occur. In order to solve this problem, microbial metabolic pathways and transcription factors involved have been investigated along with the application of protein engineering to optimize the biorefinery platform. Engineered Microorganisms have been used to produce specific enzymes to breakdown biomass polymers and metabolize sugars to produce ethanol as well other biochemical compounds. Protein engineering strategies have been used for modifying lignocellulolytic enzymes to overcome enzymatic limitations and improving both their production and functionality. Furthermore, promoters and transcription factors, which are key proteins in this process, are modified to promote microbial gene expression that allows a maximum performance of the hydrolytic enzymes for lignocellulosic degradation. The present review will present a critical discussion and highlight the aspects of the use of microorganisms to convert lignocellulose into value-added bioproduct as well combat the bottlenecks to make the biorefinery platform from lignocellulose attractive to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Graciano de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Liliane Fraga Costa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Anthonia O'Donovan
- School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Roberto N Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Russmayer H, Marx H, Sauer M. Microbial 2-butanol production with Lactobacillus diolivorans. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:262. [PMID: 31709011 PMCID: PMC6833138 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biobutanol has great potential as biofuel of the future. However, only a few organisms have the natural ability to produce butanol. Amongst them, Clostridium spp. are the most efficient producers. The high toxicity of biobutanol constitutes one of the bottlenecks within the biobutanol production process which often suffers from low final butanol concentrations and yields. Butanol tolerance is a key driver for process optimisation and, therefore, in the search for alternative butanol production hosts. Many Lactobacillus species show a remarkable tolerance to solvents and some Lactobacillus spp. are known to naturally produce 2-butanol from meso-2,3-butanediol (meso-2,3-BTD) during anaerobic sugar fermentations. Lactobacillus diolivorans showed already to be highly efficient in the production of other bulk chemicals using a simple two-step metabolic pathway. Exactly, the same pathway enables this cell factory for 2-butanol production. RESULTS Due to the inability of L. diolivorans to produce meso-2,3-BTD, a two-step cultivation processes with Serratia marcescens has been developed. S. marcescens is a very efficient producer of meso-2,3-BTD from glucose. The process yielded a butanol concentration of 10 g/L relying on wild-type bacterial strains. A further improvement of the maximum butanol titer was achieved using an engineered L. diolivorans strain overexpressing the endogenous alcohol dehydrogenase pduQ. The two-step cultivation process based on the engineered strain led to a maximum 2-butanol titer of 13.4 g/L, which is an increase of 34%. CONCLUSION In this study, L. diolivorans is for the first time described as a good natural producer for 2-butanol from meso-2,3-butanediol. Through the application of a two-step cultivation process with S. marcescens, 2-butanol can be produced from glucose in a one-vessel, two-step microbial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Russmayer
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Marx
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- ACIB GmbH, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Yang Z, Zhang Z. Recent advances on production of 2, 3-butanediol using engineered microbes. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:569-578. [PMID: 29608949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a significant platform chemical, 2, 3-butanediol (2, 3-BD) has found wide applications in industry. The success of microbial 2, 3-BD production was limited by the use of pathogenic microorganisms and low titer in engineered hosts. The utilization of cheaply available feedstock such as lignocellulose was another major challenge to achieve economic production of 2, 3-BD. To address those issues, engineering strategies including both genetic modifications and process optimization have been employed. In this review, we summarized the state-of-the-art progress in the biotechnological production of 2, 3-BD. Metabolic engineering and process engineering strategies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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16
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Efficient (3S)-Acetoin and (2S,3S)-2,3-Butanediol Production from meso-2,3-Butanediol Using Whole-Cell Biocatalysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030691. [PMID: 29562693 PMCID: PMC6017632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(3S)-Acetoin and (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol are important platform chemicals widely applied in the asymmetric synthesis of valuable chiral chemicals. However, their production by fermentative methods is difficult to perform. This study aimed to develop a whole-cell biocatalysis strategy for the production of (3S)-acetoin and (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol from meso-2,3-butanediol. First, E. coli co-expressing (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was developed for (3S)-acetoin production from meso-2,3-butanediol. Maximum (3S)-acetoin concentration of 72.38 g/L with the stereoisomeric purity of 94.65% was achieved at 24 h under optimal conditions. Subsequently, we developed another biocatalyst co-expressing (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase for (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol production from (3S)-acetoin. Synchronous catalysis together with two biocatalysts afforded 38.41 g/L of (2S,3S)-butanediol with stereoisomeric purity of 98.03% from 40 g/L meso-2,3-butanediol. These results exhibited the potential for (3S)-acetoin and (2S,3S)-butanediol production from meso-2,3-butanediol as a substrate via whole-cell biocatalysis.
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Lo R, Ho VTT, Bansal N, Turner MS. The genetic basis underlying variation in production of the flavour compound diacetyl by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains in milk. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 265:30-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Yang T, Rao Z, Zhang X, Xu M, Xu Z, Yang ST. Metabolic engineering strategies for acetoin and 2,3-butanediol production: advances and prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:990-1005. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1299680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute, Rugao, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute, Rugao, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Lv X, Dai L, Bai F, Wang Z, Zhang L, Shen Y. Metabolic engineering of Serratia marcescens MG1 for enhanced production of ( 3R)-acetoin. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2016; 3:52. [PMID: 27942437 PMCID: PMC5124605 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-016-0128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optically pure acetoin (AC) is an important platform chemical which has been widely used to synthesize novel optically active α-hydroxyketone derivatives and liquid crystal composites. Results In this study, slaC and gldA encoding meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (meso-2,3-BDH) and glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH), respectively, in S. marcescens MG1 were knocked out to block the conversion from AC to 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD). The resulting strain MG14 was found to produce a large amount of optically pure (3R)-AC with a little 2,3-BD, indicating that another enzyme responsible for 2,3-BD formation except meso-2,3-BDH and GDH existed in the strain MG1. Furthermore, SlaR protein, a transcriptional activator of AC cluster, was overexpressed using PC promoter in the strain MG14, leading to enhancement of the (3R)-AC yield by 29.91%. The recombinant strain with overexpression of SlaR, designated as S. marcescens MG15, was used to perform medium optimization for improving (3R)-AC production. Conclusion Under the optimized conditions, 39.91 ± 1.35 g/l (3R)-AC was produced by strain MG15 with the productivity of 1.11 g/l h and the conversion rate of 80.13%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Lu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Fangmin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Zhanqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Liaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
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20
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Su C, Xiang Z, Liu Y, Zhao X, Sun Y, Li Z, Li L, Chang F, Chen T, Wen X, Zhou Y, Zhao F. Analysis of the genomic sequences and metabolites of Serratia surfactantfaciens sp. nov. YD25 T that simultaneously produces prodigiosin and serrawettin W2. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:865. [PMID: 27809759 PMCID: PMC5094094 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Serratia are potential producers of many useful secondary metabolites, such as prodigiosin and serrawettins, which have potential applications in environmental bioremediation or in the pharmaceutical industry. Several Serratia strains produce prodigiosin and serrawettin W1 as the main bioactive compounds, and the biosynthetic pathways are co-regulated by quorum sensing (QS). In contrast, the Serratia strain, which can simultaneously produce prodigiosin and serrawettin W2, has not been reported. This study focused on analyzing the genomic sequence of Serratia sp. strain YD25T isolated from rhizosphere soil under continuously planted burley tobacco collected from Yongding, Fujian province, China, which is unique in producing both prodigiosin and serrawettin W2. Results A hybrid polyketide synthases (PKS)-non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) gene cluster putatively involved in biosynthesis of antimicrobial serrawettin W2 was identified in the genome of YD25T, and its biosynthesis pathway was proposed. We found potent antimicrobial activity of serrawettin W2 purified from YD25T against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi as well as antitumor activity against Hela cells. Subsequently, comparative genomic analyses were performed among a total of 133 Serratia species. The prodigiosin biosynthesis gene cluster in YD25T belongs to the type I pig cluster, which is the main form of pig-encoding genes existing in most of the pigmented Serratia species. In addition, a complete autoinducer-2 (AI-2) system (including luxS, lsrBACDEF, lsrGK, and lsrR) as a conserved bacterial operator is found in the genome of Serratia sp. strain YD25T. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated Lsr and LuxS proteins revealed that YD25T formed an independent branch and was clearly distant from the strains that solely produce either prodigiosin or serrawettin W2. The Fe (III) ion reduction assay confirmed that strain YD25T could produce an AI-2 signal molecule. Phylogenetic analysis using the genomic sequence of YD25T combined with phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses support this strain as a member of a novel and previously uncharacterized Serratia species. Conclusion Genomic sequence and metabolite analysis of Serratia surfactantfaciens YD25T indicate that this strain can be further explored for the production of useful metabolites. Unveiling the genomic sequence of S. surfactantfaciens YD25T benefits the usage of this unique strain as a model system for studying the biosynthesis regulation of both prodigiosin and serrawettin W2 by the QS system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3171-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Su
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoju Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqing Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijun Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Fan Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Furong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
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Chung JH, Song GC, Ryu CM. Sweet scents from good bacteria: Case studies on bacterial volatile compounds for plant growth and immunity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:677-87. [PMID: 26177913 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial bacteria produce diverse chemical compounds that affect the behavior of other organisms including plants. Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) contribute to triggering plant immunity and promoting plant growth. Previous studies investigated changes in plant physiology caused by in vitro application of the identified volatile compounds or the BVC-emitting bacteria. This review collates new information on BVC-mediated plant-bacteria airborne interactions, addresses unresolved questions about the biological relevance of BVCs, and summarizes data on recently identified BVCs that improve plant growth or protection. Recent explorations of bacterial metabolic engineering to alter BVC production using heterologous or endogenous genes are introduced. Molecular genetic approaches can expand the BVC repertoire of beneficial bacteria to target additional beneficial effects, or simply boost the production level of naturally occurring BVCs. The effects of direct BVC application in soil are reviewed and evaluated for potential large-scale field and agricultural applications. Our review of recent BVC data indicates that BVCs have great potential to serve as effective biostimulants and bioprotectants even under open-field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-hui Chung
- Molecular Phytobactriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea
| | - Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobactriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobactriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea.
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea.
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Zhang L, Guo Z, Chen J, Xu Q, Lin H, Hu K, Guan X, Shen Y. Mechanism of 2,3-butanediol stereoisomers formation in a newly isolated Serratia sp. T241. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19257. [PMID: 26753612 PMCID: PMC4709696 DOI: 10.1038/srep19257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia sp. T241, a newly isolated xylose-utilizing strain, produced three 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) stereoisomers. In this study, three 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases (BDH1-3) and one glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) involved in 2,3-BD isomers formation by Serratia sp. T241 were identified. In vitro conversion showed BDH1 and BDH2 could catalyzed (3S)-acetoin and (3R)-acetoin into (2S,3S)-2,3-BD and meso-2,3-BD, while BDH3 and GDH exhibited the activities from (3S)-acetoin and (3R)-acetoin to meso-2,3-BD and (2R,3R)-2,3-BD. Four encoding genes were assembled into E. coli with budA (acetolactate decarboxylase) and budB (acetolactate synthase), responsible for converting pyruvate into acetoin. E. coli expressing budAB-bdh1/2 produced meso-2,3-BD and (2S,3S)-2,3-BD. Correspondingly, (2R,3R)-2,3-BD and meso-2,3-BD were obtained by E. coli expressing budAB-bdh3/gdh. These results suggested four enzymes might contribute to 2,3-BD isomers formation. Mutants of four genes were developed in Serratia sp. T241. Δbdh1 led to reduced concentration of meso-2,3-BD and (2S,3S)-2,3-BD by 97.7% and 87.9%. (2R,3R)-2,3-BD with a loss of 73.3% was produced by Δbdh3. Enzyme activity assays showed the decrease of 98.4% and 22.4% by Δbdh1 and Δbdh3 compared with the wild strain. It suggested BDH1 and BDH3 played important roles in 2,3-BD formation, BDH2 and GDH have small effects on 2,3-BD production by Serratia sp. T241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Zewang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Jiebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Quanming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Kaihui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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Reis MM, Reis MG, Mills J, Ross C, Brightwell G. Characterization of volatile metabolites associated with confinement odour during the shelf-life of vacuum packed lamb meat under different storage conditions. Meat Sci 2015; 113:80-91. [PMID: 26624794 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Confinement odour was investigated. Volatiles were extracted directly from the pack, using solid phase microextraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sensory evaluation and microbiological analysis of the meat surface were also performed. Commercial samples of vacuum packed lamb legs (n=85), from two meat processing plants, were kept for 7weeks at -1.5°C then at different regimes of temperature (-1.5 to +4°C) until 11, 12 or 13weeks. Persistent odour was observed in 66% of samples, confinement odour in 24% and no odour in 11%. Volatiles associated with confinement odour (3-methyl-butanal, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and sulphur dioxide) corresponded with end/sub products of glucose fermentation and catabolism of amino acids by bacteria (all bacteria naturally found in meat and do not represent a risk to health). Confinement odour could indicate a stage at which the environment for bacteria growth is becoming favourable for the production of volatiles with strong odours that are noticed by the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon M Reis
- Food Assurance and Meat Science Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Mariza G Reis
- Dairy Foods Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - John Mills
- Food Assurance and Meat Science Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Corner University Ave and Library Road, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Colleen Ross
- Food Assurance and Meat Science Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- Food Assurance and Meat Science Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Corner University Ave and Library Road, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Tan Y, Liu ZY, Liu Z, Li FL. Characterization of an acetoin reductase/2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Clostridium ljungdahlii DSM 13528. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 79-80:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Engineered Serratia marcescens for efficient (3R)-acetoin and (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:779-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
(3R)-Acetoin and (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol are important pharmaceutical intermediates. However, until now, the quantity of natural microorganisms with the ability to produce single configuration of optically pure (3R)-acetoin and (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol is rare. In this study, a meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase encoded by the slaC gene from Serratia marcescens MG1 was identified for meso-2,3-butanediol and (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol biosynthesis. Inactivation of the slaC gene could significantly decrease meso-2,3-butanediol and (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol and result in a large quantity of (3R)-acetoin accumulation. Furthermore, a (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase encoded by the bdhA gene from Bacillus subtilis 168 was introduced into the slaC mutant strain of Serratia marcescens MG1. Excess (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase could accelerate the reaction from (3R)-acetoin to (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and lead to (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol accumulation. In fed-batch fermentation, the excess (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase expression strain could produce 89.81 g/l (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol with a productivity of 1.91 g/l/h at 48 h. These results provided potential applications for (3R)-acetoin and (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol production.
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Vivijs B, Moons P, Aertsen A, Michiels CW. Acetoin synthesis acquisition favors Escherichia coli growth at low pH. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6054-61. [PMID: 25063653 PMCID: PMC4178668 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01711-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some members of the family Enterobacteriaceae ferment sugars via the mixed-acid fermentation pathway. This yields large amounts of acids, causing strong and sometimes even lethal acidification of the environment. Other family members employ the 2,3-butanediol fermentation pathway, which generates comparatively less acidic and more neutral end products, such as acetoin and 2,3-butanediol. In this work, we equipped Escherichia coli MG1655 with the budAB operon, encoding the acetoin pathway, from Serratia plymuthica RVH1 and investigated how this affected the ability of E. coli to cope with acid stress during growth. Acetoin fermentation prevented lethal medium acidification by E. coli in lysogeny broth (LB) supplemented with glucose. It also supported growth and higher stationary-phase cell densities in acidified LB broth with glucose (pH 4.10 to 4.50) and in tomato juice (pH 4.40 to 5.00) and reduced the minimal pH at which growth could be initiated. On the other hand, the acetoin-producing strain was outcompeted by the nonproducer in a mixed-culture experiment at low pH, suggesting a fitness cost associated with acetoin production. Finally, we showed that acetoin production profoundly changes the appearance of E. coli on several diagnostic culture media. Natural E. coli strains that have laterally acquired budAB genes may therefore have escaped detection thus far. This study demonstrates the potential importance of acetoin fermentation in the ecology of E. coli in the food chain and contributes to a better understanding of the microbiological stability and safety of acidic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Vivijs
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Moons
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abram Aertsen
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris W Michiels
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Cloning, expression and characterization of glycerol dehydrogenase involved in 2,3-butanediol formation in Serratia marcescens H30. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:1319-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (meso-BDH) from S. marcescens H30 is responsible for converting acetoin into 2,3-butanediol during sugar fermentation. Inactivation of the meso-BDH encoded by budC gene does not completely abolish 2,3-butanediol production, which suggests that another similar enzyme involved in 2,3-butanediol formation exists in S. marcescens H30. In the present study, a glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) encoded by gldA gene from S. marcescens H30 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), purified and characterized for its properties. In vitro conversion indicated that the purified GDH could catalyze the interconversion of (3S)-acetoin/meso-2,3-butanediol and (3R)-acetoin/(2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol. (2S,3S)-2,3-Butanediol was not a substrate for the GDH at all. Kinetic parameters of the GDH enzyme showed lower K m value and higher catalytic efficiency for (3S/3R)-acetoin in comparison to those for (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and meso-2,3-butanediol, implying its physiological role in favor of 2,3-butanediol formation. Maximum activity for reduction of (3S/3R)-acetoin and oxidations of meso-2,3-butanediol and glycerol was observed at pH 8.0, while it was pH 7.0 for diacetyl reduction. The enzyme exhibited relative high thermotolerance with optimum temperature of 60 °C in the oxidation–reduction reactions. Over 60 % of maximum activity was retained at 70 °C. Additionally, the GDH activity was significantly enhanced for meso-2,3-BD oxidation in the presence of Fe2+ and for (3S/3R)-acetoin reduction in the presence of Mn2+, while several cations inhibited its activity, particularly Fe2+ and Fe3+ for (3S/3R)-acetoin reduction. The properties provided potential application for single configuration production of acetoin and 2,3-butanediol .
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Nakashima N, Akita H, Hoshino T. Establishment of a novel gene expression method, BICES (biomass-inducible chromosome-based expression system), and its application to the production of 2,3-butanediol and acetoin. Metab Eng 2014; 25:204-14. [PMID: 25108217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a novel method for producing valuable chemicals from glucose and xylose in Escherichia coli. The notable features in our method are avoidance of plasmids and expensive inducers for foreign gene expression to reduce production costs; foreign genes are knocked into the chromosome, and their expression is induced with xylose that is present in most biomass feedstock. As loci for the gene knock-in, lacZYA and some pseudogenes are chosen to minimize unexpected effects of the knock-in on cell physiology. The promoter of xylF is inducible with xylose and is combined with the T7 RNA polymerase-T7 promoter system to ensure strong gene expression. This expression system was named BICES (biomass-inducible chromosome-based expression system). As examples of BICES application, 2,3-butanediol and acetoin were successfully produced from glucose and xylose, and the maximal concentrations reached 54gL(-1) [99.6% in (R,S)-form] and 31gL(-1), respectively. 2,3-Butanediol and acetoin are industrially important chemicals that are, at present, produced primarily through petrochemical processes. To demonstrate usability of BICES in practical situations, we produced these chemicals from a saccharified cedar solution. From these results, we can conclude that BICES is suitable for practical production of valuable chemicals from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Nakashima
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M6-5 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Hironaga Akita
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Hoshino
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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Characterization of acetoin production in a budC gene disrupted mutant of Serratia marcescens G12. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1267-74. [PMID: 24879481 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) dehydrogenase gene budC of Serratia marcescens G12 was disrupted to construct the acetoin (AC) producing strain G12M. In shake-flask cultures, AC production was enhanced by increased concentrations of glucose or sodium acetate in G12M. In fed-batch fermentation, G12M produced 47.5 g/L AC along with 9.8 g/L 2,3-BD. The expression of the key enzymes for AC synthesis was further investigated. Alpha-acetolactate synthase gene budB decreased its expression significantly in G12M compared with G12. This probably explained the moderate AC production in G12M cultures. Additionally, overexpression of budB gene and α-acetolactate decarboxylase gene budA was conducted in G12M and no significant increase of AC was observed. The results suggested that intracellular AC accumulation might inhibit the expression of budB and budA gene and induce budC gene expression in G12M. Our analyses offered the bases for further genetic manipulations in improving AC production in microbial fermentations.
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Yen HW, Li FT, Chang JS. The influences of pH control strategies on the distribution of 1,3-propanediols and 2,3-butanediols production by an isolated indigenous Klebsiella sp. Ana-WS5. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 159:292-296. [PMID: 24657761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the simultaneous biological production of 1,3-propanediols (PDO) and 2,3-butanediols (BDO), glycerol was suggested to be a suitable carbon source. Extra addition of 10 g/L of lactic acid can create about a 30% increase in total diols production compared to the control batch. Several different pH control strategies were investigated. The results indicated that the batch with the uncontrolled pH had the highest total diols production among all pH control strategies, although it had the lowest productivity. Even the strategy of pH fluctuation did not enhance total diols production, it significantly enhanced the productivity. The soluble metabolite products (SMPs) analysis also indicated that the pH fluctuation will only affect BDO production, but had no impacts on the induction of more metabolites produced. Conclusively, both adding lactic acid and the pH fluctuation strategy are simple and efficient methods of simultaneously enhancing BDO and PDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Yen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Tzu Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Xiao Z, Lu JR. Strategies for enhancing fermentative production of acetoin: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:492-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Qi G, Kang Y, Li L, Xiao A, Zhang S, Wen Z, Xu D, Chen S. Deletion of meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene budC for enhanced D-2,3-butanediol production in Bacillus licheniformis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:16. [PMID: 24475980 PMCID: PMC3909405 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND D-2,3-butanediol has many industrial applications such as chiral reagents, solvents, anti-freeze agents, and low freezing point fuels. Traditional D-2,3-butanediol producing microorganisms, such as Klebsiella pneumonia and K. xoytoca, are pathogenic and not capable of producing D-2,3-butanediol at high optical purity. Bacillus licheniformis is a potential 2,3-butanediol producer but the wild type strain (WX-02) produces a mix of D- and meso-type isomers. BudC in B. licheniformis is annotated as 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase or acetoin reductase, but no pervious experiment was performed to verify this hypothesis. RESULTS We developed a genetically modified strain of B. licheniformis (WX-02 ΔbudC) as a D-2,3-butanediol producer with high optimal purity. A marker-less gene deletion protocol based on a temperature sensitive knock-out plasmid T2-Ori was used to knock out the budC gene in B. licheniformis WX-02. The budC knock-out strain successfully abolished meso-2,3-butanediol production with enhanced D-2,3-butanediol production. No meso-BDH activity was detectable in cells of this strain. On the other hand, the complementary strain restored the characteristics of wild strain, and produced meso-2,3-butanediol and possessed meso-BDH activity. All of these data suggested that budC encoded the major meso-BDH catalyzing the reversible reaction from acetoin to meso-2,3-butanediol in B. licheniformis. The budC knock-out strain produced D-2,3-butanediol isomer only with a high yield of 30.76 g/L and a productivity of 1.28 g/L-h. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the hypothesis that budC gene is responsible to reversibly transfer acetoin to meso-2,3-butanediol in B. licheniformis. A mutant strain of B. licheniformis with depleted budC gene was successfully developed and produced high level of the D-2,3-butanediol with high optimal purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanfang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aifang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Identification of acetoin reductases involved in 2,3-butanediol pathway in Klebsiella oxytoca. J Biotechnol 2013; 172:59-66. [PMID: 24389066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The acetoin reductase (AR) of Klebsiella oxytoca is responsible for converting acetoin into 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) during sugar fermentation. Deleting the AR encoding gene (budC) in the 2,3-BDO operon does not block production of 2,3-BDO, as another similar gene exists in addition to budC called diacetyl/acetoin reductase (dar) which shares 53% identity with budC. In the present study, both budC and dar of K. oxytoca were independently cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli along with budA (acetolactate decarboxylase) and budB (acetolactate synthase), which are responsible for converting pyruvate into acetoin. The recombinant E. coli expressing budABC and budAB-dar produced 2,3-BDO from glucose but E. coli expressing only budAB did not and produced acetoin alone. This demonstrates that Dar functions similar to BudC. Mutants of budC, dar, and both genes together were developed in K. oxytoca ΔldhA (lactate dehydrogenase). K. oxytoca ΔldhA ΔbudC Δdar, deficient in both AR genes, showed reduced 2,3-BDO concentration when compared to K. oxytoca ΔldhA and K. oxytoca ΔldhA ΔbudC by 84% and 69%, respectively. Interestingly, K. oxytoca ΔldhA Δdar resulted in a significant reduction in the reversible conversion of 2,3-BDO into acetoin than that of K. oxytoca ΔldhA, which was observed in a glucose depleted fermentation culture. In addition, we observed that Dar played a key role in dissimilation of 2,3-BDO in media containing 2,3-BDO alone.
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Wong CL, Yen HW, Lin CL, Chang JS. Effects of pH and fermentation strategies on 2,3-butanediol production with an isolated Klebsiella sp. Zmd30 strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:169-176. [PMID: 24291317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of pH-controlled and fermentation strategies on 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) production by an isolated Klebsiella sp. Zmd30 strain. The pH value of 6.0 was found to be optimal among the investigated range of 4.5-9.0. In batch fermentation, the concentration, productivity and yield of 2,3-BDO were 57.17 g/l, 1.59 g/l/h and 82%, respectively. The 2,3-BDO production by Klebsiella sp. Zmd30 was found to be growth-associated. Higher 2,3-BDO concentration (110 g/l) and yield (94%) was obtained by using fed-batch operation, but the productivity was lower (0.88 g/l/h) as compared to that when using batch operation. The highest 2,3-BDO productivity of 2.81 g/l/h was obtained with the continuous culture at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12h. The results suggest that fed-batch operation might be most suitable for commercialized 2,3-BDO production, due to obtaining a high concentration and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Ling Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Yen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Liang Lin
- Solvent and Chemical Business Division, CPC Corporation, Taiwan, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Wang X, Lv M, Zhang L, Li K, Gao C, Ma C, Xu P. Efficient bioconversion of 2,3-butanediol into acetoin using Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 2003. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:155. [PMID: 24176113 PMCID: PMC4177140 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3-Butanediol is a platform and fuel biochemical that can be efficiently produced from biomass. However, a value-added process for this chemical has not yet been developed. To expand the utilization of 2,3-butanediol produced from biomass, an improved derivative process of 2,3-butanediol is desirable. RESULTS In this study, a Gluconobacter oxydans strain DSM 2003 was found to have the ability to transform 2,3-butanediol into acetoin, a high value feedstock that can be widely used in dairy and cosmetic products, and chemical synthesis. All three stereoisomers, meso-2,3-butanediol, (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol, and (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol, could be transformed into acetoin by the strain. After optimization of the bioconversion conditions, the optimum growth temperature for acetoin production by strain DSM 2003 was found to be 30°C and the medium pH was 6.0. With an initial 2,3-butanediol concentration of 40 g/L, acetoin at a high concentration of 89.2 g/L was obtained from 2,3-butanediol by fed-batch bioconversion with a high productivity (1.24 g/L · h) and high yield (0.912 mol/mol). CONCLUSIONS G. oxydans DSM 2003 is the first strain that can be used in the direct production of acetoin from 2,3-butanediol. The product concentration and yield of the novel process are both new records for acetoin production. The results demonstrate that the method developed in this study could provide a promising process for efficient acetoin production and industrially produced 2,3-butanediol utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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Yen HW, Li FT, Wong CL, Chang JS. The pH effects on the distribution of 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol produced simultaneously by using an isolated indigenous Klebsiella sp. Ana-WS5. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:425-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A new NAD(H)-dependent meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from an industrially potential strain Serratia marcescens H30. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1175-84. [PMID: 23666479 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The budC gene coding for a new meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH) from Serratia marcescens H30 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), purified, and characterized for its properties. The recombinant BDH with a molecular weight of 27.4 kDa exhibited a reversible transformation between acetoin and 2,3-butanediol. In the presence of NADH, BDH could catalyze the reduction of diacetyl and (3R)-acetoin to (3S)-acetoin and meso-2,3-butanediol, respectively, while (3S)-acetoin as a substrate could be further transformed into (2S, 3S)-2,3-butanediol at pH 9.0. For diol oxidation reactions, (3R)-acetoin and (3S)-acetoin were obtained when meso-2,3-butanediol and (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol were used as the substrates with BDH and NAD(+). (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol was not a substrate for the BDH at all. The low K m value (4.1 mM) in meso-2,3-butanediol oxidation reaction and no activity for diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol as the substrates with NADP(+)/NADPH suggested that the budC gene product belongs to a NAD(H)-dependent meso-2,3-BDH. Maximum activities for diacetyl and (3S/3R)-acetoin reduction were observed at pH 8.0 and pH 5.0 while for meso-2,3-butanediol oxidation it was pH 8.0. However, the optimum temperature for oxidation and reduction reactions was about 40 °C. In addition, the BDH activity for meso-2,3-butanediol oxidation was enhanced in the presence of Fe(2+) and for diacetyl and (3S/3R)-acetoin reduction in the presence of Mg(2+) and Mn(2+), while several metal ions inhibited its activity, particularly Fe(3+) for reduction of diacetyl and acetoin. Sequence analysis showed that the BDH from S. marcescens H30 possessed two conserved sequences including the coenzyme binding motif (GxxxGxG) and the active-site motif (YxxxK), which are present in the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily.
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Sun JA, Zhang LY, Rao B, Shen YL, Wei DZ. Enhanced acetoin production by Serratia marcescens H32 with expression of a water-forming NADH oxidase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 119:94-98. [PMID: 22728188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor engineering was employed to enhance production of acetoin by Serratia marcescens H32. 2,3-Butanediol was a major byproduct of acetoin fermentation by S. marcescens H32. In order to decrease 2,3-butanediol formation and achieve a high efficiency of acetoin production, nox gene encoding a water-forming NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus brevis was expressed. Batch fermentations suggested the expression of the NADH oxidase could increase the intracellular NAD(+) concentration (1.5-fold) and NAD(+)/NADH ratio (2.9-fold). Meanwhile, 2,3-butanediol was significantly decreased (52%), and the accumulation of acetoin was enhanced (33%) accordingly. By fed-batch culture of the engineered strain, the final acetoin titer up to 75.2g/l with the productivity of 1.88 g/(lh) was obtained. To the best of our knowledge, these results were new records on acetoin fermentation ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-An Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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