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Mellini M, Letizia M, Leoni L, Rampioni G. Whole-Cell Biosensors for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Quorum Sensing Signal Molecules and the Investigation of Quorum Quenching Agents. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2721:55-67. [PMID: 37819515 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3473-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In Pseudomonas aeruginosa relevant features including virulence and biofilm formation are controlled by quorum sensing (QS), a cell density-dependent intercellular communication system based on the production and response to signal molecules. P. aeruginosa has evolved chemically distinct compounds employed as QS signal molecules (QSSMs) that can be detected and quantified through rapid, sensitive, and low-cost methods based on whole-cell biosensors. Here, we present a series of protocols based on whole-cell biosensors for qualitative and quantitative analysis of QSSMs produced by P. aeruginosa. These protocols can be used to investigate the impact of environmental conditions, genetic modifications, or quorum quenching agents on the production of QSSMs in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mellini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Livia Leoni
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Rampioni
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Shteindel N, Gerchman Y. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mobbing-Like Behavior against Acanthamoeba castellanii Bacterivore and Its Rapid Control by Quorum Sensing and Environmental Cues. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0064221. [PMID: 34851177 PMCID: PMC8635135 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00642-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobbing, group attack of prey on predator, is a behavior seen in many animal species in which prey animals use numbers and coordination to counter individually superior predators. We studied attack behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toward the bacterivore Acanthamoeba castellanii. This behavior consists of directed motility toward and specific adhesion to the predator cells, enacted in seconds and responding to both prey and predator population densities. Attack coordination relies on remote sensing of the predator and the use of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS), a P. aeruginosa species-specific quorum sensing molecule. Mutants unable to produce the PQS show unspecific adhesion and reduced survival, and a corresponding increase in predator population occurs as a result of predation. The addition of an external PQS restored some predator-specific adherence within seconds, suggesting a novel response mechanism to this quorum sensing (QS) signal. Fast behavioral response of P. aeruginosa to PQS is also supported by the rate of signal accumulation in the culture, reaching relevant concentrations within minutes, enabling bacteria response to self population density in these short timescales. These results portray a well-regulated group attack of the bacteria against their predator, reacting within seconds to environmental cues and species-specific signaling, which is analogous in many ways to animal mobbing behavior. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown previously to attack amoebae and other predators by adhering to them and injecting them with virulent substances. In this work, we show that an active, coordinated group behavior is enacted by the bacteria to utilize these molecular components, responding to both predator and bacterial population density. In addition to their ecological significance, immediate behavioral changes observed in response to PQS suggest the existence of a fast QS signal cascade, which is different from canonical QS that relies on slow-to-respond gene regulation. Similar regulatory circuits may drive other bacterial adaptations and pathogenicity mechanisms and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Shteindel
- Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Biology, Oranim College, Kiryat Tivon, Israel
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3
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Biological and clinical significance of quorum sensing alkylquinolones: current analytical and bioanalytical methods for their quantification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4599-4618. [PMID: 33959788 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a sophisticated bacterial communication system which plays a key role in the virulence and biofilm formation of many pathogens. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS network consists of four sets of connected systems (las, rlh, pqs and iqs) hierarchically organized. The pqs system involves characteristic autoinducers (AI), most of them sharing an alkylquinolone (AQ) structure, and is able to carry out several relevant biological functions besides its main signalling activity. Their role in bacterial physiology and pathogenicity has been widely studied. Indeed, the presence of these metabolites in several body fluids and infected tissues has pointed to their potential value as biomarkers of infection. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings about the biological implications and the clinical significance of the main P. aeruginosa AQs. These findings have encouraged the development of analytical and bioanalytical techniques addressed to assess the role of these metabolites in bacterial growth and survival, during pathogenesis or as biomarkers of infections. The availability of highly sensitive reliable analytical methods suitable for clinical analysis would allow getting knowledge about pathogenesis and disease prognosis or progression, supporting clinicians on the decision-making process for the management of these infections and guiding them on the application of more effective and appropriate treatments. The benefits from the implementation of the point-of-care (PoC)-type testing in infectious disease diagnostics, which are seen to improve patient outcomes by promoting earlier therapeutic interventions, are also discussed.
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4
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Montagut E, Martin-Gomez MT, Marco MP. An Immunochemical Approach to Quantify and Assess the Potential Value of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal as a Biomarker of Infection. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4859-4866. [PMID: 33691411 PMCID: PMC8479725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial cell density-based communication system using low molecular weight signals called autoinducers (AIs). Identification and quantification of these molecules could provide valuable information related to the stage of colonization or infection as well as the stage of the disease. With this scenario, we report here for the first time the development of antibodies against the PQS (pseudomonas quinolone signal), the main signaling molecule from the pqs QS system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the development of a microplate-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) able of quantifying this molecule in complex biological media in the low nanometer range (LOD, 0.36 ± 0.14 nM in culture broth media). Moreover, the PQS ELISA here reported has been found to be robust and reliable, providing accurate results in culture media. The technique allowed us to follow up the PQS profile of the release of bacterial clinical isolates obtained from patients of different disease status. A clear correlation was found between the PQS immunoreactivity equivalents and the chronic or acute infection conditions, which supports the reported differences on virulence and behavior of these bacterial strains due to their adaptation capability to the host environment. The results obtained point to the potential of the PQS as a biomarker of infection and to the value of the antibodies and the technology developed for improving diagnosis and management of P. aeruginosa infections based on the precise identification of the pathogen, appropriate stratification of the patients according to their disease status, and knowledge of the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique
J. Montagut
- Nanobiotechnology
for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC)
of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Martin-Gomez
- Microbiology
Department, Vall d’Hebron University
Hospital (VHUH), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics
and Microbiology Department, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology
for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC)
of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Montagut EJ, Vilaplana L, Martin-Gomez MT, Marco MP. High-Throughput Immunochemical Method to Assess the 2-Heptyl-4-quinolone Quorum Sensing Molecule as a Potential Biomarker of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3237-3246. [PMID: 33210530 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is being contemplated as a promising target for developing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Here we report for the first time the development of antibodies against 2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ), a signaling molecule from the pqs QS system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, involved in the production of important virulent factors and biofilm formation. The antibodies produced were used to develop an immunochemical diagnostic approach to assess the potential of this molecule as a biomarker of P. aeruginosa infection. The ELISA developed is able to reach a detectability in the low nM range (IC50 = 4.59 ± 0.29 nM and LOD = 0.34 ± 0.13 nM), even in complex biological samples such as Müeller Hinton (MH) culture media. The ELISA developed is robust and reproducible and has been found to be specific to HHQ, with little interference from other related alkylquinolones from the pqs QS system. The ELISA has been used to analyze the HHQ production kinetics of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates grown in MH media, pointing to its potential as a biomarker of infection and at the possibility to use the technology developed to obtain additional information about the disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique J. Montagut
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluisa Vilaplana
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Martin-Gomez
- Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (VHUH), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics and Microbiology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Liang L, Sproule A, Haltli B, Marchbank DH, Berrué F, Overy DP, McQuillan K, Lanteigne M, Duncan N, Correa H, Kerr RG. Discovery of a New Natural Product and a Deactivation of a Quorum Sensing System by Culturing a "Producer" Bacterium With a Heat-Killed "Inducer" Culture. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3351. [PMID: 30705672 PMCID: PMC6344404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe a modified bacterial culture methodology as a tool to discover new natural products via supplementing actinomycete fermentation media with autoclaved cultures of “inducer” microbes. Using seven actinomycetes and four inducer microbes, we detected 28 metabolites that were induced in UHPLC-HRESIMS-based analysis of bacterial fermentations. Metabolomic analysis indicated that each inducer elicited a unique response from the actinomycetes and that some chemical responses were specific to each inducer-producer combination. Among these 28 metabolites, hydrazidomycin D, a new hydrazide-containing natural product was isolated from the pair Streptomyces sp. RKBH-B178 and Mycobacterium smegmatis. This result validated the effectiveness of the strategy in discovering new natural products. From the same set of induced metabolites, an in-depth investigation of a fermentation of Streptomyces sp. RKBH-B178 and autoclaved Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to the discovery of a glucuronidated analog of the pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS). We demonstrated that RKBH-B178 is able to biotransform the P. aeruginosa quorum sensing molecules, 2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ), and PQS to form PQS-GlcA. Further, PQS-GlcA was shown to have poor binding affinity to PqsR, the innate receptor of HHQ and PQS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Brad Haltli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Douglas H Marchbank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Fabrice Berrué
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David P Overy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Martin Lanteigne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Noelle Duncan
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Russell G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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7
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New methodologies in screening of antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods: Biosensors. Talanta 2017; 175:435-442. [PMID: 28842013 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are leading medicine asset for fighting against microbial infection, but also one of the important causes of death worldwide. Many antibiotics used as therapeutics and growth promotion agents in animals can lead to antibiotic residues in animal-derived food which harm the health of people. Hence, it is vital to screen antibiotic residues in animal derived foods. Typical methods for screening antibiotic residues are based on microbiological growth inhibition and immunological analyses. However these two methods have some disadvantages, such as poor sensitive, lack of specificity and etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple, more efficient and high sensitive screening methods of antibiotic residues. These assays have been introduced for the screening of numerous food samples. Biosensors are emerging methods, applied in screening antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods. Two types of biosensors, whole-cell based biosensors and surface plasmon resonance-based sensors have been extensively used. Their advantages include portability, small sample requirement, high sensitivity and good specificity over the traditional screening methods.
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8
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Buzid A, Reen FJ, Langsi VK, Muimhneacháin EÓ, O'Gara F, McGlacken GP, Luong JHT, Glennon JD. Direct and Rapid Electrochemical Detection ofPseudomonas aeruginosaQuorum Signaling Molecules in Bacterial Cultures and Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Samples through Cationic Surfactant-Assisted Membrane Disruption. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyah Buzid
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC); University College Cork, Western Road, Cork (Ireland)
- Department of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF); University College Cork; College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
| | - F. Jerry Reen
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology; University College Cork; College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
| | - Victor K. Langsi
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC); University College Cork, Western Road, Cork (Ireland)
- Department of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF); University College Cork; College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
| | - Eoin Ó Muimhneacháin
- Department of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF); University College Cork; College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology; University College Cork; College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Curtin Health Innovation Research Curtin University; Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Gerard P. McGlacken
- Department of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF); University College Cork; College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
| | - John H. T. Luong
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC); University College Cork, Western Road, Cork (Ireland)
- Department of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF); University College Cork; College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
| | - Jeremy D. Glennon
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC); University College Cork, Western Road, Cork (Ireland)
- Department of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF); University College Cork; College Road Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
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9
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Buzid A, Shang F, Reen FJ, Muimhneacháin EÓ, Clarke SL, Zhou L, Luong JHT, O'Gara F, McGlacken GP, Glennon JD. Molecular Signature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Simultaneous Nanomolar Detection of Quorum Sensing Signaling Molecules at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30001. [PMID: 27427496 PMCID: PMC4948026 DOI: 10.1038/srep30001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroanalysis was performed using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the simultaneous detection of 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (HHQ) and pyocyanin (PYO). PQS and its precursor HHQ are two important signal molecules produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while PYO is a redox active toxin involved in virulence and pathogenesis. This Gram-negative and opportunistic human pathogen is associated with a hospital-acquired infection particularly in patients with compromised immunity and is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Early detection is crucial in the clinical management of this pathogen, with established infections entering a biofilm lifestyle that is refractory to conventional antibiotic therapies. Herein, a detection procedure was optimized and proven for the simultaneous detection of PYO, HHQ and PQS in standard mixtures, biological samples, and P. aeruginosa spiked CF sputum samples with remarkable sensitivity, down to nanomolar levels. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) scans were also applicable for monitoring the production of PYO, HHQ and PQS in P. aeruginosa PA14 over 8 h of cultivation. The simultaneous detection of these three compounds represents a molecular signature specific to this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyah Buzid
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Ireland.,Department of Chemistry and Analytical &Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Fengjun Shang
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Ireland.,Department of Chemistry and Analytical &Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - F Jerry Reen
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Ó Muimhneacháin
- Department of Chemistry and Analytical &Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah L Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Analytical &Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Lin Zhou
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Ireland.,Department of Chemistry and Analytical &Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John H T Luong
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Ireland.,Department of Chemistry and Analytical &Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard P McGlacken
- Department of Chemistry and Analytical &Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Jeremy D Glennon
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Ireland.,Department of Chemistry and Analytical &Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
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10
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Rhodococcus erythropolis BG43 Genes Mediating Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quinolone Signal Degradation and Virulence Factor Attenuation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7720-9. [PMID: 26319870 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02145-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus erythropolis BG43 is able to degrade the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal molecules PQS (Pseudomonas quinolone signal) [2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone] and HHQ [2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone] to anthranilic acid. Based on the hypothesis that degradation of HHQ might involve hydroxylation to PQS followed by dioxygenolytic cleavage of the heterocyclic ring and hydrolysis of the resulting N-octanoylanthranilate, the genome was searched for corresponding candidate genes. Two gene clusters, aqdA1B1C1 and aqdA2B2C2, each predicted to code for a hydrolase, a flavin monooxygenase, and a dioxygenase related to 1H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase, were identified on circular plasmid pRLCBG43 of strain BG43. Transcription of all genes was upregulated by PQS, suggesting that both gene clusters code for alkylquinolone-specific catabolic enzymes. An aqdR gene encoding a putative transcriptional regulator, which was also inducible by PQS, is located adjacent to the aqdA2B2C2 cluster. Expression of aqdA2B2C2 in Escherichia coli conferred the ability to degrade HHQ and PQS to anthranilic acid; however, for E. coli transformed with aqdA1B1C1, only PQS degradation was observed. Purification of the recombinant AqdC1 protein verified that it catalyzes the cleavage of PQS to form N-octanoylanthranilic acid and carbon monoxide and revealed apparent Km and kcat values for PQS of ∼27 μM and 21 s(-1), respectively. Heterologous expression of the PQS dioxygenase gene aqdC1 or aqdC2 in P. aeruginosa PAO1 quenched the production of the virulence factors pyocyanin and rhamnolipid and reduced the synthesis of the siderophore pyoverdine. Thus, the toolbox of quorum-quenching enzymes is expanded by new PQS dioxygenases.
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11
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Shang F, Muimhneacháin EÓ, Jerry Reen F, Buzid A, O’Gara F, Luong JH, Glennon JD, McGlacken GP. One step preparation and electrochemical analysis of IQS, a cell–cell communication signal in the nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4703-4707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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C De B, Meena DK, Behera BK, Das P, Das Mohapatra PK, Sharma AP. Probiotics in fish and shellfish culture: immunomodulatory and ecophysiological responses. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:921-971. [PMID: 24419543 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is emerging as one of the most viable and promising enterprises for keeping pace with the surging need for animal protein, providing nutritional and food security to humans, particularly those residing in regions where livestock is relatively scarce. With every step toward intensification of aquaculture practices, there is an increase in the stress level in the animal as well as the environment. Hence, disease outbreak is being increasingly recognized as one of the most important constraints to aquaculture production in many countries, including India. Conventionally, the disease control in aquaculture has relied on the use of chemical compounds and antibiotics. The development of non-antibiotic and environmentally friendly agents is one of the key factors for health management in aquaculture. Consequently, with the emerging need for environmentally friendly aquaculture, the use of alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in fish nutrition is now widely accepted. In recent years, probiotics have taken center stage and are being used as an unconventional approach that has numerous beneficial effects in fish and shellfish culture: improved activity of gastrointestinal microbiota and enhanced immune status, disease resistance, survival, feed utilization and growth performance. As natural products, probiotics have much potential to increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production. Therefore, comprehensive research to fully characterize the intestinal microbiota of prominent fish species, mechanisms of action of probiotics and their effects on the intestinal ecosystem, immunity, fish health and performance is reasonable. This review highlights the classifications and applications of probiotics in aquaculture. The review also summarizes the advancement and research highlights of the probiotic status and mode of action, which are of great significance from an ecofriendly, sustainable, intensive aquaculture point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidhan C De
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
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13
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TetR repressor-based bioreporters for the detection of doxycycline using Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter oleivorans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5039-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Fletcher M, Cámara M, Barrett DA, Williams P. Biosensors for qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of quorum sensing signal molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1149:245-254. [PMID: 24818910 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0473-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are biological tools that can be used to assay bacterial cultures for quorum sensing signal molecules (QSSMs) both qualitatively and semiquantitatively. QSSMs can be extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures using organic solvents and tentatively identified via thin layer chromatography in combination with biosensor overlays. Alternatively, QSSMs can be quantified in spent culture supernatants or solvent extracts using biosensor-based spectrophotometric, luminescence, or fluorescence assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fletcher
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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