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Xu W, Zhang X, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. A review of fructosyl-transferases from catalytic characteristics and structural features to reaction mechanisms and product specificity. Food Chem 2024; 440:138250. [PMID: 38154282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes are accountable for the synthesis and degradation of glycosidic bonds among diverse carbohydrates. Fructosyl-transferases represent a subclass of these enzymes, employing sucrose as a substrate to generate fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructan polymers. This category primarily includes levansucrase (LS, EC 2.4.1.10), inulosucrase (IS, EC 2.4.1.9), and β-fructofuranosidase (Ffase, EC 3.2.1.26). These three enzymes possess a similar five-bladed β-propeller fold and employ an anomer-retaining reaction mechanism mediated by nucleophiles, transition state stabilizers, and general acids/bases. However, they exhibit distinct product profiles, characterized by variations in linkage specificity and molecular mass distribution. Consequently, this article comprehensively explores recent advancements in the catalytic characteristics, structural features, reaction mechanisms, and product specificity of levansucrase, inulosucrase, and β-fructofuranosidase (abbreviated as LS, IS, and Ffase, respectively). Furthermore, it discusses the potential for modifying catalytic properties and product specificity through structure-based design, which enables the rational production of custom fructan and FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Wahab WAA, Shafey HI, Mahrous KF, Esawy MA, Saleh SAA. Coculture of bacterial levans and evaluation of its anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3173. [PMID: 38326332 PMCID: PMC10850072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This research represents a novel study to assess how coculture affects levan yield, structure, bioactivities, and molecular weight. Among the 16 honey isolates, four bacterial strains recorded the highest levan yield. The Plackett-Burman design showed that the coculture (M) of isolates G2 and K2 had the maximum levan yield (52 g/L) and the effective factors were sucrose, incubation time, and sugarcane bagasse. The CCD showed that the most proper concentrations for maximum levan yield (81 g/L): were 130 g/L of sucrose and 6 g/f of sugarcane bagasse. Levan's backbone was characterized, and the molecular weight was determined. G2 and K2 isolates were identified based on 16 sRNA as Bacillus megaterium strain YM1C10 and Rhizobium sp. G6-1. M levan had promising antioxidant activity (99.66%), slowed the migration activity to a great extent, and recorded 70.70% inhibition against the hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2) at 1000 µg/mL. Gene expression analysis in liver cancer cell lines (HePG2) revealed that M levan decreased the expression of CCL20), 2GRB2, and CCR6) genes and was superior to Doxo. While increasing the expression of the IL4R and IL-10 genes. The DNA damage values were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in treated liver cancer cell lines with levan M and Doxo. The results referred to the importance of each of the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and the molecular weight in levans bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Abdel Wahab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba I Shafey
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Esawy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shireen A A Saleh
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Vojnovic S, Aleksic I, Ilic-Tomic T, Stevanovic M, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Bacillus and Streptomyces spp. as hosts for production of industrially relevant enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:185. [PMID: 38289383 PMCID: PMC10827964 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The application of enzymes is expanding across diverse industries due to their nontoxic and biodegradable characteristics. Another advantage is their cost-effectiveness, reflected in reduced processing time, water, and energy consumption. Although Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus, and Streptomyces spp. are successfully used for production of industrially relevant enzymes, they still lag far behind Escherichia coli as hosts for recombinant protein production. Generally, proteins secreted by Bacillus and Streptomyces hosts are released into the culture medium; their native conformation is preserved and easier recovery process enabled. Given the resilience of both hosts in harsh environmental conditions and their spore-forming capability, a deeper understanding and broader use of Bacillus and Streptomyces as expression hosts could significantly enhance the robustness of industrial bioprocesses. This mini-review aims to compare two expression hosts, emphasizing their specific advantages in industrial surroundings such are chemical, detergent, textile, food, animal feed, leather, and paper industries. The homologous sources, heterologous hosts, and molecular tools used for the production of recombinant proteins in these hosts are discussed. The potential to use both hosts as biocatalysts is also evaluated. Undoubtedly, Bacillus and Streptomyces spp. as production hosts possess the potential to take on a more substantial role, providing superior (bio-based) process robustness and flexibility. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus and Streptomyces spp. as robust hosts for enzyme production. • Industrially relevant enzyme groups for production in alternative hosts highlighted. • Molecular biology techniques are enabling easier utilization of both hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Aleksic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ilic-Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia.
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Connor A, Zha RH, Koffas M. Production and secretion of recombinant spider silk in Bacillus megaterium. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:35. [PMID: 38279170 PMCID: PMC10821235 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silk proteins have emerged as versatile biomaterials with unique chemical and physical properties, making them appealing for various applications. Among them, spider silk, known for its exceptional mechanical strength, has attracted considerable attention. Recombinant production of spider silk represents the most promising route towards its scaled production; however, challenges persist within the upstream optimization of host organisms, including toxicity and low yields. The high cost of downstream cell lysis and protein purification is an additional barrier preventing the widespread production and use of spider silk proteins. Gram-positive bacteria represent an attractive, but underexplored, microbial chassis that may enable a reduction in the cost and difficulty of recombinant silk production through attributes that include, superior secretory capabilities, frequent GRAS status, and previously established use in industry. RESULTS In this study, we explore the potential of gram-positive hosts by engineering the first production and secretion of recombinant spider silk in the Bacillus genus. Using an industrially relevant B. megaterium host, it was found that the Sec secretion pathway enables secretory production of silk, however, the choice of signal sequence plays a vital role in successful secretion. Attempts at increasing secreted titers revealed that multiple translation initiation sites in tandem do not significantly impact silk production levels, contrary to previous findings for other gram-positive hosts and recombinant proteins. Notwithstanding, targeted amino acid supplementation in minimal media was found to increase production by 135% relative to both rich media and unaltered minimal media, yielding secretory titers of approximately 100 mg/L in flask cultures. CONCLUSION It is hypothesized that the supplementation strategy addressed metabolic bottlenecks, specifically depletion of ATP and NADPH within the central metabolism, that were previously observed for an E. coli host producing the same recombinant silk construct. Furthermore, this study supports the hypothesis that secretion mitigates the toxicity of the produced silk protein on the host organism and enhances host performance in glucose-based minimal media. While promising, future research is warranted to understand metabolic changes more precisely in the Bacillus host system in response to silk production, optimize signal sequences and promoter strengths, investigate the mechanisms behind the effect of tandem translation initiation sites, and evaluate the performance of this system within a bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Connor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - R Helen Zha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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Systems metabolic engineering upgrades Corynebacterium glutamicum to high-efficiency cis, cis-muconic acid production from lignin-based aromatics. Metab Eng 2023; 75:153-169. [PMID: 36563956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lignin displays a highly challenging renewable. To date, massive amounts of lignin, generated in lignocellulosic processing facilities, are for the most part merely burned due to lacking value-added alternatives. Aromatic lignin monomers of recognized relevance are in particular vanillin, and to a lesser extent vanillate, because they are accessible at high yield from softwood-lignin using industrially operated alkaline oxidative depolymerization. Here, we metabolically engineered C. glutamicum towards cis, cis-muconate (MA) production from these key aromatics. Starting from the previously created catechol-based producer C. glutamicum MA-2, systems metabolic engineering first discovered an unspecific aromatic aldehyde reductase that formed aromatic alcohols from vanillin, protocatechualdehyde, and p- hydroxybenzaldehyde, and was responsible for the conversion up to 57% of vanillin into vanillyl alcohol. The alcohol was not re-consumed by the microbe later, posing a strong drawback on the producer. The identification and subsequent elimination of the encoding fudC gene completely abolished vanillyl alcohol formation. Second, the initially weak flux through the native vanillin and vanillate metabolism was enhanced up to 2.9-fold by implementing synthetic pathway modules. Third, the most efficient protocatechuate decarboxylase AroY for conversion of the midstream pathway intermediate protocatechuate into catechol was identified out of several variants in native and codon optimized form and expressed together with the respective helper proteins. Fourth, the streamlined modules were all genomically combined which yielded the final strain MA-9. MA-9 produced bio-based MA from vanillin, vanillate, and seven structurally related aromatics at maximum selectivity. In addition, MA production from softwood-based vanillin, obtained through alkaline depolymerization, was demonstrated.
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Zhang Y, Gao S, Qi X, Zhu S, Xu S, Liang Y, Kong F, Yang S, Wang R, Wang Y, An Y. Novel biocatalytic strategy of levan: His-ELP-intein-tagged protein purification and biomimetic mineralization. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Mayer J, Knuuti T, Baumgarten L, Menke E, Bischoff L, Bunk B, Biedendieck R. Construction and Application of a Plasmid-Based Signal Peptide Library for Improved Secretion of Recombinant Proteins with Priestia megaterium. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040777. [PMID: 35456829 PMCID: PMC9032162 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretion of recombinant proteins plays an important role in their economic production and purification. The secretion efficiency depends on the responsible signal peptide (SP) in combination with the target protein and the given host and cannot be predicted so far. Due to its high plasmid stability, the lack of alkaline extracellular proteases and only few contaminating extracellular host proteins, Priestia megaterium provides a promising alternative to common Bacillus species. For the development of an easy and fast cloning and screening system to identify the SP best suited to a distinct protein, a plasmid-based SP library containing all predicted 182 Sec-dependent SPs from P. megaterium was established. The splitting of the SPs into 10 groups of individual multi-SP plasmids (pMSPs) allows their grouped amplification and application in screening approaches. The functionality of the whole library was demonstrated by enhancing the amount of the already well-secreted α-amylase AmyE by 1.6-fold. The secretion of a novel penicillin G acylase, which remained as insoluble protein inside the cells, as its native SP is unsuitable for secretion in P. megaterium, could be enhanced even up to 29-fold. Overall, only around 170 recombinant P. megaterium clones based on 50 inserted SPs had to be screened to achieve sufficient amounts for further enzyme characterizations. Thus, this newly developed plasmid-based genetic tool applicable for P. megaterium and also other Bacillus species facilitates the identification of suitable SPs for secretion of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Mayer
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Tobias Knuuti
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Lisa Baumgarten
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Elise Menke
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Lena Bischoff
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Rebekka Biedendieck
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.M.); (T.K.); (L.B.); (E.M.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-531-391-55291
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The "beauty in the beast"-the multiple uses of Priestia megaterium in biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5719-5737. [PMID: 34263356 PMCID: PMC8390425 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Over 30 years, the Gram-positive bacterium Priestia megaterium (previously known as Bacillus megaterium) was systematically developed for biotechnological applications ranging from the production of small molecules like vitamin B12, over polymers like polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) up to the in vivo and in vitro synthesis of multiple proteins and finally whole-cell applications. Here we describe the use of the natural vitamin B12 (cobalamin) producer P. megaterium for the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway and the subsequent systematic knowledge-based development for production purposes. The formation of PHB, a natural product of P. megaterium and potential petro-plastic substitute, is covered and discussed. Further important biotechnological characteristics of P. megaterium for recombinant protein production including high protein secretion capacity and simple cultivation on value-added carbon sources are outlined. This includes the advanced system with almost 30 commercially available expression vectors for the intracellular and extracellular production of recombinant proteins at the g/L scale. We also revealed a novel P. megaterium transcription-translation system as a complementary and versatile biotechnological tool kit. As an impressive biotechnology application, the formation of various cytochrome P450 is also critically highlighted. Finally, whole cellular applications in plant protection are completing the overall picture of P. megaterium as a versatile giant cell factory. Key points • The use of Priestia megaterium for the biosynthesis of small molecules and recombinant proteins through to whole-cell applications is reviewed. • P. megaterium can act as a promising alternative host in biotechnological production processes.
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Fierros-Romero G, Gómez-Ramírez M, Sharma A, Pless RC, Rojas-Avelizapa NG. czcD gene from Bacillus megaterium and Microbacterium liquefaciens as a potential nickel-vanadium soil pollution biomarker. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 60:22-26. [PMID: 31692013 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metals are among the most prevalent pollutants released into the environment. For these reasons, the use of biomarkers for environmental monitoring of individuals and populations exposed to metal pollution has gained considerable attention, offering fast and sensitive detection of chemical stress in organisms. There are different metal resistance genes in bacteria that can be used as biomarkers, including cation diffusion facilitators carrying metal ions; the prototype is the cobalt-zinc-cadmium transporter (czcD). The present study reports the expression changes in the czcD gene in Bacillus megaterium and Microbacterium liquefaciens under nickel and vanadium exposure by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The nickel-vanadium-resistant strains of B. megaterium and M. liquefaciens used in this study were isolated from mine tailings in Guanajuato, Mexico. The czcD gene showed high expression under exposure to 200 ppm of Ni and 200 ppm of V during the logarithmic growth phase of M. liquefaciens in PHGII liquid media. In contrast, no changes were observed in B. megaterium during logarithmic and stationary growth, perhaps due to the gene having differential expression during the growth phases. The expression profiles obtained for czcD show the possibility of using this gene from M. liquefaciens as a biomarker of nickel and vanadium pollution in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grisel Fierros-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico.,School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Marlenne Gómez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Reynaldo C Pless
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Norma G Rojas-Avelizapa
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico
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10
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Salama BM, Helmy WA, Ragab TIM, Ali MM, Taie HAA, Esawy MA. Characterization of a new efficient low molecular weightBacillus subtilisNRC16levansucrase and its levan. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:1004-1015. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M. Salama
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and drug Industry Division; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Wafaa A. Helmy
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and drug Industry Division; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Tamer I. M. Ragab
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and drug Industry Division; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Hanan A. A. Taie
- Department of Plant Biochemistry; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Mona A. Esawy
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and drug Industry Division; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
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11
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Expanding the promoter toolbox of Bacillus megaterium. J Biotechnol 2019; 294:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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Xu W, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Zhang T, Mu W. Recent advances in Levansucrase and Inulosucrase: evolution, characteristics, and application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3630-3647. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1506421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Freedman AJE, Peet KC, Boock JT, Penn K, Prather KLJ, Thompson JR. Isolation, Development, and Genomic Analysis of Bacillus megaterium SR7 for Growth and Metabolite Production Under Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2152. [PMID: 30319556 PMCID: PMC6167967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is an attractive substitute for conventional organic solvents due to its unique transport and thermodynamic properties, its renewability and labile nature, and its high solubility for compounds such as alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes. However, biological systems that use scCO2 are mainly limited to in vitro processes due to its strong inhibition of cell viability and growth. To solve this problem, we used a bioprospecting approach to isolate a microbial strain with the natural ability to grow while exposed to scCO2. Enrichment culture and serial passaging of deep subsurface fluids from the McElmo Dome scCO2 reservoir in aqueous media under scCO2 headspace enabled the isolation of spore-forming strain Bacillus megaterium SR7. Sequencing and analysis of the complete 5.51 Mbp genome and physiological characterization revealed the capacity for facultative anaerobic metabolism, including fermentative growth on a diverse range of organic substrates. Supplementation of growth medium with L-alanine for chemical induction of spore germination significantly improved growth frequencies and biomass accumulation under scCO2 headspace. Detection of endogenous fermentative compounds in cultures grown under scCO2 represents the first observation of bioproduct generation and accumulation under this condition. Culturing development and metabolic characterization of B. megaterium SR7 represent initial advancements in the effort toward enabling exploitation of scCO2 as a sustainable solvent for in vivo bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. E. Freedman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kyle C. Peet
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jason T. Boock
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Penn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kristala L. J. Prather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Janelle R. Thompson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Rapid acquisition and model-based analysis of cell-free transcription-translation reactions from nonmodel bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4340-E4349. [PMID: 29666238 PMCID: PMC5948957 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715806115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Native cell-free transcription-translation systems offer a rapid route to characterize the regulatory elements (promoters, transcription factors) for gene expression from nonmodel microbial hosts, which can be difficult to assess through traditional in vivo approaches. One such host, Bacillus megaterium, is a giant Gram-positive bacterium with potential biotechnology applications, although many of its regulatory elements remain uncharacterized. Here, we have developed a rapid automated platform for measuring and modeling in vitro cell-free reactions and have applied this to B. megaterium to quantify a range of ribosome binding site variants and previously uncharacterized endogenous constitutive and inducible promoters. To provide quantitative models for cell-free systems, we have also applied a Bayesian approach to infer ordinary differential equation model parameters by simultaneously using time-course data from multiple experimental conditions. Using this modeling framework, we were able to infer previously unknown transcription factor binding affinities and quantify the sharing of cell-free transcription-translation resources (energy, ribosomes, RNA polymerases, nucleotides, and amino acids) using a promoter competition experiment. This allows insights into resource limiting-factors in batch cell-free synthesis mode. Our combined automated and modeling platform allows for the rapid acquisition and model-based analysis of cell-free transcription-translation data from uncharacterized microbial cell hosts, as well as resource competition within cell-free systems, which potentially can be applied to a range of cell-free synthetic biology and biotechnology applications.
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Grage K, McDermott P, Rehm BHA. Engineering Bacillus megaterium for production of functional intracellular materials. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:211. [PMID: 29166918 PMCID: PMC5700737 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last 10-15 years, a technology has been developed to engineer bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) inclusions as functionalized beads, for applications such as vaccines, diagnostics and enzyme immobilization. This has been achieved by translational fusion of foreign proteins to the PHB synthase (PhaC). The respective fusion protein mediates self-assembly of PHB inclusions displaying the desired protein function. So far, beads have mainly been produced in recombinant Escherichia coli, which is problematic for some applications as the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) co-purified with such inclusions are toxic to humans and animals. RESULTS In this study, we have bioengineered the formation of functional PHB inclusions in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium, an LPS-free and established industrial production host. As B. megaterium is a natural PHB producer, the PHB-negative strain PHA05 was used to avoid any background PHB production. Plasmid-mediated T7 promoter-driven expression of the genes encoding β-ketothiolase (phaA), acetoacetyl-CoA-reductase (phaB) and PHB synthase (phaC) enabled PHB production in B. megaterium PHA05. To produce functionalized PHB inclusions, the N- and C-terminus of PhaC was fused to four and two IgG binding Z-domains from Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The ZZ-domain PhaC fusion protein was strongly overproduced at the surface of the PHB inclusions and the corresponding isolated ZZ-domain displaying PHB beads were found to purify IgG with a binding capacity of 40-50 mg IgG/g beads. As B. megaterium has the ability to sporulate and respective endospores could co-purify with cellular inclusions, a sporulation negative production strain was generated by disrupting the spoIIE gene in PHA05. This strain did not produce spores when tested under sporulation inducing conditions and it was still able to synthesize ZZ-domain displaying PHB beads. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proof of concept for the successful genetic engineering of B. megaterium as a host for the production of functionalized PHB beads. Disruption of the spoIIE gene rendered B. megaterium incapable of sporulation but particularly suitable for production of functionalized PHB beads. This sporulation-negative mutant represents an improved industrial production strain for biotechnological processes otherwise impaired by the possibility of endospore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Grage
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paul McDermott
- Bioline Reagents Ltd., Unit 16, The Edge Business Centre, Humber Road, London, NW2 6EW, UK
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
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Putkaradze N, Litzenburger M, Abdulmughni A, Milhim M, Brill E, Hannemann F, Bernhardt R. CYP109E1 is a novel versatile statin and terpene oxidase from Bacillus megaterium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8379-8393. [PMID: 29018905 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CYP109E1 is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Bacillus megaterium with a hydroxylation activity for testosterone and vitamin D3. This study reports the screening of a focused library of statins, terpene-derived and steroidal compounds to explore the substrate spectrum of this enzyme. Catalytic activity of CYP109E1 towards the statin drug-precursor compactin and the prodrugs lovastatin and simvastatin as well as biotechnologically relevant terpene compounds including ionones, nootkatone, isolongifolen-9-one, damascones, and β-damascenone was found in vitro. The novel substrates induced a type I spin-shift upon binding to P450 and thus permitted to determine dissociation constants. For the identification of conversion products by NMR spectroscopy, a B. megaterium whole-cell system was applied. NMR analysis revealed for the first time the ability of CYP109E1 to catalyze an industrially highly important reaction, the production of pravastatin from compactin, as well as regioselective oxidations generating drug metabolites (6'β-hydroxy-lovastatin, 3'α-hydroxy-simvastatin, and 4″-hydroxy-simvastatin) and valuable terpene derivatives (3-hydroxy-α-ionone, 4-hydroxy-β-ionone, 11,12-epoxy-nootkatone, 4(R)-hydroxy-isolongifolen-9-one, 3-hydroxy-α-damascone, 4-hydroxy-β-damascone, and 3,4-epoxy-β-damascone). Besides that, a novel compound, 2-hydroxy-β-damascenone, produced by CYP109E1 was identified. Docking calculations using the crystal structure of CYP109E1 rationalized the experimentally observed regioselective hydroxylation and identified important amino acid residues for statin and terpene binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Putkaradze
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Martin Litzenburger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Ammar Abdulmughni
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Mohammed Milhim
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Elisa Brill
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Frank Hannemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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Gädke J, Thies JW, Kleinfeldt L, Kalinin A, Starke G, Lakowitz A, Biedendieck R, Garnweitner G, Dietzel A, Krull R. Integrated in situ -purification of recombinant proteins from Bacillus megaterium cultivation using SPION in stirred tank reactors. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prebiotic Oligosaccharides: Special Focus on Fructooligosaccharides, Its Biosynthesis and Bioactivity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:613-635. [PMID: 28948462 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial groups in the gut ecosystem play key role in the maintenance of host's metabolic and structural functionality. The gut microbiota enhances digestion processing, helps in digestion of complex substances, synthesizes beneficial bioactive compounds, enhances bioavailability of minerals, impedes growth of pathogenic microbes, and prevents various diseases. It is, therefore, desirable to have an adequate intake of prebiotic biomolecules, which promote favorable modulation of intestinal microflora. Prebiotics are non-digestible and chemically stable structures that significantly enhance growth and functionality of gut microflora. The non-digestible carbohydrate, mainly oligosaccharides, covers a major part of total available prebiotics as dietary additives. The review describes the types of prebiotic low molecular weight carbohydrates, i.e., oligosaccharides, their structure, biosynthesis, functionality, and applications, with a special focus given to fructooligosaccharides (FOSs). The review provides an update on enzymes executing hydrolytic and fructosyltransferase activities producing prebiotic FOS biomolecules, and future perspectives.
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González-Garcinuño Á, Tabernero A, Domínguez Á, Galán MA, Martin del Valle EM. Levan and levansucrases: Polymer, enzyme, micro-organisms and biomedical applications. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1314467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Tabernero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Domínguez
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Galán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Gädke J, Kleinfeldt L, Schubert C, Rohde M, Biedendieck R, Garnweitner G, Krull R. In situ affinity purification of his-tagged protein A from Bacillus megaterium cultivation using recyclable superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Biotechnol 2017; 242:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fierros Romero G, Rivas Castillo A, Gómez Ramírez M, Pless R, Rojas Avelizapa N. Expression Analysis of Ni- and V-Associated Resistance Genes in a Bacillus megaterium Strain Isolated from a Mining Site. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:165-71. [PMID: 27107759 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium strain MNSH1-9K-1 was isolated from a mining site in Guanajuato, Mexico. This B. megaterium strain presented the ability to remove Ni and V from a spent catalyst. Also, its associated metal resistance genes nccA, hant, VAN2, and smtAB were previously identified by a PCR approach. The present study reports for the first time, in B. megaterium, the changes in the expression of the genes nccA (Ni-Co-Cd resistance); hant (high-affinity nickel transporter); smtAB, a metal-binding protein gene; and VAN2 (V resistance) after exposure to 200 ppm of Ni and 200 ppm of V during the stationary phase of the microorganism in PHGII liquid media. The data presented here may contribute to the knowledge of the genes involved in the Ni and V resistances of B. megaterium, and the possible pathways implicated in the Ni-V removal processes, which may be potentiated for the biological treatment of high metal content residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grisel Fierros Romero
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rivas Castillo
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Marlenne Gómez Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Reynaldo Pless
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Norma Rojas Avelizapa
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico.
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ÿztürk S, ÿalık P, ÿzdamar TH. Fed-Batch Biomolecule Production by Bacillus subtilis : A State of the Art Review. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:329-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Heiss S, Hörmann A, Tauer C, Sonnleitner M, Egger E, Grabherr R, Heinl S. Evaluation of novel inducible promoter/repressor systems for recombinant protein expression in Lactobacillus plantarum. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:50. [PMID: 26966093 PMCID: PMC4785742 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Engineering lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is of growing importance for food and feed industry as well as for in vivo vaccination or the production of recombinant proteins in food grade organisms. Often, expression of a transgene is only desired at a certain time point or period, e.g. to minimize the metabolic burden for the host cell or to control the expression time span. For this purpose, inducible expression systems are preferred, though cost and availability of the inducing agent must be feasible. We selected the plasmid free strain Lactobacillus plantarum 3NSH for testing and characterization of novel inducible promoters/repressor systems. Their feasibility in recombinant protein production was evaluated. Expression of the reporter protein mCherry was monitored with the BioLector® micro-fermentation system. Results Reporter gene mCherry expression was compared under the control of different promoter/repressor systems: PlacA (an endogenous promoter/repressor system derived from L. plantarum 3NSH), PxylA (a promoter/repressor system derived from Bacillus megaterium DSMZ 319) and PlacSynth (synthetic promoter and codon-optimized repressor gene based on the Escherichia colilac operon). We observed that PlacA was inducible solely by lactose, but not by non-metabolizable allolactose analoga. PxylA was inducible by xylose, yet showed basal expression under non-induced conditions. Growth on galactose (as compared to exponential growth phase on glucose) reduced basal mCherry expression at non-induced conditions. PlacSynth was inducible with TMG (methyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside) and IPTG (isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside), but also showed basal expression without inducer. The promoter PlacSynth was used for establishment of a dual plasmid expression system, based on T7 RNA polymerase driven expression in L. plantarum. Comparative Western blot supported BioLector® micro-fermentation measurements. Conclusively, overall expression levels were moderate (compared to a constitutive promoter). Conclusions We evaluated different inducible promoters, as well as an orthologous expression system, for controlled gene expression in L. plantarum. Furthermore, here we provide proof of concept for a T7 RNA polymerase based expression system for L. plantarum. Thereby we expanded the molecular toolbox for an industrial relevant and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0448-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Heiss
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Hörmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Tauer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Sonnleitner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Esther Egger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Heinl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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Biedendieck R. A Bacillus megaterium System for the Production of Recombinant Proteins and Protein Complexes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 896:97-113. [PMID: 27165321 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
For many years the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium has been used for the production and secretion of recombinant proteins. For this purpose it was systematically optimized. Plasmids with different inducible promoter systems, with different compatible origins, with small tags for protein purification and with various specific signals for protein secretion were combined with genetically improved host strains. Finally, the development of appropriate cultivation conditions for the production strains established this organism as a bacterial cell factory even for large proteins. Along with the overproduction of individual proteins the organism is now also used for the simultaneous coproduction of up to 14 recombinant proteins, multiple subsequently interacting or forming protein complexes. Some of these recombinant strains are successfully used for bioconversion or the biosynthesis of valuable components including vitamins. The titers in the g per liter scale for the intra- and extracellular recombinant protein production prove the high potential of B. megaterium for industrial applications. It is currently further enhanced for the production of recombinant proteins and multi-subunit protein complexes using directed genetic engineering approaches based on transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and fluxome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Biedendieck
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Impact of rare codons and the functional coproduction of rate-limiting tRNAs on recombinant protein production in Bacillus megaterium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8999-9010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Moore SJ, Mayer MJ, Biedendieck R, Deery E, Warren MJ. Towards a cell factory for vitamin B12 production in Bacillus megaterium: bypassing of the cobalamin riboswitch control elements. N Biotechnol 2014; 31:553-61. [PMID: 24657453 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium is a bacterium that has been used in the past for the industrial production of vitamin B12 (cobalamin), the anti-pernicious anaemia factor. Cobalamin is a modified tetrapyrrole with a cobalt ion coordinated within its macrocycle. More recently, B. megaterium has been developed as a host for the high-yield production of recombinant proteins using a xylose inducible promoter system. Herein, we revisit cobalamin production in B. megaterium DSM319. We have investigated the importance of cobalt for optimum growth and cobalamin production. The cobaltochelatase (CbiX(L)) is encoded within a 14-gene cobalamin biosynthetic (cbi) operon, whose gene-products oversee the transformation of uroporphyrinogen III into adenosylcobyrinic acid a,c-diamide, a key precursor of cobalamin synthesis. The production of CbiX(L) in response to exogenous cobalt was monitored. The metal was found to stimulate cobalamin biosynthesis and decrease the levels of CbiX(L). From this we were able to show that the entire cbi operon is transcriptionally regulated by a B12-riboswitch, with a switch-off point at approximately 5 nM cobalamin. To bypass the effects of the B12-riboswitch the cbi operon was cloned without these regulatory elements. Growth of these strains on minimal media supplemented with glycerol as a carbon source resulted in significant increases in cobalamin production (up to 200 μg L(-1)). In addition, a range of partially amidated intermediates up to adenosylcobyric acid was detected. These findings outline a potential way to develop B. megaterium as a cell factory for cobalamin production using cheap raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Moore
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Matthias J Mayer
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Rebekka Biedendieck
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Evelyne Deery
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Martin J Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
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Mulder KCL, Schumann W. Construction and analysis of a modified transposable element carrying an outward directed inducible promoter for Bacillus subtilis. Curr Microbiol 2013; 68:569-74. [PMID: 24370625 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Transposons are important tools to inactivate chromosomal genes followed by a correlation with a particular phenotype or genotype. Here we demonstrated the development of a special type of genetically engineered transposon carrying an outward-directed inducible promoter in order to allow transcription of nearby genes. We have modified the mariner transposon TnYLB able to transpose in B. subtilis. This modified TnYLB carries an expression unit consisting of the xylose repressor xylR and an outward-directed promoter negatively controlled by this repressor. This TnYLB-XylOut transposon is able to turn on gene expression if insertion occurs close to a promoter-less gene. It will be an important tool to identify the function of genes either by turning on their expression or by enhanced expression depending on the xylose concentration.
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