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Pandya JB, Patani AN, Raval VH, Rajput KN, Panchal RR. Understanding the Fermentation Potentiality For Gibberellic Acid (GA 3) Production Using Fungi. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:385. [PMID: 37874373 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins represent an important group of potent phytohormones, growth-promoting, closely related diterpenoid acids biologically derived from tetracyclic diterpenoid hydrocarbon. Among these, gibberellic acid (GA3) has received the greatest attention. GA3 is a highly valued plant growth regulator which has various applications in agriculture. It is extensively used for beneficial effects including stem elongation, elimination of dormancy, sex expression, seed germination, flowering, and fruit senescence. Along with plants, many microbes are also producing GA3 as their secondary metabolite, and among these, fungi are reported to produce a higher amount of GA3. Fermentation technology based on submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation for the production of GA3 has been used with its merits and demerits using Fusarium moniliforme fungus in the industry. Several mathematical models and optimization tools were also designed for enhancing the fermentative yield by researchers. The detailed analysis is essential to understand all the fermentation aspects, various unit parameters, process operation approaches, reduction in cost, and assessment of the possible uses of these models in the production of GA3 for higher yield. Recently, exclusive research is executed to lower down the production cost of GA3 approaching various strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimin B Pandya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Aanal N Patani
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Vikram H Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kiransinh N Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Rakeshkumar R Panchal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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Nasif SO, Siddique AB, Siddique AB, Islam MM, Hassan O, Deepo DM, Hossain A. Prospects of endophytic fungi as a natural resource for the sustainability of crop production in the modern era of changing climate. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Feng J, Hauser M, Cox RJ, Skellam E. Engineering Aspergillus oryzae for the Heterologous Expression of a Bacterial Modular Polyketide Synthase. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1085. [PMID: 34947068 PMCID: PMC8708903 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial natural products have had phenomenal success in drug discovery and development yet form distinct classes based on the origin of their native producer. Methods that enable metabolic engineers to combine the most useful features of the different classes of natural products may lead to molecules with enhanced biological activities. In this study, we modified the metabolism of the fungus Aspergillus oryzae to enable the synthesis of triketide lactone (TKL), the product of the modular polyketide synthase DEBS1-TE engineered from bacteria. We established (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA biosynthesis via introducing a propionyl-CoA carboxylase complex (PCC); reassembled the 11.2 kb DEBS1-TE coding region from synthetic codon-optimized gene fragments using yeast recombination; introduced bacterial phosphopantetheinyltransferase SePptII; investigated propionyl-CoA synthesis and degradation pathways; and developed improved delivery of exogenous propionate. Depending on the conditions used titers of TKL ranged from <0.01-7.4 mg/L. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that A. oryzae can be used as an alternative host for the synthesis of polyketides from bacteria, even those that require toxic or non-native substrates. Our metabolically engineered A. oryzae may offer advantages over current heterologous platforms for producing valuable and complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekular Wirkstoff Zentrum, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Maurice Hauser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekular Wirkstoff Zentrum, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Russell J. Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekular Wirkstoff Zentrum, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Elizabeth Skellam
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekular Wirkstoff Zentrum, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76201, USA
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Kildegaard KR, Arnesen JA, Adiego-Pérez B, Rago D, Kristensen M, Klitgaard AK, Hansen EH, Hansen J, Borodina I. Tailored biosynthesis of gibberellin plant hormones in yeast. Metab Eng 2021; 66:1-11. [PMID: 33746070 PMCID: PMC8205117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of small amounts of natural plant growth hormones, such as gibberellins (GAs), can increase the productivity and quality of many vegetable and fruit crops. However, gibberellin growth hormones usage is limited by the high cost of their production, which is currently based on fermentation of a natural fungal producer Fusarium fujikuroi that produces a mix of several GAs. We explored the potential of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce specific profiles of GAs. Firstly, the production of the GA-precursor ent-kaurenoic acid (KA) at 3.75 mg/L was achieved by expression of biosynthetic enzymes from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and upregulation of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. We then built a GA4-producing strain by extending the GA-biosynthetic pathway and upregulating the MVA-pathway further, resulting in 17.29 mg/L GA4. Additional expression of the F. fujikoroi GA-biosynthetic enzymes resulted in the production of GA7 (trace amounts) and GA3 (2.93 mg/L). Lastly, through protein engineering and the expression of additional KA-biosynthetic genes, we increased the GA3-production 4.4-fold resulting in 12.81 mg/L. The developed system presents a promising resource for the recombinant production of specific gibberellins, identifying bottlenecks in GA biosynthesis, and discovering new GA biosynthetic genes. Classification Biological Sciences, Applied Biological Sciences. A complete biosynthetic pathway towards gibberellins was reconstructed in a microbial host The pathway towards ent-kaurenoic acid consisted of Arabidopsis thaliana enzymes The pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellins GA3, GA4 and GA7 consisted of Fusarium fujikuroi enzymes Y. lipolytica expressed 14 heterologous genes for gibberellins biosynthesis and had 5 genome edits for improved mevalonate flux The strains produced up to 12 mg/L of GA3 and up to 17 mg/L GA4 in small-scale cultivations
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana R Kildegaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan A Arnesen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Belén Adiego-Pérez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniela Rago
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas K Klitgaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Esben H Hansen
- River Stone Biotech ApS, Fruebjergvej 3, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Hansen
- River Stone Biotech ApS, Fruebjergvej 3, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Peng XL, Zhao WJ, Wang YS, Dai KL, Cen YK, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Enhancement of gibberellic acid production from Fusarium fujikuroi by mutation breeding and glycerol addition. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:312. [PMID: 32582509 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a natural plant growth hormone that has been widely used in agriculture and horticulture. To obtain higher GA3 producing strains, the method of screening the strains for resistance to simvastatin was used after treatment with nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and gamma rays. The rationale for the strategy was that mutants showing simvastatin resistance were likely to be high GA3 producers, as their activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is relatively more effective. GA3 yield of mutant S109 increased by 14.2% than that of the original strain. The GA3 production ability in mutant S109 remained relatively stable after ten generations. With the addition of 0.4 g glycerol on the 5th day during the fermentation process in Erlenmeyer flask, maximum GA3 production of 2.7 g/L was achieved by this mutant, exhibiting 28.6% increase compared with original strain. Furthermore, we also achieved 2.8 g/L GA3 and had a 33.3% increase with addition 20 g glycerol on the 5th day during the fermentation process in a 5-L bioreactor. Our results indicated efficient GA3 production could be achieved on the condition that the supply of glycerol at the suitable conditions. This study would lay a foundation for industrial production of GA3.
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Zhang B, Lei Z, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Improvement of gibberellin production by a newly isolated Fusarium fujikuroi mutant. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1620-1632. [PMID: 32538506 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To obtain and investigate the potential mechanism for GA3 production in Fusarium fujikuroi GA-251, a high GA3 producer. METHODS AND RESULTS Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289 was bred with Cobalt-60 (60 Co) radiation and lithium chloride treatment. The best mutant strain GA-251 was obtained for the subsequent optimization of fermentation conditions. The yield of GA3 by GA-251 was 2100 mg l-1 , while the wild-type strain was 100 mg l-1 , which is a 21-fold increase in the yield. To elucidate the mechanism of high GA3 yield of GA-251, the genome was sequenced and compared with wild-type strain IMI 58289. The results showed 2295 single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1242 small indels and 30 structural variants. These mutations were analysed and enriched in the MAPK signalling pathway, the mRNA surveillance pathway and endocytosis. The potential reasons for the improved GA3 biosynthesis were investigated. CONCLUSIONS The potential mechanism of high GA3 yield was attributed to endocytosis pathway and histone modification proteins family. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A mutant strain GA-251 in this work that could potentially be utilized in the industrial yield of GA3 . The comparative genome analysis would shed light onto the mechanism of yield improvement and be a theoretical guide for further metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Bio-purification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Bio-purification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z-Q Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Bio-purification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y-G Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Bio-purification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Khan MA, Asaf S, Khan AL, Jan R, Kang SM, Kim KM, Lee IJ. Rhizobacteria AK1 remediates the toxic effects of salinity stress via regulation of endogenous phytohormones and gene expression in soybean. Biochem J 2019; 476:2393-2409. [PMID: 31375565 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salinity stress adversely affects the growth and productivity of different crops. In the present study, we isolated the rhizospheric bacteria Arthrobacter woluwensis AK1 from Pohang beach, South Korea and determined its plant growth-promoting potential under NaCl salt stress (0, 100, and 200 mM). AK1 has phosphate-solubilizing activity and produce siderophores, organic acids, and phytohormones such as gibberellic acid (GA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) that significantly alleviate sodium chloride (NaCl) stress and increase all plant growth attributes. Furthermore, inoculation of AK1 significantly decreased endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content, extensively regulated the antioxidant activities and mitigated NaCl stress. Similarly, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry results showed that soybean plants inoculated with AK1 significantly decreased the amount of sodium (Na+) uptake during NaCl stress after 6 and 12 days. Four genes, auxin resistant 1 (GmLAX1), potassium channel AKT2 (GmAKT2), soybean salt tolerance 1 (GmST1), and salt tolerance-associated gene on chromosome 3 (GmSALT3) were up-regulated, while two genes chloride channel gene (GmNHX1) and Na+/H+ antiporter (GmCLC1) were down-regulated in soybean AK1treated plants. In conclusion, AK1 can mitigate salinity stress, increase plant growth and could be utilized as an eco-friendly bio-fertilizer under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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9
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Camara MC, Vandenberghe LPS, Rodrigues C, de Oliveira J, Faulds C, Bertrand E, Soccol CR. Current advances in gibberellic acid (GA 3) production, patented technologies and potential applications. PLANTA 2018; 248:1049-1062. [PMID: 30069731 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid is a plant growth hormone that promotes cell expansion and division. Studies have aimed at optimizing and reducing production costs, which could make its application economically viable for different cultivars. Gibberellins consist of a large family of plant growth hormones discovered in the 1930s, which are synthesized via the terpenes route from the geranylgeranyl diphosphate and feature a basic structure formed by an ent-gibberellane tetracyclic skeleton. Among them, only four have biological activity, including gibberellic acid (GA3), which acts as a natural plant growth regulator, especially for stem elongation, seed germination, and increased fruit size. It can be obtained from plants, fungi, and bacteria. There are also some reports about microalgae GA3 producers. Fungi, especially Gibberella fujikuroi, are preferred for GA3 production via submerged fermentation or solid-state fermentation. Many factors may affect its production, some of which are related to the control and scale-up of fermentation parameters. Different GA3 products are available on the market. They can be found in liquid or solid formulations containing only GA3 or a mixture of other biological active gibberellins, which can be applied on a wide variety of cultivars, including crops and fruits. However, the product's cost still limits its large and continuous application. New low-cost and efficient GA3 production alternatives are surely welcome. This review deals with the latest scientific and technological advances on production, recovery, formulation, and applications of this important plant growth hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C Camara
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Luciana P S Vandenberghe
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil.
| | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Oliveira
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Craig Faulds
- Aix-Marseille Université, POLYTECH Marseille, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- Aix-Marseille Université, POLYTECH Marseille, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
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Khan MA, Ullah I, Waqas M, Hamayun M, Khan AL, Asaf S, Kang SM, Kim KM, Jan R, Lee IJ. Halo-tolerant rhizospheric Arthrobacter woluwensis AK1 mitigates salt stress and induces physio-hormonal changes and expression of GmST1 and GmLAX3 in soybean. Symbiosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-0562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Plant growth promoting endophytic fungi Asprgillus fumigatus TS1 and Fusarium proliferatum BRL1 produce gibberellins and regulates plant endogenous hormones. Symbiosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-0545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bilal S, Khan AL, Shahzad R, Asaf S, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Endophytic Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 Augments Glycine max L. Adaptation to Ni-Contamination through Affecting Endogenous Phytohormones and Oxidative Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:870. [PMID: 28611799 PMCID: PMC5447229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the Ni-removal efficiency of phytohormone-producing endophytic fungi Penicillium janthinellum, Paecilomyces formosus, Exophiala sp., and Preussia sp. Among four different endophytes, P. formosus LHL10 was able to tolerate up to 1 mM Ni in contaminated media as compared to copper and cadmium. P. formosus LHL10 was further assessed for its potential to enhance the phytoremediation of Glycine max (soybean) in response to dose-dependent increases in soil Ni (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mM). Inoculation with P. formosus LHL10 significantly increased plant biomass and growth attributes as compared to non-inoculated control plants with or without Ni contamination. LHL10 enhanced the translocation of Ni from the root to the shoot as compared to the control. In addition, P. formosus LHL10 modulated the physio-chemical apparatus of soybean plants during Ni-contamination by reducing lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of linolenic acid, glutathione, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Stress-responsive phytohormones such as abscisic acid and jasmonic acid were significantly down-regulated in fungal-inoculated soybean plants under Ni stress. LHL10 Ni-remediation potential can be attributed to its phytohormonal synthesis related genetic makeup. RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of indole-3-acetamide hydrolase, aldehyde dehydrogenase for indole-acetic acid and geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase, ent-kaurene oxidase (P450-4), C13-oxidase (P450-3) for gibberellins synthesis. In conclusion, the inoculation of P. formosus can significantly improve plant growth in Ni-polluted soils, and assist in improving the phytoremediation abilities of economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Bilal
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Abdul L. Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman’s Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of NizwaNizwa, Oman
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
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Pan C, Tan SN, Yong JWH, Ge L. Progress and development of analytical methods for gibberellins. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:346-360. [PMID: 27717135 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins, as a group of phytohormones, exhibit a wide variety of bio-functions within plant growth and development, which have been used to increase crop yields. Many analytical procedures, therefore, have been developed for the determination of the types and levels of endogenous and exogenous gibberellins. As plant tissues contain gibberellins in trace amounts (usually at the level of nanogram per gram fresh weight or even lower), the sample pre-treatment steps (extraction, pre-concentration, and purification) for gibberellins are reviewed in details. The primary focus of this comprehensive review is on the various analytical methods designed to meet the requirements for gibberellins analyses in complex matrices with particular emphasis on high-throughput analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, mostly combined with mass spectrometry. The advantages and drawbacks of the each described analytical method are discussed. The overall aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and critical view on the different analytical methods nowadays employed to analyze gibberellins in complex sample matrices and their foreseeable trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhi Pan
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swee Ngin Tan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Totsuka Y, Ueda S, Kuzuyama T, Shinada T. Facile Synthesis of Deuterium-Labelled Geranylgeraniols. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shota Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University
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