1
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Wang J, Du X, Wang Z, Wu P, Zhou J, Tao X, Dang Z, Lu G. Optimization and verification of selective removal of organophosphate esters from wastewater by molecularly imprinted adsorbent. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141082. [PMID: 38169198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Tributyl phosphate (TNBP), a new type of flame retardant, is an emerging pollutant and has been frequently detected in various matrices such as wastewater. Efficient removal of TNBP is critical for wastewater treatment. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared using precipitation polymerization for selective adsorption of TNBP. The results showed that MIP had a porous structure and formed effective imprinting cavities, which was primarily responsible for its superior adsorption ability. The adsorption of TNBP by MIP was carried out following both the pseudo-secondary kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. MIP adsorbed TNBP rapidly and reached adsorption equilibrium within 30 min with 923 μmol g-1 at 298 K. The adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of MIP were respectively 2 and 5.49 times those of non-molecularly imprinted polymers. In addition, MIP could effectively counter disturbances from external parameters like temperature and pH, exhibiting strong environmental flexibility. MIP can specifically adsorb organophosphate esters, and can selectively adsorb TNBP under the interference of coexisting contaminants such as1,3-diphenylguanidine and isazofos. In actual bodies of water, MIP's highly selective adsorption of TNBP retains its advantage. The selective adsorption of MIP was mainly due to the common phosphate skeleton, and the specific substituent of organophosphate esters played an important role in the imprinting process. Hydrogen bonding might be involved in the polymerization process of TNBP with acrylamide and the adsorption process of TNBP by MIP.MIP exhibited good reuse efficiency, the total adsorption capacity decreased by no more than 25% after 7 reuse cycles. This study provides a simple and efficient method for selective removal of organophosphate from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zuifei Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiwen Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangmin Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xueqin Tao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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2
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Feng G, Jia R, Sun S, Wang M, Zhao Q, Liu L. Occurrence and treatment effect assessment of organophosphorus flame retardants in source and drinking water, Jinan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52830-52840. [PMID: 36843161 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and removal efficiencies of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) by traditional treatment processes (pre-flocculation, sand filtration, and post-chlorination processes) and advanced treatment processes (i.e., ozone and granular activated carbon (GAC), ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2), GAC alone, ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane) were examined in two municipal plants and a pilot plant in Jinan, China. The concentrations of six OPFRs in raw waters were at levels of 16.8-100.0 ng/L, and three OPFRs were below the detection limits. The traditional treatment processes could not effectively remove the OPFRs (the removal efficiency was - 12.0-15.4%). The advanced oxidation with ozone and GAC (the removal efficiency was 35.6-60.3%) or UV/H2O2 and GAC processes (the removal efficiency was 68.0-86.7%) were more effective than the traditional water treatment processes. The removal efficiencies of ultrafiltration process for the OPFRs was 11.2-69.8% which were positively correlated with the logKow values of OPFRs. The nanofiltration membrane process with ultrafiltration membrane process as the pretreatment was the most effective process (the removal efficiencies were almost to 100%). These results imply that the combination of ultrafiltration membrane and nanofiltration membrane is an effective measure in the treatment of OPFRs in municipal drinking water plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixue Feng
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Ruibao Jia
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Shaohua Sun
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Mingquan Wang
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250021, China
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3
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He J, Wang Z, Zhen F, Wang Z, Song Z, Chen J, Hrynsphan D, Tatsiana S. Mechanisms of flame retardant tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate biodegradation via novel bacterial strain Ochrobactrum tritici WX3-8. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137071. [PMID: 36328323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) is a common organophosphorus flame retardant analog with considerable ecological toxicity. Here, novel strain Ochrobactrum tritici WX3-8 capable of degrading TEHP as the sole C source was isolated. Our results show that the strain's TEHP degradation efficiency reached 75% after 104 h under optimal conditions, i.e., 30 °C, pH 7, bacterial inoculum 3%, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Fengzhen Zhen
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Zhaoyun Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zhongdi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Dzmitry Hrynsphan
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Savitskaya Tatsiana
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
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4
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Rangu SS, Singh R, Gaur NK, Rath D, Makde RD, Mukhopadhyaya R. Isolation and characterization of a recombinant class C acid phosphatase from Sphingobium sp. RSMS strain. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 33:e00709. [PMID: 35242619 PMCID: PMC8857453 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tributyl phosphate (TBP) is extensively used in nuclear industry and is a major environmental pollutant. The mechanism for TBP degradation is not identified in any TBP-degrading bacteria. Here, we report identification of an acid phosphatase from Sphingobium sp. RSMS (Aps) that exhibits high specific activity towards monobutyl phosphate (MBP) and could be a terminal component of the TBP degradation process. A genomic DNA library of the bacteria was screened using a histochemical method which yielded 35 phosphatase clones. Among these, the clone that showed the highest MBP degradation was studied further. DNA sequence analysis showed that the genomic insert encodes a protein (Aps) which belongs to class C acid phosphatase. The recombinant Aps was found to be a dimer and hydrolysed MBP with a Kcat 68.1 ± 5.46 s- 1 and Km 2.5 mM ± 0.50. The protein was found to be nonspecific for phosphatase activity and hydrolyzed disparate organophosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sunder Rangu
- Applied Genomics Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Beamline Development and Application Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Neeraj Kailash Gaur
- Beamline Development and Application Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Devashish Rath
- Applied Genomics Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ravindra D. Makde
- Beamline Development and Application Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Rita Mukhopadhyaya
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
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5
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Wang J, Hlaing TS, Nwe MT, Aung MM, Ren C, Wu W, Yan Y. Primary biodegradation and mineralization of aryl organophosphate flame retardants by Rhodococcus-Sphingopyxis consortium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125238. [PMID: 33550123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biodegradation towards aryl organophosphate flame retardants (aryl-OPFRs) was investigated by the Rhodococcus-Sphingopyxis consortium, mixture of strain Rhodococcus sp. YC-JH2 and Sphingopyxis sp. YC-JH3. The optimal ratio between the two composition strains was determined as 1:1. Under the optimum condition (pH 8, 35 °C and 0% salinity), the consortium could utilize aryl-OPFRs as sole carbon source and degrade them rapidly with half-life of 4.53, 21.11 and 23.0 h for triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tricresyl phosphate (TCrP) and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) respectively. The consortium maintained high degrading efficiency under a wide of range of pH (6-10), temperature (20-40 °C) and salinity (0-6%). Besides, the consortium could rapidly degrade high concentration of TPhP and no inhibitory effect towards degradation speed was observed up to 500 mg/L. The effect of metal ions and surfactants was estimated. Most metal ions exhibited significant inhibition, except Zn2+ and Pb2+, which showed no effect or slight promotion. Ionic surfactants could severely reduce the degrading capacity, while nonionic surfactants showed no effect. With abundant inoculation of the consortium, mineralization higher than 75% could be achieved within a week. This study provides efficient microorganisms for bioremediation of aryl-OPFRs contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhuan Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Thet Su Hlaing
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Biotechnology Research Department, Department of Research and Innovation, Kyaukse, Myanmar.
| | - May Thet Nwe
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Biotechnology Research Department, Department of Research and Innovation, Kyaukse, Myanmar.
| | - Mar Mar Aung
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Biotechnology, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar.
| | - Chao Ren
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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6
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Jiang X, Yang Y, Liu P, Li M. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal Ca 2+ overload and osmotic imbalance-induced neurotoxicity in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) under tri-n-butyl phosphate exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142169. [PMID: 33113685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) is mass-produced and widely utilized in many products, which has increasingly drawn concern about its potential environmental risks. However, little is known about the toxic mechanism on soil-dwelling organisms caused by TNBP. In this study, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were exposed to environmentally relevant or higher concentrations of TNBP (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) in artificial soil for 14 days. Our results showed that TNBP accumulated in earthworm nervous tissue (cerebral ganglions). In addition, the content of glutamate in cerebral ganglions decreased compared to the control (p < 0.05). The concentration of Ca2+ in earthworm cerebral ganglions increased. However, both Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities were significantly reduced compared to the control (p < 0.05), which led to neurotoxicity in earthworm nervous tissue. Furthermore, the transcriptome and metabolomics revealed the toxic mechanism in earthworm nervous tissue caused by TNBP. Results indicated that the main neurotoxicity mechanisms induced by TNBP were an osmotic imbalance and Ca2+ overload in cerebral ganglions. Our findings fill a gap in the literature on neurotoxicity mechanisms of earthworm response to TNBP exposure and contribute to a better understanding of the adverse effects of TNBP on soil-dwelling organisms in terrestrial ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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7
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Yang Y, Liu P, Li M. Tri-n-butyl phosphate induced earthworm intestinal damage by influencing nutrient absorption and energy homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122850. [PMID: 32768812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) is a typical alkyl organophosphate ester that has been used for decades in various products. However, toxicity on terrestrial organisms induced by TnBP has been rarely reported though soil is a predominant sink for hydrophobic organic compounds. The objective of this study was to investigate the TnBP-induced intestinal toxicity mechanism on earthworm Eisenia fetida as well as the potential role of gut bacteria on host's health. TnBP was found to have high bioconcentrations in earthworm intestinal tract. Digestive tract degradation and digestive enzyme activities disruption associated with nutrients absorption were noticed. Using multi-omics approaches, detailed intestinal toxic mechanism of earthworms under TnBP exposure was provided. Tight junctions between small intestinal epithelial cells and osmotic equilibrium were destroyed under 10 mg/kg TnBP, leading to nutrient absorption disturbance. To satisfy the excessive energy requirements induced by TnBP, amino acids gluconeogenesis and protein degradation were detected. Moreover, TnBP significantly decreased the diversity of gut microbiota and changed their structure and function involved in hosts' health and nutrients supply. Overall, this study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of intestinal toxicity by which earthworms respond to TnBP exposure and offer important information for risk assessment of organophosphate esters on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Whole-Genome Sequencing of Sphingobium sp. Strain RSMS, a Highly Efficient Tributyl Phosphate-Degrading Bacterium. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/42/e00600-20. [PMID: 33060264 PMCID: PMC7561683 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00600-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingobium sp. strain RSMS was described earlier as an efficient degrader of tributyl phosphate, an organic pollutant. This report describes the generation and annotation of the genome sequence of Sphingobium sp. strain RSMS, which will facilitate future studies to identify genetic elements responsible for the degradation of tributyl phosphate. Sphingobium sp. strain RSMS was described earlier as an efficient degrader of tributyl phosphate, an organic pollutant. This report describes the generation and annotation of the genome sequence of Sphingobium sp. strain RSMS, which will facilitate future studies to identify genetic elements responsible for the degradation of tributyl phosphate.
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Liu J, Lin H, Dong Y, Li B. Elucidating the biodegradation mechanism of tributyl phosphate (TBP) by Sphingomonas sp. isolated from TBP-contaminated mine tailings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:284-291. [PMID: 30999205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tributyl phosphate (TBP) is recognised as a global environmental contaminant because of its wide use in floatation reagents, nuclear fuel reprocessing and plasticisers. This contaminant is hardly degraded by hydrolysis in the environment due to its special physicochemical properties. In this study, one TBP-degrading strain was isolated from TBP-contaminated abandoned mine tailings, and 16S rRNA identification revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Sphingomonas. Results validated that the strain could utilise TBP as the sole carbon source, and vitamin was not the essential factor for its growth. Liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis identified di-n-butyl phosphate (DnBP) and mono-n-butyl phosphate (MnBP) as the intermediate metabolites for TBP biodegradation. No obvious change in carbon and hydrogen isotope composition was observed in biodegradation processes (cell suspension and crude extract degradation), which indicated that the first irreversible bond cleavage did not involve carbon or hydrogen. Hence, the TBP degradation scheme by Sphingomonas sp. proposed that the first irreversible step of TBP transferred to DnBP would lead to PO bond cleavage. This study combined the identification of products and isotope fractionation in substrates to investigate the transformation mechanism, thereby providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective way for the in situ bioremediation of TBP-contaminated sites by the isolated TBP degradation strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yingbo Dong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
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Liu Q, Tang X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang X. ROS changes are responsible for tributyl phosphate (TBP)-induced toxicity in the alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:168-178. [PMID: 30677712 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a newly emerging environmental contaminant, tributyl phosphate (TBP) is an additive flame retardant of high production volume that is frequently detected in biota and the environment. Despite evidence that TBP is a potential threat to marine organisms, ecotoxicology data for TBP in marine organisms at low trophic levels are scarce. In this study, the acute toxicological effect of TBP on the marine phytoplankton Phaeodactylum tricornutum was thoroughly investigated, and the possible mechanism was explored. The results showed that TBP at concentrations ≥0.2 mg L-1 significantly inhibited P. tricornutum growth in a clear dose-response manner, with 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 and EC90 values of 0.067, 0.101, 0.219 and 0.716 mg L-1, respectively. Algal cells treated with TBP exhibited distorted shapes, ruptured cell membranes and damaged organelles, especially mitochondria. Additionally, apoptosis was triggered, followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that cellular damage occurred during exposure. Although the activities of two antioxidant enzymes, superoxide peroxidase and catalase, were upregulated by TBP at 1.2 mg L-1, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde still accumulated in algal cells after exposure, suggesting that the cells experienced oxidative stress. Moreover, both growth inhibition and apoptosis were positively correlated with ROS levels and were ameliorated by pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Taken together, the results indicate that TBP exposure leads to growth inhibition and cellular damage in P. tricornutum, and a ROS-mediated pathway might contribute to these observed toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yunchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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11
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Chiarinelli J, Markus P, Bolognesi P, Avaldi L, Turco Liveri V, Calandra P. Photo-fragmentation of alkyl phosphates in the gas-phase. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Hou R, Huang C, Rao K, Xu Y, Wang Z. Characterized in Vitro Metabolism Kinetics of Alkyl Organophosphate Esters in Fish Liver and Intestinal Microsomes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3202-3210. [PMID: 29439571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and tris( n-butyl) phosphate (TNBP) are the most commonly used alkyl organophosphate esters (alkyl-OPEs), and they increasingly accumulate in organisms and create potential health hazards. This study examined the metabolism of TNBP and TBOEP in Carassius carassius liver and intestinal microsomes and the production of their corresponding monohydroxylated and dealkylated metabolites. After 140 min of incubation with fish liver microsomes, the rapid depletion of TNBP and TBOEP were both best fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model (at administrated concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 200 μM), with a CLint (intrinsic clearance) of 3.1 and 3.9 μL·min-1·mg-1 protein, respectively. But no significant ( P > 0.05) biotransformation was observed for these compounds in intestinal microsomes at any administrated concentrations. In fish liver microsomes assay, bis(2-butoxyethyl) hydroxyethyl phosphate (BBOEHEP) and bis(2-butoxyethyl) 3-hydroxyl-2-butoxyethyl phosphate (3-OH-TBOEP) were the most abundant metabolites of TBOEP, and dibutyl-3-hydroxybutyl phosphate (3-OH-TNBP) was the predominant metabolite of TNBP. Similarly, the apparent Vmax values (maximum metabolic rate) of BBOEHEP and 3-OH-TNBP were also respectively highest among those of other metabolites. Further inhibition studies were conducted to identify the specific cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes involved in the metabolism of TNBP and TBOEP in liver microsomes. It was confirmed that CYP3A4 and CYP1A were the significant CYP450 isoforms catalyzing the metabolism of TNBP and TBOEP in fish liver microsomes. Overall, this study emphasized the importance of hydroxylated metabolites as biomarkers for alkyl-OPEs exposure, and further research is needed to validate the in vivo formation and toxicological implications of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
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13
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Electrochemical degradation of spent tributyl phosphate extractant by a boron-doped diamond anode. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yan S, Wu H, Qin J, Zha J, Wang Z. Halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardants caused oxidative stress and multixenobiotic resistance in Asian freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:559-568. [PMID: 28318792 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardants are widespread in aquatic environments. Although it has been documented that they affect the behavior and reproduction of aquatic species, researches investigating cellular detoxification and the defense system in bivalves are scarce. In this study, adult Asian clams (C. fluminea) were exposed to tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) at 20, 200, and 2000 μg/L for 28 d. The results showed no noticeable difference in siphoning behavior. However, the siphoning behavior displayed a trend toward a slight decrease in the treatment groups. GR activity was markedly reduced compared with the control groups, whereas the levels of cyp4 significantly increased following the 2000 μg/L TBP treatments (p < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of gsts1 and gstm1 significantly decreased following all TBEP treatments and were significantly inhibited by 20 μg/L TBP (p < 0.05). The adverse effects on antioxidant enzymes suggested that C. fluminea mainly relies on the antioxidant system to reduce damage without an increase in MDA levels following exposure to a low concentration. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of heat shock proteins (hsp 22, 40, 60, 70, and 90) were significantly down-regulated with TBEP and TBP treatments lower than 200 μg/L (p < 0.05), whereas significant up-regulations were observed for hsp 22 and hsp 70 in response to 2000 μg/L TBP treatment (p < 0.05). Up-regulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes (abcb1 and abcc1) showed that TBEP and TBP could activate the multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) system to discharge xenobiotics in C. fluminea, which kept its shell closed at high concentrations to prevent xenobiotic entry. Our results provide a new insight into the different mechanisms of cellular detoxification and the MXR system of C. fluminea in response to low and high concentrations of TBEP and TBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianhui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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15
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Song H, Fan X, Liu G, Xu J, Li X, Tan Y, Qian H. Inhibitory effects of tributyl phosphate on algal growth, photosynthesis, and fatty acid synthesis in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24009-24018. [PMID: 27638802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The widely used solvent extractant, tributyl phosphate (TBP), primarily used as a solvent for the conventional processing of nuclear fuel, has come under scrutiny recently due to concerns surrounding potential environmental contamination and toxicity. In this study, we found that, in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, administration of TBP severely inhibited algal cell growth by reducing photosynthetic efficiency and inducing oxidative stress. We further explored the effect of TBP by examining the gene expression of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and its contribution to reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. Our data revealed that TBP affected both fatty acid content and profile by regulating the transcription of genes related to glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and β-oxidation. These results demonstrated that TBP did in fact trigger the synthesis of ROS, disrupting the subcellular membrane structure of this aquatic organism. Our study brings new insight into the fundamental mechanism of toxicity exerted by TBP on the marine alga P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoji Fan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Identification of alkaline phosphatase genes for utilizing a flame retardant, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, in Sphingobium sp. strain TCM1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2153-2162. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Involvement of phosphoesterases in tributyl phosphate degradation in Sphingobium sp. strain RSMS. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:461-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Nancharaiah YV, Kiran Kumar Reddy G, Krishna Mohan TV, Venugopalan VP. Biodegradation of tributyl phosphate, an organosphate triester, by aerobic granular biofilms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:705-711. [PMID: 25464313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tributyl phosphate (TBP) is commercially used in large volumes for reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. TBP is a very stable compound and persistent in natural environments and it is not removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants. In this study, cultivation of aerobic granular biofilms in a sequencing batch reactor was investigated for efficient biodegradation of TBP. Enrichment of TBP-degrading strains resulted in efficient degradation of TBP as sole carbon or along with acetate. Complete biodegradation of 2mM of TBP was achieved within 5h with a degradation rate of 0.4 μmol mL(-1) h(-1). TBP biodegradation was accompanied by release of inorganic phosphate in stoichiometric amounts. n-Butanol, hydrolysed product of TBP was rapidly biodegraded. But, dibutyl phosphate, a putative intermediate of TBP degradation was only partially degraded pointing to an alternative degradation pathway. Phosphatase activity was 22- and 7.5-fold higher in TBP-degrading biofilms as compared to bioflocs and acetate-fed aerobic granules. Community analysis by terminal restriction length polymorphism revealed presence of 30 different bacterial strains. Seven bacterial stains, including Sphingobium sp. a known TBP degrader were isolated. The results show that aerobic granular biofilms are promising for treatment of TBP-bearing wastes or ex situ bioremediation of TBP-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Kiran Kumar Reddy
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T V Krishna Mohan
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V P Venugopalan
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Kiran Kumar Reddy G, Nancharaiah YV, Venugopalan VP. Aerobic granular sludge mediated biodegradation of an organophosphorous ester, dibutyl phosphite. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 359:110-5. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Kiran Kumar Reddy
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section; Water and Steam Chemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Kalpakkam India
| | - Yarlagadda Venkata Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section; Water and Steam Chemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Kalpakkam India
| | - Vayalam Purath Venugopalan
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section; Water and Steam Chemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Kalpakkam India
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