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Tembeni B, Idowu OE, Benrkia R, Boutahiri S, Olatunji OJ. Biotransformation of selected secondary metabolites by Alternaria species and the pharmaceutical, food and agricultural application of biotransformation products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:46. [PMID: 39158793 PMCID: PMC11333692 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Biotransformation is a process in which molecules are modified in the presence of a biocatalyst or enzymes, as well as the metabolic alterations that occur in organisms from exposure to the molecules. Microbial biotransformation is an important process in natural product drug discovery as novel compounds are biosynthesised. Additionally, biotransformation products offer compounds with improved efficacy, solubility, reduced cytotoxic and allows for the understanding of structure activity relationships. One of the driving forces for these impeccable findings are associated with the presence of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that is present in all organisms such as mammals, bacteria, and fungi. Numerous fungal strains have been used and reported for their ability to biotransform different compounds. This review focused on studies using Alternaria species as biocatalysts in the biotransformation of natural product compounds. Alternaria species facilitates reactions that favour stereoselectivity, regioselectivity under mild conditions. Additionally, microbial biotransformation products, their application in food, pharmaceutical and agricultural sector is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalwa Tembeni
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
| | | | - Rachid Benrkia
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Salima Boutahiri
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco
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2
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Zhang X, Zhang D, Ding Y, Li Z, Wang C, Ye S. Biosynthesis of resveratrol by an endophytic Priestia megaterium PH3 via the phenylpropane pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7581-7599. [PMID: 37801099 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a secondary metabolite synthesized by plants in response to environmental stress and pathogen infection, which is of great significance for the industrial production of RES by fermentation culture. In this study, we aimed to explore the biosynthesis pathway of RES and its key enzymes in the Priestia megaterium PH3, which was isolated and screened from peanut fruit. Through Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, we quantified the RES content and distribution in the culture medium and determined that Priestia megaterium PH3 mainly secreted RES extracellularly. Furthermore, the highest production of RES was observed in YPD, yielding an impressive 127.46 ± 6.11 μg/L. By optimizing the fermentation conditions, we achieved a remarkable RES yield of 946.82 ± 24.74 μg/L within just 2 days, which represents the highest reported yield for a natural isolate produced in such a short time frame. Our investigation revealed that the phenylpropane pathway is responsible for RES synthesis in this bacterium, with cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) identified as the main rate-limiting enzyme. Overall, our findings highlight the robust RES production capabilities of Priestia megaterium PH3, offering novel insights and potential applications for bacterial fermentation in RES production. KEY POINTS: • RES synthesized by the bacterium was confirmed through the phenylpropane pathway. • The key rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis-RES is C4H. • RES reached 946.82 ± 24.74 μg/L after fermentation for 2 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zilong Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuhong Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.
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3
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Abo-Kadoum MA, Abouelela ME, Al Mousa AA, Abo-Dahab NF, Mosa MA, Helmy YA, Hassane AMA. Resveratrol biosynthesis, optimization, induction, bio-transformation and bio-degradation in mycoendophytes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1010332. [PMID: 36304949 PMCID: PMC9593044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene compound produced by certain plant species in response to biotic and abiotic factors. Resveratrol has sparked a lot of interest due to its unique structure and approved therapeutic properties for the prevention and treatment of many diseases such as neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammation, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Over the last few decades, many studies have focused on the production of resveratrol from various natural sources and the optimization of large-scale production. Endophytic fungi isolated from various types of grapevines and Polygonum cuspidatum, the primary plant sources of resveratrol, demonstrated intriguing resveratrol-producing ability. Due to the increasing demand for resveratrol, one active area of research is the use of endophytic fungi and metabolic engineering techniques for resveratrol's large-scale production. The current review addresses an overview of endophytic fungi as a source for production, as well as biosynthesis pathways and relevant genes incorporated in resveratrol biosynthesis. Various approaches for optimizing resveratrol production from endophytic fungi, as well as their bio-transformation and bio-degradation, are explained in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Abo-Kadoum
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Amal A. Al Mousa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nageh F. Abo-Dahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Mosa
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Nano-Materials Laboratory (NANML), Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M. A. Hassane
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Lu Y, Shi J, Zhao X, Song Y, Qin Y, Liu Y. Improvement of the Biosynthesis of Resveratrol in Endophytic Fungus ( Alternaria sp. MG1) by the Synergistic Effect of UV Light and Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:770734. [PMID: 34745078 PMCID: PMC8567136 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.770734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound with multiple bioactivities, is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industry. Endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. MG1, as a native producer of resveratrol, shows increasing potential application. However, strategies for improvement of the biosynthesis of resveratrol in this species are still scarce. In this study, different elicitors were used to investigate their effect on the biosynthesis of resveratrol in MG1 and the induction mechanism. Ultrasound and sodium butyrate had no effect and slight inhibition on the resveratrol production and related gene expression, respectively. UV radiation and co-culture with Phomopsis sp. XP-8 significantly promoted the biosynthesis of resveratrol with the highest production (240.57μg/l) coming from UV 20min. Co-culture altered the profiles of secondary metabolites in MG1 by promoting and inhibiting the synthesis of stilbene and lignin compounds, respectively, and generating new flavonoids ((+/-)-taxifolin, naringin, and (+)-catechin). Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) also showed an obviously positive influence, leading to an increase in resveratrol production by 10 to 60%. Two calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) were identified, of which CDPK1 was found to be an important regulatory factor of OPC induction. Synergistic treatment of UV 20min and 100μm OPC increased the production of resveratrol by 70.37% compared to control and finally reached 276.31μg/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station of Northwest A&F University, Yongning, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station of Northwest A&F University, Yongning, China
| | - Yuyang Song
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station of Northwest A&F University, Yongning, China
| | - Yi Qin
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station of Northwest A&F University, Yongning, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station of Northwest A&F University, Yongning, China
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Lu Y, Song Y, Zhu J, Xu X, Pang B, Jin H, Jiang C, Liu Y, Shi J. Potential application of CHS and 4CL genes from grape endophytic fungus in production of naringenin and resveratrol and the improvement of polyphenol profiles and flavour of wine. Food Chem 2021; 347:128972. [PMID: 33453581 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
4-Coumaroyl-CoA ligase (Al4CL) and chalcone synthase (AlCHS) genes were found in grape endophyte Alternaria sp. MG1, but were not functional verified. A cross-validation method was used in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify their functions. AlCHS was identified to synthesize both naringenin and resveratrol, while Al4CL synthesized p-coumaroyl CoA. Co-culture of S. cerevisiae strains separately containing AlCHS and Al4CL resulted in the simultaneous production of naringenin (18.5 mg/L) and resveratrol (113.2 μg/L). Strain S. cerevisiae containing Al4CL was used in winemaking and the chemical and aroma compounds in wine were detected by HPLC and SPME-GC-MS. Results showed that the total contents of polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonol, ethyl esters and fatty acids significantly increased, while the 4-vinylphenol content decreased, and the fruit and cheese flavour increased but the green aroma declined. This study indicated the potential application of Al4CL and AlCHS genes from Alternaria sp. MG1 for improvement of wine nutrients and flavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China; College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yuyang Song
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Food Science, Xinyang College of Agriculture and Forestry, New 24 Street of Yangshan New District, Xinyang, Henan Province 464000, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Bing Pang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Han Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
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Yang Q, Wu M, Zhu YL, Yang YQ, Mei YZ, Dai CC. The disruption of the MAPKK gene triggering the synthesis of flavonoids in endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:119-132. [PMID: 33128663 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, which are mainly extracted from plants, are important antioxidants and play an important role in human diseases. However, the growing market demand is limited by low productivity and complex production processes. Herein, the flavonoids biosynthesis pathway of the endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris was revealed. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) of the strain was disrupted using a newly constructed CRISPR-Cas9 system mediated by two gRNAs which was conducive to cause plasmid loss. The disruption of the MAPKK gene triggered the biosynthesis of flavonoids against stress and resulted in the precipitation of flavonoids from fermentation broth. Naringenin, kaempferol and quercetin were detected in fed-batch fermentation with yields of 5.65 mg/L, 1.96 mg/L and 2.37 mg/L from P. liquidambaris for dry cell weigh using the mixture of glucose and xylose and corn steep powder as carbon source and nitrogen source for 72 h, respectively. The biosynthesis of flavonoids was triggered by disruption of MAPKK gene in P. liquidambaris and the mutant could utilize xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Jeandet P, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Silva AS, Clément C, Nabavi SF, Battino M, Rasekhian M, Belwal T, Habtemariam S, Koffas M, Nabavi SM. Whole-cell biocatalytic, enzymatic and green chemistry methods for the production of resveratrol and its derivatives. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 39:107461. [PMID: 31678221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol and the biosynthetically related stilbenes are plant secondary metabolites with diverse pharmacological effects. The versatile functions of these compounds in plant defense mechanisms as phytoalexins on one hand, and in human health as potential pharmaceutical agents on the other, have attracted lots of interest in recent years to understand their biosynthetic pathways and their biological properties. Because of difficulties in obtaining resveratrol and its glucosylated derivatives as well as oligomeric forms in sufficient amounts for evaluation of their activity by plant sourcing or total synthesis, biotechnology may provide a competitive approach for the large-scale and low cost production of biologically active stilbenes. Additionally, one major limitation in the use of resveratrol and related aglycone derivatives as therapeutic agents is associated with their inherent poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. This article examines approaches for the synthesis of potential pharmacologically resveratrol derivatives in vivo by exploiting whole microorganisms, enzymatic and biocatalytic approaches allowing their full utilization for medicine, food and cosmetic applications. These methods also have the advantage of enabling the one-step production of stilbene compounds, compared to the time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly procedures used for their total synthesis or their extraction from plants. Increasing the desired products yield and biological activity through glucosylation (β-D-glucosides versus α-D-glucosides) and oligomerization methodologies of resveratrol including green chemistry methods in organic solvent-free media are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Christophe Clément
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Mahsa Rasekhian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Room 4005D, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran.
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Wu JC, Hou Y, Xu Q, Jin XJ, Chen Y, Fang J, Hu B, Wu QX. (±)-Alternamgin, a Pair of Enantiomeric Polyketides, from the Endophytic Fungi Alternaria sp. MG1. Org Lett 2019; 21:1551-1554. [PMID: 30789736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A pair of enantiomeric polyketides, (+)- and (-)-alternamgin (1), featuring an unprecedented 6/6/6/6/5/6/6 seven ring backbone, were isolated from the endophytic fungi Alternaria sp. MG1. The relative configuration of 1 was determined using X-ray diffraction, and the absolute configurations of (±)-1 were confirmed by comparing the experimental and calculated ECD data. Plausible biosynthetic pathways for 1 were proposed. Compound (-)-1 exhibited moderate necrosis rates to Hela and HepG2 cells, but (+)-1 only showed similar necrosis rates to HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Jin
- College of Pharmacy , Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine , Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Burong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine , Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
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Lu Y, Ye C, Che J, Xu X, Shao D, Jiang C, Liu Y, Shi J. Genomic sequencing, genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction, and in silico flux analysis of the grape endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. MG1. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:13. [PMID: 30678677 PMCID: PMC6345013 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternaria sp. MG1, an endophytic fungus isolated from grape, is a native producer of resveratrol, which has important application potential. However, the metabolic characteristics and physiological behavior of MG1 still remains mostly unraveled. In addition, the resveratrol production of the strain is low. Thus, the whole-genome sequencing is highly required for elucidating the resveratrol biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the metabolic network model of MG1 was constructed to provide a computational guided approach for improving the yield of resveratrol. RESULTS Firstly, a draft genomic sequence of MG1 was generated with a size of 34.7 Mbp and a GC content of 50.96%. Genome annotation indicated that MG1 possessed complete biosynthesis pathways for stilbenoids, flavonoids, and lignins. Eight secondary metabolites involved in these pathways were detected by GC-MS analysis, confirming the metabolic diversity of MG1. Furthermore, the first genome-scale metabolic network of Alternaria sp. MG1 (named iYL1539) was reconstructed, accounting for 1539 genes, 2231 metabolites, and 2255 reactions. The model was validated qualitatively and quantitatively by comparing the in silico simulation with experimental data, and the results showed a high consistency. In iYL1539, 56 genes were identified as growth essential in rich medium. According to constraint-based analysis, the importance of cofactors for the resveratrol biosynthesis was successfully demonstrated. Ethanol addition was predicted in silico to be an effective method to improve resveratrol production by strengthening acetyl-CoA synthesis and pentose phosphate pathway, and was verified experimentally with a 26.31% increase of resveratrol. Finally, 6 genes were identified as potential targets for resveratrol over-production by the recently developed methodology. The target-genes were validated using salicylic acid as elicitor, leading to an increase of resveratrol yield by 33.32% and the expression of gene 4CL and CHS by 1.8- and 1.6-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study details the diverse capability and key genes of Alternaria sp. MG1 to produce multiple secondary metabolites. The first model of the species Alternaria was constructed, providing an overall understanding of the physiological behavior and metabolic characteristics of MG1. The model is a highly useful tool for enhancing productivity by rational design of the metabolic pathway for resveratrol and other secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Department of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang J, Zang S, Bai B, Fan S. Isolation and screening for limonin‐producing endophytic bacteria from
Citrus maxima
(Burm.) Merr. cv. Shatian Yu. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:192-201. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan China
| | - Sanli Zang
- College of Life ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan China
| | - Baoqing Bai
- College of Life ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan China
| | - Sanhong Fan
- College of Life ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan China
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Zhu J, Lu K, Xu X, Wang X, Shi J. Purification and characterization of a novel glutamate dehydrogenase from Geotrichum candidum with higher alcohol and amino acid activity. AMB Express 2017; 7:9. [PMID: 28050850 PMCID: PMC5209314 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude enzyme from Geotrichum candidum S12 exhibited high activity towards hexanol at pH 4.0, distinguishing it from currently known enzymes. To identify the dominant enzyme contributing to this activity, the crude enzyme extract was separated into different fractions by ammonium sulfate precipitation, MonoQ anion-exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. Afraction with high activity towards hexanol at pH 4.0 was obtained, exhibiting 38-fold improved purity and a specific activity of 3802.7 U/mg. After electrophoretic analysis, the fraction showed a molecular weight of 223 kDa by Native-PAGE and 51.4 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified fraction was identified as a glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) by peptide mass fingerprinting data. This fraction showed high activity towards glutamate, α-ketoglutarate, hexanol, and isoamyl alcohol with a Km value of 41.74, 4.01, 20.37, and 19.37 mM, respectively, but with no activity towards methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isobutanol. As a comparison, the GDH from yeast had no activity towards hexanol and other alcohols. Kinetic analysis revealed that glutamate and hexanol served as competitive inhibitors to each other for the purified GDH. The GDH showed the highest activity towards hexanol at pH 4.0 and 30 °C, and was the most stable at pH 2.2-7.0 and ≤40 °C. The presence of ADP, Fe2+, K+, and Zn2+ increased the enzymatic activity towards hexanol and EDTA, Pb2+, Mn2+, ATP, and DTT decreased the activity. These novel characteristics expand the reported properties of GDH and suggest the newly characterized GDH has unique potential for practical application.
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Che JX, Shi JL, Lu Y, Liu YL. Validation of reference genes for normalization of gene expression by qRT-PCR in a resveratrol-producing entophytic fungus (Alternaria sp. MG1). AMB Express 2016; 6:106. [PMID: 27826948 PMCID: PMC5101243 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria sp. MG1, an endophytic fungus isolated from Vitis vinifera, can independently produce resveratrol, indicating that this species contains the key genes for resveratrol biosynthesis. Identification of these key genes is essential to understand the resveratrol biosynthesis pathway in this strain, which is currently unknown in microorganisms. qRT-PCR is an efficient and widely used method to identify the key genes related to unknown pathways at the level of gene expression. Verification of stable reference genes in this strain is essential for qRT-PCR data normalization, although results have been reported for other Alternaria sp. strains. In this study, nine candidate reference genes including TUBA, EF1, EF2, UBC, UFD, RPS5, RPS24, ACTB and 18S were evaluated for expression stability in a diverse set of six samples representing different growth periods. We compared cell culture conditions and an optimized condition for resveratrol production. The comparison of the results was performed using four statistical softwares. A combination of TUBA and EF1 was found to be suitable for normalization of Alternaria sp. MG1 in different developmental stages, and 18S was found to be the least stable. The reference genes verified in this study will facilitate further research to explore gene expression and molecular mechanisms as well as the improvement of secondary metabolite yields in Alternaria sp. MG1. To our knowledge, this is the first validation of reference genes in Alternaria with the capability to produce resveratrol. Additionally, these results provide useful guidelines for the selection of reference genes in other Alternaria species.
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Che J, Shi J, Gao Z, Zhang Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Genetic Basis of the Resveratrol Biosynthesis Pathway in an Endophytic Fungus (Alternaria sp. MG1) Isolated from Vitis vinifera. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1257. [PMID: 27588016 PMCID: PMC4988973 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria sp. MG1, an endophytic fungus previously isolated from Merlot grape, produces resveratrol from glucose, showing similar metabolic flux to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, currently found solely in plants. In order to identify the resveratrol biosynthesis pathway in this strain at the gene level, de novo transcriptome sequencing was conducted using Illumina paired-end sequencing. A total of 22,954,434 high-quality reads were assembled into contigs and 18,570 unigenes were identified. Among these unigenes, 14,153 were annotated in the NCBI non-redundant protein database and 5341 were annotated in the Swiss-Prot database. After KEGG mapping, 2701 unigenes were mapped onto 115 pathways. Eighty-four unigenes were annotated in major pathways from glucose to resveratrol, coding 20 enzymes for glycolysis, 10 for phenylalanine biosynthesis, 4 for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and 4 for stilbenoid biosynthesis. Chalcone synthase was identified for resveratrol biosynthesis in this strain, due to the absence of stilbene synthase. All the identified enzymes indicated a reasonable biosynthesis pathway from glucose to resveratrol via glycolysis, phenylalanine biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and stilbenoid pathways. These results provide essential evidence for the occurrence of resveratrol biosynthesis in Alternaria sp. MG1 at the gene level, facilitating further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in this strain's secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Che
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University Yangling, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University Yangling, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University Yangling, China
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Strategies for enhancing resveratrol production and the expression of pathway enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7407-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Yu M, Liu H, Yang Y, Shi A, Liu L, Hui H, Wang Q. Optimisation for resveratrol accumulation during peanut germination with phenylalanine feeding & ultrasound-treatment using response surface methodology. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Food Science; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang 110161 China
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; P.O. Box 5109 Beijing 100193 China
- Institute of Food and Processing; Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shenyang 110161 China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; P.O. Box 5109 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; P.O. Box 5109 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Aimin Shi
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; P.O. Box 5109 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; P.O. Box 5109 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Hui Hui
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; P.O. Box 5109 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; P.O. Box 5109 Beijing 100193 China
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Liu L, Gao Z, Che J, Shao D, Liu Y. Bioconversion of Pinoresinol Diglucoside and Pinoresinol from Substrates in the Phenylpropanoid Pathway by Resting Cells of Phomopsis sp.XP-8. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137066. [PMID: 26331720 PMCID: PMC4557914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) and pinoresinol (Pin) are normally produced by plant cells via the phenylpropanoid pathway. This study reveals the existence of a related pathway in Phomopsis sp. XP-8, a PDG-producing fungal strain isolated from the bark of the Tu-chung tree (Eucommiaulmoides Oliv.). After addition of 0.15 g/L glucose to Phomopsis sp. XP-8, PDG and Pin formed when phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, cinnamic acid, and p-coumaric acid were used as the substrates respectively. No PDG formed in the absence of glucose, but Pin was detected after addition of all these substrates except leucine. In all systems in the presence of glucose, production of PDG and/or Pin and the accumulation of phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, or p-coumaric acid correlated directly with added substrate in a time- and substrate concentration- dependent manner. After analysis of products produced after addition of each substrate, the mass flow sequence for PDG and Pin biosynthesis was defined as: glucose to phenylalanine, phenylalanine to cinnamic acid, then to p-coumaric acid, and finally to Pin or PDG. During the bioconversion, the activities of four key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway were also determined and correlated with accumulation of their corresponding products. PDG production by Phomopsis sp. exhibits greater efficiency and cost effectiveness than the currently-used plant-based system and will pave the way for large scale production of PDG and/or Pin for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 28 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Laping Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 28 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Zhenhong Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 28 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Jinxin Che
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 28 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- College of enology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Gao Z, Yangwu R, Jiang H, Che J, Liu Y. Production of pinoresinol diglucoside, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol by Phomopsis sp. XP-8 using mung bean and its major components. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4629-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mei YZ, Liu RX, Wang DP, Wang X, Dai CC. Biocatalysis and biotransformation of resveratrol in microorganisms. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:9-18. [PMID: 25179823 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a major stilbene phytoalexin, is a valuable polyphenol that has been recognized for its benefits to human health. Resveratrol has antioxidant and antitumor effects and promotes longevity. It is used in medicine, health care products, cosmetics, and other industries. Therefore, a sustainable source for resveratrol production is required. This review describes the metabolic engineering of microorganisms, the biotransformation and biosynthesis of endophytes and the oxidation or degradation of resveratrol. We compare various available methods for resveratrol production, and summarize the practical challenges facing the microbial production of resveratrol. The future research direction for resveratrol is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
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