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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07036. [PMID: 35035581 PMCID: PMC8753587 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine Herpesvirus-1 infection has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of: Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of the disease to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of the disease according to disease prevention and control measures as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to Equine Herpesvirus-1 infection. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, and expert judgement on each criterion at individual and collective level. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether the criterion is fulfilled (66-100%) or not (0-33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment (33-66%). For the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. According to the assessment performed, Equine Herpesvirus-1 infection can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the Animal Health Law with 33-90% certainty. According to the criteria as in Annex IV of the AHL related to Article 9 of the AHL for the categorisation of diseases according to the level of prevention and control, it was assessed with less than 1% certainty that EHV-1 fulfils the criteria as in Section 1 (category A), 1-5% for the criteria as in Section 2 (category B), 10-66% for the criteria as in Section 3 (category C), 66-90% for the criteria as in Section 4 (category D) and 33-90% for the criteria as in Section 5 (category E). The animal species to be listed for EHV-1 infection according to Article 8(3) criteria are the species belonging to the families of Equidae, Bovidae, Camelidae, Caviidae, Cervidae, Cricetidae, Felidae, Giraffidae, Leporidae, Muridae, Rhinocerontidae, Tapiridae and Ursidae.
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Luo F, Lian Z, Niu Y, Lü A, Hu X, Xie X, Sun J. Molecular characterization of carp edema virus disease: An emerging threat to koi Cyprinus carpio in China. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104551. [PMID: 33011362 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carp edema virus disease (CEVD) has resulted in great economic losses in koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) populations in the world. In this study, the diseased koi were diagnosed as CEV infection based on 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) and 4a protein genes by the conventional PCR, nested PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the TJ201708 strain was classified into the genogroup IIa. Furthermore, qPCR of 5'UTR gene revealed that the lowest detection limit was 4.0 fg/μL. The pathogenicity of CEV for koi was demonstrated in the infection experiments. Histopathological examination revealed the petechial hemorrhages of liver and spleen, vacuolization of lamina propria of intestine and swelling and necrosis of respiratory epithelial cells of gills. To our knowledge, this is the first report the qPCR of 5'UTR gene in the detection of carp edema virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Luo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhengyi Lian
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Aijun Lü
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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Li L, Hu Z, Sun J, Guo K, Chu X, Wang X, Lu Y. Development of an EvaGreen-based real-time PCR assay for detection of Aleutian mink disease virus. J Virol Methods 2019; 275:113751. [PMID: 31639372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific EvaGreen (EG)-based real-time PCR assay capable of detecting Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) and to evaluate the reliability of the assay for analysis of blood or tissue samples. For this assay, a pair of primers was designed based on a nonstructural protein (NS)-encoding gene of AMDV, and the identity of PCR products was identified based on a melting temperature of 82.8°C. The EG-based real-time PCR assay did not detect canine distemper virus or mink enteritis virus, and the assay could be used to detect Chinese and American AMDV strains, in contrast to a commercial TaqMan kit that could only detect American AMDV strains. The amplification efficiencies of the EG assay were 104.8% for the Chinese strain and 94.4% for the American strain, and the detection limit was 1 copy/μL of AMDV plasmid or 3 pg/μL of viral DNA (Chinese strain). The intra- and inter-assay variation coefficients of melting temperature were all lower than 0.15%, confirming the high reproducibility of the assay. Forty-five clinical blood samples were simultaneously analyzed using the EG real-time PCR, TaqMan kit and conventional PCR, and the detection rates were 91.1%, 0.0% and 86.7%, respectively. Serum samples were also collected from the corresponding blood samples and tested using the counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) assay, where positive samples accounted for 24.4% of the 45 samples. In conclusion, EG-based real-time PCR is a rapid, sensitive, universal assay that can be effectively utilized as a reliable and specific tool for detection and quantitation of AMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, PR China; Harbin Customs District P.R. China, 88 Songshan Road, Harbin 150008, PR China
| | - Zhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jinhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150001, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Kui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Shi W, Wang Y, Ren X, Gao S, Hua X, Guo M, Tang L, Xu Y, Ren T, Li Y, Liu M. EvaGreen-based real-time PCR assay for sensitive detection of salmonid alphavirus. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 39:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Qi T, Hu Y, Hu Z, Zhao S, Cullinane A, Lyons P, Gildea S, Wang X. Development of an antigen-capture ELISA for the quantitation of equine arteritis virus in culture supernatant. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1469-1478. [PMID: 29435711 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantitation of virions is one of the important indexes in virological studies. To establish a sensitive and rapid quantitative detection method for equine arteritis virus (EAV), an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) was developed by using two EAV nucleoprotein monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 2B9 and 2B3, prepared in this study. After condition optimization, mAb 2B9 was used as the capture antibody, and HRP-labeled 2B3 was chosen as the detecting antibody. The AC-ELISA had a good standard curve when viral particles of the Bucyrus EAV strain were used as a reference standard. The detection limit for the Bucyrus EAV strain was 36 PFU, and the method had a good linear relationship between 72-2297 PFU. The AC-ELISA could specifically detect the Bucyrus EAV strain and had no cross-reaction with other equine viruses. The sensitivity of the AC-ELISA was much higher than that of a western blotting assay but lower than that of a real-time PCR method. However, as a quantitative antigen detection method, the sensitivity of the AC-ELISA was approximately 300 times than the western blotting assay. Furthermore, the AC-ELISA assay could be successfully used in quantification of viral content in an in vitro infection assay, such as a one-step growth curve of EAV, as well as in a transfection assay, such as virus rescue from an infectious cDNA clone of EAV. These results show that the AC-ELISA established in this study is a good alternative for antigen detection of EAV, being a simple, convenient and quantitative detection method for EAV antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Ann Cullinane
- Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Pamela Lyons
- Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sarah Gildea
- Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Sun Y, Chen G, Chen Y. Double-stranded DNA-scaffolded fluorescent probes for fluorescence imaging of cell-surface molecules. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA-scaffolded fluorescent probes were developed for fluorescence imaging of molecules on cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghua Liu
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Guo Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
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7
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Diseases of the Nervous System. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7322266 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Cheng N, Xu Y, Yan X, Shang Y, Zhu P, Tian W, Liang Z, Xu W. An Advanced Visual Qualitative and EVA Green-Based Quantitative Isothermal Amplification Method to Detect L
isteria Monocytogenes. J Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cheng
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yuancong Xu
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xinghua Yan
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Ying Shang
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Pengyu Zhu
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wenying Tian
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
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10
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Navarro E, Serrano-Heras G, Castaño MJ, Solera J. Real-time PCR detection chemistry. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 439:231-50. [PMID: 25451956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Real-time PCR is the method of choice in many laboratories for diagnostic and food applications. This technology merges the polymerase chain reaction chemistry with the use of fluorescent reporter molecules in order to monitor the production of amplification products during each cycle of the PCR reaction. Thus, the combination of excellent sensitivity and specificity, reproducible data, low contamination risk and reduced hand-on time, which make it a post-PCR analysis unnecessary, has made real-time PCR technology an appealing alternative to conventional PCR. The present paper attempts to provide a rigorous overview of fluorescent-based methods for nucleic acid analysis in real-time PCR described in the literature so far. Herein, different real-time PCR chemistries have been classified into two main groups; the first group comprises double-stranded DNA intercalating molecules, such as SYBR Green I and EvaGreen, whereas the second includes fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides. The latter, in turn, has been divided into three subgroups according to the type of fluorescent molecules used in the PCR reaction: (i) primer-probes (Scorpions, Amplifluor, LUX, Cyclicons, Angler); (ii) probes; hydrolysis (TaqMan, MGB-TaqMan, Snake assay) and hybridization (Hybprobe or FRET, Molecular Beacons, HyBeacon, MGB-Pleiades, MGB-Eclipse, ResonSense, Yin-Yang or displacing); and (iii) analogues of nucleic acids (PNA, LNA, ZNA, non-natural bases: Plexor primer, Tiny-Molecular Beacon). In addition, structures, mechanisms of action, advantages and applications of such real-time PCR probes and analogues are depicted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Navarro
- Research Unit, General University Hospital, Laurel s/n, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
| | - G Serrano-Heras
- Research Unit, General University Hospital, Laurel s/n, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
| | - M J Castaño
- Research Unit, General University Hospital, Laurel s/n, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
| | - J Solera
- Internal Medicine Department, General University Hospital, Hermanos Falcó 37, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
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