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Li L, Hu Z, Sun J, Guo K, Chu X, Wang X, Lu Y. Development of an EvaGreen-based real-time PCR assay for detection of Aleutian mink disease virus. J Virol Methods 2019; 275:113751. [PMID: 31639372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific EvaGreen (EG)-based real-time PCR assay capable of detecting Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) and to evaluate the reliability of the assay for analysis of blood or tissue samples. For this assay, a pair of primers was designed based on a nonstructural protein (NS)-encoding gene of AMDV, and the identity of PCR products was identified based on a melting temperature of 82.8°C. The EG-based real-time PCR assay did not detect canine distemper virus or mink enteritis virus, and the assay could be used to detect Chinese and American AMDV strains, in contrast to a commercial TaqMan kit that could only detect American AMDV strains. The amplification efficiencies of the EG assay were 104.8% for the Chinese strain and 94.4% for the American strain, and the detection limit was 1 copy/μL of AMDV plasmid or 3 pg/μL of viral DNA (Chinese strain). The intra- and inter-assay variation coefficients of melting temperature were all lower than 0.15%, confirming the high reproducibility of the assay. Forty-five clinical blood samples were simultaneously analyzed using the EG real-time PCR, TaqMan kit and conventional PCR, and the detection rates were 91.1%, 0.0% and 86.7%, respectively. Serum samples were also collected from the corresponding blood samples and tested using the counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) assay, where positive samples accounted for 24.4% of the 45 samples. In conclusion, EG-based real-time PCR is a rapid, sensitive, universal assay that can be effectively utilized as a reliable and specific tool for detection and quantitation of AMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, PR China; Harbin Customs District P.R. China, 88 Songshan Road, Harbin 150008, PR China
| | - Zhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jinhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150001, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Kui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Farid AH, Hussain I. A comparison between intraperitoneal injection and intranasal and oral inoculation of mink with Aleutian mink disease virus. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:85-92. [PMID: 30856435 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal, with (INS) and without (IN) sedation, and oral inoculation were compared with intraperitoneal (IP) injection for establishing infection with a local isolate of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) in 35 American mink. Blood samples were collected on 0, 21, 36 and 56 day post-inoculation (dpi). Antiviral-antibodies and viral DNA in plasma and tissues were measured by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and PCR, respectively. The presence of AMDV DNA was tested by PCR in saliva, rectal and fecal samples collected on 0, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36 and 56 dpi. Animals were killed at 56 dpi, samples of six organs were tested for antibody and AMDV DNA, and samples of the lungs, liver, kidneys and heart were subjected to histology. Viral DNA was detected in the spleen, lungs and lymph nodes of all inoculated mink on 56 dpi, indicating that all inoculation routes caused infection in mink. Viral DNA and antibodies were detected in plasma of all IP and INS inoculated mink by 36 dpi, but some animals which were inoculated orally or via IN remained seronegative by 56 dpi. It was concluded that INS route was the most effective method for establishing infection in mink without breaking the integrity of the animals' anatomical barriers. Viremia was short-lived in some mink, whereas antibody production persisted in seroconverted animals during the duration of the experiment. Saliva, rectal and fecal samples did not accurately detect infection. Histologic lesions of AD were observed on the four organs of most mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hossain Farid
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada
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Ma F, Zhang L, Wang Y, Lu R, Hu B, Lv S, Xue X, Li X, Ling M, Fan S, Zhang H, Yan X. Development of a Peptide ELISA for the Diagnosis of Aleutian Mink Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165793. [PMID: 27802320 PMCID: PMC5089682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aleutian disease (AD) is a common immunosuppressive disease in mink farms world-wide. Since the 1980s, counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) has been the main detection method for infection with the Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV). In this study, six peptides derived from the AMDV structural protein VP2 were designed, synthesized, and used as ELISA antigens to detect anti-AMDV antibodies in the sera of infected minks. Serum samples were collected from 764 minks in farms from five different provinces, and analyzed by both CIEP (a gold standard) and peptide ELISA. A peptide designated P1 (415 aa-433 aa) exhibited good antigenicity. A novel ELISA was developed using ovalbumin-linked peptide P1 to detect anti-AMDV antibodies in mink sera. The sensitivity and specificity of the peptide ELISA was 98.0% and 97.5%, respectively. Moreover, the ELISA also detected 342 early-stage infected samples (negative by CIEP and positive by PCR), of which 43.6% (149/342) were true positives. These results showed that the peptide ELISA had better sensitivity compared with CIEP, and therefore could be preferable over CIEP for detecting anti-AMDV antibodies in serological screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanshu Ma
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Rongguang Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianghong Xue
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyu Ling
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Sining Fan
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Wan H, Feng E, Wu H, Yang Y, Ni J, Chen L. [Research into the antibody detection technology of mink plasmacytosis and its current applications]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2015; 31:85-90. [PMID: 25997336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mink plasmacytosis, caused by Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV), poses a threat to the development of the animal fur industry. Neutralizing antibodies against AMDV may result in a persistent infection rather than providing protection for minks. To date,no specific methods to prevent or cure this disease have been developed. In order to eliminate mink plasmacytosis, antibody detection technology has been used globally as a dominant approach to screen for AMDV-positive minks. This paper introduces the classical technology, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and emerging technology in terms of AMDV antibody detection,and provides a glimpse into the future development of these technologies.
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Jensen TH, Hammer AS, Chriél M. Monitoring chronic infection with a field strain of Aleutian mink disease virus. Vet Microbiol 2013; 168:420-7. [PMID: 24389253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) readily spread within farmed mink and causes chronic infections with significant impacts for welfare and economy. In the present study a currently circulating Danish AMDV strain was used to induce chronic experimental infection of farmed mink. PCR was used to detect viral DNA in full blood, organs, faeces and oro-nasal swabs weekly for the first 8 weeks and then biweekly for another 16 weeks after AMDV challenge inoculation of wild type mink. The mink (n=29) was infected and seroconverted 2-3 weeks after AMDV inoculation and AMDV antibodies persisted during the maximum experimental period of 24 weeks. Viraemia and faecal excretion of viral DNA was detected in the mink (n=29) at various and intermittent time intervals. Excretion of viral DNA in oro-nasal swabs was detected for 1-8 weeks in 21 mink. This highlights the risk of transmitting AMDV between infected farms. PCR was successfully used to detect viral DNA in organs 8, 16 and 24 weeks after AMDV inoculation with only minor differences between these weeks which is of diagnostic interest. This AMDV challenge model was also used to mimic natural infection of susceptible sapphire mink. Four of 6 sapphire mink were infected indirectly via the AMDV inoculated wild type mink whereas the other 2 sapphire mink remained uninfected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Hammer Jensen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Anne Sofie Hammer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mariann Chriél
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Abstract
This report describes the use of polymerase chain reaction and DNA in situ hybridization to diagnose Aleutian mink disease parvovirus DNA in various tissue specimens from 2 companion striped skunks. Clinical, laboratory, and microscopic findings also support a clinical diagnosis of Aleutian disease in these mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Pennick
- Department of University Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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Zeng XW, Hua YP, Liang DY. [Prokaryotic expression and detective application of the main antigenic region of VP2 protein of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2007; 47:1088-1090. [PMID: 18271270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To research safer diagnosis antigen for ADV, the main antigenic region VP2a and VP2b gene of ADV were obtained by restriction digestion of the recombinant plasmids pMD-VP2a and pMD-VP2b. Then the genes were respectively cloned into pMAL-c2 to get two prokaryotic recombinant plasmids pMAL-VPa and pMAL-VPb. The target genes were successfully expressed in the host cell TB1 when induced by IPTG. The Western blot analysis proved the recombinant proteins have good antigenic. The recombinant proteins were purified by KCL dyeing method, and were used as antigen to establish VP2-CIEP for AD diagnoses. The detection result shared 94.3% identity with that of CIEP. The results reported here show that VP2-CIEP is highly sensitive and specific and can benefit the research on the serodiagnosis to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Hammer AS, Dietz HH, Hamilton-Dutoit S. Immunohistochemical detection of 3 viral infections in paraffin-embedded tissue from mink (Mustela vison): a tissue-microarray-based study. Can J Vet Res 2007; 71:8-13. [PMID: 17193876 PMCID: PMC1635994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were developed and tested for the detection of 3 viral infections in archived paraffin-embedded mink tissue. Specimens had been obtained from mink with diagnoses of acute Aleutian disease (AD), mink parvoviral enteritis (MVE), or canine distemper (CD) made by means of routine diagnostic procedures. To improve the efficiency and reduce the costs of IHC analyses, tissue microarray (TMA) technology was used. Representative cores 2 mm in diameter from each tissue specimen and from positive- and negative-control specimens were collected in a TMA block. Immunohistochemical reactions to viral antigens were assessed and graded. Positive reactions were found in 91% of the 32 specimens from mink with AD, 53% to 80% of the 60 specimens from mink with MVE, and all 66 of the specimens from mink with CD. To validate the use of TMAs, the IHC methods were applied to whole-mount paraffin-embedded sections of 10 of the positive specimens for each disease, together with whole-mount sections of small intestine and lung tissue from 2 healthy mink. The IHC grading of the TMA cores and the whole-mount sections from the same animal corresponded completely. These results suggest that IHC demonstration of viral antigen allows rapid and reliable diagnosis of the 3 viral infections in mink and is a potential supplement to histologic diagnostic procedures. The TMA technique proved useful for screening large numbers of samples for expression of specific viral antigens, while reducing overall costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Hammer
- Department of Poultry, Fish and Fur Animals, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, 2 Hangoevej, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
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Abstract
A 3-year-old female ferret died five days after admission to a veterinary clinic for treatment of acute dyspnea and posterior paresis. Blood chemistry showed no hypergammaglobulinemia. Histopathological examination revealed mild to severe inflammatory infiltrates, composed mostly of plasma cells, in multiple organs. Lesions were especially severe in the kidneys, where focal segmental membranous glomerulopathy was also present. In the liver, in addition to lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltration in periportal areas, dilatation and proliferation of the bile ducts were seen. On analysis of PCR products, using primers directed against the gene encoding Aleutian disease (AD) viral capsid and formalin-fixed kidney samples, we detected a single band of about 400 bp, specific to the AD virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Une
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Jackson MK, Winslow SG, Dockery LD, Jones JK, Sisson DV. Investigation of an outbreak of Aleutian disease on a commercial mink ranch. Am J Vet Res 1996; 57:1706-10. [PMID: 8950422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the modes of transmission of Aleutian mink disease in a natural outbreak. ANIMALS 5,580 black and 9,087 brown mink from a ranch with an outbreak of Aleutian mink disease. PROCEDURE Each mink had serum tested by counter-electrophoresis for Aleutian disease antibody. If a mink was seropositive for Aleutian disease virus by counter-electrophoresis, it was considered to be infected. Correlation of prevalence of the disease in kits and parents was determined. Spatial arrangement of infected and un-infected mink also was studied. RESULTS Infected black dams were more likely to produce infected kits than were uninfected dams. In contrast, infected black sires were less likely to produce infected kits than were uninfected sires. In brown mink, in which prevalence of Aleutian disease was lower, transmission from infected dams and sires to kits was apparent. Infected black mink appeared to be more efficient in transmitting the disease horizontally than were infected brown mink. Although the spatial arrangement of infected mink indicated that mechanical transmission of the disease may be the most efficient mode of horizontal transmission, airborne transmission also occurred. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Infected sires with nonprogressive Aleutian disease may confer protection to their kits in the face of a severe outbreak. Brown mink may be less able to transmit the virus horizontally than are black mink. Airborne transmission is substantial, but may not be as efficient as mechanical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Jackson
- Department of Animal Science, Utah State University, Logan 84322, USA
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Rozengurt N, Stewart D, Sanchez S. Diagnostic exercise: ataxia and incoordination in ferrets. Lab Anim Sci 1995; 45:432-4. [PMID: 7474885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Rozengurt
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, London, England
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Wu WH, Bloom ME, Berry BD, McGinley MJ, Platt KB. Expression of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus capsid proteins in a baculovirus expression system for potential diagnostic use. J Vet Diagn Invest 1994; 6:23-9. [PMID: 8011776 DOI: 10.1177/104063879400600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2.3-kb cDNA clone encoding Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) structural proteins VP1 and VP2 was inserted into the polyhedron gene of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) and expressed by the recombinant virus, AcADV-1, in Spodoptera frugiperda-9 cells. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western immunoblot analysis (WIA) indicated that synthesis of both VP1 and VP2 was being directed by AcADV-1. Fluorescence microscopic examination of AcADV-1-infected S. frugiperda-9 cells indicated that the recombinant protein was present within the nucleus of the cells, and electron microscopic examination of these cells revealed the presence of small particles 23-25 nm in diameter. Structures resembling empty ADV capsids could be purified on CsCl density gradients, thus indicating that the ADV proteins were self-assembling. The antigenicity of recombinant VP1 and VP2 was evaluated by WIA. Sera collected from 16 mink prior to infection with ADV did not react with VP1 and VP2. Ten sera collected from mink with counter current immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) titers greater than 4 (log2) reacted with VP1 and VP2 in WIA. Two of 6 sera with CIE titers of 4 and 1 of 14 sera with CIE titers < 4 reacted with the recombinant proteins. These results suggest that baculovirus recombinant ADV capsid proteins may be useful as diagnostic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Abstract
Aleutian disease was diagnosed as the cause of posterior ataxia and paresis in domestic ferrets. Six serologically positive animals (four clinically affected and two unaffected) were investigated in detail and seven other clinically affected ferrets were also identified. The diagnostic findings included hypergammaglobulinaemia, histological lesions in the central nervous system and parvovirus-like particles in mesenteric lymph nodes. A wider serological survey of 446 animals owned by members of a ferret club revealed an incidence of 8.5 per cent seropositive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de B Welchman
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Veterinary Investigation Centre, Itchen Abbas, Winchester, Hampshire
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Palley LS, Corning BF, Fox JG, Murphy JC, Gould DH. Parvovirus-associated syndrome (Aleutian disease) in two ferrets. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:100-6. [PMID: 1644626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of information regarding natural Aleutian disease, caused by a parvovirus in ferrets. With the increasing popularity of ferrets as household pets and laboratory animals, and with the advent of a USDA-approved rabies vaccine, the occurrence and the etiopathogenesis of naturally acquired diseases in ferrets needs to be documented. We present the clinical and laboratory findings associated with Aleutian disease in 2 domestic ferrets, one with the chronic wasting form of the disease and one with the central nervous system form.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Palley
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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Clemens DL, Wolfinbarger JB, Mori S, Berry BD, Hayes SF, Bloom ME. Expression of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus capsid proteins by a recombinant vaccinia virus: self-assembly of capsid proteins into particles. J Virol 1992; 66:3077-85. [PMID: 1313919 PMCID: PMC241069 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.66.5.3077-3085.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A portion of a cDNA clone containing coding sequences for both structural proteins (VP1 and VP2) of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) was inserted into recombinant vaccinia viruses, VV:ADSP. Immunohistochemical staining of VV:ADSP-infected cells revealed that the ADV antigen was readily detected and localized in the nuclei of infected cells. Analysis of VV:ADSP-infected cell lystates indicated that both VP1 and VP2 were produced and comigrated with authentic VP1 and VP2 from ADV-infected Crandell feline kidney cells. These results suggested, therefore, that both VP1 and VP2 were synthesized from a single cloned transcript. CsCl density gradient centrifugation of partially purified VV:ADSP-infected cell lysates indicated that the majority of the antigen was located in a fraction with a density near 1.33 g/ml, indicative of empty ADV particles. Subsequent electron microscopic examination revealed the presence of 27-nm icosahedral virion-like structures at the same density, suggesting that the proteins self-assembled into empty virions. Furthermore, sera from eight of eight mice inoculated with VV:ADSP contained ADV-specific antibodies and two of these eight serum samples had neutralizing activity, indicating that the particles produced in VV:ADSP-infected cells were immunogenic. Finally, when lysates from VV:ADSP-infected cells were compared with standard ADV antigens in counterimmunoelectrophoresis assays, a similar pattern of specific reactivity was observed for sera from normal and infected mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Clemens
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840
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Nieto JM, Alvarez C, Flores JM, Romano J. Glomerular lesions in Aleutian disease of mink (Mustela vison): a morphological and differential morphometrical study. Histol Histopathol 1991; 6:141-8. [PMID: 1802115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A morphological and morphometrical study has been carried out on glomerular lesions in mink with spontaneous Aleutian disease, using the WHO classification for Systemic Lupus Erytematous Nefritis. 154 renal samples from sick animals and 10 samples from uninfected mink were processed by routine histopathological techniques and metacrylate inclusions. The samples were studied quantitatively with an automatic image analyzer. 5 forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) were identified: mesangial glomerulonephritis (n = 13), focal and segmental GN (n = 10), diffuse GN (n = 99), membranous GN (n = 12) and advanced sclerosing GN (n = 10) and were associated with the degree of interstitial plasmocytosis. Glomerule morphometry was shown to be an excellent method for identifying the type of lesion, while it quantified the participation of various glomerular elements in the lesion.
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MESH Headings
- Aleutian Mink Disease/classification
- Aleutian Mink Disease/diagnosis
- Aleutian Mink Disease/pathology
- Animals
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Glomerulonephritis/classification
- Glomerulonephritis/diagnosis
- Glomerulonephritis/pathology
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/classification
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/diagnosis
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/pathology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/classification
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/diagnosis
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Kidney Diseases/classification
- Kidney Diseases/diagnosis
- Kidney Diseases/pathology
- Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/classification
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Male
- Mink
- World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Nieto
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Lugo, Spain
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Oxenham M. Aleutian disease in the ferret. Vet Rec 1990; 126:585. [PMID: 2368310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Aasted B, Alexandersen S, Cohn A, Hansen M. Counter current line absorption immunoelectrophoresis in an alternative diagnostic screening test to counter current immunoelectrophoresis in Aleutian disease (AD) eradication programs. Acta Vet Scand 1986; 27:410-20. [PMID: 3565202 PMCID: PMC8189383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Counter current immunoelectrophoresis (CCIE) is the diagnostic method used in the ongoing Aleutian disease virus eradication program on Danish mink farms. There has been an increasing demand for an alternative diagnostic test especially to evaluate suspected false positive CCIE reactions. We compared test results of a number of negative and positive mink sera in indirect counter current immunoelectrophoresis (ICCIE), counter current line absorption immunoelectrophoresis (CCLAIE) and radio immuno assay (RIA) with test results from counter current immunoelectrophoresis and found that counter current line absorption immunoelectrophoresis is the best alternative diagnostic screening test to counter current immunoelectrophoresis for Aleutian disease eradication programs. Not only proved the CCLAIE test to be useful for evaluation of doubtfully positive CCIE reactions, but it was found to have a higher sensitivity than the CCIE test.
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Müller-Peddinghaus R, Trautwein G. Studies on the pathogenesis of Aleutian disease of mink. XI. Differentiation of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1983; 30:434-54. [PMID: 6353811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1983.tb01865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Wright PF, Wilkie BN. Detection of antibody in Aleutian disease of mink: comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Am J Vet Res 1982; 43:865-8. [PMID: 6283966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were undertaken to investigate the potential of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a screening test for the diagnosis of the 2 known naturally occurring forms of Aleutian disease of mink. Anti-Aleutian disease virus (ADV) antibody activity was not detectable in the sera of mink with nonprogressive Aleutian disease despite the demonstration of antibody by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) in the same sera. Anti-ADV antibody was detectable in 93% of sera from mink at various stages of experimentally induced progressive Aleutian disease. False-negative reactions occurred in sera which demonstrated high anti-ADV antibody titers by CIEP. As a consequence of the high prevalence of false-negative reactions, the ELISA was not considered to be an effective screening test. However, using CIEP as an indicator of ADV infection, the ELISA may be useful in differentiating mink with nonprogressive Aleutian disease from mink with progressive Aleutian disease.
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Abstract
The counterimmunoelectrophorsis test was applied on three Aleutian disease virus-infected mink ranches for the detection of specific Aleutian disease virus antibody. All mink on the ranches were tested during the pelting season and before the breeding season for 4 consecutive years. Aleutian disease has been eliminated from the three commercial mink ranches by culling out all mink that were positive for Aleutian disease virus antibody.
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An SH, Ingram DG. Detection of inapparent Aleutian disease virus infection in mink. Am J Vet Res 1977; 38:1619-24. [PMID: 201189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The normal serum gamma-globulin centration of mink from the Ontario Veterinary College field station was 13.2 +/- 2.6% of total serum proteins. Mink serum gamma-globulin concentrations above 21%, which represented 3 standard deviations above the normal mean, were considered to be hypergammaglobulinemic. About 39% of pastel mink infected naturally with Aleutin disease virus (ADV) exhibited an inapparent or nonprogressive infection. These nonprogressivley infected mink had serum gamma-globulin values below 21% andhad antibody titers less than 256 if tested by the couterimmunoelectrophoresis technique. Mink maintained inapparent infection for at least 10 months after infection with ADV. Neither gross nor histopathologic changes were present in the mink with inapparent ADV infection. The virus persisted in blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, kidney, liver, and spleen of mink with non-progressive infection, although the amount of virus present probably was small.
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Brummerstedt E. Preparation of antigen for the counterimmunoelectrophoretic test for plasmacytosis in mink. Acta Vet Scand 1976; 17:395-402. [PMID: 189593 PMCID: PMC8383958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis as a test method for making the diagnosis of plasmacytosis in mink demands the specific virus antigen. The method for preparation of the antigen according to Cho & Ingram (1972 a, b) with minor modifications is described in details, and results obtained at 62 antigen preparations are presented. In addition an ultrafiltration method is outlined which may be useful as a replacement for ultracentrifugation procedures used in the technique described by Cho & Ingram (1974).
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Greenfield J, Walton R, Macdonald KR. Detection of Aleutian disease in mink: serum-plate agglutination using iodine compared with precipitation by agar-gel electrophoresis. Res Vet Sci 1973; 15:381-3. [PMID: 4134383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bauer S. [Slow viruses and CNS. II]. Nervenarzt 1973; 44:393-406. [PMID: 4582184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lin JH, Orofino D, Sherlock J, Letteri J, Duffy JL. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis, angiitis and myositis. Nephron Clin Pract 1973; 10:262-70. [PMID: 4633816 DOI: 10.1159/000180197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Tabel H, Ingram DG. Effect of Freund's adjuvant on standard dark and pastel mink. Can J Comp Med 1971; 35:115-20. [PMID: 4103598 PMCID: PMC1319560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Following a long series of injections of homologous immunoglobulin in complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvant into mink, a moderate elevation in the level of gammaglobulin in the serum was observed in a few animals. Relatively mild pathological changes also were seen in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs and kidney. It is concluded that the injection of Freund's adjuvant, under the experimental conditions described, produced lesions which were readily distinguishable from the lesions characteristic of aleutian disease of mink.
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Zwierzchowski J. [Value of the iodine agglutination test in health control on mink farm herds]. Monatsh Veterinarmed 1971; 26:103-6. [PMID: 5556564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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