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Tiwari D, Kumar N, Bongirwar R, Shukla P. Nutraceutical prospects of genetically engineered cyanobacteria- technological updates and significance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:263. [PMID: 38980547 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Genetically engineered cyanobacterial strains that have improved growth rate, biomass productivity, and metabolite productivity could be a better option for sustainable bio-metabolite production. The global demand for biobased metabolites with nutraceuticals and health benefits has increased due to their safety and plausible therapeutic and nutritional utility. Cyanobacteria are solar-powered green cellular factories that can be genetically tuned to produce metabolites with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical benefits. The present review discusses biotechnological endeavors for producing bioprospective compounds from genetically engineered cyanobacteria and discusses the challenges and troubleshooting faced during metabolite production. This review explores the cyanobacterial versatility, the use of engineered strains, and the techno-economic challenges associated with scaling up metabolite production from cyanobacteria. Challenges to produce cyanobacterial bioactive compounds with remarkable nutraceutical values have been discussed. Additionally, this review also summarises the challenges and future prospects of metabolite production from genetically engineered cyanobacteria as a sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Tiwari
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niwas Kumar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riya Bongirwar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Santos-Merino M, Gargantilla-Becerra Á, de la Cruz F, Nogales J. Highlighting the potential of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 as platform to produce α-linolenic acid through an updated genome-scale metabolic modeling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126030. [PMID: 36998399 PMCID: PMC10043229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms that capture energy from sunlight using oxygenic photosynthesis and transform CO2 into products of interest such as fatty acids. Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a model cyanobacterium efficiently engineered to accumulate high levels of omega-3 fatty acids. However, its exploitation as a microbial cell factory requires a better knowledge of its metabolism, which can be approached by using systems biology tools. To fulfill this objective, we worked out an updated, more comprehensive, and functional genome-scale model of this freshwater cyanobacterium, which was termed iMS837. The model includes 837 genes, 887 reactions, and 801 metabolites. When compared with previous models of S. elongatus PCC 7942, iMS837 is more complete in key physiological and biotechnologically relevant metabolic hubs, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, and transport, among others. iMS837 shows high accuracy when predicting growth performance and gene essentiality. The validated model was further used as a test-bed for the assessment of suitable metabolic engineering strategies, yielding superior production of non-native omega-3 fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid (ALA). As previously reported, the computational analysis demonstrated that fabF overexpression is a feasible metabolic target to increase ALA production, whereas deletion and overexpression of fabH cannot be used for this purpose. Flux scanning based on enforced objective flux, a strain-design algorithm, allowed us to identify not only previously known gene overexpression targets that improve fatty acid synthesis, such as Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I, but also novel potential targets that might lead to higher ALA yields. Systematic sampling of the metabolic space contained in iMS837 identified a set of ten additional knockout metabolic targets that resulted in higher ALA productions. In silico simulations under photomixotrophic conditions with acetate or glucose as a carbon source boosted ALA production levels, indicating that photomixotrophic nutritional regimens could be potentially exploited in vivo to improve fatty acid production in cyanobacteria. Overall, we show that iMS837 is a powerful computational platform that proposes new metabolic engineering strategies to produce biotechnologically relevant compounds, using S. elongatus PCC 7942 as non-conventional microbial cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Santos-Merino
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria—CSIC, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
- *Correspondence: María Santos-Merino,
| | - Álvaro Gargantilla-Becerra
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria—CSIC, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Juan Nogales
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Juan Nogales,
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Bourgade B, Stensjö K. Synthetic biology in marine cyanobacteria: Advances and challenges. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:994365. [PMID: 36188008 PMCID: PMC9522894 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.994365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current economic and environmental context requests an accelerating development of sustainable alternatives for the production of various target compounds. Biological processes offer viable solutions and have gained renewed interest in the recent years. For example, photosynthetic chassis organisms are particularly promising for bioprocesses, as they do not require biomass-derived carbon sources and contribute to atmospheric CO2 fixation, therefore supporting climate change mitigation. Marine cyanobacteria are of particular interest for biotechnology applications, thanks to their rich diversity, their robustness to environmental changes, and their metabolic capabilities with potential for therapeutics and chemicals production without requiring freshwater. The additional cyanobacterial properties, such as efficient photosynthesis, are also highly beneficial for biotechnological processes. Due to their capabilities, research efforts have developed several genetic tools for direct metabolic engineering applications. While progress toward a robust genetic toolkit is continuously achieved, further work is still needed to routinely modify these species and unlock their full potential for industrial applications. In contrast to the understudied marine cyanobacteria, genetic engineering and synthetic biology in freshwater cyanobacteria are currently more advanced with a variety of tools already optimized. This mini-review will explore the opportunities provided by marine cyanobacteria for a greener future. A short discussion will cover the advances and challenges regarding genetic engineering and synthetic biology in marine cyanobacteria, followed by a parallel with freshwater cyanobacteria and their current genetic availability to guide the prospect for marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bourgade
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Stensjö
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Xin F, Wang R, Chang Y, Xie Z, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Song Y. Solid-state fermentation produces greater stearidonic acid levels in genetically engineered Mucor circinelloides. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1617-1627. [PMID: 36067029 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important dietary components due to their health benefits and preventative role in cardiovascular disease. Fish-based and plant seed oils are rich in stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4 n-3) which are readily metabolized into ω-3 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid. However, these natural sources of SDA are generally low yielding and are unlikely to meet global demands, so new sustainable microbial fermentative sources of SDA need to be identified. Expression of delta15-desaturase in the oleaginous filamentous fungus Mucor circinelloides (McD15D) has been used to construct a recombinant SDA-producing McD15D strain that produces 5.0% SDA levels using submerged fermentation conditions. Switching to solid-state fermentation conditions in the same medium with submerged fermentation resulted in this engineered strain producing significantly higher amounts of SDA. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) approach has been used to identify optimal glucose and ammonium tartrate concentrations and temperature levels to maximize SDA production. The use of these optimal solid-state fermentation conditions resulted in the spores and mycelium of the recombinant McD15D producing 19.5% (0.64 mg g-1 ) and 12.2% (1.52 mg g-1 ) SDA content respectively, which represents an overall increase in SDA yield of 188.0% when compared to SDA yields produced using submerged fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xin
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Yufei Chang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Zhike Xie
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Yanlei Zhao
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Huaiyuan Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
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Santos-Merino M, Gutiérrez-Lanza R, Nogales J, García JL, de la Cruz F. Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 as a Platform for Bioproduction of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060810. [PMID: 35743841 PMCID: PMC9224711 DOI: 10.3390/life12060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid are precursors of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential nutrients in the human diet. The ability of cyanobacteria to directly convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into bio-based compounds makes them promising microbial chassis to sustainably produce omega-3 fatty acids. However, their potential in this area remains unexploited, mainly due to important gaps in our knowledge of fatty acid synthesis pathways. To gain insight into the cyanobacterial fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, we analyzed two enzymes involved in the elongation cycle, FabG and FabZ, in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Overexpression of these two enzymes led to an increase in C18 fatty acids, key intermediates in omega-3 fatty acid production. Nevertheless, coexpression of these enzymes with desaturases DesA and DesB from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 did not improve alpha-linolenic acid production, possibly due to their limited role in fatty acid synthesis. In any case, efficient production of stearidonic acid was not achieved by cloning DesD from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in combination with the aforementioned DesA and DesB, reaching maximum production at 48 h post induction. According to current knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that S. elongatus PCC 7942 can be used as an autotrophic chassis to produce stearidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Santos-Merino
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria—CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain; (R.G.-L.); (F.d.l.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Raquel Gutiérrez-Lanza
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria—CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain; (R.G.-L.); (F.d.l.C.)
| | - Juan Nogales
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Luis García
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria—CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain; (R.G.-L.); (F.d.l.C.)
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Yunus IS, Anfelt J, Sporre E, Miao R, Hudson EP, Jones PR. Synthetic metabolic pathways for conversion of CO2 into secreted short-to medium-chain hydrocarbons using cyanobacteria. Metab Eng 2022; 72:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wu C, Hong B, Jiang S, Luo X, Lin H, Zhou Y, Wu J, Yue X, Shi H, Wu R. Recent advances on essential fatty acid biosynthesis and production: Clarifying the roles of Δ12/Δ15 fatty acid desaturase. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Aamer Mehmood M, Shahid A, Malik S, Wang N, Rizwan Javed M, Nabeel Haider M, Verma P, Umer Farooq Ashraf M, Habib N, Syafiuddin A, Boopathy R. Advances in developing metabolically engineered microbial platforms to produce fourth-generation biofuels and high-value biochemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125510. [PMID: 34320777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Producing bio-based chemicals is imperative to establish an eco-friendly circular bioeconomy. However, the compromised titer of these biochemicals hampers their commercial implementation. Advances in genetic engineering tools have enabled researchers to develop robust strains producing desired titers of the next-generation biofuels and biochemicals. The native and non-native pathways have been extensively engineered in various host strains via pathway reconstruction and metabolic flux redirection of lipid metabolism and central carbon metabolism to produce myriad biomolecules including alcohols, isoprenoids, hydrocarbons, fatty-acids, and their derivatives. This review has briefly covered the research efforts made during the previous decade to produce advanced biofuels and biochemicals through engineered microbial platforms along with the engineering approaches employed. The efficiency of the various techniques along with their shortcomings is also covered to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress and future directions to achieve higher titer of fourth-generation biofuels and biochemicals while keeping environmental sustainability intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China; Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Shahid
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Malik
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabeel Haider
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer-305801, Rajasthan, India
| | - Muhammad Umer Farooq Ashraf
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Habib
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Achmad Syafiuddin
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, 60237 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Raj Boopathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA.
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Jovanovic S, Dietrich D, Becker J, Kohlstedt M, Wittmann C. Microbial production of polyunsaturated fatty acids - high-value ingredients for aquafeed, superfoods, and pharmaceuticals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:199-211. [PMID: 33540327 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), primarily docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have received worldwide attention in recent years due to an increasing awareness of their uniqueness in improving diet and human health and their apparently inevitable shortage in global availability. Microbial cell factories are a major solution to supplying these precious molecules in sufficient amounts and providing PUFA-rich aquafeed, superfoods, and medical formulations. This review assesses the PUFA world markets and highlights recent advances in upgrading and streamlining microalgae, yeasts, fungi, and bacteria for high-level PUFA production and broadening of the PUFA spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Jovanovic
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Demian Dietrich
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany.
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Engineering salt tolerance of photosynthetic cyanobacteria for seawater utilization. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107578. [PMID: 32553809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are capable of utilizing sunlight and CO2 as sole energy and carbon sources, respectively. With genetically modified cyanobacteria being used as a promising chassis to produce various biofuels and chemicals in recent years, future large-scale cultivation of cyanobacteria would have to be performed in seawater, since freshwater supplies of the earth are very limiting. However, high concentration of salt is known to inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria. This review aims at comparing the mechanisms that different cyanobacteria respond to salt stress, and then summarizing various strategies of developing salt-tolerant cyanobacteria for seawater cultivation, including the utilization of halotolerant cyanobacteria and the engineering of salt-tolerant freshwater cyanobacteria. In addition, the challenges and potential strategies related to further improving salt tolerance in cyanobacteria are also discussed.
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Poole LB, Parsonage D, Sergeant S, Miller LR, Lee J, Furdui CM, Chilton FH. Acyl-lipid desaturases and Vipp1 cooperate in cyanobacteria to produce novel omega-3 PUFA-containing glycolipids. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:83. [PMID: 32399061 PMCID: PMC7203895 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary omega-3 (n-3), long chain (LC-, ≥ 20 carbons), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) derived largely from marine animal sources protect against inflammatory processes and enhance brain development and function. With the depletion of natural stocks of marine animal sources and an increasing demand for n-3 LC-PUFAs, alternative, sustainable supplies are urgently needed. As a result, n-3 18-carbon and LC-PUFAs are being generated from plant or algal sources, either by engineering new biosynthetic pathways or by augmenting existing systems. RESULTS We utilized an engineered plasmid encoding two cyanobacterial acyl-lipid desaturases (DesB and DesD, encoding Δ15 and Δ6 desaturases, respectively) and "vesicle-inducing protein in plastids" (Vipp1) to induce production of stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4 n-3) at high levels in three strains of cyanobacteria (10, 17 and 27% of total lipids in Anabaena sp. PCC7120, Synechococcus sp. PCC7002, and Leptolyngbya sp. strain BL0902, respectively). Lipidomic analysis revealed that in addition to SDA, the rare anti-inflammatory n-3 LC-PUFA eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA, 20:4 n-3) was synthesized in these engineered strains, and ~ 99% of SDA and ETA was complexed to bioavailable monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) species. Importantly, novel molecular species containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), SDA and/or ETA in both acyl positions of MGDG and DGDG were observed in the engineered Leptolyngbya and Synechococcus strains, suggesting that these could provide a rich source of anti-inflammatory molecules. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this technology utilizes solar energy, consumes carbon dioxide, and produces large amounts of nutritionally important n-3 PUFAs and LC-PUFAs. Importantly, it can generate previously undescribed, highly bioavailable, anti-inflammatory galactosyl lipids. This technology could therefore be transformative in protecting ocean fisheries and augmenting the nutritional quality of human and animal food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B. Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Derek Parsonage
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Susan Sergeant
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Leslie R. Miller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Present Address: 139 N St. Patrick St., New Orleans, LA 70119 USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
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Diao J, Song X, Guo T, Wang F, Chen L, Zhang W. Cellular engineering strategies toward sustainable omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids production: State of the art and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kobayashi S, Nakajima M, Asano R, Ferreira EA, Abe K, Tamagnini P, Atsumi S, Sode K. Application of an engineered chromatic acclimation sensor for red-light-regulated gene expression in cyanobacteria. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Santos-Merino M, Garcillán-Barcia MP, de la Cruz F. Engineering the fatty acid synthesis pathway in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 improves omega-3 fatty acid production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:239. [PMID: 30202434 PMCID: PMC6123915 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbial production of fatty acids has received great attention in the last few years as feedstock for the production of renewable energy. The main advantage of using cyanobacteria over other organisms is their ability to capture energy from sunlight and to transform CO2 into products of interest by photosynthesis, such as fatty acids. Fatty acid synthesis is a ubiquitous and well-characterized pathway in most bacteria. However, the activity of the enzymes involved in this pathway in cyanobacteria remains poorly explored. RESULTS To characterize the function of some enzymes involved in the saturated fatty acid synthesis in cyanobacteria, we genetically engineered Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 by overexpressing or deleting genes encoding enzymes of the fatty acid synthase system and tested the lipid profile of the mutants. These modifications were in turn used to improve alpha-linolenic acid production in this cyanobacterium. The mutant resulting from fabF overexpression and fadD deletion, combined with the overexpression of desA and desB desaturase genes from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, produced the highest levels of this omega-3 fatty acid. CONCLUSIONS The fatty acid composition of S. elongatus PCC 7942 can be significantly modified by genetically engineering the expression of genes coding for the enzymes involved in the first reactions of fatty acid synthesis pathway. Variations in fatty acid composition of S. elongatus PCC 7942 mutants did not follow the pattern observed in Escherichia coli derivatives. Some of these modifications can be used to improve omega-3 fatty acid production. This work provides new insights into the saturated fatty acid synthesis pathway and new strategies that might be used to manipulate the fatty acid content of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Santos-Merino
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Universidad de Cantabria—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Santander, Cantabria Spain
| | - M. Pilar Garcillán-Barcia
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Universidad de Cantabria—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Santander, Cantabria Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Universidad de Cantabria—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Santander, Cantabria Spain
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