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Tyagi G, Lahoti M, Srivastava A, Patil D, Jadhav UU, Purekar AS. Bioconcrete-Enabled Resilient Construction: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2901-2927. [PMID: 36976510 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Concrete, the ubiquitous cementitious composite though immensely versatile, is crack-susceptible. Cracks let in deleterious substances causing durability issues. Superseding conventional crack-repair methods, the innovative application of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) stands prominent, being based on the natural phenomenon of carbonate precipitation. It is eco-friendly, self-activated, economical, and simplistic. Bacteria inside concrete get activated by contacting the environment upon the crack opening and filling the cracks with calcium carbonate-their metabolic waste. This work systematizes MICCP's intricacies and reviews state-of-the-art literature on practical technicalities in its materialization and testing. Explored are the latest advances in various aspects of MICCP, such as bacteria species, calcium sources, encapsulations, aggregates, and the techniques of bio-calcification and curing. Furthermore, methodologies for crack formation, crack observation, property analysis of healed test subject, and present techno-economic limitations are examined. The work serves as a succinct, implementation-ready, and latest review for MICCP's application, giving tailorable control over the enormous variations in this bio-mimetic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Mukund Lahoti
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India.
| | - Anshuman Srivastava
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Deeksha Patil
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Umesh U Jadhav
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Aniruddha S Purekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
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2
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Ariyanti D, Sasongko NA, Fansuri MH, Fitriana EL, Nugroho RA, Pratiwi SA. Retrofitting of concrete for rigid pavement using bacterial: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166019. [PMID: 37543320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Cracking in tension causes damage to regular concrete. When the surface of the concrete cracks, liquids can enter and damage the structure. Remediating concrete in rigid pavements is time-consuming, costly, and challenging. Concrete cracking can be reduced using sustainable solutions, such as concrete bacteria. Using concrete bacteria is an innovative method for continuously retrofitting concrete, improving its durability, and reducing maintenance costs. Several studies have explored the possibilities of a wide range of bacteria and demonstrated concrete retrofitting. However, in these extensive studies of sustainable solutions, the role of concrete bacteria in retrofitting concrete for rigid pavement has not been clarified. This meta-analysis aims to compare and contrast the performance of various microorganisms in concrete restoration, considering the bacteria concentration, total concrete components, and water/cement ratio. Data from 371 articles were entered into the initial database and 37 articles into the final database for meta-analysis. Low concentrations (10 CFU/mL) of Bacillus subtilis increased the compressive strength after 28 days at 46.8 MPa, and the optimum concentration of Bacillus subtilis was 105 CFU/mL, resulting in an optimum compressive strength of 58.2 MPa after 28 days, an optimum water/cement ratio of 0.3, and the optimum total ingredients (cement, fine and coarse aggregates) ranging from 2000 to 2400 kg/m3. This meta-analysis study supports a new approach to selecting concrete bacteria and developing sustainable advances in concrete technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Ariyanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Military Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia), Bogor 16810, Indonesia; Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia.
| | - Nugroho Adi Sasongko
- Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; Graduate Program of Energy Security, Faculty of Defense Management, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia), Bogor 16810, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Fansuri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Defense Science and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia), Bogor 16810, Indonesia
| | | | - Rudy Agung Nugroho
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Siti Astari Pratiwi
- Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
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Reyad AM, Mokhtar G. Impact of the immobilized Bacillus cereus MG708176 on the characteristics of the bio-based self-healing concrete. Sci Rep 2023; 13:500. [PMID: 36627411 PMCID: PMC9832136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel carrier units were evaluated for their bio-healing benefits in our study to increase the efficacy of concrete healing. Bacillus cereus MG708176, an alkali-tolerant, calcite precipitating, endospore-forming strain was added as a bio-healing agent after its immobilization on wood ash units. A spore concentration of [1.3 × 107 spore/cm3] combined with 2.5% w/w urea was added to cement. Beams of 40 × 40 × 160 mm were used and tested for completely damaged mortar specimens after 7, 14, and 28 days of water treatment. Using wood ash bacterial mortars, totally destructed specimens were fully healed in all time intervals. Positive changes in concrete mechanical properties in bacterial wood ash treatment that were 24.7, 18.9, and 28.6% force for compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths more than control. The micro-images of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed the dense concrete structure via calcite, Bacillafilla, and ettringite formation. Our results have shown improvements in the concrete healing efficiency and the mechanical concrete properties by filling the concrete cracks using a calcite-producing bacterium that is immobilized on wood ash units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M. Reyad
- grid.411170.20000 0004 0412 4537Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
| | - Gehad Mokhtar
- Civil Engineering, Future High Institute of Engineering in Fayoum, Faiyum, Egypt
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Taghizadeh SM, Ebrahiminezhad A, Raee MJ, Ramezani H, Berenjian A, Ghasemi Y. A Study of l-Lysine-Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) on Microalgae Biofilm Formation of Chlorella vulgaris. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:702-710. [PMID: 35099707 PMCID: PMC9135783 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite iron-based nanoparticles gaining huge attraction in various field of sciences and technology, their application rises ecological concerns due to lack of studies on their interaction with microbial cells populations and communities, such as biofilms. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris cells were employed as a model of aquatic microalgae to investigate the impacts of l-lysine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (lys@IONPs) on microalgal growth and biofilm formation. In this regard, C. vulgaris cells were exposed to different concentrations of lys@IONPs and the growth of cells was evaluated by OD600 and biofilm formation was analyzed using crystal violet staining throughout 12 days. It was revealed that low concentration of nanoparticles (< 400 µg/mL) can promote cell growth and biofilm formation. However, higher concentrations have an adverse effect on microalgal communities. It is interesting that microalgal growth and biofilm are concentration- and exposure time-dependent to lys@IONPs. Over long period (~ 12 days) exposure to high concentrations of nanoparticles, cells can adapt with the condition, so growth was raised and biofilm started to develop. Results of the present study could be considered in ecological issues and also bioprocesses using microalgal cells.
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Jang I, Son D, Son Y, Min J, Yi C. Use of Methylcellulose-Based Pellet to Enhance the Bacterial Self-Healing of Cement Composite. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206113. [PMID: 34683721 PMCID: PMC8540448 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new type of bacterial carrier using methylcellulose was presented, and its applicability to self-healing concrete has been explored. Methylcellulose, the main component of a 2 mm pellet-shaped carrier, can remain stable in alkaline environments and expand in neutral or acidic environments. These properties allow bacteria to survive in the high-alkaline and high-pressure environments of early age concrete, and the number of bacteria increases rapidly in the event of cracks, accelerating crack closure. The results show that the survival rate of bacterial spores inside the mortar was increased, and the pellet provides an enhanced biological anchor suitable for bacterial activity, bacterial growth, and mineral precipitation. Further, the results indicate an improved self-healing efficiency compared with mixing bacteria directly into the cement composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jang
- Construction Material Laboratory, School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (I.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Dasom Son
- Construction Material Laboratory, School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (I.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Yongjun Son
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jihyeon Min
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Chongku Yi
- Construction Material Laboratory, School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (I.J.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Manzoor N, Ahmed T, Noman M, Shahid M, Nazir MM, Ali L, Alnusaire TS, Li B, Schulin R, Wang G. Iron oxide nanoparticles ameliorated the cadmium and salinity stresses in wheat plants, facilitating photosynthetic pigments and restricting cadmium uptake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:145221. [PMID: 33736258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium and salinity are the major threats to environmental resources and agricultural practice worldwide. The present work aims green synthesis, characterization, and application of iron oxide nanoparticles for co-alleviation of Cd and salt stresses in wheat plants. The iron oxide NPs were synthesized from a native bacterial strain, Pantoea ananatis strain RNT4, yielding a spherical FeO-NPs with a size ranging from 19 to 40 nm evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Results showed that application of 100 mg kg-1 of the bioengineered FeO-NPs in an original saline soil stimulated wheat plant growth, gaining 36.7% of additional length as compared with the control scenarios, via alleviating the detrimental effects of abiotic stresses and thereby reprogramming the morpho-physiological state of wheat plants. In addition, the presence of FeO-NPs in soil significantly increased the nutrient concentrations of N, P and K+, while reducing the Na+ and Cl- components in the wheat grain. Interestingly, application of the FeO-NPs in Cd-polluted soils eventually reduced wheat plant uptake of Cd by 72.5%, probably due to the adsorption of Cd onto the large surface of NPs and thereby, constraining Cd bioavailability to the plants. It provides the first evidence that a FeO-NPs-based treatment could be a candidate agricultural strategy for mitigating the Cd and salt stresses in Cd-polluted saline soils for safe agriculture practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Manzoor
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Mudassir Nazir
- Department of agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Taghreed S Alnusaire
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rainer Schulin
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Black Soil & Agriculture Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Behzadi M, Vakili B, Ebrahiminezhad A, Nezafat N. Iron nanoparticles as novel vaccine adjuvants. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 159:105718. [PMID: 33465476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The poor immunogenicity of peptide vaccines compared to conventional ones re usually improved by applying different adjuvants. As chemical or biological substances, adjuvants are added to vaccines to enhance and prolong the immune response. According to considerable investigations over the recent years in the context of finding new adjuvants, a handful of vaccine adjuvants have been licensed for human use. Recently, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been introduced as novel alternatives to traditional vaccine adjuvant. Metallic nanoparticles (MeNPs) are among the most promising NPs used for vaccine adjuvant as well as the delivery system that can improve immune responses against pathogens. Iron NPs, as an important class of MeNPs, have gained increasing attention as novel vaccine adjuvants. These particles have shown acceptable results in preclinical studies. Hence, understanding the physicochemical properties of iron NPs, including size, surface properties, charge and route of administration, is of substantial importance. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the immunomodulatory effects of iron NPs as novel adjuvants. Furthermore, physicochemical properties of these NPs were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Behzadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Vakili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ebrahiminezhad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Abstract
Among all minerals, iron is one of the elements identified early by human beings to take advantage of and be used. The role of iron in human life is so great that it made an era in the ages of humanity. Pure iron has a shiny grayish-silver color, but after combining with oxygen and water it can make a colorful set of materials with divergent properties. This diversity sometimes appears ambiguous but provides variety of applications. In fact, iron can come in different forms: zero-valent iron (pure iron), iron oxides, iron hydroxides, and iron oxide hydroxides. By taking these divergent materials into the nano realm, new properties are exhibited, providing us with even more applications. This review deals with iron as a magic element in the nano realm and provides comprehensive data about its structure, properties, synthesis techniques, and applications of various forms of iron-based nanostructures in the science, medicine, and technology sectors.
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Asrat FS, Ghebrab TT. Effect of Mill-Rejected Granular Cement Grains on Healing Concrete Cracks. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13040840. [PMID: 32059602 PMCID: PMC7078606 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of mill-rejected granular cement (MRGC) on enabling concrete to autogenously heal its cracks was investigated. The crack-healing efficiency of concrete containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% wt. of MRGC as a replacement for natural fine aggregate was investigated at the age of 28 days. Concrete specimens were induced with artificial cracks and placed in water or air at 20 ± 2 °C to cure and heal the cracks for an additional 28 days. Compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths and water permeability tests were carried out to evaluate crack-healing by evaluating the strength to regain and the reduction in water permeability of concrete. For the air-cured specimens, the gain in compressive strength was between 45% and 79%, the flexural strength was between 74% and 87%, and the tensile strength was between 75% and 84% of the reference specimens for the MRGC content was between 0% and 20%, respectively. For the water-cured specimens, the gain in compressive strength was between 54% and 92%, the flexural strength was between 76% and 94%, the tensile strength was between 83% and 96% of the reference specimens for the MRGC content between 0% and 20%. The water permeability coefficients of the concrete specimens cured in water after cracking decreased by one order of magnitude, while those of the specimens cured in the air increased by the same order of magnitude. The crack-healing efficiency of concrete could be enhanced by increasing the MRGC content of concrete and hydration water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feseha Sahile Asrat
- Civil Engineering, Jimma University Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tewodros Tekeste Ghebrab
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA;
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Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation to design a new type of bio self-healing dental composite. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2029-2037. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Dental restorative materials suffer from major drawbacks, namely fracture and shrinkage, which result in failure and require restoration and replacement. There are different methods to address these issues, such as increasing the filler load or changing the resin matrix of the composite. In the present work, we introduce a new viable process to heal the generated cracks with the aid of urease enzyme. In this system, urease breaks down the salivary urea which later binds with calcium to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The formation of insoluble CaCO3 fills any resultant fracture or shrinkage from the dental composure hardening step. The healing process and the formation of CaCO3 within dental composites were successfully confirmed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) methods. This research demonstrates a new protocol to increase the service life of dental restoration composites in the near future.
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13
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Abstract
Cell harvesting is one of the main expensive, labor-intensive, and energy-consuming steps in downstream processing. Cell immobilization has introduced as a valuable strategy for process intensification in biotechnological industries. Here we describe magnetic immobilization as a promising and novel technique for cell immobilization by using magnetic nanoparticles. This technique is based on the decoration of cells with magnetic nanoparticles to make them sensitive to magnetic field. So, the cells can be harvested simply by applying a magnetic separator.
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Enhanced calcite precipitation for crack healing by bacteria isolated under low-nitrogen conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7971-7982. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Seifan M, Berenjian A. Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation: a widespread phenomenon in the biological world. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4693-4708. [PMID: 31076835 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Biodeposition of minerals is a widespread phenomenon in the biological world and is mediated by bacteria, fungi, protists, and plants. Calcium carbonate is one of those minerals that naturally precipitate as a by-product of microbial metabolic activities. Over recent years, microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a potent solution to address many environmental and engineering issues. However, for being a viable alternative to conventional techniques as well as being financially and industrially competitive, various challenges need to be overcome. In this review, the detailed metabolic pathways, including ammonification of amino acids, dissimilatory reduction of nitrate, and urea degradation (ureolysis), along with the potent bacteria and the favorable conditions for precipitation of calcium carbonate, are explained. Moreover, this review highlights the potential environmental and engineering applications of MICP, including restoration of stones and concrete, improvement of soil properties, sand consolidation, bioremediation of contaminants, and carbon dioxide sequestration. The key research and development questions necessary for near future large-scale applications of this innovative technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seifan
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Seifan M, Berenjian A. Application of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation in designing bio self-healing concrete. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:168. [PMID: 30387067 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Concrete is one of the most broadly used construction materials in the world due to its number of performance characteristics. Despite the long life of concrete structure under ideal conditions, it tends to crack and this phenomenon results in a considerable reduction in service life and performance. Evidence of microbial involvement in the precipitation of minerals has led to a massive investigation on adapting this technology for addressing the concrete cracking issue. Calcium carbonate is one of most compatible materials with the concrete constituents and it can be induced via biological process. In this review paper, the effects of different factors, such as nucleation site, pH, nutrient and temperature, on the biosynthesis of calcium carbonate are elucidated. Moreover, the influences of effective factors on calcium carbonate polymorphism are extensively elaborated. Finally, the limitations for the future application of this innovative technology in construction industry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seifan
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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17
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Seifan M, Ebrahiminezhad A, Ghasemi Y, Berenjian A. Microbial calcium carbonate precipitation with high affinity to fill the concrete pore space: nanobiotechnological approach. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:37-46. [PMID: 30229327 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advantages of concrete, it has a pore structure and is susceptible to cracking. The initiated cracks as well as pores and their connectivity accelerate the structure degradation by permitting aggressive substances to flow into the concrete matrix. This phenomenon results in a considerable repair and maintenance costs and decreases the concrete lifespan. In recent years, biotechnological approach through immobilization of bacteria in/or protective vehicles has emerged as a viable solution to address this issue. However, the addition of macro- or micro scale size particles can decrease the integrity of matrix. In this study, the immobilization of bacteria with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (ION) was proposed to protect the bacterial cell and evaluate their effect on healing the concrete pore space. The results show that the addition of immobilized bacteria with IONs resulted in a lower water absorption and volume of permeable pore space. Crystal analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that CaCO3 was precipitated in bio-concrete specimen as a result of microbial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seifan
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Alireza Ebrahiminezhad
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Mechanical properties of bio self-healing concrete containing immobilized bacteria with iron oxide nanoparticles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4489-4498. [PMID: 29574617 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Concrete is arguably one of the most important and widely used materials in the world, responsible for the majority of the industrial revolution due to its unique properties. However, it is susceptible to cracking under internal and external stresses. The generated cracks result in a significant reduction in the concrete lifespan and an increase in maintenance and repair costs. In recent years, the implementation of bacterial-based healing agent in the concrete matrix has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to address the concrete cracking issue. However, the bacterial cells need to be protected from the high pH content of concrete as well as the exerted shear forces during preparation and hardening stages. To address these issues, we propose the magnetic immobilization of bacteria with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs). In the present study, the effect of the designed bio-agent on mechanical properties of concrete (compressive strength and drying shrinkage) is investigated. The results indicate that the addition of immobilized Bacillus species with IONs in concrete matrix contributes to increasing the compressive strength. Moreover, the precipitates in the bio-concrete specimen were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The characterization studies confirm that the precipitated crystals in bio-concrete specimen were CaCO3, while no precipitation was observed in the control sample.
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