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Lu H, Xue M, Nie X, Luo H, Tan Z, Yang X, Shi H, Li X, Wang T. Glycoside hydrolases in the biodegradation of lignocellulosic biomass. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:402. [PMID: 37982085 PMCID: PMC10654287 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a plentiful and intricate biomass substance made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides characterized by different compositions and degrees of polymerization. As renewable resources, their applications are eco-friendly and can help reduce reliance on petrochemical resources. This review aims to illustrate cellulose, hemicellulose, and their structures and hydrolytic enzymes. To obtain desirable enzyme sources for the high hydrolysis of lignocellulose, highly stable, efficient and thermophilic enzyme sources, and new technologies, such as rational design and machine learning, have been introduced in detail. Generally, the efficient biodegradation of abundant natural biomass into fermentable sugars or other intermediates has great potential in practical applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03819-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Maoyuan Xue
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Xinling Nie
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Hongzheng Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Zhongbiao Tan
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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Jin X, Wang JK, Wang Q. Microbial β-glucanases: production, properties, and engineering. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:106. [PMID: 36847914 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, which mainly consists of cellulose and hemicellulose, is the most abundant renewable biopolymer on earth. β-Glucanases are glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that hydrolyze β-glucan, one of the dominant components of the plant cell wall, into cello-oligosaccharides and glucose. Among them, endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), exo-glucanase/cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91), and β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) play critical roles in the digestion of glucan-like substrates. β-Glucanases have attracted considerable interest within the scientific community due to their applications in the feed, food, and textile industries. In the past decade, there has been considerable progress in the discovery, production, and characterization of novel β-glucanases. Advances in the development of next-generation sequencing techniques, including metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, have unveiled novel β-glucanases isolated from the gastrointestinal microbiota. The study of β-glucanases is beneficial for research and development of commercial products. In this study, we review the classification, properties, and engineering of β-glucanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia-Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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3
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Chaudhari YB, Várnai A, Sørlie M, Horn SJ, Eijsink VGH. Engineering cellulases for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Protein Eng Des Sel 2023; 36:gzad002. [PMID: 36892404 PMCID: PMC10394125 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable source of energy, chemicals and materials. Many applications of this resource require the depolymerization of one or more of its polymeric constituents. Efficient enzymatic depolymerization of cellulose to glucose by cellulases and accessory enzymes such as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases is a prerequisite for economically viable exploitation of this biomass. Microbes produce a remarkably diverse range of cellulases, which consist of glycoside hydrolase (GH) catalytic domains and, although not in all cases, substrate-binding carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). As enzymes are a considerable cost factor, there is great interest in finding or engineering improved and robust cellulases, with higher activity and stability, easy expression, and minimal product inhibition. This review addresses relevant engineering targets for cellulases, discusses a few notable cellulase engineering studies of the past decades and provides an overview of recent work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh B Chaudhari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, NMBU-Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Anikó Várnai
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, NMBU-Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Sørlie
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, NMBU-Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Svein J Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, NMBU-Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, NMBU-Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang Z, Yang J, Turunen O, Xiong H. High-temperature behavior of hyperthermostable Thermotoga maritima xylanase XYN10B after designed and evolved mutations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2017-2027. [PMID: 35171339 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A hyperthermostable xylanase XYN10B from Thermotoga maritima (PDB code 1VBR, GenBank accession number KR078269) was subjected to site-directed and error-prone PCR mutagenesis. From the selected five mutants, the two site-directed mutants (F806H and F806V) showed a 3.3-3.5-fold improved enzyme half-life at 100 °C. The mutant XYNA generated by error-prone PCR showed slightly improved stability at 100 °C and a lower Km. In XYNB and XYNC, the additional mutations over XYNA decreased the thermostability and temperature optimum, while elevating the Km. In XYNC, two large side-chains were introduced into the protein's interior. Micro-differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the melting temperature (Tm) dropped in XYNB and XYNC from 104.9 °C to 93.7 °C and 78.6 °C, respectively. The detrimental mutations showed that extremely thermostable enzymes can tolerate quite radical mutations in the protein's interior and still retain high thermostability. The analysis of mutations (F806H and F806V) in a hydrophobic area lining the substrate-binding region indicated that active site hydrophobicity is important for high activity at extreme temperatures. Although polar His at 806 provided higher stability, the hydrophobic Phe at 806 provided higher activity than His. This study generates an understanding of how extreme thermostability and high activity are formed in GH10 xylanases. KEY POINTS: • Characterization and molecular dynamics simulations of TmXYN10B and its mutants • Explanation of structural stability of GH10 xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhongqiang Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiangke Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430048, China
| | - Ossi Turunen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Hairong Xiong
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Paul M, Mohapatra S, Kumar Das Mohapatra P, Thatoi H. Microbial cellulases - An update towards its surface chemistry, genetic engineering and recovery for its biotechnological potential. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125710. [PMID: 34365301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inherent resistance of lignocellulosic biomass makes it impervious for industrially important enzymes such as cellulases to hydrolyze cellulose. Further, the competitive absorption behavior of lignin and hemicellulose for cellulases, due to their electron-rich surfaces augments the inappropriate utilization of these enzymes. Hence, modification of the surface charge of the cellulases to reduce its non-specific binding to lignin and enhance its affinity for cellulose is an urgent necessity. Further, maintaining the stability of cellulases by the preservation of their secondary structures using immobilization techniques will also play an integral role in its industrial production. In silico approaches for increasing the catalytic activity of cellulase enzymes is also significant along with a range of substrate specificity. In addition, enhanced productivity of cellulases by tailoring the related genes through the process of genetic engineering and higher cellulase recovery after saccharification seems to be promising areas for efficient and large-scale enzyme production concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Takatpur, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
| | - Sonali Mohapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Das Mohapatra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj - 733134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India; PAKB Environment Conservation Centre, Raiganj University, Raiganj - 733134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Takatpur, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India.
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Thermostable cellulose saccharifying microbial enzymes: Characteristics, recent advances and biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:226-244. [PMID: 34371052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellulases play a promising role in the bioconversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars which are subsequently fermented to biofuels and other value-added chemicals. Besides biofuel industries, they are also in huge demand in textile, detergent, and paper and pulp industries. Low titres of cellulase production and processing are the main issues that contribute to high enzyme cost. The success of ethanol-based biorefinery depends on high production titres and the catalytic efficiency of cellulases functional at elevated temperatures with acid/alkali tolerance and the low cost. In view of their wider application in various industrial processes, stable cellulases that are active at elevated temperatures in the acidic-alkaline pH ranges, and organic solvents and salt tolerance would be useful. This review provides a recent update on the advances made in thermostable cellulases. Developments in their sources, characteristics and mechanisms are updated. Various methods such as rational design, directed evolution, synthetic & system biology and immobilization techniques adopted in evolving cellulases with ameliorated thermostability and characteristics are also discussed. The wide range of applications of thermostable cellulases in various industrial sectors is described.
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Lv K, Shao W, Pedroso MM, Peng J, Wu B, Li J, He B, Schenk G. Enhancing the catalytic activity of a GH5 processive endoglucanase from Bacillus subtilis BS-5 by site-directed mutagenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:442-452. [PMID: 33310097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Processive endoglucanases possess both endo- and exoglucanase activity, making them attractive discovery and engineering targets. Here, a processive endoglucanase EG5C-1 from Bacillus subtilis was employed as the starting point for enzyme engineering. Referring to the complex structure information of EG5C-1 and cellohexaose, the amino acid residues in the active site architecture were identified and subjected to alanine scanning mutagenesis. The residues were chosen for a saturation mutagenesis since their variants showed similar activities to EG5C-1. Variants D70Q and S235W showed increased activity towards the substrates CMC and Avicel, an increase was further enhanced in D70Q/S235W double mutant, which displayed a 2.1- and 1.7-fold improvement in the hydrolytic activity towards CMC and Avicel, respectively. In addition, kinetic measurements showed that double mutant had higher substrate affinity (Km) and a significantly higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km). The binding isotherms of wild-type EG5C-1 and double mutant D70Q/S235W suggested that the binding capability of EG5C-1 for the insoluble substrate was weaker than that of D70Q/S235W. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the collaborative substitutions of D70Q and S235W altered the hydrogen bonding network within the active site architecture and introduced new hydrogen bonds between the enzyme and cellohexaose, thus enhancing both substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Lv
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyu Shao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Marcelo Monteiro Pedroso
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jiayu Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiahuang Li
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Dadwal A, Sharma S, Satyanarayana T. Progress in Ameliorating Beneficial Characteristics of Microbial Cellulases by Genetic Engineering Approaches for Cellulose Saccharification. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1387. [PMID: 32670240 PMCID: PMC7327088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and sustainable energy source. Cellulases are the enzymes that cleave β-1, 4-glycosidic linkages in cellulose to liberate sugars that can be fermented to ethanol, butanol, and other products. Low enzyme activity and yield, and thermostability are, however, some of the limitations posing hurdles in saccharification of lignocellulosic residues. Recent advancements in synthetic and systems biology have generated immense interest in metabolic and genetic engineering that has led to the development of sustainable technology for saccharification of lignocellulosics in the last couple of decades. There have been several attempts in applying genetic engineering in the production of a repertoire of cellulases at a low cost with a high biomass saccharification. A diverse range of cellulases are produced by different microbes, some of which are being engineered to evolve robust cellulases. This review summarizes various successful genetic engineering strategies employed for improving cellulase kinetics and cellulolytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Dadwal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulasi Satyanarayana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
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Han C, Wang Q, Sun Y, Yang R, Liu M, Wang S, Liu Y, Zhou L, Li D. Improvement of the catalytic activity and thermostability of a hyperthermostable endoglucanase by optimizing N-glycosylation sites. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:30. [PMID: 32127917 PMCID: PMC7045587 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoglucanase has been extensively employed in industrial processes as a key biocatalyst for lignocellulosic biomass degradation. Thermostable endoglucanases with high catalytic activity at elevated temperatures are preferred in industrial use. To improve the activity and thermostability, site-directed mutagenesis was conducted to modify the N-glycosylation sites of the thermostable β-1,4-endoglucanase CTendo45 from Chaetomium thermophilum. RESULTS In this study, structure-based rational design was performed based on the modification of N-glycosylation sites in CTendo45. Eight single mutants and one double mutant were constructed and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. When the unique N-glycosylation site of N88 was eliminated, a T90A variant was active, and its specific activity towards CMC-Na and β-d-glucan was increased 1.85- and 1.64-fold, respectively. The mutant R67S with an additional N-glycosylation site of N65 showed a distinct enhancement in catalytic efficiency. Moreover, T90A and R67S were endowed with extraordinary heat endurance after 200 min of incubation at different temperatures ranging from 30 to 90 °C. Likewise, the half-lives (t 1/2) indicated that T90A and R67S exhibited improved enzyme thermostability at 80 °C and 90 °C. Notably, the double-mutant T90A/R67S possessed better hydrolysis activity and thermal stability than its single-mutant counterparts and the wild type. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial insight into the biochemical function of N-glycosylation in thermostable endoglucanases. Moreover, the design approach to the optimization of N-glycosylation sites presents an effective and feasible strategy to improve enzymatic activity and thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Qunqing Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yanxu Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Lifan Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Duochuan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
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Ribeiro LF, Amarelle V, Alves LDF, Viana de Siqueira GM, Lovate GL, Borelli TC, Guazzaroni ME. Genetically Engineered Proteins to Improve Biomass Conversion: New Advances and Challenges for Tailoring Biocatalysts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162879. [PMID: 31398877 PMCID: PMC6719137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein engineering emerged as a powerful approach to generate more robust and efficient biocatalysts for bio-based economy applications, an alternative to ecologically toxic chemistries that rely on petroleum. On the quest for environmentally friendly technologies, sustainable and low-cost resources such as lignocellulosic plant-derived biomass are being used for the production of biofuels and fine chemicals. Since most of the enzymes used in the biorefinery industry act in suboptimal conditions, modification of their catalytic properties through protein rational design and in vitro evolution techniques allows the improvement of enzymatic parameters such as specificity, activity, efficiency, secretability, and stability, leading to better yields in the production lines. This review focuses on the current application of protein engineering techniques for improving the catalytic performance of enzymes used to break down lignocellulosic polymers. We discuss the use of both classical and modern methods reported in the literature in the last five years that allowed the boosting of biocatalysts for biomass degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ferreira Ribeiro
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil.
| | - Vanesa Amarelle
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry and Genomics, Biological Research Institute Clemente Estable, Montevideo, PC 11600, Uruguay
| | - Luana de Fátima Alves
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Lencioni Lovate
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Cabral Borelli
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| | - María-Eugenia Guazzaroni
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil.
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Rational design to improve activity of the Est3563 esterase from Acinetobacter sp. LMB-5. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109331. [PMID: 31615665 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5 can produce a kind of esterase degrading phthalate esters. However, low activity of Est3563 esterase limited its large-scale application. In this study, computer-aided simulation mutagenesis was used to improve the esterase activity with a tightened screening library and enlarged success rate. Two positive mutants, P218R and A242R, were obtained with 2.5 and 2.1 folds higher than the WT Est3563 esterase, with 11.96 ± 0.45 U·mg-1 and 9.90 ± 0.52 U·mg-1, respectively. With the help of bioinformatics analysis and three-dimensional printing technology, it was found that the mutations could increase the 240-280 residues swing distance and make them deviate from the catalytic pocket. The instability and deviation of these residues on the lid-like structure of the esterase could deteriorate the seal of the binding pocket and expose the active site. Thus, the catalytic efficiency of the mutants became higher. This result demonstrates that the instability and deviation of the lid-like structure could expand the binding pocket of the esterase and enhance the esterase activity.
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