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Sun RZ, Wang YY, Liu XQ, Yang ZL, Deng X. Structure and dynamics of microbial communities associated with the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica in response to drought stress. PLANTA 2024; 260:24. [PMID: 38858226 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica selectively recruits and assembles drought-specific microbial communities across the plant-soil compartments, which may benefit plant growth and fitness under extreme drought conditions. Plant-associated microbes are essential for facilitating plant growth and fitness under drought stress. The resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica in natural habitats with seasonal rainfall can survive rapid desiccation, yet their interaction with microbiomes under drought conditions remains unexplored. This study examined the bacterial and fungal microbiome structure and drought response across plant-soil compartments of B. hygrometrica by high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer. Our results demonstrated that the diversity, composition, and functional profile of the microbial community varied considerably across the plant-soil compartments and were strongly affected by drought stress. Bacterial and fungal diversity was significantly reduced from soil to endosphere and belowground to aboveground compartments. The compartment-specific enrichment of the dominant bacteria phylum Cyanobacteriota and genus Methylorubrum in leaf endosphere, genera Pseudonocardia in rhizosphere soil and Actinoplanes in root endosphere, and fungal phylum Ascomycota in the aboveground compartments and genera Knufia in root endosphere and Cladosporium in leaf endosphere composed part of the core microbiota with corresponding enrichment of beneficial functions for plant growth and fitness. Moreover, the recruitment of dominant microbial genera Sphingosinicella and Plectosphaerella, Ceratobasidiaceae mycorrhizal fungi, and numerous plant growth-promoting bacteria involving nutrient supply and auxin regulation was observed in desiccated B. hygrometrica plants. Our results suggest that the stable assembled drought-specific microbial community of B. hygrometrica may contribute to plant survival under extreme environments and provide valuable microbial resources for the microbe-mediated drought tolerance enhancement in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China.
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Zhao J, Guan G, Li D, Yu X, Shentu X. Study on the gut symbiotic microbiota in long- and short-winged brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Sci Rep 2024; 14:11306. [PMID: 38760487 PMCID: PMC11101650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most important rice pests in Asia rice regions. BPH has monophagy, migration, rapid reproduction and strong environmental adaptability, and its control is a major problem in pest management. Adult BPH exhibit wing dimorphism, and the symbiotic microbiota enriched in the gut can provide energy for wing flight muscles as a source of nutrition. In order to study the diversity of symbiotic microbiota in different winged BPHs, this paper takes female BPH as the research object. It was found that the number of symbiotic microbiota of different winged BPHs would change at different development stages. Then, based on the 16S rRNA and ITS sequences, a metagenomic library was constructed, combined with fluorescent quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, the dominant symbiotic microbiota flora in the gut of different winged BPHs was found, and the community structure and composition of symbiotic microbiota in different winged BPHs were further determined. Together, our results preliminarily revealed that symbiotic microbiota in the gut of BPHs have certain effects on wing morphology, and understanding the mechanisms underlying wing morph differentiation will clarify how nutritional factors or environmental cues alter or regulate physiological and metabolic pathways. These findings also establish a theoretical basis for subsequent explorations into BPH-symbiont interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Guangxiang Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Danting Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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3
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Qiao H, Wu L, Li C, Yuan T, Gao J. Microbial perspective on restoration of degraded urban soil using ornamental plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:120920. [PMID: 38688130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The urban soil where abandoned buildings are demolished is barren and structurally poor, and this degraded soil requires restoration. Ornamental plants enhance the urban environment, increase biodiversity, and affect soil physicochemical properties, microbial diversity; however, their effects remain unclear. Thus, in this study, a mixed-planting meadow consisting of 14 perennial ornamental flower species, including Iris tectorum, Iris lacteal, and Patrinia scabiosaefolia, etc. Was planted at a demolition site with sewage-contaminated soil in Beijing. Simultaneously, a single-planting lawn of I. tectorum was established in a nearby park. We aimed to examine soil physicochemical properties, sequence soil bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS amplicons, and analyze soil microbial diversity and community structure at both sites at five time points in the year after planting, To explore the effect of herbaceous ornamental plants on degraded urban soil, we used FAPROTAX and FUNGuild to predict bacterial and fungal functions, the bin-based null model to evaluate the soil microbial community, and random matrix theory to construct soil microbial molecular networks. The mixed-planting meadow produced a visually appealing landscape and dynamic seasonal enrichment, significantly increasing soil total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (SOM) contents by 1.99 and 1.21 times, respectively. TN had a positive correlation with soil microbial α diversity and community structure. Dominant phyla at both sites included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Ascomycota. Although soil microorganisms were primarily influenced by stochastic processes, stochasticity was notably higher in the mixed-planting meadow than in the single-planting lawn. The mixed-planting meadow significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms, improving nitrification and aerobic ammonium oxidation of soil bacteria, as well as symbiotroph of fungi. No significant changes were observed in the single-planting lawn. The mixed-planting meadow established a complex soil microbial molecular network, enhancing the correlation between bacteria and fungi and increasing the number of key microorganisms. Our findings suggest the potential of mixed-planting meadow in restoring degraded urban soils by influencing the soil microbial community and enhancing the ecological service function. Our study provides theoretical support for applying mixed-planting meadow communities to improve the soil environment of urban green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Luyao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relice and Archaeology, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chaonan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jianzhou Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
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4
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Fan L, Guan G, Zhao J, Li D, Yu X, Shentu X. Comparative analysis of the diversity of symbionts in fat body of long- and short-winged brown planthoppers. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22096. [PMID: 38500448 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The microbial community structure plays an important role in the internal environment of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), which is an indispensable part to reflect the internal environment of BPH. Wing dimorphism is a strategy for balancing flight and reproduction of insects. Here, quantitative fluorescence PCR was used to analyse the number and changes of the symbionts in the fat body of long- and short-winged BPHs at different developmental stages. A metagenomic library was constructed based on the 16 S rRNA sequence and internal transcribed spacer sequence for high-throughput sequencing, to analyze the community structure and population number of the symbionts of long- and short-winged BPHs, and to make functional prediction. This study enriches the connotation of BPH symbionts, and laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent study of BPH-symbionts interaction and the function of symbionts in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangxiang Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danting Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Shen J, Liang Z, Kuzyakov Y, Li W, He Y, Wang C, Xiao Y, Chen K, Sun G, Lei Y. Dissolved organic matter defines microbial communities during initial soil formation after deglaciation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163171. [PMID: 37001675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem succession and pedogenesis reshuffle the composition and turnover of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its interactions with soil microbiome. The changes of these connections are especially intensive during initial pedogenesis, e.g. in young post-glacial areas. The temporal succession and vertical development of DOM effects on microbial community structure remains elusive. Using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), high-throughput sequencing, and molecular ecological networks, we characterized the molecular diversity of water-extractable DOM and identified its links to microbial communities in soil profiles along deglaciation chronosequence (12, 30, 40, 52, 80, and 120 years) in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Low-molecular-weight compound content decreased, whereas the mid- and high-molecular-weight compounds increased with succession age and soil depth. This was confirmed by the increase in double bond equivalents and averaged oxygen-to‑carbon ratios (O/C), and decrease in hydrogen-to‑carbon ratios (H/C), which reflect DOM accumulation and stabilization. Microbial community succession shifted towards the dominance of oligotrophic Acidobacteria and saprophytic Mortierellomycota, reflecting the increase of stable DOM components (H/C < 1.5 and wider O/C). Less DOM-bacterial positive networks during the succession reduced specialization of labile DOM production (such as lipid- and protein-like compounds), whereas more DOM-fungal negative networks increased specialization of stable DOM decomposition (such as tannin- and condensed aromatic-like compounds). Consequently, DOM stability is not intrinsic during initial pedogenesis: stable DOM compounds remain after fast bacterial utilization of labile DOM compounds, whereas fungi decompose slowly the remaining DOM pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziyan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420049 Kazan, Russia
| | - Weitao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yuting He
- Chengdu Popularization of Agricultural Technique Station, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Geng Sun
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yanbao Lei
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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6
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Cao J, Zhao P, Wang D, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zhong N. Effects of a Nanonetwork-Structured Soil Conditioner on Microbial Community Structure. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050668. [PMID: 37237482 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer application can increase yields, but nutrient runoff may cause environmental pollution and affect soil quality. A network-structured nanocomposite used as a soil conditioner is beneficial to crops and soil. However, the relationship between the soil conditioner and soil microbes is unclear. We evaluated the soil conditioner's impact on nutrient loss, pepper growth, soil improvement, and, especially, microbial community structure. High-throughput sequencing was applied to study the microbial communities. The microbial community structures of the soil conditioner treatment and the CK were significantly different, including in diversity and richness. The predominant bacterial phyla were Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Bacteroidota. Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi were found in significantly higher numbers in the soil conditioner treatment. Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum. The Mortierellomycota phylum was found in significantly lower numbers in the CK. The bacteria and fungi at the genus level were positively correlated with the available K, available N, and pH, but were negatively correlated with the available P. Our results showed that the loss of nutrients controlled by the soil conditioner increased available N, which improved soil properties. Therefore, the microorganisms in the improved soil were changed. This study provides a correlation between improvements in microorganisms and the network-structured soil conditioner, which can promote plant growth and soil improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The Enterprise Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Potato Fertilizer and Pesticide, Hulunbuir 021000, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yonglong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Naiqin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The Enterprise Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Potato Fertilizer and Pesticide, Hulunbuir 021000, China
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Grilli G, Cofré N, Marro N, Videla M, Urcelay C. Shifts from conventional horticulture to agroecology impacts soil fungal diversity in Central Argentina. Mycol Prog 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-023-01872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Wu K, Liu Y, Liao X, Yang X, Chen Z, Mo L, Zhong S, Zhang X. Fungal Diversity and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Coastal Sediments from Guangdong, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010101. [PMID: 36675922 PMCID: PMC9866456 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As one core of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), Guangdong is facing some serious coastal environmental problems. Fungi are more vulnerable to changes in coastal environments than bacteria and archaea. This study investigated the fungal diversity and composition by high-throughput sequencing and detected basic parameters of seven environmental factors (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus) at 11 sites. A total of 2056 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 147 genera in 6 phyla were recovered; Archaeorhizomyces (17.5%) and Aspergillus (14.19%) were the most dominant genera. Interestingly, a total of 14 genera represented the first reports of coastal fungi in this study. Furthermore, there were nine genera of fungi that were significantly correlated with environmental factors. FUNGuild analysis indicated that saprotrophs and pathogens were the two trophic types with the highest proportions. Saprotrophs were significantly correlated with total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), while pathogens were significantly correlated with pH. This study provides new scientific data for the study of the diversity and composition of fungal communities in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Wu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyu Liao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zihui Chen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (X.Z.)
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9
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Zhang Z, Deng Q, Ye H, Ge G. Bacterial and fungal diversities examined through high-throughput sequencing in response to lead contamination of tea garden soil. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1121199. [PMID: 37032858 PMCID: PMC10073568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that the heavy-metal content in tea is increasing gradually. Researchers examining the soil of more than 100 tea gardens in China have observed that lead content was higher in some soils. The effect of lead contamination on soil microorganisms in tea gardens was studied to determine the effect of lead on the essential functions of microorganisms in a tea garden soil ecosystem. Previous studies on pot experiments adopted the method of adding a single instance of pollution, which failed to comprehensively simulate the characteristics of the slow accumulation of heavy metals in soil. This study designed with two pollution modes (multistage and single instance) determined the content of soil lead in different forms according to the European Community Bureau of Reference extraction procedure. The community structure, species diversity and functional abundance of soil bacteria and fungi were examined by high-throughput sequencing. We observed that the content of four forms of lead was higher in the multistage contamination mode than in the single instance contamination mode. The effects of lead contamination on bacteria differed significantly (p < 0.05), and the abundance and diversity of bacteria were higher in the multistage contamination mode than in the single instance contamination mode. The community structure of fungi was more affected by lead than was that of bacteria. The content of each lead form was the environmental factor most strongly affecting soil bacteria and fungi. The predicted main function of the bacterial community was amino acid transport and metabolism, and the trophic mode of the fungal community was mainly pathotroph-saprotroph. This study revealed changes in soil microorganisms caused by different forms of lead and contamination methods in tea garden soil and provide a theoretical basis for examining the effects of lead contamination on soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingmei Deng
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Biotechnology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Gaofei Ge
- Biotechnology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Gaofei Ge,
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Prada-Salcedo LD, Prada-Salcedo JP, Heintz-Buschart A, Buscot F, Goldmann K. Effects of Tree Composition and Soil Depth on Structure and Functionality of Belowground Microbial Communities in Temperate European Forests. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:920618. [PMID: 35910637 PMCID: PMC9328770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.920618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on their tree species composition, forests recruit different soil microbial communities. Likewise, the vertical nutrient gradient along soil profiles impacts these communities and their activities. In forest soils, bacteria and fungi commonly compete, coexist, and interact, which is challenging for understanding the complex mechanisms behind microbial structuring. Using amplicon sequencing, we analyzed bacterial and fungal diversity in relation to forest composition and soil depth. Moreover, employing random forest models, we identified microbial indicator taxa of forest plots composed of either deciduous or evergreen trees, or their mixtures, as well as of three soil depths. We expected that forest composition and soil depth affect bacterial and fungal diversity and community structure differently. Indeed, relative abundances of microbial communities changed more across soil depths than in relation to forest composition. The microbial Shannon diversity was particularly affected by soil depth and by the proportion of evergreen trees. Our results also reflected that bacterial communities are primarily shaped by soil depth, while fungi were influenced by forest tree species composition. An increasing proportion of evergreen trees did not provoke differences in main bacterial metabolic functions, e.g., carbon fixation, degradation, or photosynthesis. However, significant responses related to specialized bacterial metabolisms were detected. Saprotrophic, arbuscular mycorrhizal, and plant pathogenic fungi were related to the proportion of evergreen trees, particularly in topsoil. Prominent microbial indicator taxa in the deciduous forests were characterized to be r-strategists, whereas K-strategists dominated evergreen plots. Considering simultaneously forest composition and soil depth to unravel differences in microbial communities, metabolic pathways and functional guilds have the potential to enlighten mechanisms that maintain forest soil functionality and provide resistance against disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Prada-Salcedo
- Department Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (IDiv), Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Luis Daniel Prada-Salcedo
| | | | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Department Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (IDiv), Leipzig, Germany
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - François Buscot
- Department Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (IDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- Department Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
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11
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Xiang Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Yue X, Yao B, Xue J, Lv W, Zhang L, Xu X, Li Y, Li S. Factors shaping soil organic carbon stocks in grass covered orchards across China: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150632. [PMID: 34606865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Orchard grass coverage has been widely adopted to increase fruit yield by improving soil fertility. However, the impact of the environment on the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks consecutive to orchard grass coverage remain poorly quantified at a large scale. The present study aimed to examine the responses of SOC stocks to grass coverage at a soil depth of 0-30 cm in orchards compared to clean tillage. A total of 342 observations across China from 139 peer-reviewed publications were subjected to meta-analysis. Aggregated boosted tree analysis was performed, evaluating the determinants of SOC stocks, such as plant traits (e.g., fruit tree type, grass type, orchard age, and grass age), edaphic variables (e.g., initial SOC and nitrogen concentration, soil pH, and soil clay content), climatic factors (e.g., mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT)), and management practices (e.g., grass source, grass growing mode, fertilization, grass mowing, placement of mowed residues, and irrigation). On average, orchard grass coverage significantly enhanced SOC stocks by 21.47% (percentage change) compared to clean tillage. Biotic and abiotic factors influenced this increase in SOC stocks following grass coverage in orchards to different extents. Grass age and soil clay content were the main determinants driving the variation in the SOC stocks following grass coverage in orchards. Thus, we propose an efficient way to optimize C sequestration in grass covered orchards, regarding plant traits, climatic factors, edaphic variables, and management practices. Longer than 12 months of surface grass coverage with cultivated grass species in mature deciduous fruit orchards (≥5 years) efficiently increased SOC stocks. This is particularly the case for acidic (pH < 6.5) soils with low C content (SOM < 15 g kg-1) in areas with suitable rainfall and temperature conditions (MAP ≥ 400 mm, MAT ≥ 10 °C). Collectively, this meta-analysis identified orchard grass coverage as a promising practice for significantly increasing SOC stocks at 0-30 cm across large geospatial locations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhou Xiang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Xuejiao Yue
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Forestry Administration Dunhuang Desert Ecosystem Location Research Station, Dunhuang 736200, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Forestry Administration Dunhuang Desert Ecosystem Location Research Station, Dunhuang 736200, China.
| | - Jianming Xue
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd (Scion), Scion 8440, New Zealand
| | - Wenqiang Lv
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Leiyi Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiuyue Xu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Forestry Administration Dunhuang Desert Ecosystem Location Research Station, Dunhuang 736200, China
| | - Song Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
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Wang X, Li G, Zhang Y, Ma K. Contrasting Patterns and Drivers of Soil Fungal Communities between Two Ecosystems Divided by the Treeline. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112280. [PMID: 34835408 PMCID: PMC8622436 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The treeline is a sensitive region of the terrestrial ecosystem responding to climate change. However, studies on the composition and formation mechanisms of soil fungal communities across the treeline are still lacking. In this study, we investigated the patterns of soil fungal community composition and interactions among functional guilds above and below the treeline using Illumina high-throughput sequencing and ecological network analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in the soil environment and soil fungal community composition between the two ecosystems above and below the treeline. At the local scale of this study, geographic distance and environmental factors affected the composition of the soil fungal community. Soil temperature was an important environmental predictor of soil fungal community composition. Species in soil fungal communities in the subalpine meadow were more closely related to each other compared to those in the montane forest. Furthermore, the soil fungal community in montane forest was more stable. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how mountain ecological functions respond to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261061, China;
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Keming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62849104
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13
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Khalid M, Du B, Tan H, Liu X, Su L, Ali M, Liu C, Sun N, Hui N. Phosphorus elevation erodes ectomycorrhizal community diversity and induces divergence of saprophytic community composition between vegetation types. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148502. [PMID: 34166904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a critical macronutrient that is essential for many life-sustaining processes. Despite decades of work on plant performance under P deficiency and the importance of microbes in ecosystem processes, little is known about how bacterial and fungal flora respond to P gradients and determine the vegetation health. In current study, we examined soil edaphic conditions and microbial communities in 39 untouched natural forests representing phosphorous deficient (Pp) and phosphorus rich (Pr) soils (due to naturally occurring phosphate rocks) in Yunnan Province, China. We also considered the effect of plant functional types by including the dominant tree species. Bacterial and fungal diversity was greater across the Pp sites compared with Pr sites. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes was higher across Pp sites, while Chlamydiae and Verrucomicrobia showed the opposite pattern, with greater relative abundance across the Pr sites. Bacterial taxa that were observed in low P soils were more likely having oligotrophic life history strategies. Interestingly, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal diversity was promoted in the Pp sites, indicating that the decreasing soil P concentration and the increasing host P demand foster stimulated the ECM species for hyphal soil exploration. Moreover, the high P level caused saprophytic fungi (SAP) to diverge, causing its enrichment only under Q. variabilis compared to low P soil, where there is no difference in relative abundance of SAP between the two tree species. This likely resulted in an enhanced decomposition process by SAP and elevation of soil properties (Carbon and Nitrogen) under Q. variabilis across the Pr sites. Taken together, our findings highlight the highly diverse microbiome in low P soils. The higher soil P caused shifts of fungal functional guilds, which likely influence tree growth and health (ECM), along with divergence of ecosystem services between tree functional types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baoming Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoxin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lantian Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mehran Ali
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ningxiao Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nan Hui
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
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14
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Differential Responses of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community to Short-Term Crop Tree Management in a Larix gmelinii Plantation. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crop tree management (CTM) is a widely applicable silviculture technology that is used to improve the performance of individual trees. However, only little information is available about the effects of the CTM regime on the soil microbial community structure. We conducted a study to explore the effects of short-term (five years) CTM on the soil bacterial and fungal diversity, community composition, and structure in the 0–10 cm soil layer in a Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. plantation. We set out to investigate the differential response of bacterial and fungal communities to variations in soil properties mediated by short-term CTM. Compared with the control plots, the soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in CTM increased significantly by 64.2% and 32.3%, respectively. CTM significantly promoted the content of soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and nitrate nitrogen, and reduced the content of dissolved organic nitrogen. CTM changed the Shannon and Simpson indices of soil fungi to a remarkable extent but had little effect on the α diversity of bacterial communities. The bacterial β diversity was more sensitive to CTM than fungi. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiae (the dominant class of soil bacteria) in CTM was significantly increased by 78.2%, while the relative abundance of Agaricomycetes (dominant class for soil fungi) was reduced by 43.3%. We observed a significantly increased number of unique OTUs for soil fungi in the CTM plots. Redundancy analysis showed that dissolved organic carbon, soil moisture, and total phosphorus content significantly affected the composition of bacterial communities, while soil dissolved organic nitrogen, C/N, and total phosphorus drove the high variation in fungal community composition. Overall, our results emphasize the divergent response of soil bacterial and fungal communities in Larix gmelinii plantations to short-term CTM. We must pay more attention to the functional role of soil microbiota in future forest management.
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Su F, Xu S, Sayer EJ, Chen W, Du Y, Lu X. Distinct storage mechanisms of soil organic carbon in coniferous forest and evergreen broadleaf forest in tropical China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113142. [PMID: 34186313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of human activities on soil carbon (C) storage in tropical forests has aroused wide concern during the past decades, because these ecosystems play a key role in ameliorating global climate change. However, there remain uncertainties about how land-use history alters soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and storage in different forests. In this study, we measured the C content and mass distributions of soil aggregates, density fractions, mineral-bound C and microbial biomass C in the organic horizon, 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers in coniferous forest and evergreen broadleaf forest at Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in tropical China. The broadleaf forest had larger SOC stocks than the coniferous forest, but the proportion of SOC stored in different density fractions at 0-10 cm soils was similar between forest types, while a greater proportion of SOC was stored in microaggregates in the coniferous forest. Most of the SOC was held as light fraction C in the organic horizon in the coniferous forest, whereas the concentrations of mineral-bound C were higher in the broadleaf forest. These findings indicate clear differences in the protection of SOC between broadleaf and coniferous forests growing on the same soil type. We propose that historic conversion of broadleaf forest to coniferous forest has reduced soil C sequestration capacity by altering the diversity and quality of plant inputs to the soil, which in turn affected macroaggregate formation, soil chemical properties and microbial biomass. Our results thus demonstrate that changes in forest tree species composition could have long-lasting effects on soil structure and carbon storage, providing crucial evidence for policy decisions on forest carbon sink management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglong Su
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emma J Sayer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Weibin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yue Du
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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16
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Kirker GT, Bishell A, Cappellazzi J, Palmer J, Bechle N, Lebow P, Lebow S. Role of Leaf Litter in Above-Ground Wood Decay. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050696. [PMID: 32397554 PMCID: PMC7286020 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of leaf litter on moisture content and fungal decay development in above-ground wood specimens were assessed. Untreated southern pine specimens were exposed with or without leaf litter contact. Two types of leaf litter were evaluated; aged (decomposed) and young (early stages of decomposition). The moisture content of specimens was monitored, and specimens were periodically removed for visual evaluation of decay development. In addition, amplicon-based sequencing analysis of specimens and associated leaf litter was conducted at two time points. Contact with either type of leaf litter resulted in consistently higher moisture contents than those not in contact with leaf litter. Visually, evident decay developed most rapidly in specimens in contact with the aged leaf litter. Analysis of amplicon-based sequencing revealed that leaf litter contributes a significant amount of the available wood decay fungal community with similar communities found in the litter exposed wood and litter itself, but dissimilar community profiles from unexposed wood. Dominant species and guild composition shifted over time, beginning initially with more leaf saprophytes (ascomycetes) and over time shifting to more wood rotting fungi (basidiomycetes). These results highlight the importance of the contributions of leaf litter to fungal colonization and subsequent decay hazard for above-ground wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant T. Kirker
- USDA-FS Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (A.B.); (N.B.); (P.L.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-231-9256
| | - Amy Bishell
- USDA-FS Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (A.B.); (N.B.); (P.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Jed Cappellazzi
- Dept. of Wood Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97731, USA;
| | - Jonathan Palmer
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Nathan Bechle
- USDA-FS Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (A.B.); (N.B.); (P.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Patricia Lebow
- USDA-FS Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (A.B.); (N.B.); (P.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Stan Lebow
- USDA-FS Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (A.B.); (N.B.); (P.L.); (S.L.)
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