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Hassan S, Mushtaq M, Ganiee SA, Zaman M, Yaseen A, Shah AJ, Ganai BA. Microbial oases in the ice: A state-of-the-art review on cryoconite holes as diversity hotspots and their scientific connotations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118963. [PMID: 38640991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cryoconite holes, small meltwater pools on the surface of glaciers and ice sheets, represent extremely cold ecosystems teeming with diverse microbial life. Cryoconite holes exhibit greater susceptibility to the impacts of climate change, underlining the imperative nature of investigating microbial communities as an essential module of polar and alpine ecosystem monitoring efforts. Microbes in cryoconite holes play a critical role in nutrient cycling and can produce bioactive compounds, holding promise for industrial and pharmaceutical innovation. Understanding microbial diversity in these delicate ecosystems is essential for effective conservation strategies. Therefore, this review discusses the microbial diversity in these extreme environments, aiming to unveil the complexity of their microbial communities. The current study envisages that cryoconite holes as distinctive ecosystems encompass a multitude of taxonomically diverse and functionally adaptable microorganisms that exhibit a rich microbial diversity and possess intricate ecological functions. By investigating microbial diversity and ecological functions of cryoconite holes, this study aims to contribute valuable insights into the broader field of environmental microbiology and enhance further understanding of these ecosystems. This review seeks to provide a holistic overview regarding the formation, evolution, characterization, and molecular adaptations of cryoconite holes. Furthermore, future research directions and challenges underlining the need for long-term monitoring, and ethical considerations in preserving these pristine environments are also provided. Addressing these challenges and resolutely pursuing future research directions promises to enrich our comprehension of microbial diversity within cryoconite holes, revealing the broader ecological and biogeochemical implications. The inferences derived from the present study will provide researchers, ecologists, and policymakers with a profound understanding of the significance and utility of cryoconite holes in unveiling the microbial diversity and its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
| | - Misba Mushtaq
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Shahid Ahmad Ganiee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Muzafar Zaman
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Aarif Yaseen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Abdul Jalil Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
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Choudhary P, Bhatt S, Chatterjee S. From freezing to functioning: cellular strategies of cold-adapted bacteria for surviving in extreme environments. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:329. [PMID: 38940837 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability of cold-adapted bacteria to survive in extreme cold and diverse temperatures is due to their unique attributes like cell membrane stability, up-regulation of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, increased production of extracellular polymeric substances, and expansion of membrane pigment. Various cold-adapted proteins, including ice-nucleating proteins (INPs), antifreeze proteins (AFPs), cold shock proteins (Csps), and cold-acclimated proteins (CAPs), help the bacteria to survive in these environments. To sustain cells from extreme cold conditions and maintain stability in temperature fluctuations, survival strategies at the molecular level and their mechanism play significant roles in adaptations in cryospheric conditions. Furthermore, cold shock domains present in the multifunctional cold shock proteins play crucial roles in their adaptation strategies. The considerable contribution of lipopeptides, osmolytes, and membrane pigments plays an integral part in their survival in extreme environments. This review summarizes the evolutionary history of cold-adapted bacteria and their molecular and cellular adaptation strategies to thrive in harsh cold environments. It also discusses the importance of carotenoids produced, lipid composition, cryoprotectants, proteins, and chaperones related to this adaptation. Furthermore, the functions and mechanisms of adaptations within the cell are discussed briefly. One can utilize and explore their potential in various biotechnology applications and their evolutionary journey by knowing the inherent mechanism of their molecular and cellular adaptation to cold climatic conditions. This review will help all branches of the life science community understand the basic microbiology of psychrophiles and their hidden prospect in life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Choudhary
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block-Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Sunidhi Bhatt
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block-Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Subhankar Chatterjee
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Dept. of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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Alvarado-Campo KL, Quintero M, Cuadrado-Cano B, Montoya-Giraldo M, Otero-Tejada EL, Blandón L, Sánchez O, Zuleta-Correa A, Gómez-León J. Heavy Metal Tolerance of Microorganisms Isolated from Coastal Marine Sediments and Their Lead Removal Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2708. [PMID: 38004719 PMCID: PMC10673411 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 338 microorganisms, comprising 271 bacteria and 67 fungi, were isolated from sediment samples collected from underexplored Pacific and Caribbean regions of Colombia. Screening trials were conducted on selected strains (n = 276) to assess their tolerance to cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+), and zinc (Zn2+), leading to the identification of six bacteria capable of withstanding 750 mg·L-1 of each heavy metal ion. Three promising microorganisms, identified as Enterobacter sp. INV PRT213, Pseudomonas sp. INV PRT215, and Stenotrophomonas sp. INV PRT216 were selected for lead removal experiments using LB broth medium supplemented with 400 mg·L-1 Pb2+. Among these, Pseudomonas sp. INV PRT215 exhibited significant potential, removing 49% of initial Pb2+ after 240 min of exposure (16.7 g wet biomass·L-1, pH 5, 30 °C). Infrared spectra of Pb-exposed biomass showed changes in functional groups, including carbonyl groups of amides, carboxylate, phosphate, hydroxyl, and amine groups, compared to the not-exposed control. These changes suggested interactions between the metal and functional groups in the biomass. The findings of this study highlight the potential of microorganisms derived from coastal marine environments as promising candidates for future applications in bioremediation of polluted environments contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen L. Alvarado-Campo
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program–VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute–INVEMAR, Santa Marta 470006, Magdalena, Colombia; (K.L.A.-C.); (M.Q.); (E.L.O.-T.); (L.B.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Marynes Quintero
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program–VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute–INVEMAR, Santa Marta 470006, Magdalena, Colombia; (K.L.A.-C.); (M.Q.); (E.L.O.-T.); (L.B.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Bernarda Cuadrado-Cano
- Master’s Program in Microbiology, College of Medicine, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 130014, Bolívar, Colombia;
| | - Manuela Montoya-Giraldo
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program–VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute–INVEMAR, Santa Marta 470006, Magdalena, Colombia; (K.L.A.-C.); (M.Q.); (E.L.O.-T.); (L.B.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Elver Luis Otero-Tejada
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program–VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute–INVEMAR, Santa Marta 470006, Magdalena, Colombia; (K.L.A.-C.); (M.Q.); (E.L.O.-T.); (L.B.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Lina Blandón
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program–VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute–INVEMAR, Santa Marta 470006, Magdalena, Colombia; (K.L.A.-C.); (M.Q.); (E.L.O.-T.); (L.B.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Olga Sánchez
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Ana Zuleta-Correa
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program–VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute–INVEMAR, Santa Marta 470006, Magdalena, Colombia; (K.L.A.-C.); (M.Q.); (E.L.O.-T.); (L.B.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Javier Gómez-León
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program–VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute–INVEMAR, Santa Marta 470006, Magdalena, Colombia; (K.L.A.-C.); (M.Q.); (E.L.O.-T.); (L.B.); (J.G.-L.)
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Wang C, Sun X, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li M. Comparative metabolomic analysis reveals Ni(II) stress response mechanism of Comamonas testosteroni ZG2. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115244. [PMID: 37441950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The focus on the toxicity of nickel (Ni(II)) in animal and human cells has increased recently. Ni(II) contamination hazards to animals and humans can be reduced by bioremediation methods. However, one of the limitation of bioremediation bacteria in soil remediation is that they cannot survive in moderate and heavy contamination Ni(II)-contaminated environments. Therefore, the Ni(II) response mechanism of Comamonas testosteroni ZG2 which has soil remediation ability in high-concentration Ni(II) environment must be elucidated. The results demonstrated that the ZG2 strain can survive at 350 mg/L concentration of Ni(II), but the growth of ZG2 was completely inhibited under the concentration of 400 mg/L Ni(II) with significant alterations in the membrane morphology, adhesion behavior, and functional groups and serious membrane damage. Furthermore, the metabolic analysis showed that Ni(II) may affect the adhesion behavior and biofilm formation of the ZG2 strain by affecting the abundance of metabolites in amino acid biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, ABC transporter, and cofactor biosynthesis pathways, and inhibiting its growth. This study provides new evidence clarifying the response mechanism of Ni(II) stress in the ZG2 strain, thus playing a significant role in designing the strategies of bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuanhui Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingtang Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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5
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Wu J, Liu C, Wang R, Yan S, Chen B, Zhu X. Enhanced bacterial adhesion force by rifampicin resistance promotes microbial colonization on PE plastic compared to non-resistant biofilm formation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120319. [PMID: 37441870 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The microbial biofilm formed on plastics, is ubiquitous in the environment. However, the effects of antibiotic resistance on the development of the biofilm on plastics, especially with regard to initial cell attachment, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the initial bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm growth of a rifampin (Rif) resistant E. coli (RRE) and a normal gram-positive B. subtilis on a typical plastic (polyethylene, PE). The experiments were conducted in different antibiotic solutions, including Rif, sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and kanamycin (KM), with concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 μg/L to simulate different aquatic environments. The AFM-based single-cell adhesion force determination revealed that Rif resistance strengthened the adhesion force of RRE to PE in the environment rich in Rif rather than SMX and KM. The enhanced adhesion force may be due to the higher secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), particularly proteins, by RRE in the presence of Rif compared to the other two antibiotics. In addition, the higher ATP level of RRE would facilitate the initial adhesion and subsequent biofilm growth. Transcriptome analysis of RRE separately cultured in Rif and SMX environments demonstrated a clear correlation between the expression of Rif resistance and the augmented bacterial adhesion and cellular activity. Biofilm biomass analysis confirmed the promotion effect of Rif resistance on biofilm growth when compared to non-resistant biofilms, establishing a novel association with the augmentation of microbial adhesion force. Our study highlights concerns related to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance during microbial colonization on plastic that may arise from antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Saitao Yan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Ramasamy KP, Mahawar L, Rajasabapathy R, Rajeshwari K, Miceli C, Pucciarelli S. Comprehensive insights on environmental adaptation strategies in Antarctic bacteria and biotechnological applications of cold adapted molecules. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197797. [PMID: 37396361 PMCID: PMC10312091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change and the induced environmental disturbances is one of the major threats that have a strong impact on bacterial communities in the Antarctic environment. To cope with the persistent extreme environment and inhospitable conditions, psychrophilic bacteria are thriving and displaying striking adaptive characteristics towards severe external factors including freezing temperature, sea ice, high radiation and salinity which indicates their potential in regulating climate change's environmental impacts. The review illustrates the different adaptation strategies of Antarctic microbes to changing climate factors at the structural, physiological and molecular level. Moreover, we discuss the recent developments in "omics" approaches to reveal polar "blackbox" of psychrophiles in order to gain a comprehensive picture of bacterial communities. The psychrophilic bacteria synthesize distinctive cold-adapted enzymes and molecules that have many more industrial applications than mesophilic ones in biotechnological industries. Hence, the review also emphasizes on the biotechnological potential of psychrophilic enzymes in different sectors and suggests the machine learning approach to study cold-adapted bacteria and engineering the industrially important enzymes for sustainable bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lovely Mahawar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Raju Rajasabapathy
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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7
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Baria DM, Patel NY, Yagnik SM, Panchal RR, Rajput KN, Raval VH. Exopolysaccharides from marine microbes with prowess for environment cleanup. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76611-76625. [PMID: 36166130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A variety of both small and large biologically intriguing compounds can be found abundantly in the marine environment. Researchers are particularly interested in marine bacteria because they can produce classes of bioactive secondary metabolites that are structurally diverse. The main secondary metabolites produced by marine bacteria are regarded as steroids, alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, biopolymers, and polyketides. The global urbanization leads to the increased use of organic pollutants that are both persistent and toxic for humans, other life forms and tend to biomagnified in environment. The issue can be addressed, by using marine microbial biopolymers with ability for increased bioremediation. Amongst biopolymers, the exopolysaccharides (EPS) are the most prominent under adverse environmental stress conditions. The present review emphasizes the use of EPS as a bio-flocculent for wastewater treatment, as an adsorbent for the removal of textile dye and heavy metals from industrial effluents. The biofilm-forming ability of EPS helps with soil reclamation and reduces soil erosion. EPS are an obvious choice being environmentally friendly and cost-effective in processes for developing sustainable technology. However, a better understanding of EPS biosynthetic pathways and further developing novel sustainable technologies is desirable and certainly will pave the way for efficient usage of EPS for environment cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritiksha Mansukhlal Baria
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Yogeshbhai Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Rakeshkumar Ramanlal Panchal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiransinh Narendrasinh Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vikram Hiren Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Rizzo C, Perrin E, Poli A, Finore I, Fani R, Lo Giudice A. Characterization of the exopolymer-producing Pseudoalteromonas sp. S8-8 from Antarctic sediment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7173-7185. [PMID: 36156161 PMCID: PMC9592659 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract A synergistic approach using cultivation methods, chemical, and bioinformatic analyses was applied to explore the potential of Pseudoalteromonas sp. S8-8 in the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and the possible physiological traits related to heavy metal and/or antibiotic resistance. The effects of different parameters (carbon source, carbon source concentration, temperature, pH and NaCl supplement) were tested to ensure the optimization of growth conditions for EPS production by the strain S8-8. The highest yield of EPS was obtained during growth in culture medium supplemented with glucose (final concentration 2%) and NaCl (final concentration 3%), at 15 °C and pH 7. The EPS was mainly composed of carbohydrates (35%), followed by proteins and uronic acids (2.5 and 2.77%, respectively) and showed a monosaccharidic composition of glucose: mannose: galactosamine: galactose in the relative molar proportions of 1:0.7:0.5:0.4, as showed by the HPAE-PAD analysis. The detection of specific molecular groups (sulfates and uronic acid content) supported the interesting properties of EPSs, i.e. the emulsifying and cryoprotective action, heavy metal chelation, with interesting implication in bioremediation and biomedical fields. The analysis of the genome allowed to identify a cluster of genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis, and two additional gene clusters putatively involved in EPS biosynthesis. Key points • A cold-adapted Pseudoalteromonas strain was investigated for EPS production. • The EPS showed emulsifying, cryoprotective, and heavy metal chelation functions. • Three gene clusters putatively involved in EPS biosynthesis were evidenced by genomic insights. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12180-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rizzo
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Messina, Italy
| | - Elena Perrin
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annarita Poli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Pozzuoli, NA), Italy
| | - Ilaria Finore
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Pozzuoli, NA), Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy. .,Italian Collection of Antarctic Bacteria, National Antarctic Museum (CIBAN-MNA), Section of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061337. [PMID: 35746808 PMCID: PMC9227104 DOI: 10.3390/v14061337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides and other polyanions have been promising candidates in antiviral research for decades. These substances gained attention as antivirals when they demonstrated a high inhibitory effect in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses. However, that initial interest was followed by wide skepticism when in vivo assays refuted the initial results. In this paper we review the use of sulfated polysaccharides, and other polyanions, in antiviral therapy, focusing on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). We maintain that, in spite of those early difficulties, the use of polyanions and, specifically, the use of EPSs, in antiviral therapy should be reconsidered. We base our claim in several points. First, early studies showed that the main disadvantage of sulfated polysaccharides and polyanions is their low bioavailability, but this difficulty can be overcome by the use of adequate administration strategies, such as nebulization of aerosols to gain access to respiratory airways. Second, several sulfated polysaccharides and EPSs have demonstrated to be non-toxic in animals. Finally, these macromolecules are non-specific and therefore they might be used against different variants or even different viruses.
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Banerjee A, Sarkar S, Govil T, González-Faune P, Cabrera-Barjas G, Bandopadhyay R, Salem DR, Sani RK. Extremophilic Exopolysaccharides: Biotechnologies and Wastewater Remediation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:721365. [PMID: 34489911 PMCID: PMC8417407 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.721365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various microorganisms thrive under extreme environments, like hot springs, hydrothermal vents, deep marine ecosystems, hyperacid lakes, acid mine drainage, high UV exposure, and more. To survive against the deleterious effect of these extreme circumstances, they form a network of biofilm where exopolysaccharides (EPSs) comprise a substantial part. The EPSs are often polyanionic due to different functional groups in their structural backbone, including uronic acids, sulfated units, and phosphate groups. Altogether, these chemical groups provide EPSs with a negative charge allowing them to (a) act as ligands toward dissolved cations as well as trace, and toxic metals; (b) be tolerant to the presence of salts, surfactants, and alpha-hydroxyl acids; and (c) interface the solubilization of hydrocarbons. Owing to their unique structural and functional characteristics, EPSs are anticipated to be utilized industrially to remediation of metals, crude oil, and hydrocarbons from contaminated wastewaters, mines, and oil spills. The biotechnological advantages of extremophilic EPSs are more diverse than traditional biopolymers. The present review aims at discussing the mechanisms and strategies for using EPSs from extremophiles in industries and environment bioremediation. Additionally, the potential of EPSs as fascinating biomaterials to mediate biogenic nanoparticles synthesis and treat multicomponent water contaminants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Banerjee
- Centro de investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación Y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Shrabana Sarkar
- Department of Botany, UGC-Center of Advanced Study, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, India
| | - Tanvi Govil
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, United States
- Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing – Biomaterials Center, Rapid City, SD, United States
| | - Patricio González-Faune
- Escuela Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Rajib Bandopadhyay
- Department of Botany, UGC-Center of Advanced Study, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, India
| | - David R. Salem
- Department of Botany, UGC-Center of Advanced Study, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, India
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, United States
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, United States
| | - Rajesh K. Sani
- Department of Botany, UGC-Center of Advanced Study, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, India
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, United States
- BuGReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
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11
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Zlatkov N, Nadeem A, Uhlin BE, Wai SN. Eco-evolutionary feedbacks mediated by bacterial membrane vesicles. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa047. [PMID: 32926132 PMCID: PMC7968517 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are spherical extracellular organelles whose cargo is enclosed by a biological membrane. The cargo can be delivered to distant parts of a given habitat in a protected and concentrated manner. This review presents current knowledge about BMVs in the context of bacterial eco-evolutionary dynamics among different environments and hosts. BMVs may play an important role in establishing and stabilizing bacterial communities in such environments; for example, bacterial populations may benefit from BMVs to delay the negative effect of certain evolutionary trade-offs that can result in deleterious phenotypes. BMVs can also perform ecosystem engineering by serving as detergents, mediators in biochemical cycles, components of different biofilms, substrates for cross-feeding, defense systems against different dangers and enzyme-delivery mechanisms that can change substrate availability. BMVs further contribute to bacteria as mediators in different interactions, with either other bacterial species or their hosts. In short, BMVs extend and deliver phenotypic traits that can have ecological and evolutionary value to both their producers and the ecosystem as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Zlatkov
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aftab Nadeem
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernt Eric Uhlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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12
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Antibiofilm Activity of Antarctic Sponge-Associated Bacteria against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioprospecting in unusual marine environments provides an innovative approach to search novel biomolecules with antibiofilm activity. Antarctic sponge-associated bacteria belonging to Colwellia, Pseudoalteromonas, Shewanella and Winogradskyella genera were evaluated for their ability to contrast the biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, as model organisms. All strains were able to produce biofilm at both 4 and 25 °C, with the highest production being for Colwellia, Shewanella and Winogradskyella strains at 4 °C after 24 h. Antibiofilm activity of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) differed among strains and on the basis of their incubation temperature (CFSs4°C and CFSs25°C). The major activity was observed by CFSs4°C against S. aureus and CFSs25°C against P. aeruginosa, without demonstrating a bactericidal effect on their growth. Furthermore, the antibiofilm activity of crude extracts from Colwellia sp. GW185, Shewanella sp. CAL606, and Winogradskyella sp. CAL396 was also evaluated and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopic images. Results based on the surface-coating assay and surface tension measurements suggest that CFSs and the crude extracts may act as biosurfactants inhibiting the first adhesion of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The CFSs and the novel biopolymers may be useful in applicative perspectives for pharmaceutical and environmental purposes.
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13
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Physiological and Molecular Responses to Main Environmental Stressors of Microalgae and Bacteria in Polar Marine Environments. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121957. [PMID: 33317109 PMCID: PMC7764121 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arctic and Antarctic regions constitute 14% of the total biosphere. Although they differ in their physiographic characteristics, both are strongly affected by snow and ice cover changes, extreme photoperiods and low temperatures, and are still largely unexplored compared to more accessible sites. This review focuses on microalgae and bacteria from polar marine environments and, in particular, on their physiological and molecular responses to harsh environmental conditions. The data reported in this manuscript show that exposure to cold, increase in CO2 concentration and salinity, high/low light, and/or combination of stressors induce variations in species abundance and distribution for both polar bacteria and microalgae, as well as changes in growth rate and increase in cryoprotective compounds. The use of -omics techniques also allowed to identify specific gene losses and gains which could have contributed to polar environmental adaptation, and metabolic shifts, especially related to lipid metabolism and defence systems, such as the up-regulation of ice binding proteins, chaperones and antioxidant enzymes. However, this review also provides evidence that -omics resources for polar species are still few and several sequences still have unknown functions, highlighting the need to further explore polar environments, the biology and ecology of the inhabiting bacteria and microalgae, and their interactions.
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14
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Finore I, Vigneron A, Vincent WF, Leone L, Di Donato P, Schiano Moriello A, Nicolaus B, Poli A. Novel Psychrophiles and Exopolymers from Permafrost Thaw Lake Sediments. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091282. [PMID: 32842646 PMCID: PMC7563700 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermokarst lakes are one of the most abundant types of microbial ecosystems in the circumpolar North. These shallow basins are formed by the thawing and collapse of ice-rich permafrost, with subsequent filling by snow and ice melt. Until now, permafrost thaw lakes have received little attention for isolation of microorganisms by culture-based analysis. The discovery of novel psychrophiles and their biomolecules makes these extreme environments suitable sources for the isolation of new strains, including for potential biotechnological applications. In this study, samples of bottom sediments were collected from three permafrost thaw lakes in subarctic Québec, Canada. Their diverse microbial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis, and subsamples were cultured for the isolation of bacterial strains. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of the isolates revealed affinities to the genera Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Acinetobacter,Staphylococcus and Sphingomonas. The isolates were then evaluated for their production of extracellular enzymes and exopolymers. Enzymes of potential biotechnological interest included α and β-glucosidase, α and β-maltosidase, β-xylosidase and cellobiohydrolase. One isolate, Pseudomonas extremaustralis strain 2ASCA, also showed the capability to produce, in the loosely bound cell fraction, a levan-type polysaccharide with a yield of 613 mg/L of culture, suggesting its suitability as a candidate for eco-sustainable alternatives to commercial polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Finore
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Adrien Vigneron
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN) & Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.V.); (W.F.V.)
| | - Warwick F. Vincent
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN) & Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.V.); (W.F.V.)
| | - Luigi Leone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Paola Di Donato
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Annarita Poli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0818675311
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15
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Rizzo C, Conte A, Azzaro M, Papale M, Rappazzo AC, Battistel D, Roman M, Lo Giudice A, Guglielmin M. Cultivable Bacterial Communities in Brines from Perennially Ice-Covered and Pristine Antarctic Lakes: Ecological and Biotechnological Implications. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E819. [PMID: 32486118 PMCID: PMC7355736 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity and biotechnological potentialities of bacterial isolates from brines of three Antarctic lakes of the Northern Victoria Land (namely Boulder Clay and Tarn Flat areas) were first explored. Cultivable bacterial communities were analysed mainly in terms of bacterial response to contaminants (i.e., antibiotics and heavy metals) and oxidation of contaminants (i.e., aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorobiphenyls). Moreover, the biosynthesis of biomolecules (antibiotics, extracellular polymeric substances and enzymes) with applications for human health and environmental protection was assayed. A total of 74 and 141 isolates were retrieved from Boulder Clay and Tarn Flat brines, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, bacterial isolates represented three phyla, namely Proteobacteria (i.e., Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria), Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, with differences encountered among brines. At genus level, Rhodobacter, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter and Leifsonia members were dominant. Results obtained from this study on the physiological and enzymatic features of cold-adapted isolates from Antarctic lake brines provide interesting prospects for possible applications in the biotechnological field through future targeted surveys. Finally, findings on contaminant occurrence and bacterial response suggest that bacteria might be used as bioindicators for tracking human footprints in these remote polar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rizzo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Villa Pace, 98167 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Maria Papale
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Alessandro C. Rappazzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Dario Battistel
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, University Ca’ Foscari, 30123 Venezia, Italy; (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Marco Roman
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, University Ca’ Foscari, 30123 Venezia, Italy; (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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