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Zhu Y, Bai S, Li N, Wang JH, Wang JK, Wang Q, Wang K, Zhang T. Expression and characterization of a novel microbial GH9 glucanase, IDSGLUC9-4, isolated from sheep rumen. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1581-1594. [PMID: 38810985 PMCID: PMC11366526 DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify and characterize a novel endo-β-glucanase, IDSGLUC9-4, from the rumen metatranscriptome of Hu sheep. METHODS A novel endo-β-glucanase, IDSGLUC9-4, was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. The optimal temperature and pH of recombinant IDSGLUC9-4 were determined. Subsequently, substrate specificity of the enzyme was assessed using mixed-linked glucans including barley β-glucan and Icelandic moss lichenan. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analyses were conducted to determine the products released from polysaccharides and cello-oligosaccharides substrates. RESULTS The recombinant IDSGLUC9-4 exhibited temperature and pH optima of 40°C and pH 6.0, respectively. It exclusively hydrolyzed mixed-linked glucans, with significant activity observed for barley β-glucan (109.59±3.61 μmol/mg min) and Icelandic moss lichenan (35.35±1.55 μmol/mg min). TLC and HPLC analyses revealed that IDSGLUC9-4 primarily released cellobiose, cellotriose, and cellotetraose from polysaccharide substrates. Furthermore, after 48 h of reaction, IDSGLUC9-4 removed most of the glucose, indicating transglycosylation activity alongside its endo-glucanase activity. CONCLUSION The recombinant IDSGLUC9-4 was a relatively acid-resistant, mesophilic endo-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) that hydrolyzed glucan-like substrates, generating predominantly G3 and G4 oligosaccharides, and which appeared to have glycosylation activity. These findings provided insights into the substrate specificity and product profiles of rumen-derived GH9 glucanases and contributed to the expanding knowledge of cellulolytic enzymes and novel herbivore rumen enzymes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Zhu
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112,
China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Shuning Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Nuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Jun-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Jia-Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112,
China
| | - Tietao Zhang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112,
China
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Jin X, Wang JK, Wang Q. Microbial β-glucanases: production, properties, and engineering. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:106. [PMID: 36847914 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, which mainly consists of cellulose and hemicellulose, is the most abundant renewable biopolymer on earth. β-Glucanases are glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that hydrolyze β-glucan, one of the dominant components of the plant cell wall, into cello-oligosaccharides and glucose. Among them, endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), exo-glucanase/cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91), and β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) play critical roles in the digestion of glucan-like substrates. β-Glucanases have attracted considerable interest within the scientific community due to their applications in the feed, food, and textile industries. In the past decade, there has been considerable progress in the discovery, production, and characterization of novel β-glucanases. Advances in the development of next-generation sequencing techniques, including metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, have unveiled novel β-glucanases isolated from the gastrointestinal microbiota. The study of β-glucanases is beneficial for research and development of commercial products. In this study, we review the classification, properties, and engineering of β-glucanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia-Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Fang D, Xue D, Liu X, Cao L, Zhang J, Gong C. Concurrent production of ferulic acid and glucose from wheat bran by catalysis of a putative bifunctional enzyme. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128393. [PMID: 36442604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study a bifunctional endoglucanase/carboxylesterase in Sphingobacterium soilsilvae Em02 and express it in soluble form in engineered Escherichia coli. The molecular weight of the recombinant protein of the bifunctional enzyme was 41 KDa. This research also determined the enzymatic activities of the bifunctional enzymes using microcrystalline cellulose and p-nitrophenyl butyrate as substrates and found 40 °C as the optimum temperature for their enzymatic activities. The optimal pH in dual function was 6.0 for endoglucanase and 7.0 for carboxylesterase. The bifunctional enzyme also exhibited enzymatic activities on the natural biomass by generating up to 3.94 mg of glucose and 49.4 μg of ferulic acid from 20 mg of destarched wheat bran. This indicates the broad application prospects of the bifunctional enzyme in agriculture and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Fang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Xue
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Xiaoji Liu
- CECEP (Feixi) WTE CO., LTD., Hefei 230001, PR China
| | - Liping Cao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Chunjie Gong
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China.
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Fungal cellulases: protein engineering and post-translational modifications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:1-24. [PMID: 34889986 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of lignocelluloses into fermentable sugars to produce biofuels and other biomaterials is critical for environmentally sustainable development and energy resource supply. However, there are problems in enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis, such as the complex cellulase composition, low degradation efficiency, high production cost, and post-translational modifications (PTMs), all of which are closely related to specific characteristics of cellulases that remain unclear. These problems hinder the practical application of cellulases. Due to the rapid development of computer technology in recent years, computer-aided protein engineering is being widely used, which also brings new opportunities for the development of cellulases. Especially in recent years, a large number of studies have reported on the application of computer-aided protein engineering in the development of cellulases; however, these articles have not been systematically reviewed. This article focused on the aspect of protein engineering and PTMs of fungal cellulases. In this manuscript, the latest literatures and the distribution of potential sites of cellulases for engineering have been systematically summarized, which provide reference for further improvement of cellulase properties. KEY POINTS: •Rational design based on virtual mutagenesis can improve cellulase properties. •Modifying protein side chains and glycans helps obtain superior cellulases. •N-terminal glutamine-pyroglutamate conversion stabilizes fungal cellulases.
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Cao JW, Deng Q, Gao DY, He B, Yin SJ, Qian LC, Wang JK, Wang Q. A novel bifunctional glucanase exhibiting high production of glucose and cellobiose from rumen bacterium. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:136-145. [PMID: 33482202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herbivores gastrointestinal microbiota is of tremendous interest for mining novel lignocellulosic enzymes for bioprocessing. We previously reported a set of potential carbohydrate-active enzymes from the metatranscriptome of the Hu sheep rumen microbiome. In this study, we isolated and heterologously expressed two novel glucanase genes, Cel5A-h38 and Cel5A-h49, finding that both recombinant enzymes showed the optimum temperatures of 50 °C. Substrate-specificity determination revealed that Cel5A-h38 was exclusively active in the presence of mixed-linked glucans, such as barley β-glucan and Icelandic moss lichenan, whereas Cel5A-h49 (EC 3.2.1.4) exhibited a wider substrate spectrum. Surprisingly, Cel5A-h38 initially released only cellotriose from lichenan and further converted it into an equivalent amount of glucose and cellobiose, suggesting a dual-function as both endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73) and exo-cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91). Additionally, we performed enzymatic hydrolysis of sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis) and rice (Orysa sativa) straw using Cel5A-h38, revealing liberation of 1.91 ± 0.30 mmol/mL and 2.03 ± 0.09 mmol/mL reducing sugars, respectively, including high concentrations of glucose and cellobiose. These results provided new insights into glucanase activity and lay a foundation for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - De-Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Li-Chun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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