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Li Y, Song J, Jiang S, Yang Y, Han Y, Zhong L, Zhou J, Wang M, Song H, Xu Y. Canine distemper virus (CDV)-neutralizing activities of an anti-CDV canine-derived single-chain variable antibody fragment 4-15 (scFv 4-15) screened by phage display technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128645. [PMID: 38061526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes severe diarrhea, fever and vomiting in domestic dogs, posing a serious threat to the dog breeding industry. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic agents for emergency treatment despite the availability of vaccines against CDV infection. Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody has been demonstrated to effectively inhibit virus infections, suggesting a potential candidate as a therapeutic agent for canine distemper. In this study, a phage-displayed scFv library was constructed from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of dog immunized intramuscularly with live-attenuated CDV vaccine, and was subjected to four rounds of pannings against CDV. Subsequent indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening revealed high-affinity scFv antibodies specific to CDV, and indirect immunofluorescence assay screening revealed CDV-neutralizing activity of scFv antibodies. Our results showed that a scFv antibody 4-15 (scFv 4-15) with high-affinity binding to CDV and neutralizing activity against CDV was obtained, which displayed effective therapeutic potential in vivo for dogs challenged with a lethal dose of CDV. Conclusively, the scFv 4-15 with high-affinity binding and neutralizing activity to CDV that was obtained by phage display technology provides a promising candidate for the therapeutic agents against CDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Huijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingge Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China; Republic of China Longkou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Longkou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Petrone-García VM, Castellanos-Huerta I, Tellez-Isaias G. Editorial: High-impact respiratory RNA virus diseases. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1273650. [PMID: 37675076 PMCID: PMC10478262 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1273650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
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Cao L, Kong X, Zhang Y, Suo X, Li X, Duan Y, Yuan C, Zheng H, Wang Q. Development of a novel double-antibody sandwich quantitative ELISA for detecting SADS-CoV infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2413-2422. [PMID: 36809389 PMCID: PMC9942060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an emerging swine enteric alphacoronavirus that can cause acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and death of newborn piglets. In this study, we developed a double-antibody sandwich quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-qELISA) for detection of SADS-CoV by using an anti-SADS-CoV N protein rabbit polyclonal antibody (PAb) and a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6E8 against the SADS-CoV N protein. The PAb was used as the capture antibodies and HRP-labeled 6E8 as the detector antibody. The detection limit of the developed DAS-qELISA assay was 1 ng/mL of purified antigen and 101.08TCID50/mL of SADS-CoV, respectively. Specificity assays showed that the developed DAS-qELISA has no cross-reactivity with other swine enteric coronaviruses, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). Three-day-old piglets were challenged with SADS-CoV and collected anal swab samples which were screened for the presence of SADS-CoV by using DAS-qELISA and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The coincidence rate of the DAS-qELISA and RT-PCR was 93.93%, and the kappa value was 0.85, indicating that DAS-qELISA is a reliable method for applying antigen detection of clinical samples. KEY POINTS: • The first double-antibody sandwich quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection SADS-CoV infection. • The custom ELISA is useful for controlling the SADS-CoV spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Cao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuepeng Suo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangtong Li
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyue Duan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China.
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Li R, Wen Y, Yang L, Qian QS, Chen XX, Zhang JQ, Li X, Xing BS, Qiao S, Zhang G. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on viral antigen capture by anti-spike glycoprotein monoclonal antibody for detecting immunoglobulin A antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in milk. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:46. [PMID: 36765329 PMCID: PMC9921583 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), caused by PED virus (PEDV), is a severe enteric disease burdening the global swine industry in recent years. Especially, the mortality of PED in neonatal piglets approaches 100%. Maternal antibodies in milk, particularly immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies, are of great importance for protection neonatal suckling piglets against PEDV infection as passive lactogenic immunity. Therefore, appropriate detection methods are required for detecting PEDV IgA antibodies in milk. In the current study, we prepared monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PEDV spike (S) glycoprotein. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was subsequently developed based on PEDV antigen capture by a specific anti-S mAb. RESULTS The developed ELISA showed high sensitivity (the maximum dilution of milk samples up to 1:1280) and repeatability (coefficient of variation values < 10%) in detecting PEDV IgA antibody positive and negative milk samples. More importantly, the developed ELISA showed a high coincidence rate with a commercial ELISA kit for PEDV IgA antibody detection in clinical milk samples. CONCLUSIONS The developed ELISA in the current study is applicable for PEDV IgA antibody detection in milk samples, which is beneficial for evaluating vaccination efficacies and neonate immune status against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Ying Wen
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Lei Yang
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Qi-sheng Qian
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Xin-xin Chen
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Jia-qing Zhang
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Xuewu Li
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Bao-song Xing
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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Zhou W, Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Cheng C, Xue Q, Wang X, Chang J, Miao C. Huangqin Qingre Qubi Capsule inhibits RA pathology by binding FZD8 and further inhibiting the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115886. [PMID: 36336221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huangqin Qingre Qubi Capsule (HQC) is a Chinese herbal compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is made from dry roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, dry mature seeds of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis, dry and mature seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi var. stenocarpa Oliv., dry mature seeds of Amygdalus persica L. and roots and rhizomes of Clematis chinensis Osbeck in the proportion of 10:9:30:5:10. HQC has a significant effect in clinical treatment of RA, which can inhibit RA inflammation, improve oxidative stress state, and effectively relieve symptoms of RA patients. AIM OF THE STUDY The anti-arthritis effect of HQC and its mechanism, especially whether it improves RA through FZD8-Wnt/β-catenin signal axis, were studied using adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats and FLS from RA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real time qPCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot (WB), confocal microscopy and other molecular biological methods were used to study the anti-RA effect of HQC and its mechanism. RESULTS The expression of FZD8 was significantly up-regulated in synovium and FLS of AA rats and RA FLS. FZD8 significantly activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promoted abnormal proliferation of FLS, increased the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, and significantly increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and fibronectin. HQC has significant therapeutic effect on AA rats. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics showed that HQC had a good binding ability with FZD8. We also confirmed that HQC inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by binding FZD8, and reduced the levels of the above inflammatory factors and pathological genes of RA. CONCLUSIONS The expression of FZD8 is significantly increased in AA rats and FLS from RA patients. Clarify that HQC improves RA through the FZD8-Wnt/β-catenin signal axis, provide a clear therapeutic mechanism for HQC to improve RA, and also provide a basis for clinical promotion of HQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yurong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Rheumatism, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Chenglong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Rheumatism, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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Guo Q, Wang D, Zeng M, Gong Z, Deng X, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xu L. Determination of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in Serum by a Laboratory-Constructed Time-Resolved Fluorescent Nanosphere-Based Immunochromatographic Test Strip. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2152039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Guo
- Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Deyin Wang
- Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xiyan Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Liyan Zhang
- Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Liang Xu
- Tianjin Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Fayaz A, Rajak KK, Kumar A, Karki M, Kiran, Rai V, Bhatt M, Singh RP. Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to canine morbillivirus. Biologicals 2022; 79:19-26. [PMID: 36096853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine morbillivirus is a highly contagious multi-host pathogen with high morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis is of utmost importance to effectively control such a dreadful disease. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) serve as a high throughput diagnostics and applied tools for research and development (R&D). In the present study, a total of six mouse monoclonal antibodies were developed. All the mAbs generated belonged to IgG class. Of the six mAbs, two of them, namely CD-2F8 and CD-3D8 were directed against the nucleocapsid protein of CDV as determined in western blotting. The reactivity of all the mAbs was checked in indirect-ELISA and cell-ELISA using different morbilliviruses. The mAbs could broadly be categorized as; CDV specific (CD-3D8 and CD-2F8), cross-reactive to PPR virus (CD-AB3 and CD-4D6) and cross-reactive to both PPR virus and measles virus (CD-5D10 and CD-6E5). The characterized mAbs were used for antigenic profiling of CDV, PPR virus and measles virus. Based on the reactivity pattern; a close antigenic relationship was found among CDV and PPR virus as compared to measles virus. A pair of CDV specific mAbs namely CD-2F8 and CD-3D8 were identified which did not cross-react with measles and PPR viruses and thus could be used for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfa Fayaz
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Monu Karki
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Kiran
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Vishal Rai
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
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Karki M, Rajak KK, Singh RP. Canine morbillivirus (CDV): a review on current status, emergence and the diagnostics. Virusdisease 2022; 33:309-321. [PMID: 36039286 PMCID: PMC9403230 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing host range of canine morbillivirus (CDV) affecting important wildlife species such as Lions, Leopard, and Red Pandas has raised the concern. Canine distemper is a pathogen of dogs affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Seventeen lineages of CDV are reported, and the eighteenth lineage was proposed in 2019 from India. Marked genomic differences in the genome of wild-type virus and vaccine strain are also reported.The variations at the epitope level can be differentiated using specific monoclonal antibodies in neutralization tests. Keeping in mind the current status of the emergence of CDV, genetic and molecular study of circulating strains of the specific geographical region are the essential components of the disease control strategy. New target-based diagnostics and vaccines are in need to counter the effects of the emerging virus population. Control of CDV is necessary to save the endangered, vulnerable, and many other wildlife species to maintain balance in the ecological system. This review provides an overview on emergence reported in CDV, diagnostics developed till today, and a perspective on the disease control strategy, keeping wildlife in consideration.
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Multiple Receptors Involved in Invasion and Neuropathogenicity of Canine Distemper Virus: A Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071520. [PMID: 35891500 PMCID: PMC9317347 DOI: 10.3390/v14071520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The canine distemper virus (CDV) is a morbillivirus that infects a broad range of terrestrial carnivores, predominantly canines, and is associated with high mortality. Similar to another morbillivirus, measles virus, which infects humans and nonhuman primates, CDV transmission from an infected host to a naïve host depends on two cellular receptors, namely, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM or CD150) and the adherens junction protein nectin-4 (also known as PVRL4). CDV can also invade the central nervous system by anterograde spread through olfactory nerves or in infected lymphocytes through the circulation, thus causing chronic progressive or relapsing demyelination of the brain. However, the absence of the two receptors in the white matter, primary cultured astrocytes, and neurons in the brain was recently demonstrated. Furthermore, a SLAM/nectin-4-blind recombinant CDV exhibits full cell-to-cell transmission in primary astrocytes. This strongly suggests the existence of a third CDV receptor expressed in neural cells, possibly glial cells. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the study of CDV receptors, highlighting the unidentified glial receptor and its contribution to pathogenicity in the host nervous system. The reviewed studies focus on CDV neuropathogenesis, and neural receptors may provide promising directions for the treatment of neurological diseases caused by CDV. We also present an overview of other neurotropic viruses to promote further research and identification of CDV neural receptors.
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Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives: A New Class of Coumarin-Based G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activators and Inhibitors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102021. [PMID: 35631901 PMCID: PMC9147790 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To expand the range of daphnetin-based inhibitors/activators used for targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in disease treatment, twenty-five coumarin derivatives 1–25, including 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives with various substitution patterns/groups at C3-/4- positions, were synthesized via mild Pechmann condensation and hydroxyl modification. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-MS. Their inhibition or activation activities relative to GPCRs were evaluated by double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS–ELISA) in vitro. The results showed that most of the coumarin derivatives possessed a moderate GPCR activation or inhibitory potency. Among them, derivatives 14, 17, 18, and 21 showed a remarkable GPCR activation potency, with EC50 values of 0.03, 0.03, 0.03, and 0.02 nM, respectively. Meanwhile, derivatives 4, 7, and 23 had significant GPCR inhibitory potencies against GPCRs with IC50 values of 0.15, 0.02, and 0.76 nM, respectively. Notably, the acylation of hydroxyl groups at the C-7 and C-8 positions of 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin skeleton or the etherification of the hydroxyl group at the C-7 position of the 7-hydroxycoumarin skeleton could successfully change GPCRs activators into inhibitors. This work demonstrated a simple and efficient approach to developing coumarin derivatives as remarkable GPCRs activators and inhibitors via molecular diversity-based synthesis.
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Mohammad HA, Ajaj EA, Gharban HAJ. The first study on confirmation and risk factors of acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs in Wasit Province, Iraq, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Vet World 2022; 15:968-974. [PMID: 35698493 PMCID: PMC9178565 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.968-974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: In Iraq, stray dogs represent a critical population of free-roaming animals, which probably play a role in the transmission of different infections to other animals. Canine distemper is one of the most growing viral threats to carnivores in many countries worldwide, including Iraq. Therefore, this study was aimed to diagnose the disease using serological and molecular assay and the role of risk factors in the spreading infection. Materials and Methods: In all, 158 venous blood samples were collected randomly from stray dogs in rural and sub-urban areas of Iraq from May 2019 to December 2020. The samples were examined serologically using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and molecularly by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect and confirm chronic and acute infections. To determine the association between infection and various risk factors, the study animals were divided according to their locations, sexes, and ages. The age groups were ≤8 months (puppy), 1-3 years (young), and ≥3 years (old/mature). Results: ELISA result shows that 6.96% and 19.62% of dogs were seropositive for acute and chronic distemper, respectively. The titer of chronic infections (0.421±0.027) was significantly higher (p≤0.025) than that of acute canine distemper (0.337±0.016). On RT-PCR, 8.86% of dogs were found positive for distemper. Using RT-PCR as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the IgM ELISA kit were 75% and 98.63%, respectively, whereas the positive and negative predictivity were 81.82% and 97.96%, respectively. A significant variation (p<0.05) was observed in the distribution of positive findings among the different epidemiological risk factors. Compared with rural areas, positivity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in sub-urban areas on IgM (26.92%) and IgG (64.15%) ELISA and RT-PCR (34.62%). On IgM ELISA and RT-PCR, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found among the three age groups; however, positivity was significantly higher (p≤0.048) in the ≥3 years group (22.73%) on IgG ELISA. Furthermore, only IgG ELISA showed a significantly higher (p≤0.032) positivity rate in female dogs (25.23%) than in male dogs (7.84%). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Iraqi study to demonstrate acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs, suggesting that the prolonged shedding of virus from positive dogs is a critical point in the epidemiology of the disease. Additional studies in dogs or other carnivores are required to establish baseline data on the prevalence of the disease in Iraq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Asim Mohammad
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Eva Aisser Ajaj
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Hasanain A. J. Gharban
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wasit, Wasit, Iraq
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Optimization, validation and initial clinical implications of a Luminex-based immunoassay for the quantification of Fragile X Protein from dried blood spots. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5617. [PMID: 35379866 PMCID: PMC8980090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is caused by a trinucleotide expansion leading to silencing of the FMR1 gene and lack of expression of Fragile X Protein (FXP, formerly known as Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, FMRP). Phenotypic presentation of FXS is highly variable, and the lack of reproducible, sensitive assays to detect FXP makes evaluation of peripheral FXP as a source of clinical variability challenging. We optimized a Luminex-based assay to detect FXP in dried blot spots for increased reproducibility and sensitivity by improving reagent concentrations and buffer conditions. The optimized assay was used to quantify FXP in 187 individuals. We show that the optimized assay is highly reproducible and detects a wide range of FXP levels. Mosaic individuals had, on average, higher FXP levels than fully methylated individuals, and trace amounts of FXP were consistently detectable in a subset of individuals with full mutation FXS. IQ scores were positively correlated with FXP levels in males and females with full mutation FXS demonstrating the clinical utility of this method. Our data suggest trace amounts of FXP detectable in dried blood spots of individuals with FXS could be clinically relevant and may be used to stratify individuals with FXS for optimized treatment.
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Crystal Structure-Guided Design of Bisubstrate Inhibitors and Photoluminescent Probes for Protein Kinases of the PIM Family. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144353. [PMID: 34299628 PMCID: PMC8307404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed an X-ray crystallographic study of complexes of protein kinase PIM-1 with three inhibitors comprising an adenosine mimetic moiety, a linker, and a peptide-mimetic (d-Arg)6 fragment. Guided by the structural models, simplified chemical structures with a reduced number of polar groups and chiral centers were designed. The developed inhibitors retained low-nanomolar potency and possessed remarkable selectivity toward the PIM kinases. The new inhibitors were derivatized with biotin or fluorescent dye Cy5 and then applied for the detection of PIM kinases in biochemical solutions and in complex biological samples. The sandwich assay utilizing a PIM-2-selective detection antibody featured a low limit of quantification (44 pg of active recombinant PIM-2). Fluorescent probes were efficiently taken up by U2OS cells and showed a high extent of co-localization with PIM-1 fused with a fluorescent protein. Overall, the developed inhibitors and derivatives represent versatile chemical tools for studying PIM function in cellular systems in normal and disease physiology.
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14
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Singh R, Chandel S, Ghosh A, Dey D, Chakravarti R, Roy S, Ravichandiran V, Ghosh D. Application of CRISPR/Cas System in the Metabolic Engineering of Small Molecules. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:459-476. [PMID: 33774733 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their associated Cas protein technology area is rapidly growing technique for genome editing and modulation of transcription of several microbes. Successful engineering in microbes requires an emphasis on the aspect of efficiency and targeted aiming, which can be employed using CRISPR/Cas system. Hence, this type of system is used to modify the genome of several microbes such as yeast and bacteria. In recent years, CRISPR/Cas systems have been chosen for metabolic engineering in microbes due to their specificity, orthogonality, and efficacy. Therefore, we need to review the scheme which was acquired for the execution of the CRISPR/Cas system for the modification and metabolic engineering in yeast and bacteria. In this review, we highlighted the application of the CRISPR/Cas system which has been used for the production of small molecules in the microbial system that is chemically and biologically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajveer Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Shivani Chandel
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Dhritiman Dey
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Rudra Chakravarti
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Syamal Roy
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Dipanjan Ghosh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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