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Liu Y, Zhao Q, Gu X, Fan A, Zhu S, Su Q, Kang L, Feng L. Research on the Application of New Building Recycled Insulation Materials for Walls. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2122. [PMID: 39125148 PMCID: PMC11314556 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a new type of recycled polyurethane material is used as a new type of wall insulation material, and the new building insulation wall made of this paper has high efficiency thermal insulation and energy-saving characteristics and also has certain environmental significance. The thermal conductivity of the new building cold insulation recycled polyurethane material is 0.023 W/(m·K), and the thermal conductivity of the new building insulation wall prepared is 0.297 W/(m·K). Compared with traditional double-sided plastered porous wall tiles, it can save 85.4% of energy consumption per square meter, with higher thermal insulation characteristics and economic benefits. The preparation of a new type of building insulation wall proposed in this paper provides a new and green way for wall insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Energy and Building Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.S.); (L.K.); (L.F.)
| | - Qinglong Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China;
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- School of Energy and Building Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.S.); (L.K.); (L.F.)
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Anyu Fan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Shangwen Zhu
- School of Energy and Building Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.S.); (L.K.); (L.F.)
| | - Qingyong Su
- School of Energy and Building Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.S.); (L.K.); (L.F.)
| | - Li Kang
- School of Energy and Building Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.S.); (L.K.); (L.F.)
| | - Lizhi Feng
- School of Energy and Building Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.S.); (L.K.); (L.F.)
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Banerjee S, K MH, Shastry RP. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for early on-site detection of Group B Streptococcus infection in neonatal sepsis blood sample. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:811. [PMID: 39002038 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis, often attributed to Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection, poses a critical health risk to infants, demanding rapid and accurate diagnostic approaches. Existing diagnostic approaches are dependent on traditional culture methods, a process that requires substantial time and has the potential to delay crucial therapeutic assessments. METHODS This study introduces an innovative Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay for the early on-site detection of GBS infection from neonatal sepsis blood samples. To develop a LAMP assay, the primers are designed for the selective targeting of a highly conserved segment within the cfb gene encoding the CAMP factor in Streptococcus agalactiae ensuring high specificity. RESULTS Rigorous optimization of reaction conditions, including temperature and incubation time, enhances the efficiency of the LAMP assay, enabling rapid and reliable GBS detection within a short timeframe. The diagnostic efficacy of the LAMP assay was evaluated using spiked blood samples by eliminating the DNA extraction step. The simplified colorimetric LAMP assay has the capability to detect S. agalactiae in a neonatal blood sample containing 2 CFU/mL during sepsis. Additionally, the LAMP assay effectively detected S. agalactiae in both the standard and spiked blood samples, with no detectable interference with blood. CONCLUSION This optimised LAMP assay emerges as a promising tool for early GBS detection, offering a rapid and accurate on-site solution that has the potential to inform timely interventions and improve outcomes in neonatal sepsis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukla Banerjee
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Mithun H K
- Department of Pediatrics, Yenepoya Medical College and Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Shastry RP, Bajire SK, Banerjee S, Shastry KP, Hameed A. Association Between Biofilm Formation and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:206. [PMID: 38831051 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in fresh fruits and vegetables is a growing public health concern. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between biofilm formation and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production in K. pneumoniae strains obtained from fresh fruits and vegetables. Out of 120 samples analysed, 94 samples (78%) were found to be positive for K. pneumoniae. Among the K. pneumoniae strains isolated, 74.5% were from vegetables, whereas the remaining (25.5%) were from fresh fruits. K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to at least three different classes of antibiotics, with ceftazidime (90%) and cefotaxime (70%) showing the highest resistance rates. While the high occurrence of ESBL-producing and biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae strains were detected in vegetables (73.5% and 73.7%, respectively), considerable amounts of the same were also found in fresh fruits (26.5% and 26.3%, respectively). The results further showed a statistically significant (P < 0.001) association between biofilm formation and ESBL production in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from fresh fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, the majority (81%) of the ESBL-producing strains harbored the blaCTX-M gene, while a smaller proportion of strains carried the blaTEM gene (30%), blaSHV gene (11%) or blaOXA (8%). This study highlights the potential public health threat posed by K. pneumoniae in fresh fruits and vegetables and emphasizes the need for strict surveillance and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Padumane Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
| | - Sukesh Kumar Bajire
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Shukla Banerjee
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Kavyashree Padumane Shastry
- Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Institute of Arts, Science, Commerce and Management, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Kulur, Mangaluru, 575013, India
| | - Asif Hameed
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
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Mohan MS, Salim SA, Ranganathan S, Parasuraman P, Anju VT, Ampasala DR, Dyavaiah M, Lee JK, Busi S. Attenuation of Las/Rhl quorum sensing regulated virulence and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by Artocarpesin. Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106609. [PMID: 38452830 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance and increased pathogenicity in microorganisms is conferred by the presence of highly synchronized cell density dependent signalling pathway known as quorum sensing (QS). The QS hierarchy is accountable for the secretion of virulence phenotypes, biofilm formation and drug resistance. Hence, targeting the QS phenomenon could be a promising strategy to counteract the bacterial virulence and drug resistance. In the present study, artocarpesin (ACN), a 6-prenylated flavone was investigated for its capability to quench the synthesis of QS regulated virulence factors. From the results, ACN showed significant inhibition of secreted virulence phenotypes such as pyocyanin (80%), rhamnolipid (79%), protease (69%), elastase (84%), alginate (88%) and biofilm formation (88%) in opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Further, microscopic observation of biofilm confirmed a significant reduction in biofilm matrix when P. aeruginosa PAO1 was supplemented with ACN at its sub-MIC concentration. Quantitative gene expression studies showed the promising aspects of ACN in down regulation of several QS regulatory genes associated with production of virulence phenotypes. Upon treatment with sub-MIC of ACN, the bacterial colonization in the gut of Caenorhabditis elegans was potentially reduced and the survival rate was greatly improved. The promising QS inhibition activities were further validated through in silico studies, which put an insight into the mechanism of QS inhibition. Thus, ACN could be considered as possible drug candidate targeting chronic microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima S Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Simi Asma Salim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Sampathkumar Ranganathan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - V T Anju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Dinakara Rao Ampasala
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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Bajire SK, Shastry RP. Synergistic effects of COVID-19 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a polymicrobial perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:591-601. [PMID: 37129767 PMCID: PMC10152025 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the connection between the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a multifaceted respiratory illness that is typically observed in individuals with chronic exposure to chemical irritants or severe lung damage caused by various pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex, involving a variety of genotypes and phenotypic characteristics that result in severe co-infections and a poor prognosis if not properly managed. We focus on the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe COPD exacerbations in connection to P. aeruginosa infection, covering pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. This review also includes a thorough structural overview of COPD and recent developments in understanding its complicated and chronic nature. While COVID-19 is clearly linked to emphysema and chronic bronchitis at different stages of the disease, our understanding of the precise interaction between microbial infections during COPD, particularly with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs, remains inadequate. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the host-pathogen relationship from the clinician's perspective in order to effectively manage COPD. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject matter to assist clinicians in their efforts to improve the treatment and management of COPD, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukesh Kumar Bajire
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Shastry RP, Abhinand CS. Targeting the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing system to inhibit virulence factors and eradicate biofilm formation using AHL-analogue phytochemicals. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1956-1965. [PMID: 37097921 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2202270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing plays a major role in the expression of virulence and development of biofilm in the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Natural compounds are well-known for their antibacterial characteristics by blocking various metabolic pathways. The goal of this study is to find natural compounds that mimic AHL (Acyl homoserine lactone) and suppress virulence in P. aeruginosa, which is triggered by quorum sensing-dependent pathways as an alternative drug development strategy. To support this rationale, functional network analysis and in silico investigations were carried out to find natural AHL analogues, followed by molecular docking studies. Out of the 16 top-hit AHL analogues derived from phytochemicals, seven ligands were found to bind to the quorum sensing activator proteins. Cassialactone, an AHL analogue, exhibited the highest binding affinity for RhlI, RhlR, and PqsE of P. aeruginosa, with a docking score of -9.4, -8.9, and -8.7 kcal/mol, respectively. 2(5H)-Furanone, a well-known inhibitor, was also docked to compare the docking score and intermolecular interactions between the ligand and the target protein. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations were performed to determine the stability of the docked complexes. Additionally, the ADME properties of the analogues were also analyzed to evaluate the pharmacological parameters. Functional network analysis further showed that the interconnectedness of proteins such as RhlI, RhlR, LasI, and PqsE with the virulence and biofilm phenotype of the pathogen could offer potential as a therapeutic target.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandran S Abhinand
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Chadha J, Khullar L, Gulati P, Chhibber S, Harjai K. Repurposing albendazole as a potent inhibitor of quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Novel prospects of a classical drug. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106468. [PMID: 38036112 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a critical superbug that poses a serious threat to public health. Owing to its virulence and multidrug resistance profiles, the pathogen demands immediate attention for devising alternate intervention strategies. In an attempt to repurpose drugs against P. aeruginosa, this preclinical study was aimed at investigating the antivirulence prospects of albendazole (AbZ), an FDA-approved anti-helminthic drug, recently predicted to disrupt quorum sensing (QS) in Chromobacterium violaceum. AbZ was scrutinized for its quorum quenching (QQ) prospects, effect on bacterial virulence, different motility phenotypes, and biofilm formation in vitro. Additionally, in silico analysis was employed to predict the molecular interactions between AbZ and QS receptors. At sub-inhibitory levels, AbZ demonstrated anti-QS activity and significantly abrogated AHL biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, AbZ significantly downregulated the transcript levels of QS- (lasI/lasR, rhlI/rhlR, and pqsA/pqsR) and QS-dependent virulence (aprA, lasA, lasB, plcH, and toxA) genes in P. aeruginosa. This coincided with reduced hemolysin, alginate, pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, total protease, and elastase production, thereby lowering phenotypic virulence. Molecular docking with AbZ further revealed strong associations and high binding energies with LasR (-8.8 kcal/mol), RhlR (-6.5 kcal/mol), and PqsR (-6.3 kcal/mol) receptors. AbZ also impeded bacterial motility and abolished EPS production, severely compromising pseudomonal biofilm formation. For the first time, AbZ was shown to interfere with QS circuitry and consequently disarming pseudomonal virulence. Hence, AbZ can be exploited for its antivirulence properties against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lavanya Khullar
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pallavi Gulati
- RLA College, University of Delhi (South Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Papa R, Imperlini E, Trecca M, Paris I, Vrenna G, Artini M, Selan L. Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis: Relationships between Normoxia and Anoxia Lifestyle. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 38275311 PMCID: PMC10812786 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are colonized by many pathogens and the most common is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an environmental pathogen that is able to infect immunocompromised patients thanks to its ability to develop resistance to conventional antibiotics. Over 12% of all patients colonized by P. aeruginosa harbour multi-drug resistant species. During airway infection in CF, P. aeruginosa adopts various mechanisms to survive in a hostile ecological niche characterized by low oxygen concentration, nutrient limitation and high osmotic pressure. To this end, P. aeruginosa uses a variety of virulence factors including pigment production, biofilm formation, motility and the secretion of toxins and proteases. This study represents the first report that systematically analyzes the differences in virulence features, in normoxia and anoxia, of clinical P. aeruginosa isolated from CF patients, characterized by multi- or pan-drug antibiotic resistance compared to antibiotic sensitive strains. The virulence features, such as biofilm formation, protease secretion and motility, are highly diversified in anaerobiosis, which reflects the condition of chronic CF infection. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the real-world lifestyle of pathogens isolated during disease progression in each particular patient and to assist in the design of therapeutic protocols for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Esther Imperlini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Marika Trecca
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Irene Paris
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Gianluca Vrenna
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Children’s Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
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Gao M, Peng Y, Shen Y, Tan F. Study of the biofilm mechanism of C4-HSL and C6-HSL in the degradation of quinoline. J Biotechnol 2023; 376:53-63. [PMID: 37813281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline is a hard-to-degrade organic compound widely found in coal chemical wastewater, that seriously affects the ecological environment and human health. A number of biochemical methods are already available for quinoline degradation, but the use of microbial community sensing for quinoline degradation has not been studied in depth. Therefore, this paper focuses on the enhanced mechanism of quorum-sensing signaling molecules in the biofilm formation process during quinoline degradation by functional strains of bacteria. In this paper, the effects of the signal molecules C4-HSL and C6-HSL on the adhesion ability, colony diameter, biofilm formation ability and biofilm morphology of functional strains of quinoline degrading bacteria (Ochrobactrum sp., LC-1) were investigated, and the results showed that both signal molecules promoted the biofilm formation process during the degradation of quinoline by exhibiting an efficient biofortification effect. Both signal molecules could enhance the colony diameter of strain LC-1, where C4-HSL could enhance the biomass of strain LC-1 and stimulate the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides; and C6-HSL could induce the enhancement of adhesion performance and the secretion of extracellular proteins from strain LC-1; both molecules together enhanced the biofilm formation process of strain LC-1. This study has practical application in the degradation of quinoline in coal chemical wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, PR China.
| | - Yao Peng
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, PR China
| | - Yuan Shen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, PR China
| | - Feiyang Tan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, PR China
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Vetrivel A, Vetrivel P, Dhandapani K, Natchimuthu S, Ramasamy M, Madheswaran S, Murugesan R. Inhibition of biofilm formation, quorum sensing and virulence factor production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by selected LasR inhibitors. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:851-868. [PMID: 36806045 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The quorum sensing network of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediates the regulation of genes controlling biofilm formation and virulence factors. The rise of drug resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections has made quorum sensing-regulated biofilm formation in clinical settings a major issue. In the present study, LasR inhibitors identified in our previous study were evaluated for their antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activities against P. aeruginosa PAO1. The compounds selected were (3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-1-(2-fluorophenyl)urea) (C1), (3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[(3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)methylsulfanyl]quinazolin-4-one) (C2) and (2-({4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}sulfanyl)-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)acetamide) (C3). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of C1 and C2 were 1000 μM, whereas that of C3 was 500 μM. At sub-MICs, the compounds showed potent antibiofilm activity without affecting the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Electron microscopy confirmed the disruption of biofilm by the selected compounds. The antiquorum sensing activity of the compounds was revealed by the inhibition of violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and the inhibition of swimming and swarming motilities in P. aeruginosa PAO1. Furthermore, the compounds also attenuated the production of quorum sensing-mediated virulence factors. The qRT-PCR revealed the downregulation of quorum sensing regulatory genes, namely lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR, lasB, pqsA and pqsR. The selected compounds also exhibited lower cytotoxicity against peripheral blood lymphocytes. Thus, this study could pave a way to explore these compounds for the development of therapeutic agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Vetrivel
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Kavitha Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhi Natchimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Monica Ramasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soundariya Madheswaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeswari Murugesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Pal P, Shastry RP. Exploring the complex role of gut microbiome in the development of precision medicine strategies for targeting microbial imbalance-induced colon cancer. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:691-701. [PMID: 37624549 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been increasingly recognized as a key player in the development and progression of colon cancer. Alterations in the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can lead to a variety of medical issues. Microbial adaptation through signals and small molecules can enhance pathogen colonization and modulate host immunity, significantly impacting disease progression. Quorum sensing peptides and molecules have been linked to the progression of colon cancer. Various interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics, have been used to reverse dysbiosis with mixed results and potential side effects. Thus, a personalized approach to treatment selection based on patient characteristics, such as individual gut microbiota manipulation, is necessary to prevent and treat diseases like colon cancer. With advances in metagenomic sequencing and other omics technologies, there has been a growing interest in developing precision medicine strategies for microbial imbalance-induced colon cancer. This review serves as a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on the gut microbiome involvement in colon cancer. By exploring the potential of utilizing the gut microbiome as a target for precision medicine, this review underscores the exciting opportunities that lie ahead. Although challenges exist, the integration of microbiome data into precision medicine approaches has the potential to revolutionize the management of colon cancer, providing patients with more personalized and effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pal
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Yenepoya Research Centre, University Road, Mangaluru-575018, India
| | - Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Yenepoya Research Centre, University Road, Mangaluru-575018, India.
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12
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Chadha J, Khullar L, Gulati P, Chhibber S, Harjai K. Anti-virulence prospects of Metformin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A new dimension to a multifaceted drug. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106281. [PMID: 37541553 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Metformin (MeT) is an FDA-approved drug with a myriad of health benefits. Besides being used as an anti-diabetic drug, MeT is also effective against various cancers, liver-, cardiovascular-, and renal diseases. This study was undertaken to examine its unique potential as an anti-virulence drug against an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to the menace of multidrug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms, many novel or repurposed drugs with anti-virulence prospects are emerging as next-generation therapies with the aim to overshadow the application of existing antimicrobial regimens. The quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms of P. aeruginosa are an attractive drug target for attenuating bacterial virulence. In this context, the anti-QS potential of MeT was scrutinized using biosensor assays. MeT was comprehensively evaluated for its effects on different motility phenotypes, virulence factor production (phenotypic and genotypic expression) along with biofilm development in P. aeruginosa in vitro. At sub-lethal concentrations, MeT displayed prolific quorum quenching (QQ) ability and remarkably inhibited AHL biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, MeT (1/8 MIC) effectively downregulated the expression levels of various QS- and virulence genes in P. aeruginosa, which coincided with a notable reduction in the levels of alginate, hemolysin, pyocyanin, pyochelin, elastase, and protease production. In silico analysis through molecular docking also predicted strong associations between MeT and QS receptors of P. aeruginosa. MeT also compromised the motility phenotypes and successfully abrogated biofilm formation by inhibiting EPS production in P. aeruginosa. Hence, MeT may be repurposed as an anti-virulence drug against P. aeruginosa in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lavanya Khullar
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pallavi Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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13
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Banerjee S, Bajire SK, Mithun HK, Shastry RP. 3-(Bromoacetyl) coumarin is a potential therapeutic agent against neonatal sepsis-associated Pseudomonas extremorientalis. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:312. [PMID: 37603073 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is a severe bacterial infection that can lead to life-threatening complications in newborns. Pseudomonas extremorientalis is a Gram-negative bacterium and these Gram-negative organisms have been identified as a major cause of neonatal sepsis. The virulence factors produced by this bacterium play a crucial role in its pathogenicity. Therefore, targeting these virulence factors could be a potential strategy to treat neonatal sepsis caused by P. extremorientalis. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 3-(bromoacetyl) coumarin (3-BC) in reducing the virulence factors of P. extremorientalis strains isolated from neonatal sepsis. Our results showed that 3-BC effectively reduced the production of various virulence factors, including protease, elastase, siderophore, and exopolysaccharide in these strains. Furthermore, at a concentration of 125 µg/ml, 3-BC also inhibited the biofilm formation ability of these strains in combination with ciprofloxacin. It was discovered that 3-BC was functionally effective in protecting C. elegans against bacterial infection. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo outcomes were strongly correlated with docking studies of various activator proteins. Overall, our findings suggest that 3-BC could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neonatal sepsis caused by P. extremorientalis. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of action of 3-BC and its potential use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukla Banerjee
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Sukesh Kumar Bajire
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - H K Mithun
- Department of Pediatrics, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
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14
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Bajire SK, Prabhu A, Bhandary YP, Irfan KM, Shastry RP. 7-Ethoxycoumarin rescued Caenorhabditis elegans from infection of COPD derived clinical isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa through virulence and biofilm inhibition via targeting Rhl and Pqs quorum sensing systems. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:208. [PMID: 37231227 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ambidextrous Gram-negative contagium with density convoluted network defined quorum sensing, which enables the persistent survival within the host environment, contributing to various lung related diseases including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It is clear that P. aeruginosa is a powerful, exquisite pathogen that has adopted a variety of virulence properties through quorum sensing (QS) regulated phenomenon and that it dominates both in the development and exacerbations of COPD. Interestingly, 7-Ethoxycoumarin (7-EC), a compound that adequately mimics QS signaling molecule of P. aeruginosa, was introduced as part of the process of developing novel ways to treat the severe exacerbations. The results showed that, introduction of 7-EC significantly decreased exopolysaccharide-mediated biofilm development of strains isolated from COPD sputum, as evidenced by SEM analysis. Furthermore, 7-EC was able to modulate a variety of virulence factors and motility without subjecting planktonic cells to any selection pressure. Bacterial invasion assay revealed the potential activity of the 7-EC in preventing the active entry to A549 cells without causing any damage to the cells and found functionally active in protecting the C. elegans from P. aeruginosa infection and being non-toxic to the worms. Docking analysis was further proved that 7-EC to be the potential anti-QS compound competing specifically with Rhl and Pqs Systems. Therefore, 7-EC in the utilisation against the P. aeruginosa based infections, may open an avenue for the futuristic mechanistic study in chronic respiratory diseases and a initiator for the development of non-antibiotic based antibacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukesh Kumar Bajire
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Yashodhar P Bhandary
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - K M Irfan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
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Bajire SK, Ghate SD, Shetty S, Banerjee S, Rao RSP, Shetty V, Shastry RP. Unveiling the role of hub proteins in controlling quorum sensing regulated virulence through analogues in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1: A functional protein-protein network biology approach. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 660:13-20. [PMID: 37058843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of specific genes identified for biofilm production and virulence/secretion system mediated by quorum sensing. The PPI depicted 13 hub proteins (namely rhlR, lasR, pscU, vfr, exsA, lasI, gacA, toxA, pilJ, pscC, fleQ, algR, and chpA) out of 160 nodes involving 627 edges. The PPI network analysis based on topographical features depicted pcrD with the highest degree value and vfr gene with the greatest betweenness centrality and closeness centrality (BC and CC) values. Based on in silico results, curcumin used as an Acyl homo-serine lactone (AHL) mimicker in P. aeruginosa, was also found effective in suppressing the quorum sensing regulated virulence factors such as elastase and pyocyanin. Based on in vitro experiment, curcumin suppressed biofilm formation at 62 μg/ml concentration. Host-pathogen interaction experiment showed that curcumin was also proved to be efficient in saving C. elegans from paralysis and killing effects of P. aeruginosa PAO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukesh Kumar Bajire
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Sudeep D Ghate
- Center for Bioinformatics, NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Mangaluru, 575018, India; Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Shriya Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Mangaluru, 575018, India; Department of Microbiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Shukla Banerjee
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - R Shyama Prasad Rao
- Center for Bioinformatics, NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Mangaluru, 575018, India; Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Veena Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Mangaluru, 575018, India; Department of Microbiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
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Chadha J, Ravi, Singh J, Harjai K. α-Terpineol synergizes with gentamicin to rescue Caenorhabditis elegans from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by attenuating quorum sensing-regulated virulence. Life Sci 2023; 313:121267. [PMID: 36481167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study scrutinized α-Terpineol (α-T) for its anti-virulence and anti-fouling potential against P. aeruginosa PAO1 in conjunction with gentamicin (GeN) using in-vitro, in-silico, and in-vivo approaches. MAIN METHODS The quorum quenching (QQ) potential of the drug combination was studied using a quorum sensing (QS) biosensor strain and tested for synergy using chequerboard and time-kill kinetics assays. The effect of α-T and GeN on bacterial motility, QS-regulated virulence factor production, and biofilm formation was assessed in P. aeruginosa PAO1 along with molecular docking analysis. The protective effects of α-T-GeN combination were also examined in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model through slow-killing (SK) assays. KEY FINDINGS The drug combination displayed synergy, enhanced QQ activity, and suppressed AHL production in PAO1. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, the drug combination suppressed the expression of genes regulating QS and pseudomonal virulence, thereby inhibiting the production of virulence factors in PAO1. The drug combination compromised all forms of pseudomonal motility, strongly inhibited biofilm formation, and successfully eradicated preformed biofilms. Based on these findings, it is concluded that GeN (alone) does not harbor any QQ properties, but enhances the QQ potential of α-T. Moreover, combinational treatment protected C. elegans from pseudomonal infection and improved survival rates by 73 % at 96 h. SIGNIFICANCE For the first time, the molecular mechanism responsible for the anti-QS activity of α-T was unraveled through a comprehensive investigation, thereby asserting its potential as an anti-virulent drug against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jogender Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Correlation between Perturbation of Redox Homeostasis and Antibiofilm Capacity of Phytochemicals at Non-Lethal Concentrations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122451. [PMID: 36552659 PMCID: PMC9774353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the multicellular lifestyle of microorganisms and are present on potentially every type of biotic or abiotic surface. Detrimental biofilms are generally targeted with antimicrobial compounds. Phytochemicals at sub-lethal concentrations seem to be an exciting alternative strategy to control biofilms, as they are less likely to impose selective pressure leading to resistance. This overview gathers the literature on individual phytocompounds rather than on extracts of which the use is difficult to reproduce. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to target only individual phytochemicals below inhibitory concentrations against biofilm formation. We explored whether there is an overall mechanism that can explain the effects of individual phytochemicals at sub-lethal concentrations. Interestingly, in all experiments reported here in which oxidative stress was investigated, a modest increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species was reported in treated cells compared to untreated specimens. At sub-lethal concentrations, polyphenolic substances likely act as pro-oxidants by disturbing the healthy redox cycle and causing an accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
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Ramesh P, Bajire SK, Kanichery A, Najar MA, Shastry RP, Prasad TSK. 6-Methylcoumarin rescues bacterial quorum sensing induced ribosome-inactivating stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105833. [PMID: 36265737 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial pathogenicity has for long posed severe effects on patient care. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections and nosocomial illnesses. It is known to infect the host by colonizing through quorum sensing and the production of exotoxins. METHODS The current effort is an analysis of proteomic alterations caused by P. aeruginosa PAO1 to study the effects of quorum sensing inhibitor 6-Methylcoumarin on PAO1 infectivity in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. RESULTS Through tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approaches, 229 proteins were found to be differentially regulated in infection and upon inhibition. Among these, 34 proteins were found to be dysregulated in both infection and quorum-sensing inhibition conditions. Along with the dysregulation of proteins involved in host-pathogen interaction, PAO1 was found to induce ribosome-inactivating stress accompanied by the downregulating mitochondrial proteins. This in turn caused dysregulation of apoptosis. The expression of multiple proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis and structure, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial enzymes were altered due to infection. This mechanism, adapted by PAO1 to survive in the host, was inhibited by 6-Methylcoumarin by rescuing the downregulation of ribosomal and mitochondrial proteins. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data reflect the molecular alterations due to quorum sensing and the usefulness of inhibitors in controlling pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Ramesh
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Sukesh Kumar Bajire
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Anagha Kanichery
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Mohd Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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The Molecular Architecture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080488. [PMID: 36005489 PMCID: PMC9409833 DOI: 10.3390/md20080488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival selection pressure caused by antibiotic-mediated bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity is one of the important inducements for bacteria to develop drug resistance. Bacteria gain drug resistance through spontaneous mutation so as to achieve the goals of survival and reproduction. Quorum sensing (QS) is an intercellular communication system based on cell density that can regulate bacterial virulence and biofilm formation. The secretion of more than 30 virulence factors of P. aeruginosa is controlled by QS, and the formation and diffusion of biofilm is an important mechanism causing the multidrug resistance of P. aeruginosa, which is also closely related to the QS system. There are three main QS systems in P. aeruginosa: las system, rhl system, and pqs system. Quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs) can reduce the toxicity of bacteria without affecting the growth and enhance the sensitivity of bacterial biofilms to antibiotic treatment. These characteristics make QSIs a popular topic for research and development in the field of anti-infection. This paper reviews the research progress of the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing system and QSIs, targeting three QS systems, which will provide help for the future research and development of novel quorum-sensing inhibitors.
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Chadha J, Ravi, Singh J, Chhibber S, Harjai K. Gentamicin Augments the Quorum Quenching Potential of Cinnamaldehyde In Vitro and Protects Caenorhabditis elegans From Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899566. [PMID: 35782125 PMCID: PMC9240785 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The quorum sensing (QS) circuitry of Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents an attractive target to attenuate bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance. In this context, phytochemicals harboring anti-virulent properties have emerged as an alternative medicine to combat pseudomonal infections. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic effects and quorum quenching (QQ) potential of cinnamaldehyde (CiNN) in combination with gentamicin (GeN) against P. aeruginosa. The QQ activity of this novel combination was evaluated using a QS reporter strain and synergism was studied using chequerboard assays. Further, the genotypic and phenotypic expression of pseudomonal virulence factors was examined alongside biofilm formation. The combination of CiNN and GeN exhibited synergy and promising anti-QS activity. This drug combination was shown to suppress AHL production and downregulate the expression of critical QS genes in P. aeruginosa PAO1. Molecular docking revealed strong interactions between the QS receptors and CiNN, asserting its QQ potential. Bacterial motility was compromised along with a significant reduction in pyocyanin (72.3%), alginate (58.7%), rhamnolipid (33.6%), hemolysin (82.6%), protease (70.9%), and elastase (63.9%) production. The drug combination successfully eradicated preformed biofilms and inhibited biofilm formation by abrogating EPS production. Our findings suggest that although GeN alone could not attenuate QS, but was able to augment the anti-QS potential of CiNN. To validate our results using an infection model, we quantified the survival rates of Caenorhabditis elegans following PAO1 challenge. The combination significantly rescued C. elegans from PAO1 infection and improved its survival rate by 54% at 96 h. In summary, this study is the first to elucidate the mechanism behind the QQ prospects of CiNN (augmented in presence of GeN) by abrogating AHL production and increasing the survival rate of C. elegans, thereby highlighting its anti-virulent properties.
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