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Sahoo A, Das PK, Dasu VV, Patra S. Insulin evolution: A holistic view of recombinant production advancements. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133951. [PMID: 39032893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of diabetes and the growing popularity of non-invasive methods of recombinant human insulin uptake, such as oral insulin, have increased insulin demand, further limiting the affordability of insulin. Over 40 years have passed since the development of engineered microorganisms that replaced the animal pancreas as the primary source of insulin. To stay ahead of the need for insulin in the present and the future, a few drawbacks with the existing expression systems need to be alleviated, including the inclusion body formation, the use of toxic inducers, and high process costs. To address these bottlenecks and improve insulin production, a variety of techniques are being used in bacteria, yeasts, transgenic plants and animals, mammalian cell lines, and cell-free expression systems. Different approaches for the production of insulin, including two-chain, proinsulin or mini-proinsulin, preproinsulin coupled with fusion protein, chaperone, signal peptide, and purification tags, are explored in upstream, whereas downstream processing takes into account the recovery of intact protein in its bioactive form and purity. This article focuses on the strategies used in the upstream and downstream phases of the bioprocess to produce recombinant human insulin. This review also covers a range of analytical methods and tools employed in investigating the genuity of recombinant human insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuman Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Das
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Veeranki Venkata Dasu
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Sanjukta Patra
- Enzyme & Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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Sahoo A, Das PK, Veeranki VD, Patra S. Production of recombinant human insulin from a promising Pseudomonas fluorescens cell factory and its kinetic modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135742. [PMID: 39293616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Insulin intake is recommended for diabetics in addition to a proper diet and lifestyle to maintain adequate blood glucose level. Currently, there is a need for an alternative expression system for insulin production as the current expression systems may not meet the growing demand due to various constraints. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of human insulin in an unconventional expression system based on Pseudomonas fluorescens, a BSL 1 bacterium. Human insulin was produced in the form of proinsulin fused with fusion protein. Then, the proinsulin fusion protein was purified using Ni-NTA chromatography and converted into human insulin. The physicochemical parameters for producing proinsulin fusion protein are optimized. Glucose and ammonium chloride are determined to be suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The validity of insulin and proinsulin fusion protein is assessed using western blot and quantified using ELISA techniques. Up to 145.35 mg/l of the proinsulin fusion protein is achieved at the shake flask level. Further, MALDI-TOF and RP-HPLC analysis of the purified human insulin were observed to be close to the theoretical value and insulin standard, respectively. The expression of the recombinant fusion protein was found to be 214.7 mg/l in a batch bioreactor, a ∼48% enhancement over the shake flask level. Further, kinetic modeling was performed to understand the system regarding growth, substrate utilization and product formation, and to estimate the various kinetic parameters. This study establishes the potential of the P. fluorescens expression system for producing human insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuman Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Das
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Venkata Dasu Veeranki
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Sanjukta Patra
- Enzyme & Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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Panda C, Kumar S, Gupta S, Pandey LM. Insulin fibrillation under physicochemical parameters of bioprocessing and intervention by peptides and surface-active agents. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39142855 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2387167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Even after the centenary celebration of insulin discovery, there prevail challenges concerning insulin aggregation, not only after repeated administration but also during industrial production, storage, transport, and delivery, significantly impacting protein quality, efficacy, and effectiveness. The aggregation reduces insulin bioavailability, increasing the risk of heightened immunogenicity, posing a threat to patient health, and creating a dent in the golden success story of insulin therapy. Insulin experiences various physicochemical and mechanical stresses due to modulations in pH, temperature, ionic strength, agitation, shear, and surface chemistry, during the upstream and downstream bioprocessing, resulting in insulin unfolding and subsequent fibrillation. This has fueled research in the pharmaceutical industry and academia to unveil the mechanistic insights of insulin aggregation in an attempt to devise rational strategies to regulate this unwanted phenomenon. The present review briefly describes the impacts of environmental factors of bioprocessing on the stability of insulin and correlates with various intermolecular interactions, particularly hydrophobic and electrostatic forces. The aggregation-prone regions of insulin are identified and interrelated with biophysical changes during stress conditions. The quest for novel additives, surface-active agents, and bioderived peptides in decelerating insulin aggregation, which results in overall structural stability, is described. We hope this review will help tackle the real-world challenges of insulin aggregation encountered during bioprocessing, ensuring safer, stable, and globally accessible insulin for efficient management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Panda
- Bio-interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Viral Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Neurodegeneration and Peptide Engineering Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Lalit M Pandey
- Bio-interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Li X, Li R, Niu Y, Du M, Yang H, Liu D. Mitigating abortion risk of synthetic musk-contained body wash in pregnant women: Risk assessment and mechanism analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122672. [PMID: 37797926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musks (SMs), the widely used odor component in personal care products have attracted attention due to their environmental impacts, especially the abortion risks. Given that women comprise a significant consumer demographic for personal care products, it is imperative to promptly initiate research on avoidance strategies for pregnant women concerning their exposure to synthetic chemicals (SMs). This study tried to establish novel theoretical approaches to eliminate the abortion risks of SM-contained body wash by designing the SM-contained proportioning scheme and analyzing the abortion risk mechanisms. The binding energy of SMs to estrogen-progesterone protein complex was used as an indicator of the abortion risk. A total of 324 SM-contained body wash proportioning schemes were designed using full factorial design and No. 218 was found as the most effective formula for body wash proportioning with the binding energy value of 68.6 kJ/mol. Results showed the abortion risk could be effectively alleviated (reduced 0.6%-163.4%) by regulating the proportioning scheme of SM-contained body wash. In addition, the mechanism analysis of SM-contained proportioning scheme proportioning scheme found that xanthan gum and disodium EDTA played essential roles in reducing the abortion risk in pregnant women after exposure. The selection of proper body wash components for reducing the abortion risk of SMs on pregnant women was first proposed. It sheds lights on the potential risks of people's daily life and proposes risk-eliminating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Meijin Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Li X, He W, Zhao Y, Chen B, Zhu Z, Kang Q, Zhang B. Dermal exposure to synthetic musks: Human health risk assessment, mechanism, and control strategy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113463. [PMID: 35367890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musks (SMs) have been widely used as odor additives in personal care products (PCPs). Dermal exposure to SMs is the main pathway of the accumulation of these chemicals in human kerateins and poses potential health risks. In this study, in silico methods were established to reduce the human health risk of SMs from dermal exposure by investigating the risk mechanisms, designing lower bioaccumulation ability SMs and suggesting proper PCP ingredients using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. The binding energy, a parameter reflecting the binding ability of SMs and human keratin protein (4ZRY), was used as the indicator to assess the human health risk of SMs. According to the mechanism analysis, total energy was found as the most influential molecular structural feature influencing the bioaccumulation ability of a SM, and as one of the main factors influencing the function (i.e., odor sensitivity) of an SM. The 3D-QSAR models were constructed to control the human health risk of SMs by designing lower-risk SMs derivatives. The phantolide (PHAN)- 58 was determined to be the optimum SM derivative with lower bioaccumulation ability (reduced 17.25%) and improved odor sensitivity (increased 7.91%). A further reduction of bioaccumulation ability of PHAN-58 was found when adding proper body wash ingredients (i.e., alkyl ethoxylate sulfate (AES), dimethyloldimethyl (DMDM), EDTA-Na4, ethylene glycol distearate (EGDS), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), lemon yellow and octyl glucose), leading to a significant reduction of the bioaccumulation ability (42.27%) compared with that of PHAN. Results demonstrated that the proposed theoretical mechanism and control strategies could effectively reduce the human health risk of SMs from dermal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada.
| | - Wei He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada.
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada.
| | - Qiao Kang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada.
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