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Yin Y, Wang X, Zhang P, Wang P, Wen J. Strategies for improving fengycin production: a review. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:144. [PMID: 38773450 PMCID: PMC11110267 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fengycin is an important member of the lipopeptide family with a wide range of applications in the agricultural, food, medical and cosmetic industries. However, its commercial application is severely hindered by low productivity and high cost. Therefore, numerous studies have been devoted to improving the production of fengycin. We summarize these studies in this review with the aim of providing a reference and guidance for future researchers. This review begins with an overview of the synthesis mechanism of fengycin via the non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), and then delves into the strategies for improving the fengycin production in recent years. These strategies mainly include fermentation optimization and metabolic engineering, and the metabolic engineering encompasses enhancement of precursor supply, application of regulatory factors, promoter engineering, and application of genome-engineering (genome shuffling and genome-scale metabolic network model). Finally, we conclude this review with a prospect of fengycin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Coll Biol & Pharmaceut Sci, China Three Gorges Univ, Yichang, 443002, P. R. China
| | - Pengsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Imaging Precision Medical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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Yin Y, Wang P, Wang X, Wen J. Construction of Bacillus subtilis for efficient production of fengycin from xylose through CRISPR-Cas9. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1342199. [PMID: 38249479 PMCID: PMC10797001 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1342199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fengycin is a multifunctional peptide antibiotic produced mainly by Bacillus species and the purpose of this research was to construct a Bacillus subtilis strain that can produce fengycin with the xylose as the substrate with CRSIPR-Cas9. Hence, at the beginning of this study, functional sfp and degQ were expressed in B. subtilis 168 strain to give the strain the ability to produce the fengycin with the titer of 71.21 mg/L. Subsequently, the native promoter PppsA of the cluster responsible for the fengycin synthesis was replaced by the Pveg promoter, resulting in a further 5.22-fold increase in fengycin titer. To confer xylose utilization capacity to B. subtilis, deletion of araR and constitutive overexpression of araE were performed, and the xylose consumption rate of the engineered strain BSUY06 reached 0.29 g/L/h, which is about 6.25-fold higher than that of the parent strain BSUY04-1. In the final phase of this study, the fermentation characteristics were observed and the initial xylose concentration was optimized. In this study, 40 g/L xylose was proved to be the most suitable initial concentration for growth and fengycin fermentation, which leading to a fengycin titer of 430.86 mg/L. This study demonstrated that lignocellulose, the clean and sustainable substrate with xylose as the second largest sugar, is a potential substrate for the production of fengycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Ming Y, Li G, Shi Z, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Gao G, Ma T, Wu M. Co-utilization of glucose and xylose for the production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Sphingomonas sanxanigenens NX02. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:162. [PMID: 37635215 PMCID: PMC10463938 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), produced by a variety of microbial organisms, is a good substitute for petrochemically derived plastics due to its excellent properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. The high cost of PHB production is a huge barrier for application and popularization of such bioplastics. Thus, the reduction of the cost is of great interest. Using low-cost substrates for PHB production is an efficient and feasible means to reduce manufacturing costs, and the construction of microbial cell factories is also a potential way to reduce the cost. RESULTS In this study, an engineered Sphingomonas sanxanigenens strain to produce PHB by blocking the biosynthetic pathway of exopolysaccharide was constructed, and the resulting strain was named NXdE. NXdE could produce 9.24 ± 0.11 g/L PHB with a content of 84.0% cell dry weight (CDW) using glucose as a sole carbon source, which was significantly increased by 76.3% compared with the original strain NX02. Subsequently, the PHB yield of NXdE under the co-substrate with different proportions of glucose and xylose was also investigated, and results showed that the addition of xylose would reduce the PHB production. Hence, the Dahms pathway, which directly converted D-xylose into pyruvate in four sequential enzymatic steps, was enhanced by overexpressing the genes xylB, xylC, and kdpgA encoding xylose dehydrogenase, gluconolactonase, and aldolase in different combinations. The final strain NX02 (ΔssB, pBTxylBxylCkdpgA) (named NXdE II) could successfully co-utilize glucose and xylose from corn straw total hydrolysate (CSTH) to produce 21.49 ± 0.67 g/L PHB with a content of 91.2% CDW, representing a 4.10-fold increase compared to the original strain NX02. CONCLUSION The engineered strain NXdE II could co-utilize glucose and xylose from corn straw hydrolysate, and had a significant increase not only in cell growth but also in PHB yield and content. This work provided a new host strain and strategy for utilization of lignocellulosic biomass such as corn straw to produce intracellular products like PHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ming
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China.
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Gao GR, Wei SY, Ding MZ, Hou ZJ, Wang DJ, Xu QM, Cheng JS, Yuan YJ. Enhancing fengycin production in the co-culture of Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum by engineering proline transporter. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129229. [PMID: 37244302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fengycin possesses antifungal activity but has limited application due to its low yields. Amino acid precursors play a crucial role in fengycin synthesis. Herein, the overexpression of alanine, isoleucine, and threonine transporter-related genes in Bacillus subtilis increased fengycin production by 34.06%, 46.66%, and 7.83%, respectively. Particularly, fengycin production in B. subtilis reached 871.86 mg/L with the addition of 8.0 g/L exogenous proline after enhancing the expression of the proline transport-related gene opuE. To overcome the metabolic burden caused by excessive enhancement of gene expression for supplying precursors, B. subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum which produced proline, were co-cultured, which further improved fengycin production. Fengycin production in the co-culture of B. subtilis and C. glutamicum in shake flasks reached 1554.74 mg/L after optimizing the inoculation time and ratio. The fengycin level in the fed-batch co-culture was 2309.96 mg/L in a 5.0-L bioreactor. These findings provide a new strategy for improving fengycin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Rong Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Si-Yu Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Zheng-Jie Hou
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Dun-Ju Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Qiu-Man Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Binshuixi Road 393, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jing-Sheng Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
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Wang S, Wang R, Zhao X, Ma G, Liu N, Zheng Y, Tan J, Qi G. Systemically engineering Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for increasing its antifungal activity and green antifungal lipopeptides production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:961535. [PMID: 36159666 PMCID: PMC9490133 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.961535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of antifungal lipopeptides iturin and fengycin has attracted broad interest; however, there is a bottleneck in its low yield in wild strains. Because the key metabolic mechanisms in the lipopeptides synthesis pathway remain unclear, genetic engineering approaches are all ending up with a single or a few gene modifications. The aim of this study is to develop a systematic engineering approach to improve the antifungal activity and biosynthesis of iturin and fengycin in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. First, blocking the carbon overflow metabolic pathway to increase precursor supply of the branched-chain amino acids by knockout of bdh, disrupting sporulation to extend the stage for producing antifungal lipopeptides by deletion of kinA, blocking of siderophore synthesis to enhance the availability of amino acids and fatty acids by deletion of dhbF, and increasing Spo0A∼P by deletion of rapA, could improve the antifungal activity by 24%, 10%, 13% and 18%, respectively. Second, the double knockout strain ΔbdhΔkinA, triple knockout strain ΔbdhΔkinAΔdhbF and quadruple knockout strain ΔkinAΔbdhΔdhbFΔrapA could improve the antifungal activity by 38%, 44% and 53%, respectively. Finally, overexpression of sfp in ΔkinAΔbdhΔdhbFΔrapA further increased the antifungal activity by 65%. After purifying iturin and fengycin as standards for quantitative analysis of lipopeptides, we found the iturin titer was 17.0 mg/L in the final engineered strain, which was 3.2-fold of the original strain. After fermentation optimization, the titer of iturin and fengycin reached 31.1 mg/L and 175.3 mg/L in flask, and 123.5 mg/L and 1200.8 mg/L in bioreactor. Compared to the original strain, the iturin and fengycin titer in bioreactor increased by 22.8-fold and 15.9-fold in the final engineered strain, respectively. This study may pave the way for the commercial production of green antifungal lipopeptides, and is also favorable for understanding the regulatory and biosynthetic mechanism of iturin and fengycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheng Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Enshi Tobacco Technology Center, Enshi City, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaoqiang Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqing Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Enshi Tobacco Technology Center, Enshi City, Hubei, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Gaofu Qi,
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Alajlani MM. Characterization of subtilosin gene in wild type Bacillus spp. and possible physiological role. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10521. [PMID: 35732659 PMCID: PMC9217942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a designed study to screen for antimicrobial exhibiting bacteria using molecular aspects, Bacillus species were considered to investigate antibiotic biosynthesis genes. 28 bacterial strains and 3 induced mutants were screened for the presence of subtilosin gene (sbo) and subtilosin through PCR and Mass spectrometry respectively. Sbo gene was detected in 16 out of 28 Bacillus strains. The results from gene sequences deliberated by multiple sequence alignments revealed high-level homology to the sequences of the sbo-alb gene locus of B. subtilis 168 and the other limited reported strains. Hence, this report provided additional strains to support the idea of subtilosin gene predominance amongst Bacillus strains isolated from environment and to find different species containing homologous genes, furthermore the utilization of its conserved region as a means of identifying Bacillus spp. that produce subtilosin. This is the first report to confirm the detection of subtilosin production from B. amyloliquefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaaz Mutaz Alajlani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Alajlani MM. Characterization of subtilosin gene in wild type Bacillus spp. and possible physiological role. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10521. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn a designed study to screen for antimicrobial exhibiting bacteria using molecular aspects, Bacillus species were considered to investigate antibiotic biosynthesis genes. 28 bacterial strains and 3 induced mutants were screened for the presence of subtilosin gene (sbo) and subtilosin through PCR and Mass spectrometry respectively. Sbo gene was detected in 16 out of 28 Bacillus strains. The results from gene sequences deliberated by multiple sequence alignments revealed high-level homology to the sequences of the sbo-alb gene locus of B. subtilis 168 and the other limited reported strains. Hence, this report provided additional strains to support the idea of subtilosin gene predominance amongst Bacillus strains isolated from environment and to find different species containing homologous genes, furthermore the utilization of its conserved region as a means of identifying Bacillus spp. that produce subtilosin. This is the first report to confirm the detection of subtilosin production from B. amyloliquefaciens.
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