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Shu HY, Chen CC, Ku HT, Wang CL, Wu KM, Weng HY, Liu ST, Chen CL, Chiu CH. Complete genome sequence of Bacillus halotolerans F29-3, a fengycin-producing strain. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0124623. [PMID: 38451104 PMCID: PMC11008187 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01246-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus halotolerans F29-3, a Gram-positive bacterium, is recognized for its synthesis of the antifungal substance fengycin. This announcement introduces the complete genome sequence and provides insights into the genetic products related to antibiotic secondary metabolites, including non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), polyketide synthase (PKS), and NRPS/PKS combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Shu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chi Chen
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tzu Ku
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Keh-Ming Wu
- Bioinformatics Department, Welgene Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Weng
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tung Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Deng YJ, Chen Z, Chen YP, Wang JP, Xiao RF, Wang X, Liu B, Chen MC, He J. Lipopeptide C 17 Fengycin B Exhibits a Novel Antifungal Mechanism by Triggering Metacaspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Fusarium oxysporum. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:7943-7953. [PMID: 38529919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is a worldwide soil-borne fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum that causes serious damage to agricultural products. Therefore, preventing and treating fusarium wilt is of great significance. In this study, we purified ten single lipopeptide fengycin components from Bacillus subtilis FAJT-4 and found that C17 fengycin B inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum FJAT-31362. We observed early apoptosis hallmarks, including reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and phosphatidylserine externalization in C17 fengycin B-treated F. oxysporum cells. Further data showed that C17 fengycin B induces cell apoptosis in a metacaspase-dependent manner. Importantly, we found that the expression of autophagy-related genes in the TOR signaling pathway was significantly upregulated; simultaneously, the accumulation of acidic autophagy vacuoles in F. oxysporum cell indicated that the autophagy pathway was activated during apoptosis induced by C17 fengycin B. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the antifungal mechanism of fengycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Deng
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Yan-Ping Chen
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wang
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Rong-Feng Xiao
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Xun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Mei-Chun Chen
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Jin He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
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3
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Yin Y, Wang P, Wang X, Wen J. Construction of Bacillus subtilis for efficient production of fengycin from xylose through CRISPR-Cas9. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1342199. [PMID: 38249479 PMCID: PMC10797001 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1342199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fengycin is a multifunctional peptide antibiotic produced mainly by Bacillus species and the purpose of this research was to construct a Bacillus subtilis strain that can produce fengycin with the xylose as the substrate with CRSIPR-Cas9. Hence, at the beginning of this study, functional sfp and degQ were expressed in B. subtilis 168 strain to give the strain the ability to produce the fengycin with the titer of 71.21 mg/L. Subsequently, the native promoter PppsA of the cluster responsible for the fengycin synthesis was replaced by the Pveg promoter, resulting in a further 5.22-fold increase in fengycin titer. To confer xylose utilization capacity to B. subtilis, deletion of araR and constitutive overexpression of araE were performed, and the xylose consumption rate of the engineered strain BSUY06 reached 0.29 g/L/h, which is about 6.25-fold higher than that of the parent strain BSUY04-1. In the final phase of this study, the fermentation characteristics were observed and the initial xylose concentration was optimized. In this study, 40 g/L xylose was proved to be the most suitable initial concentration for growth and fengycin fermentation, which leading to a fengycin titer of 430.86 mg/L. This study demonstrated that lignocellulose, the clean and sustainable substrate with xylose as the second largest sugar, is a potential substrate for the production of fengycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Xue J, Sun L, Xu H, Gu Y, Lei P. Bacillus atrophaeus NX-12 Utilizes Exosmotic Glycerol from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum for Fengycin Production. J Agric Food Chem 2023. [PMID: 37410693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus strains are widely used as biological control agents to protect plants from fungal pathogens. However, whether Bacillus can exploit fungal pathogens to increase its biocontrol efficacy remains largely unexplored. Here, Bacillus atrophaeus NX-12 showed a high inhibition efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC). The primary extracellular antifungal component of B. atrophaeus NX-12 was identified as fengycin by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis. NX-12-secreted fengycin not only inhibited the germination of FOC spores but also induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FOC cells, leading to oxidative stress and the accumulation of glycerol. Additionally, NX-12-secreted fengycin increased FOC cell wall hydrolase activity, leading to cell splitting and the exosmose of accumulated glycerol. The increased exosmose of glycerol further promoted the production of fengycin. Our results showed that in addition to the direct inhibition of FOC, NX-12 can indirectly strengthen its antagonistic efficacy against the pathogen by exploiting the exosmotic glycerol from FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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He P, Cui W, Munir S, He P, Huang R, Li X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Tang P, He Y, He P. Fengycin produced by Bacillus subtilis XF-1 plays a major role in the biocontrol of Chinese cabbage clubroot via direct effect and defense stimulation. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36946428 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis XF-1 is a well-investigated biocontrol agent against the biotrophic Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron., the causal agent of clubroot disease of cruciferous crops. The present study demonstrates that XF-1 could efficiently control clubroot disease via leaf spraying and provides an understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HTPLC) analysis indicated the presence of fengycin-type cyclopeptides in the supernatant. A ppsB deletion mutant of XF-1 resulted in no fengycin production, significantly reduced the lysis rate of testing spores in vitro and the primary infection rate of root hair in vivo, and decreased the protection value against clubroot disease under the greenhouse conditions. Confocal laser scanning microscopy proved that fengycin was not required for leaf internalization and root colonization. Moreover, the expression level of the ppsB gene in XF-1 was regulated by its cell density in root during interaction with P. brassicae. In addition, the ΔppsB mutant of XF-1 could not efficiently control disease because it led to a lower activation level of the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways in roots, which are necessary for the plant defense reaction upon pathogen invasion. Altogether, the present study provides a new understanding of specific cues in the interaction between B. subtilis and P. brassicae as well as insights into the application of B. subtilis in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shahzad Munir
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengbo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruirong Huang
- Plant Protection Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuehu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yueqiu He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengfei He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Jia Q, Fan Y, Duan S, Qin Q, Ding Y, Yang M, Wang Y, Liu F, Wang C. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 on Growth of Alternaria alternata and Production of Tenuazonic Acid. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36668873 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of processing tomato are grown in Xinjiang, China. Tomato black spot disease, caused by Alternaria spp., and the produced alternaria toxins in tomato products are posing risks to human health. In this study, we isolated a rhizospheric bacterium, XJ-BV2007, from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fields, which we identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. We found that this bacterium has a strong antagonistic effect against Alternaria alternata and reduces the accumulation of alternaria toxins in tomatoes. According to the antifungal activity of the bacteria-free filtrate, we revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 suppresses A. alternata by the production of antifungal metabolites. Combining semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, we employed UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis and the Oxford cup experiment to find that fengycin plays an important role in inhibiting A. alternata. This paper firstly reported that B. amyloliquefaciens efficiently controls tomato black spot disease and mycotoxins caused by A. alternata. B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 may provide an alternative biocontrol strain for the prevention of tomato black spot disease.
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Gao GR, Hou ZJ, Ding MZ, Bai S, Wei SY, Qiao B, Xu QM, Cheng JS, Yuan YJ. Improved Production of Fengycin in Bacillus subtilis by Integrated Strain Engineering Strategy. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:4065-4076. [PMID: 36379006 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fengycin is a lipopeptide with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. However, its low yield limits its commercial application. Therefore, we iteratively edited multiple target genes associated with fengycin synthesis by combinatorial metabolic engineering. The ability of Bacillus subtilis 168 to manufacture lipopeptides was restored, and the fengycin titer was 1.81 mg/L. Fengycin production was further increased to 174.63 mg/L after knocking out pathways associated with surfactin and bacillaene synthesis and replacing the native promoter (PppsA) with the Pveg promoter. Subsequently, fengycin levels were elevated to 258.52 mg/L by upregulating the expression of relevant genes involved in the fatty acid pathway. After blocking spore and biofilm formation, fengycin production reached 302.51 mg/L. Finally, fengycin production was increased to approximately 885.37 mg/L after adding threonine in the optimized culture medium, which was 488-fold higher compared with that of the initial strain. Integrated strain engineering provides a strategy to construct a system for improving fengycin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Rong Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Zheng-Jie Hou
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Song Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Si-Yu Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Qiu-Man Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Binshuixi Road 393, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jing-Sheng Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
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Vahidinasab M, Adiek I, Hosseini B, Akintayo SO, Abrishamchi B, Pfannstiel J, Henkel M, Lilge L, Voegele RT, Hausmann R. Characterization of Bacillus velezensis UTB96, Demonstrating Improved Lipopeptide Production Compared to the Strain B. velezensis FZB42. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2225. [PMID: 36363818 PMCID: PMC9693074 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus strains can produce various lipopeptides, known for their antifungal properties. This makes them attractive metabolites for applications in agriculture. Therefore, identification of productive wild-type strains is essential for the development of biopesticides. Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a well-established strain for biocontrol of plant pathogens in agriculture. Here, we characterized an alternative strain, B. velezensis UTB96, that can produce higher amounts of all three major lipopeptide families, namely surfactin, fengycin, and iturin. UTB96 produces iturin A. Furthermore, UTB96 showed superior antifungal activity towards the soybean fungal pathogen Diaporthe longicolla compared to FZB42. Moreover, the additional provision of different amino acids for lipopeptide production in UTB96 was investigated. Lysine and alanine had stimulatory effects on the production of all three lipopeptide families, while supplementation of leucine, valine and isoleucine decreased the lipopeptide bioproduction. Using a 45-litre bioreactor system for upscaling in batch culture, lipopeptide titers of about 140 mg/L surfactin, 620 mg/L iturin A, and 45 mg/L fengycin were achieved. In conclusion, it becomes clear that B. velezensis UTB96 is a promising strain for further research application in the field of agricultural biological controls of fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Vahidinasab
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Isabel Adiek
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Behnoush Hosseini
- Department of Phytopathology (360a), Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephen Olusanmi Akintayo
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bahar Abrishamchi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Pfannstiel
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Cellular Agriculture, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf T. Voegele
- Department of Phytopathology (360a), Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Leconte A, Tournant L, Muchembled J, Paucellier J, Héquet A, Deracinois B, Deweer C, Krier F, Deleu M, Oste S, Jacques P, Coutte F. Assessment of Lipopeptide Mixtures Produced by Bacillus subtilis as Biocontrol Products against Apple Scab ( Venturia inaequalis). Microorganisms 2022; 10:1810. [PMID: 36144412 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple scab is an important disease conventionally controlled by chemical fungicides, which should be replaced by more environmentally friendly alternatives. One of these alternatives could be the use of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis. The objective of this work is to study the action of the three families of lipopeptides and different mixtures of them in vitro and in vivo against Venturia inaequalis. Firstly, the antifungal activity of mycosubtilin/surfactin and fengycin/surfactin mixtures was determined in vitro by measuring the median inhibitory concentration. Then, the best lipopeptide mixture ratio was produced using Design of Experiment (DoE) to optimize the composition of the culture medium. Finally, the lipopeptides mixtures efficiency against V. inaequalis was assessed in orchards as well as the evaluation of the persistence of lipopeptides on apple. In vitro tests show that the use of fengycin or mycosubtilin alone is as effective as a mixture, with the 50–50% fengycin/surfactin mixture being the most effective. Optimization of culture medium for the production of fengycin/surfactin mixture shows that the best composition is glycerol coupled with glutamic acid. Finally, lipopeptides showed in vivo antifungal efficiency against V. inaequalis regardless of the mixture used with a 70% reduction in the incidence of scab for both mixtures (fengycin/surfactin or mycosubtilin/surfactin). The reproducibility of the results over the two trial campaigns was significantly better with the mycosubtilin/surfactin mixture. The use of B. subtilis lipopeptides to control this disease is very promising.
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Yasmin A, Aslam F, Fariq A. Genetic Evidences of Biosurfactant Production in Two Bacillus subtilis Strains MB415 and MB418 Isolated From Oil Contaminated Soil. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:855762. [PMID: 35557861 PMCID: PMC9086163 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants are a diverse group of amphiphilic compounds obtained from microbes. In the present study, the genomic analysis of biosurfactant-producing Bacillus subtilis MB415 and MB418 obtained from oil-contaminated soil was performed. Initially, the strains were screened for biosurfactant production by hemolytic assay, emulsification index, and oil displacement. Further FTIR analysis of extracted biosurfactants revealed the presence of lipopeptides. The sequenced genomes of MB415 and MB418 were of 4.2 Mbps with 43% GC content. Among more than 4,500 protein-coding genes, many were involved in virulence, metal/multidrug resistances, flagella assembly, chemotactic response, and aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenases. An annotation analysis revealed that both genomes possessed non-ribosomal synthetase gene clusters for the lipopeptide synthetases srf and fen responsible for surfactin and fengycin production. Comparative studies of both genomes highlighted variability in gene operons mainly for surfactin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Aslam
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Anila Fariq
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Kotli, Pakistan
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11
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Vassaux A, Rannou M, Peers S, Daboudet T, Jacques P, Coutte F. Impact of the Purification Process on the Spray-Drying Performances of the Three Families of Lipopeptide Biosurfactant Produced by Bacillus subtilis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:815337. [PMID: 35004661 PMCID: PMC8727909 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.815337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis display many activities (surfactant, antimicrobial, and antitumoral), which make them interesting compounds with a wide range of applications. During the past years, several processes have been developed to enable their production and purification with suitable yield and purity. The already implemented processes mainly end with a critical drying step, which is currently achieved by freeze-drying. In this study, the possibility to replace this freeze-drying step with a spray-drying one, more suited to industrial applications, was analyzed. After evaluating their thermal resistance, we have developed a spray-drying methodology applicable for the three lipopeptides families produced by B. subtilis, i.e., surfactin, mycosubtilin (iturin family), and plipastatin (fengycin family). For each lipopeptide, the spray-drying procedure was applied at three steps of the purification process by ultrafiltration (supernatant, diafiltered solution, and pre-purified fraction). The analysis of the activities of each spray-dried lipopeptide showed that this drying method is not decreasing its antimicrobial and biosurfactant properties. The methodology developed in this study enabled for the first time the spray-drying of surfactin, without adjuvants’ addition and regardless of the purification step considered. In the case of fengycin and mycosubtilin, only diafiltered solution and purified fraction could be successfully spray-dried without the addition of adjuvant. Maltodextrin addition was also investigated as the solution for the direct drying of supernatant. As expected, the performances of the spray-drying step and the purity of the powder obtained are highly related to the purification step at which the product was dried. Interestingly, the impact of mycosubtilin concentration on spray-drying yield was also evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Vassaux
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Équipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Marie Rannou
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Équipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | | | - Théo Daboudet
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Équipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Jacques
- LIPOFABRIK, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Université de Liège, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Équipe Métabolites Secondaires D'origine Microbienne, MiPI, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - François Coutte
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Équipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France.,LIPOFABRIK, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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12
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Lu H, Li R, Yang P, Luo W, Chen S, Bilal M, Xu H, Gu C, Liu S, Zhao Y, Geng C, Zhao L. iTRAQ-BASED Proteomic Analysis of the Mechanism of Fructose on Improving Fengycin Biosynthesis in Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206309. [PMID: 34684889 PMCID: PMC8539540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fengycin, as a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, displays potent activity against filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus flavus and Soft-rot fungus, which exhibits a wide range of potential applications in food industries, agriculture, and medicine. To better clarify the regulatory mechanism of fructose on fengycin biosynthesis, the iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was utilized to investigate the differentially expressed proteins of B. amyloliquefaciens fmb-60 cultivated in ML (without fructose) and MLF (with fructose) medium. The results indicated that a total of 811 proteins, including 248 proteins with differential expression levels (162 which were upregulated (fold > 2) and 86, which were downregulated (fold < 0.5) were detected, and most of the proteins are associated with cellular metabolism, biosynthesis, and biological regulation process. Moreover, the target genes’ relative expression was conducted using quantitative real-time PCR to validate the proteomic analysis results. Based on the results of proteome analysis, the supposed pathways of fructose enhancing fengycin biosynthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens fmb-60 can be summarized as improvement of the metabolic process, including cellular amino acid and amide, fatty acid biosynthesis, peptide and protein, nucleotide and nucleobase-containing compound, drug/toxin, cofactor, and vitamin; reinforcement of peptide/protein translation, modification, biological process, and response to a stimulus. In conclusion, this study represents a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the fructose mechanism on improving fengycin biosynthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens, which will provide a road map to facilitate the potential application of fengycin or its homolog in defending against filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedong Lu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 250003, China;
| | - Panping Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weibo Luo
- Institute of Food and Marine Bio-Resources, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Shunxian Chen
- Institute of Food and Marine Bio-Resources, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hai Xu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chengyuan Gu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chengxin Geng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-517-83559107 (C.G.); +86-517-83559216 (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-517-83559107 (C.G.); +86-517-83559216 (L.Z.)
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13
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Lam VB, Meyer T, Arias AA, Ongena M, Oni FE, Höfte M. Bacillus Cyclic Lipopeptides Iturin and Fengycin Control Rice Blast Caused by Pyricularia oryzae in Potting and Acid Sulfate Soils by Direct Antagonism and Induced Systemic Resistance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1441. [PMID: 34361878 PMCID: PMC8305041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice monoculture in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) is affected by a wide range of abiotic and biotic constraints, including rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae. To progress towards a more sustainable agriculture, our research aimed to screen the biocontrol potential of indigenous Bacillus spp. against blast disease by triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR) via root application and direct antagonism. Strains belonging to the B. altitudinis and B. velezensis group could protect rice against blast disease by ISR. UPLC-MS and marker gene replacement methods were used to detect cyclic lipopeptide (CLiP) production and construct CLiPs deficient mutants of B. velezensis, respectively. Here we show that the CLiPs fengycin and iturin are both needed to elicit ISR against rice blast in potting soil and ASS conditions. The CLiPs surfactin, iturin and fengycin completely suppressed P. oryzae spore germination resulting in disease severity reduction when co-applied on rice leaves. In vitro microscopic assays revealed that iturin and fengycin inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus P. oryzae, while surfactin had no effect. The capacity of indigenous Bacillus spp. to reduce rice blast by direct and indirect antagonism in ASS conditions provides an opportunity to explore their usage for rice blast control in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Bach Lam
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (V.B.L.); (F.E.O.)
| | - Thibault Meyer
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Unit, Faculty of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (T.M.); (A.A.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Anthony Arguelles Arias
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Unit, Faculty of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (T.M.); (A.A.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Unit, Faculty of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (T.M.); (A.A.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (V.B.L.); (F.E.O.)
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (V.B.L.); (F.E.O.)
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14
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Xiao J, Guo X, Qiao X, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhang D. Activity of Fengycin and Iturin A Isolated From Bacillus subtilis Z-14 on Gaeumannomyces graminis Var. tritici and Soil Microbial Diversity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:682437. [PMID: 34220767 PMCID: PMC8250863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.682437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis Z-14 can inhibit phytopathogenic fungi, and is used as a biocontrol agent for wheat take-all disease. The present study used the soil-borne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), which causes wheat take-all disease, and the soil microbial community as indicators, and investigated the antifungal effects of fengycin and iturin A purified from strain Z-14 using high performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that fengycin destroyed the internal structure of Ggt cells by digesting the cytoplasm and organelles, forming vacuoles, and inducing hyphal shrinkage and distortion. Iturin A induced cell wall disappearance, membrane degeneration, intracellular material shrinkage, and hyphal fragmentation. A biocontrol test demonstrated a 100% control effect on wheat take-all when wheat seedlings were treated with fengycin at 100 μg/ml or iturin A at 500 μg/ml. Iturin A and fengycin both reduced the relative abundance of Aspergillus and Gibberella. At the genus level, iturin A reduced the relative abundance of Mortierella and Myrothecium, while fengycin reduced that of Fusarium. Only fengycin treatment for 7 days had a significant effect on soil bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Xiao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinlei Qiao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xuechao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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15
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Steinke K, Mohite OS, Weber T, Kovács ÁT. Phylogenetic Distribution of Secondary Metabolites in the Bacillus subtilis Species Complex. mSystems 2021; 6:e00057-21. [PMID: 33688015 PMCID: PMC8546965 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00057-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes produce a plethora of secondary (or specialized) metabolites that, although not essential for primary metabolism, benefit them to survive in the environment, communicate, and influence cell differentiation. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), responsible for the production of these secondary metabolites, are readily identifiable on bacterial genome sequences. Understanding the phylogeny and distribution of BGCs helps us to predict the natural product synthesis ability of new isolates. Here, we examined 310 genomes from the Bacillus subtilis group, determined the inter- and intraspecies patterns of absence/presence for all BGCs, and assigned them to defined gene cluster families (GCFs). This allowed us to establish patterns in the distribution of both known and unknown products. Further, we analyzed variations in the BGC structures of particular families encoding natural products, such as plipastatin, fengycin, iturin, mycosubtilin, and bacillomycin. Our detailed analysis revealed multiple GCFs that are species or clade specific and a few others that are scattered within or between species, which will guide exploration of the chemodiversity within the B. subtilis group. Surprisingly, we discovered that partial deletion of BGCs and frameshift mutations in selected biosynthetic genes are conserved within phylogenetically related isolates, although isolated from around the globe. Our results highlight the importance of detailed genomic analysis of BGCs and the remarkable phylogenetically conserved erosion of secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential in the B. subtilis group.IMPORTANCE Members of the B. subtilis species complex are commonly recognized producers of secondary metabolites, among those, the production of antifungals, which makes them promising biocontrol strains. While there are studies examining the distribution of well-known secondary metabolites in Bacilli, intraspecies clade-specific distribution has not been systematically reported for the B. subtilis group. Here, we report the complete biosynthetic potential within the B. subtilis group to explore the distribution of the biosynthetic gene clusters and to reveal an exhaustive phylogenetic conservation of secondary metabolite production within Bacillus that supports the chemodiversity within this species complex. We identify that certain gene clusters acquired deletions of genes and particular frameshift mutations, rendering them inactive for secondary metabolite biosynthesis, a conserved genetic trait within phylogenetically conserved clades of certain species. The overview guides the assignment of the secondary metabolite production potential of newly isolated Bacillus strains based on genome sequence and phylogenetic relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Steinke
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Omkar S Mohite
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tilmann Weber
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ákos T Kovács
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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16
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López-González RC, Juárez-Campusano YS, Rodríguez-Chávez JL, Delgado-Lamas G, Medrano SMA, Martínez-Peniche RÁ, Pacheco-Aguilar JR. Antagonistic Activity of Bacteria Isolated from Apple in Different Fruit Development Stages against Blue Mold Caused by Penicillium expansum. Plant Pathol J 2021; 37:24-35. [PMID: 33551694 PMCID: PMC7847758 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2020.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum is one of the most significant postharvest diseases of apples. Some microorganisms associated with the surface of ripening apples possess the ability to inhibit the growth of P. expansum. However, the existing literature about their colonization in the stages before ripening is not explored in depth. This study aims to characterize the antagonistic capacity of bacterial populations from five fruit development stages of 'Royal Gala' apples. The results have shown that the density of the bacterial populations decreases throughout the ripening stages of fruit (from 1.0 × 105 to 1.1 × 101 cfu/cm2). A total of 25 bacterial morphotypes (corresponding to five genera identified by 16S RNA) were differentiated in which Bacillus stood out as a predominant genus. In the in vitro antagonism tests, 10 Bacillus strains (40%) inhibited the mycelial growth of P. expansum from 30.1% to 60.1%, while in fruit bioassays, the same strains reduced the fruit rot ranging from 12% to 66%. Moreover, the bacterial strains with antagonistic activity increased in the ripening fruit stage. B. subtilis subsp. spiziennii M24 obtained the highest antagonistic activity (66.9% of rot reduction). The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization- time of flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed that bacteria with antagonistic activity produce antifungal lipopeptides from iturin and fengycin families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yara Suhan Juárez-Campusano
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 7600, México
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Chávez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 7600, México
| | - Guillermo Delgado-Lamas
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Sofía María Arvizu Medrano
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 7600, México
| | - Ramón Álvar Martínez-Peniche
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 7600, México
| | - Juan Ramiro Pacheco-Aguilar
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 7600, México
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17
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Olajide AM, Chen S, LaPointe G. Markers to Rapidly Distinguish Bacillus paralicheniformis From the Very Close Relative, Bacillus licheniformis. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:596828. [PMID: 33505369 PMCID: PMC7829221 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As close relatives, Bacillus paralicheniformis is often wrongly identified as Bacillus licheniformis. In this study, two genetic markers are presented based on fenC and fenD from the fengycin operon of B. paralicheniformis to rapidly distinguish it from B. licheniformis. The fengycin operon is one of the few present in B. paralicheniformis but absent in B. lichenformis up to date. Using these markers, two presumptive B. paralicheniformis isolates each were recovered from a set of isolates previously identified as B. licheniformis by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) or identified only to genus level as Bacillus by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, respectively. Whole genome sequencing of the four isolates confirmed their identity as B. paralicheniformis having the closest similarity with B. paralicheniformis ATCC 9945a (GenBank: CP005965.1) with a 7,682 k-mer score and 97.22% Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI). ANI of 100% suggests that the four isolates are highly similar. Further analysis will be necessary to determine if finer differences exist among these isolates at the level of single nucleotide polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke M Olajide
- CRIFS, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Shu Chen
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- CRIFS, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, ON, Canada
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18
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Lin LZ, Zheng QW, Wei T, Zhang ZQ, Zhao CF, Zhong H, Xu QY, Lin JF, Guo LQ. Isolation and Characterization of Fengycins Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JFL21 and Its Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Potential Against Multidrug-Resistant Foodborne Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:579621. [PMID: 33391199 PMCID: PMC7775374 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuing emergence and development of pathogenic microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics constitute an increasing global concern, and the effort in new antimicrobials discovery will remain relevant until a lasting solution is found. A new bacterial strain, designated JFL21, was isolated from seafood and identified as B. amyloliquefaciens. The antimicrobial substance produced by B. amyloliquefaciens JFL21 showed low toxicity to most probiotics but exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens. The partially purified antimicrobial substance, Anti-JFL21, was characterized to be a multiple lipopeptides mixture comprising the families of surfactin, fengycin, and iturin. Compared with commercially available polymyxin B and Nisin, Anti-JFL21 not only could exhibit a wider and stronger antibacterial activity toward Gram-positive pathogens but also inhibit the growth of a majority of fungal pathogens. After further separation through gel filtration chromatography (GFC), the family of surfactin, fengycin, and iturin were obtained, respectively. The results of the antimicrobial test pointed out that only fengycin family presented marked antimicrobial properties against the indicators of L. monocytogenes, A. hydrophila, and C. gloeosporioides, which demonstrated that fengycins might play a major role in the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Anti-JFL21. Additionally, the current study also showed that the fengycins produced by B. amyloliquefaciens JFL21 not only maintained stable anti-Listeria activity over a broad pH and temperature range, but also remained active after treatment with ultraviolet sterilization, chemical reagents, and proteolytic enzymes. Therefore, the results of this study suggest the new strain and its antimicrobials are potentially useful in food preservation for the biological control of the multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Zhen Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Wang Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qian Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Fan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Pajčin I, Vlajkov V, Frohme M, Grebinyk S, Grahovac M, Mojićević M, Grahovac J. Pepper Bacterial Spot Control by Bacillus velezensis: Bioprocess Solution. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1463. [PMID: 32987624 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper bacterial spot is one of the most severe plant diseases in terms of infection persistence and economic losses when it comes to fresh pepper fruits used in nutrition and industrial processing. In this study, Bacillus velezensis IP22 isolated from fresh cheese was used as a biocontrol agent of pepper bacterial spot, whose main causal agent is the cosmopolitan pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. After optimization of the cultivation medium composition aimed at maximizing of the antimicrobial activity against X. euvesicatoria and validation of the optimized medium at the scale of a laboratory bioreactor, in planta tests were performed. The results have showed significant suppression of bacterial spot symptoms in pepper plants by the produced biocontrol agent, as well as reduction of disease spreading on the healthy (uninoculated) pepper leaves. Furthermore, HPLC-MS (high pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis was employed to examine antimicrobial metabolites produced by B. velezensis IP22, where lipopeptides were found with similar m/z values compared to lipopeptides from fengycin and locillomycin families. The bioprocess solution developed at the laboratory scale investigated in this study represents a promising strategy for production of pepper bacterial spot biocontrol agent based on B. velezensis IP22, a food isolate with a great perspective for application in plant protection.
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Dunlap CA, Bowman MJ, Rooney AP. Iturinic Lipopeptide Diversity in the Bacillus subtilis Species Group - Important Antifungals for Plant Disease Biocontrol Applications. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1794. [PMID: 31440222 PMCID: PMC6693446 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iturins and closely related lipopeptides constitute a family of antifungal compounds known as iturinic lipopeptides that are produced by species in the Bacillus subtilis group. The compounds that comprise the family are: iturin, bacillomycin D, bacillomycin F, bacillomycin L, mycosubtilin, and mojavensin. These lipopeptides are prominent in many Bacillus strains that have been commercialized as biological control agents against fungal plant pathogens and as plant growth promoters. The compounds are cyclic heptapeptides with a variable length alkyl sidechain, which confers surface activity properties resulting in an affinity for fungal membranes. Above a certain concentration, enough molecules enter the fungal cell membrane to create a pore in the cell wall, which leads to loss of cell contents and cell death. This study identified 330 iturinic lipopeptide clusters in publicly available genomes from the B. subtilis species group. The clusters were subsequently assigned into distinguishable types on the basis of their unique amino acid sequences and then verified by HPLC MS/MS analysis. The results show some lipopeptides are only produced by one species, whereas certain others can produce up to three. In addition, four species previously not known to produce iturinic lipopeptides were identified. The distribution of these compounds among the B. subtilis group species suggests that they play an important role in their speciation and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Michael J Bowman
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Alejandro P Rooney
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, United States
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Li Y, Héloir M, Zhang X, Geissler M, Trouvelot S, Jacquens L, Henkel M, Su X, Fang X, Wang Q, Adrian M. Surfactin and fengycin contribute to the protection of a Bacillus subtilis strain against grape downy mildew by both direct effect and defence stimulation. Mol Plant Pathol 2019; 20:1037-1050. [PMID: 31104350 PMCID: PMC6640177 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis GLB191 (hereafter GLB191) is an efficient biological control agent against the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. In this study, we show that GLB191 supernatant is also highly active against downy mildew and that the activity results from both direct effect against the pathogen and stimulation of the plant defences (induction of defence gene expression and callose production). High-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis revealed the presence of the cyclic lipopeptides fengycin and surfactin in the supernatant. Mutants affected in the production of fengycin and/or surfactin were thus obtained and allowed us to show that both surfactin and fengycin contribute to the double activity of GLB191 supernatant against downy mildew. Altogether, this study suggests that GLB191 supernatant could be used as a new biocontrol product against grapevine downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Marie‐Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonF‐21000France
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Mareen Geissler
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of HohenheimFruwirthstrasse 12Stuttgart70599Germany
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonF‐21000France
| | - Lucile Jacquens
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonF‐21000France
| | - Marius Henkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of HohenheimFruwirthstrasse 12Stuttgart70599Germany
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonF‐21000France
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Abstract
To explore the potential clinical anti-tumor roles of Bacillus subtilis fmbJ-derived fengycin on cell growth and apoptosis in colon cancer HT29 cell line.Fengycin was extracted from Bacillus subtilis fmbJ and detected using HPLC. The effects of different concentration of fengycin on colon cell HT29 cell activity at different time points were analyzed using MTT assay. ROS level in colon HT29 cells affected by fengycin was detected using DCFH-DA method, followed by measuring the effects of fengycin on HT29 cell apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry. The effects of fengycin on Bax/Bcl-2, CDK4/cyclin D1, Caspase-6 and Caspase-3 expressions in HT29 cells were analyzed using western blot. Also, mRNA levels of Bax/Bcl-2 and CDK4/cyclin D1 in HT29 cells affected by fengycin were analyzed using qRT-PCR.Compared with controlss, 20 μg/mL of fengycin performed an inhibit role on HT29 cell growth of at 3 day (P<0.05), and high dose of fengycin showed more excellent effect on inhibiting HT29 cell growth with time increasing. Besides, fengycin could induce HT29 cell apoptosis and affect the cell cycle arrest at G1. ROS level in HT29 cells treated by fengycin was significantly increased compared with that in control group (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that after being treated with fengycin, Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-6 expressions were increased, however, Bcl-2, and CDK4/cyclin D1 expressions were decreased (P<0.05).Our study suggested that fengycin may play certain inhibit roles in the development and progression of colon cancer through involving in the cell apoptosis and cell cycle processes by targeting the Bax/Bcl-2 pathway.
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Zhang L, Sun C. Fengycins, Cyclic Lipopeptides from Marine Bacillus subtilis Strains, Kill the Plant-Pathogenic Fungus Magnaporthe grisea by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Chromatin Condensation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00445-18. [PMID: 29980550 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00445-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important crop and a primary food source for more than half of the world's population. Notably, scientists in China have developed several types of rice that can be grown in seawater, avoiding the use of precious freshwater resources and potentially creating enough food for 200 million people. The plant-affecting fungus Magnaporthe grisea is the causal agent of rice blast disease, and biological rather than chemical control of this threatening disease is highly desirable. In this work, we discovered fengycin BS155, a cyclic lipopeptide material produced by the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis BS155, which showed strong activity against M. grisea. Our results elucidate the mechanism of fengycin BS155-mediated M. grisea growth inhibition and highlight the potential of B. subtilis BS155 as a biocontrol agent against M. grisea in rice cultivation under both fresh- and saltwater conditions. Rice blast caused by the phytopathogen Magnaporthe grisea poses a serious threat to global food security and is difficult to control. Bacillus species have been extensively explored for the biological control of many fungal diseases. In the present study, the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis BS155 showed a strong antifungal activity against M. grisea. The active metabolites were isolated and identified as cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) of the fengycin family, named fengycin BS155, by the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Analyses using scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that fengycin BS155 caused morphological changes in the plasma membrane and cell wall of M. grisea hyphae. Using comparative proteomic and biochemical assays, fengycin BS155 was demonstrated to reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induce bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and downregulate the expression level of ROS-scavenging enzymes. Simultaneously, fengycin BS155 caused chromatin condensation in fungal hyphal cells, which led to the upregulation of DNA repair-related protein expression and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Altogether, our results indicate that fengycin BS155 acts by inducing membrane damage and dysfunction of organelles, disrupting MMP, oxidative stress, and chromatin condensation, resulting in M. grisea hyphal cell death. Therefore, fengycin BS155 and its parent bacterium are very promising candidates for the biological control of M. grisea and the associated rice blast and should be further investigated as such. IMPORTANCE Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important crop and a primary food source for more than half of the world's population. Notably, scientists in China have developed several types of rice that can be grown in seawater, avoiding the use of precious freshwater resources and potentially creating enough food for 200 million people. The plant-affecting fungus Magnaporthe grisea is the causal agent of rice blast disease, and biological rather than chemical control of this threatening disease is highly desirable. In this work, we discovered fengycin BS155, a cyclic lipopeptide material produced by the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis BS155, which showed strong activity against M. grisea. Our results elucidate the mechanism of fengycin BS155-mediated M. grisea growth inhibition and highlight the potential of B. subtilis BS155 as a biocontrol agent against M. grisea in rice cultivation under both fresh- and saltwater conditions.
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Bacon CW, Hinton DM, Mitchell TR. Screening of Bacillus mojavensis biofilms and biosurfactants using laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:867-875. [PMID: 29729222 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Biofilms are composed of micro-organisms within a matrix of chemically complex polymer compounds and from these structures many unknown competitive factors are suggested that many considered are important consequences for biological control. This research was undertaken to study further the endophyte, Bacillus mojavensis and its relationships to biofilm and two classes of lipopeptides considered relevant for biocontrol of plant pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS Laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and conventional MS/MS were used to study in situ biofilm production and the production of lipopeptides fengycin and surfactin in different strains of B. mojavensis in plate and test tube culture on two media. All strains were capable of producing biofilm in vitro along with the accumulation of surfactin and fengycin although no concentration-dependent relationship between lipopeptide accumulation and biofilm was observed. CONCLUSION All strains studied produce biofilms in culture with the accumulated surfactin and fengycin, demonstrating that endophytic bacteria also produced biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates that this endophytic species produced biofilms along with two biocontrol compounds of which one, surfactin, considered by others as a quorum sensor, highlighting its ecological role as a signalling mechanism in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Bacon
- USDA, ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D M Hinton
- USDA, ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - T R Mitchell
- USDA, ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
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Zihalirwa Kulimushi P, Argüelles Arias A, Franzil L, Steels S, Ongena M. Stimulation of Fengycin-Type Antifungal Lipopeptides in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the Presence of the Maize Fungal Pathogen Rhizomucor variabilis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:850. [PMID: 28555132 PMCID: PMC5430075 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most isolates belonging to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum clade retain the potential to produce a vast array of structurally diverse antimicrobial compounds that largely contribute to their efficacy as biocontrol agents against numerous plant fungal pathogens. In that context, the role of cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) has been well-documented but still little is known about the impact of interactions with other soil-inhabiting microbes on the expression of these molecules. In this work, we wanted to investigate the antagonistic activity developed by this bacterium against Rhizomucor variabilis, a pathogen isolated from diseased maize cobs in Democratic Republic of Congo. Our data show that fengycins are the major compounds involved in the inhibitory activity but also that production of this type of CLP is significantly upregulated when co-cultured with the fungus compared to pure cultures. B. amyloliquefaciens is thus able to perceive fungal molecules that are emitted and, as a response, up-regulates the biosynthesis of some specific components of its antimicrobial arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parent Zihalirwa Kulimushi
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, University of LiègeGembloux, Belgium.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, Université Evangélique en AfriqueBukavu, Congo
| | - Anthony Argüelles Arias
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, University of LiègeGembloux, Belgium
| | - Laurent Franzil
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, University of LiègeGembloux, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Steels
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, University of LiègeGembloux, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, University of LiègeGembloux, Belgium
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Mohamed R, Groulx E, Defilippi S, Erak T, Tambong JT, Tweddell RJ, Tsopmo A, Avis TJ. Physiological and molecular characterization of compost bacteria antagonistic to soil-borne plant pathogens. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:411-426. [PMID: 28178423 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disease suppressive composts have the potential to mitigate the risks associated with chemical pesticides. One of the main characteristics responsible for the suppressive nature of composts is their microbiological populations. To gain insight into the determinants responsible for their suppressive effects, we assayed composts to (i) isolate and identify beneficial antagonistic bacteria, (ii) quantify their antifungal and anti-oomycetal activities, (iii) extract inhibitory compounds produced by the bacteria, and (iv) identify antimicrobial lipopeptides produced by these bacteria. The antagonistic bacteria belonged to the genera Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, and Rummeliibacillus and had the ability to antagonise the growth of Fusarium sambucinum, Verticillium dahliae, and (or) Pythium sulcatum. These bacteria produced antimicrobial compounds that affected the mycelial growth and (or) conidial germination of the pathogens. Mass spectrometry analyses showed the presence of various antimicrobial lipopeptides in Bacillus and Bacillus-related spp. extracts, demonstrating that they are responsible, at least in part, for the antagonistic activity of the bacteria. Results from this work provide greater insight into some of the biological, biochemical, and physiological determinants of suppressiveness in composts involved in the control of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Mohamed
- a Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Emma Groulx
- a Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Stefanie Defilippi
- a Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Tamara Erak
- a Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - James T Tambong
- b Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Russell J Tweddell
- c Centre de recherche en innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- a Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Tyler J Avis
- a Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Liao JH, Chen PY, Yang YL, Kan SC, Hsieh FC, Liu YC. Clarification of the Antagonistic Effect of the Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BPD1 against Pyricularia oryzae via In Situ MALDI-TOF IMS Analysis. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121670. [PMID: 27918491 PMCID: PMC6273258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tried to clarify the antagonistic effect of the lipopeptides secreted by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BPD1 (Ba-BPD1) against Pyricularia oryzae Cavara (PO). To determine the major antifungal lipopeptides effective against PO, single and dual cultures were carried out in solid-state media. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF IMS) was used to identify the most effective lipopeptide in situ. Meanwhile, the morphology of pathogen fungi treated with lipopeptides was observed via the SEM. Of the three lipopeptide families, surfactin, iturin, and fengycin, the last was identified as the most effective for inhibiting mycelium growth and conidial germination of PO. The conidia and hyphae of fengycin-treated PO were shown to become deformed and tumorous under exposure. This study provides insights into the antagonistic effect of Ba-BPD1 against fungal phytopathogens. Such insights are helpful in the development of reagents for biological control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hung Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Biopesticides Division, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung 41358, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Yu Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chen Kan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Chia Hsieh
- Biopesticides Division, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung 41358, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Farzaneh M, Shi ZQ, Ahmadzadeh M, Hu LB, Ghassempour A. Inhibition of the Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Contamination on Pistachio Nut by Fengycin and Surfactin-Producing Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1. Plant Pathol J 2016; 32:209-215. [PMID: 27298596 PMCID: PMC4892817 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2015.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the treatment of pistachio nuts by Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1, a promising isolate to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), caused to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus R5 and AFB1 content on pistachio nuts. Fluorescence probes revealed that the cell free supernatant fluid from UTBSP1 affects spore viability considerably. Using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, 10 fractions were separated and collected from methanol extract of cell free supernatant fluid. Two fractions showed inhibition zones against A. flavus. Mass spectrometric analysis of the both antifungal fractions revealed a high similarity between these anti-A. flavus compounds and cyclic-lipopeptides of surfactin, and fengycin families. Coproduction of surfactin and fengycin acted in a synergistic manner and consequently caused a strong antifungal activity against A. flavus R5. There was a positive significant correlation between the reduction of A. flavus growth and the reduction of AFB1 contamination on pistachio nut by UTBSP1. The results indicated that fengycin and surfactin-producing B. subtilis UTBSP1 can potentially reduce A. flavus growth and AFB1 content in pistachio nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Farzaneh
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19835-389,
Iran
- Institute of Food Safety and Quality, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014,
China
| | - Zhi-Qi Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Quality, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014,
China
| | - Masoud Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Karaj 4111,
Iran
| | - Liang-Bin Hu
- Institute of Food Safety and Quality, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014,
China
- School of Food, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003,
China
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19835-389,
Iran
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Zhao J, Zhang C, Lu J, Lu Z. Enhancement of fengycin production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by genome shuffling and relative gene expression analysis using RT-PCR. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:431-6. [PMID: 27035066 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genome shuffling is an efficient approach for the rapid engineering of microbial strains with desirable industrial phenotypes. In this study, we used genome shuffling in an attempt to improve fengycin production of the wild-type strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2-4. After 2 rounds of genome shuffling, a high-yield recombinant F2-72 (FMB72) strain that exhibited 8.30-fold increases in fengycin production was obtained. Comparative analysis of synthetase gene (fenA) expression was conducted between the initial and shuffled strains using fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR. Delta CT (threshold cycle) relative quantitation analysis revealed that fengycin synthetase gene (fenA) expression at the transcriptional level in the FMB72 strain was 12.77-fold greater than in the ES-2-4 wild type. The shuffled strain has a potential application in food and pharmaceutical industries. At the same time, the analysis of improved phenotypes will provide more valuable data for inverse metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhao
- a College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjing Road, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhang
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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30
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Płaza G, Chojniak J, Rudnicka K, Paraszkiewicz K, Bernat P. Detection of biosurfactants in Bacillus species: genes and products identification. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1023-34. [PMID: 26171834 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To screen environmental Bacillus strains for detection of genes encoding the enzymes involved in biosurfactant synthesis and to evaluate their products e.g. surfactin, iturin and fengycin. MATERIALS AND RESULTS The taxonomic identification of isolated from the environment Bacillus strains was performed by Microgene ID Bacillus panel and GEN III Biolog system. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy for screening of genes in Bacillus strains was set up. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used for the identification of lipopeptides (LPs). All studied strains exhibited the presence of srfAA gene and produced surfactin mostly as four homologues (C13 to C16). Moreover, in 2 strains (KP7, T'-1) simultaneous co-production of 3 biosurfactants: surfactin, iturin and fengycin was observed. Additionally, it was found out that isolate identified as Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis (KP7), beside LPs co-production, synthesizes surfactin with the efficiency much higher than other studied strains (40·2 mg l(-1) ) and with the yield ranging from 0·8 to 8·3 mg l(-1) . CONCLUSION We showed that the combined methodology based on PCR and LC-MS/MS technique is an optimal tool for the detection of genes encoding enzymes involved in biosurfactant synthesis as well as their products, e.g. surfactin, iturin and fengycin. This approach improves the screening and the identification of environmental Bacillus co-producing biosurfactants-stimulating and facilitating the development of this area of science. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The findings of this work will help to improve screening of biosurfactant producers. Discovery of novel biosurfactants and biosurfactants co-production ability has shed light on their new application fields and for the understanding of their interactions and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Płaza
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice, Poland
| | - J Chojniak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice, Poland
| | - K Rudnicka
- Laboratory of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Paraszkiewicz
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Liu C, Sheng J, Chen L, Zheng Y, Lee DYW, Yang Y, Xu M, Shen L. Biocontrol Activity of Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Compost Against Pathogenic Fungi. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:6009-6018. [PMID: 26050784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis strain B154, isolated from Agaricus bisporus mushroom compost infected by red bread mold, exhibited antagonistic activities against Neurospora sitophila. Antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi was also observed. The maximum antifungal activity was reached during the stationary phase. This antifungal activity was stable over a wide pH and temperature range and was not affected by proteases. Assay of antifungal activity in vitro indicated that a purified antifungal substance could strongly inhibit mycelia growth and spore germination of N. sitophila. In addition, treatment with strain B154 in A. bisporus mushroom compost infected with N. sitophila significantly increased the yield of bisporus mushrooms. Ultraviolet scan spectroscopy, tricine sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, matrix-associated laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analyses revealed a molecular weight consistent with 1498.7633 Da. The antifungal compound might belong to a new type of lipopeptide fengycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- †College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- §Bioorganic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Jiping Sheng
- ‡School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhong Guancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
- §Bioorganic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Lin Chen
- †College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- †College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - David Yue Wei Lee
- §Bioorganic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- †College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingshuang Xu
- †College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Shen
- †College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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Roy A, Mahata D, Paul D, Korpole S, Franco OL, Mandal SM. Purification, biochemical characterization and self-assembled structure of a fengycin-like antifungal peptide from Bacillus thuringiensis strain SM1. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:332. [PMID: 24312083 PMCID: PMC3836021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An antifungal lipopeptide fengycin, producing strain SM1 was isolated from farm land soil sample and identified as Bacillus thuringiensis strain SM1 by using 16S rDNA analysis. Fengycin detected in the culture extract was further purified using HPLC and showed a molecular mass of 1492.8 Da by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. Purified fengycin was allowed to construct their self-assembled structure onto a hydrophobic surface showing a clear improvement of antibacterial activity. In self-assembly, fengycin adapts a spherical micelle core shell like structure. Self-assembled fengycin may be a successful antimicrobial compound modifying its action from confined antifungal function. Besides it can open up a new area of research in supramolecular lipopeptide based compound making. This can revealed the mode of action of this unique self-assembled structure to fully evaluate its potential for use as an antimicrobial drug to control the emergence of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Roy
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India
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Wei YH, Wang LC, Chen WC, Chen SY. Production and characterization of fengycin by indigenous Bacillus subtilis F29-3 originating from a potato farm. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4526-38. [PMID: 21151454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fengycin, a lipopeptide biosurfactant, was produced by indigenous Bacillus subtilis F29-3 isolated from a potato farm. Although inhibiting the growth of filamentous fungi, the fengycin is ineffective against yeast and bacteria. In this study, fengycin was isolated from fermentation broth of B. subtilis F29-3 via acidic precipitation (pH 2.0 with 5 N HCl) followed by purification using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. The purified fengycin product was characterized qualitatively by using fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, followed by quantitative analysis using reversed-phase HPLC system. This study also attempted to increase fengycin production by B. subtilis F29-3 in order to optimize the fermentation medium constituents. The fermentation medium composition was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to increase fengycin production from B. subtilis F29-3. According to results of the five-level four-factor central composite design, the composition of soybean meal, NaNO3, MnSO4·4H2O, mannitol-mannitol, soybean meal-mannitol, soybean meal-soybean meal, NaNO3-NaNO3 and MnSO4·4H2O-MnSO4·4H2O significantly affected production. The simulation model produced a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9043, capable of accounting for 90.43% variability of the data. Results of the steepest ascent and central composite design indicated that 26.2 g/L of mannitol, 21.9 g/L of soybean meal, 3.1 g/L of NaNO3 and 0.2 g/L of MnSO4·4H2O represented the optimal medium composition, leading to the highest production of fengycin. Furthermore, the optimization strategy increased the fengycin production from 1.2 g/L to 3.5 g/L.
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