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Nermuť J, Konopická J, Weijler V, Půža V. The use of Phasmarhabditis nematodes and metabolites of Xenorhabdus bacteria in slug control. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:8. [PMID: 38165479 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Many species of slugs are considered serious pests in agriculture and horticulture around the world. In Europe, slugs of the genera Arion and Deroceras are the most harmful pests in agriculture. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the whole-cell metabolites of 10 strains of five Xenorhabdus and three slug-parasitic nematodes (Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, Phasmarhabditis bohemica, and Phasmarhabditis apuliae) on the feeding behaviour and repellent effect on target slugs and evaluate a new possible means of biocontrol of these pests. The repellent and anti-feedant effects of nematode-killed insects, metabolites, slug-parasitic nematodes and a combination of metabolites and nematodes were studied through experimental designs: sand-filled plastic boxes divided into two parts in several modifications: with dead Galleria mellonella killed by nematodes, lettuce treated with bacterial metabolites and lettuce placed on the treated sand. We found that slugs avoid eating G. mellonella killed by nematodes, while they eat freeze-killed G. mellonella. Similarly, they avoid the consumption of lettuce in areas treated with bacterial metabolites (the most effective strains being Xenorhabus bovienii NFUST, Xenorhabdus kozodoii SLOV and JEGOR) with zero feeding in the treated side. All three Phasmarhabditis species also provided a significant anti-feedant/repellent effect. Our study is the first to show the repellent and anti-feedant effects of metabolites of Xenorhabdus bacteria against Arion vulgaris, and the results suggest that these substances have great potential for biocontrol. Our study is also the first to demonstrate the repellent effect of P. apuliae and P. bohemica. KEY POINTS: • Slugs avoid eating G. mellonella killed by entomopathogenic nematodes. • Bacterial metabolites have a strong repellent and antifeedant effect on slugs. • Presence of slug parasitic nematodes increases the repellent effect of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Nermuť
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Konopická
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Victoria Weijler
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Půža
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Kim JH, Lee BM, Lee HC, Choi IS, Koo KB, Son KH. Antagonistic Efficacy of Symbiotic Bacterium Xenorhabdus sp. SCG against Meloidogyne spp. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1627-1635. [PMID: 39081258 PMCID: PMC11380509 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2404.04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The inhabitation and parasitism of root-knot nematodes (RKNs) can be difficult to control, as its symptoms can be easily confused with other plant diseases; hence, identifying and controlling the occurrence of RKNs in plants remains an ongoing challenge. Moreover, there are only a few biological agents for controlling these harmful nematodes. In this study, Xenorhabdus sp. SCG isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes of genus Steinernema was evaluated for nematicidal effects under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. The cell-free filtrates of strain SCG showed nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne species J2s, with mortalities of > 88% at a final concentration of 10%, as well as significant nematicidal activity against the three other genera of plant-parasitic nematodes in a dose-dependent manner. Thymine was isolated as active compounds by assay-guided fractionation and showed high nematicidal activity against M. incognita. Greenhouse experiments suggested that cell-free filtrates of strain SCG efficiently controlled the nematode population in M. incognita-infested tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Rutgers). In addition, a significant increase in host plant growth was observed after 45 days of treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity spectrum of isolated Xenorhabdus species and their application to S. lycopersicum L., cv. Rutgers under greenhouse conditions. Xenorhabdus sp. SCG could be a promising biological nematicidal agent with plant growth-enhancing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Min Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - In-Soo Choi
- Nematode Research Center, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kwang-Hee Son
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Kamou N, Papafoti A, Chatzaki V, Kapranas A. Exploring the effects of entomopathogenic nematode symbiotic bacteria and their cell free filtrates on the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta and its predator Nesidiocoris tenuis. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 206:108181. [PMID: 39178983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of biocontrol agents, such as predators and entomopathogenic nematodes, is a promising approach for the effective control of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidaean), an oligophagous insect feeding mainly on Solanaceae species and a major pest of field- and greenhouse-grown tomatoes globally. In this context, the effects of two entomopathogenic nematode species Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), as well as their respective bacterial symbionts, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens (Enterobacterales: Morganelaceae), which were applied as bacterial cell suspensions and as crude cell-free liquid filtrates on T. absoluta larvae, were investigated. The results showed that of all treatments, the nematodes S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora were the most effective, causing up to 98 % mortality of T. absoluta larvae. Regarding bacteria and their filtrates, the bacterium X. nematophila was the most effective (69 % mortality in young larvae), while P. luminescens and both bacterial filtrates showed similar potency (ca. 48-55 % mortality in young larvae). To achieve a holistic approach of controlling this important pest, the impact of these factors on the beneficial predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) was also studied. The results demonstrated that although nematodes and especially S. carpocapsae, caused significant mortality on N. tenuis (87 %), the bacterial cell suspensions of X. nematophila and P. luminescens and crude cell-free liquid filtrates had minimum impact on this beneficial predator (∼11-30 % mortality).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kamou
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology (Entomology), Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ariadni Papafoti
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology (Entomology), Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileia Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology (Entomology), Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kapranas
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology (Entomology), Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Präve L, Seyfert CE, Bozhüyük KAJ, Racine E, Müller R, Bode HB. Investigation of the Odilorhabdin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Using NRPS Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406389. [PMID: 38801753 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The recently identified natural product NOSO-95A from entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus bacteria, derived from a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) encoding a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), was the first member of the odilorhabdin class of antibiotics. This class exhibits broad-spectrum antibiotic activity and inspired the development of the synthetic derivative NOSO-502, which holds potential as a new clinical drug by breaking antibiotic resistance. While the mode of action of odilorhabdins was broadly investigated, their biosynthesis pathway remained poorly understood. Here we describe the heterologous production of NOSO-95A in Escherichia coli after refactoring the complete BGC. Since the production titer was low, NRPS engineering was applied to uncover the underlying biosynthetic principles. For this, modules of the odilorhabdin NRPS fused to other synthetases were co-expressed with candidate hydroxylases encoded in the BGC allowing the characterization of the biosynthesis of three unusual amino acids and leading to the identification of a prodrug-activation mechanism by deacylation. Our work demonstrates the application of NRPS engineering as a blueprint to mechanistically elucidate large or toxic NRPS and provides the basis to generate novel odilorhabdin analogues with improved properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Präve
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carsten E Seyfert
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kenan A J Bozhüyük
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Myria Biosciences AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60 C, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
- Present address: Synthetic Biology of Microbial Natural Products (SIMS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Emilie Racine
- Nosopharm, 226 rue Georges Besse, 30000, Nîmes, France
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Helge B Bode
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Phillips University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Phillips University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
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Ayaz M, Zhao JT, Zhao W, Chi YK, Ali Q, Ali F, Khan AR, Yu Q, Yu JW, Wu WC, Qi RD, Huang WK. Biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes by bacteria and fungi: a multi-omics approach for the exploration of novel nematicides in sustainable agriculture. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1433716. [PMID: 39132133 PMCID: PMC11316259 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) pose a significant threat to global crop productivity, causing an estimated annual loss of US $157 billion in the agriculture industry. While synthetic chemical nematicides can effectively control PPNs, their overuse has detrimental effects on human health and the environment. Biocontrol agents (BCAs), such as bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, are safe and promising alternatives for PPNs control. These BCAs interact with plant roots and produce extracellular enzymes, secondary metabolites, toxins, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to suppress nematodes. Plant root exudates also play a crucial role in attracting beneficial microbes toward infested roots. The complex interaction between plants and microbes in the rhizosphere against PPNs is mostly untapped which opens new avenues for discovering novel nematicides through multi-omics techniques. Advanced omics approaches, including metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have led to the discovery of nematicidal compounds. This review summarizes the status of bacterial and fungal biocontrol strategies and their mechanisms for PPNs control. The importance of omics-based approaches for the exploration of novel nematicides and future directions in the biocontrol of PPNs are also addressed. The review highlighted the potential significance of multi-omics techniques in biocontrol of PPNs to ensure sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Tian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Kai Chi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rashid Khan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Cui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-De Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Půža V, Machado RAR. Systematics and phylogeny of the entomopathogenic nematobacterial complexes Steinernema-Xenorhabdus and Heterorhabditis-Photorhabdus. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 39020388 PMCID: PMC11256433 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-024-00235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, along with their bacterial symbionts from the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, respectively, are important biological control agents against agricultural pests. Rapid progress in the development of genomic tools has catalyzed a transformation of the systematics of these organisms, reshaping our understanding of their phylogenetic and cophlylogenetic relationships. In this review, we discuss the major historical events in the taxonomy and systematics of this group of organisms, highlighting the latest advancements in these fields. Additionally, we synthesize information on nematode-bacteria associations and assess the existing evidence regarding their cophylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Půža
- Institute of Entomology, Biology centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 1668, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Ricardo A R Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland.
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Tomar P, Thakur N, Jhamta S, Chowdhury S, Kapoor M, Singh S, Shreaz S, Rustagi S, Rai PK, Rai AK, Yadav AN. Bacterial biopesticides: Biodiversity, role in pest management and beneficial impact on agricultural and environmental sustainability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31550. [PMID: 38828310 PMCID: PMC11140719 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Agro-environmental sustainability is based upon the adoption of efficient resources in agro-practices that have a nominal impact on the ecosystem. Insect pests are responsible for causing severe impacts on crop productivity. Wide ranges of agro-chemicals have been employed over the last 50 years to overcome crop yield losses due to insect pests. But better knowledge about the hazards due to chemical pesticides and other pest resistance and resurgence issues necessitates an alternative for pest control. The applications of biological pesticides offer a best alternate that is safe, cost-effective, easy to adoption and successful against various insect pests and pathogens. Like other organisms, insects can get a wide range of diseases from various microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and nematodes. In order to create agricultural pest management practices that are environmentally beneficial, bacterial entomopathogens are being thoroughly studied. Utilization of bacterial biopesticides has been adopted for the protection of agricultural products. The different types of toxin complexes released by various microorganisms and their mechanisms of action are recapitulated. The present review described the diversity and biocontrol prospective of certain bacteria and summarised the potential of bacterial biopesticides for the management of agricultural pests, insects, and other phytopathogenic microorganisms in agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Tomar
- Department of Zoology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Thakur
- Department of Zoology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Samiksha Jhamta
- Department of Zoology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sohini Chowdhury
- Chitkara Center for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Monit Kapoor
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Sangram Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sheikh Shreaz
- Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, 13109, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Raja RK, Kumar Seetharaman P, Kalidass B, Ananth S, Bo L, Kamaraj C, Cimen H, Hazir S. Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using cell-free extract of Xenorhabdus cabanillasii GU480990 and their potential mosquito larvicidal properties against yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 203:108045. [PMID: 38135245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are successful due to their numerous applications in various domains such as cancer treatment, environmental applications, drug and gene delivery. Selenium is a metalloid element with broad biological activities and low toxicity especially at the nanoscale. Several studies have shown that nanoparticles synthesized from microbial and plant extracts are effective against important pests and pathogens. This study describes the bio fabrication of selenium nanoparticles using cell free extract of Xenorhabdus cabanillasii (XC-SeNPs) and assessed their mosquito larvicidal properties. Crystallographic structure and size of XC-SeNPs were determined with UV-a spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Zeta potential and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The significant surface plasmon resonance at 275 nm indicated the synthesis of XC-SeNPs from the pure cell-free extract of X. cabanillasii. The XRD result exhibits the crystalline nature of XC-SeNPs. The Zeta potential analysis confirmed that the surface charge of XC-SeNPs was -24.17 mV. TEM analysis revealed that synthesized XC-SeNPs were monodispersed, spherically shaped, and sized about 80-200 nm range. In addition, the larvicidal potentials of the bio-fabricated XC-SeNPs were assessed against the 4th-instar Ae. aegypti. XC-SeNPs displayed a dose-dependent larvicidal effect; the larval mortality was 13.3 % at the minimum evaluated concentration and increased to 72 % at higher dose treatments. The LC50 and LC90 concentration of XC-SeNPs against mosquito larvae were 79.4 and 722.4 ppm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Karthik Raja
- Centre for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-602105, India.
| | - Prabu Kumar Seetharaman
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255000, Xincun West Road 266, Zibo, China
| | - Bharathi Kalidass
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi
| | - Siva Ananth
- Sivan Bioscience Research and Training Laboratory, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Liu Bo
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255000, Xincun West Road 266, Zibo, China
| | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harun Cimen
- Recombinant DNA and Recombinant Protein Center (REDPROM), Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkiye
| | - Selcuk Hazir
- Centre for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-602105, India; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkiye.
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Huang X, Tang Q, Liu S, Li C, Li Y, Sun Y, Ding X, Xia L, Hu S. Discovery of an antitumor compound from xenorhabdus stockiae HN_xs01. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:101. [PMID: 38366186 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Xenorhabdus, known for its symbiotic relationship with Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. This dual-host symbiotic nematode exhibits pathogenic traits, rendering it a promising biocontrol agent against insects. Our prior investigations revealed that Xenorhabdus stockiae HN_xs01, isolated in our laboratory, demonstrates exceptional potential in halting bacterial growth and displaying anti-tumor activity. Subsequently, we separated and purified the supernatant of the HN_xs01 strain and obtained a new compound with significant inhibitory activity on tumor cells, which we named XNAE. Through LC-MS analysis, the mass-to-nucleus ratio of XNAE was determined to be 254.24. Our findings indicated that XNAE exerts a time- and dose-dependent inhibition on B16 and HeLa cells. After 24 h, its IC50 for B16 and HeLa cells was 30.178 µg/mL and 33.015 µg/mL, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed conspicuous damage to subcellular structures, notably mitochondria and the cytoskeleton, resulting in a notable reduction in cell numbers among treated tumor cells. Interestingly, while XNAE exerted a more pronounced inhibitory effect on B16 cells compared to HeLa cells, it showed no discernible impact on HUVEC cells. Treatment of B16 cells with XNAE induced early apoptosis and led to cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase, as evidenced by flow cytometry analysis. The impressive capability of X. stockiae HN_xs01 in synthesizing bioactive secondary metabolites promises to significantly expand the reservoir of natural products. Further exploration to identify the bioactivity of these compounds holds the potential to shed light on their roles in bacteria-host interaction. Overall, these outcomes underscore the promising potential of XNAE as a bioactive compound for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Street, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Street, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Siqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Street, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Street, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Street, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yunjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Street, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Street, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Street, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shengbiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Street, Changsha, 410081, China.
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10
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Kgosiemang JL, Ramakuwela T, Figlan S, Cochrane N. Antifungal Effect of Metabolites from Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:148. [PMID: 38392820 PMCID: PMC10890388 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases such as Fusarium head blight (FHB) are significant biotic stressors, negatively affecting wheat production and quality. This study explored the antifungal activity of the metabolites produced by the bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against FHB-causing Fusarium sp. Fusarium graminearum. To achieve this, the symbiotic bacteria of nine EPN isolates from the EPN collection at the Agricultural Research Council-Small Grains (ARC-SG) were isolated from the cadavers of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae after infection with EPNs. Broth cultures (crude) and their supernatants (filtered and autoclaved) of each bacterial isolate were used as bacterial metabolite treatments to test their inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum. Mycelial growth inhibition rates varied among both bacterial isolates and treatments. Crude metabolite treatments proved to be more effective than filtered and autoclaved metabolite treatments, with an overall inhibition rate of 75.25% compared to 23.93% and 13.32%, respectively. From the crude metabolite treatments, the Xenorhabdus khoisanae SGI 197 bacterial isolate from Steinernema beitlechemi SGI 197 had the highest mean inhibition rate of 96.25%, followed by Photorhabdus luminescens SGI 170 bacteria isolated from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora SGI 170 with a 95.79% mean inhibition rate. The filtered metabolite treatments of all bacterial isolates were tested for their inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum spore germination. Mean spore germination inhibition rates from Xenorhabdus spp. bacterial isolates were higher (83.91 to 96.29%) than those from Photorhabdus spp. (6.05 to 14.74%). The results obtained from this study suggest that EPN symbiotic bacterial metabolites have potential use as biological control agents of FHB. Although field efficacy against FHB was not studied, the significant inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination suggest that the application of these metabolites at the flowering stage may provide protection to plants against infection with or spread of F. graminearum. These metabolites have the potential to be employed as part of integrated pest management (IPM) to inhibit/delay conidia germination until the anthesis (flowering stage) of wheat seedlings has passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Leumo Kgosiemang
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grains, Bethlehem 9701, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grains, Bethlehem 9701, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Sandiswa Figlan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa
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11
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Jin G, Hrithik MTH, Lee DH, Kim IH, Jung JS, Bode HB, Kim Y. Manipulation of GameXPeptide synthetase gene expression by a promoter exchange alters the virulence of an entomopathogenic bacterium, Photorhabdus temperata temperata, by modulating insect immune responses. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1271764. [PMID: 38173677 PMCID: PMC10764021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1271764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An entomopathogenic bacterium, Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata, is mutualistic to its host nematode, Heterorhabditis megidis. The infective juvenile nematodes enter target insects through natural openings and release the symbiotic bacteria into the insect hemocoel. The released bacteria suppress the insect immune responses and cause septicemia through their secondary metabolites. GameXPeptide (GXP) is one of the common secondary metabolites of most Photorhabdus species and is produced by the catalytic activity of a specific non-ribosomal peptide synthetase called GxpS encoded by the gxpS gene. This study confirmed gxpS to be encoded in the P. temperata temperata genome and analyzed its expression during bacterial growth. LC-MS/MS analysis of the bacterial culture broth contained at least four different GXPs (GXP-A to GXP-D), in which GXP-A was the most abundant. To investigate GXP synthesis following gxpS expression, the gxpS promoter of P. temperata temperata was replaced with an inducible arabinose promoter by homologous recombination. The gxpS transcript levels in the mutant were altered by the addition of l-arabinose. Without the inducer, the gxpS transcript level was significantly lower compared to the wild type and produced significantly lower amounts of the four GXPs. The addition of the inducer to the mutant significantly increased gxpS expression and produced significantly higher levels of the four GXPs compared to the wild type. The metabolite extracts obtained from wild-type and mutant bacteria showed differential immunosuppressive activities according to their GXP contents against the cellular and humoral immune responses of a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua. Interestingly, the gxpS-mutant bacteria showed less insecticidal activity compared to the wild type, whereas the addition of GXP to the mutant significantly restored insecticidal activity. These results suggest that the gxpS gene encoded in P. temperata temperata is responsible for the production of at least four different GXPs, which play crucial roles in bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahyeon Jin
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dong-Hee Lee
- Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Helge B. Bode
- Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Phillips Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Phillips Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
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12
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El Fakhouri K, Ramdani C, Aasfar A, Boulamtat R, Sijilmassi B, El Bouhssini M, Kadmiri IM. Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of local entomopathogenic bacteria as biological control agents against the wild cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) on cactus pear in Morocco. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21647. [PMID: 38062128 PMCID: PMC10703873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) cactus, a crucial crop in Morocco, is threatened by the wild cochineal, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell). The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of nine bacterial strains against both D. opuntiae nymphs and adults females applied individually or after black soap in the laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. Using the partial 16S ribosomal DNA, the bacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas koreensis, Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. and Bacillus sp. Under laboratory conditions, the insecticidal activity of P. koreensis strain 66Ms.04 showed the level mortality (88%) of adult females' at 108 CFU/mL, 7 days after application. At a concentration of 108 CFU/mL, P. koreensis strain 66Ms.04 and Pseudomonas sp. (strains 37 and 5) caused 100% nymphs mortality rate three days after application. Under greenhouse conditions, the use of P. koreensis strain 66Ms.04 at 108 CFU/mL following the application of black soap (60 g/L) demonstrated the maximum levels of females and nymphs' mortalities with 80 and 91.25%, respectively, after 8 days of treatment. In field conditions, the combined application of the P. koreensis strain 66Ms.04 at 108 CFU/mL with black soap at 60 g/L, for an interval of 7 days, significantly increased the mortality of adult females to 93.33% at 7 days after the second application. These findings showed that the combined treatment of P. koreensis strain 66Ms.04 with black soap can be a potent and eco-friendly pesticide against D. opuntiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim El Fakhouri
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - Chaimae Ramdani
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Aasfar
- Plant and Microbial Biotechnology center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Rescarch (MAScIR), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Boulamtat
- Entomology Laboratory, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat Institutes, P.O. Box 6299, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Badreddine Sijilmassi
- Rhizobium Laboratory, Genetic Resources Section, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat Institutes, P.O. Box 6299, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mustapha El Bouhssini
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Issam Meftah Kadmiri
- Plant and Microbial Biotechnology center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Rescarch (MAScIR), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
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13
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Spescha A, Zwyssig M, Hess Hermida M, Moix A, Bruno P, Enkerli J, Campos-Herrera R, Grabenweger G, Maurhofer M. When Competitors Join Forces: Consortia of Entomopathogenic Microorganisms Increase Killing Speed and Mortality in Leaf- and Root-Feeding Insect Hosts. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1947-1960. [PMID: 36849610 PMCID: PMC10497674 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Combining different biocontrol agents (BCA) is an approach to increase efficacy and reliability of biological control. If several BCA are applied together, they have to be compatible and ideally work together. We studied the interaction of a previously selected BCA consortium of entomopathogenic pseudomonads (Pseudomonas chlororaphis), nematodes (Steinernema feltiae associated with Xenorhabdus bovienii), and fungi (Metarhizium brunneum). We monitored the infection course in a leaf- (Pieris brassicae) and a root-feeding (Diabrotica balteata) pest insect after simultaneous application of the three BCA as well as their interactions inside the larvae in a laboratory setting. The triple combination caused the highest mortality and increased killing speed compared to single applications against both pests. Improved efficacy against P. brassicae was mainly caused by the pseudomonad-nematode combination, whereas the nematode-fungus combination accelerated killing of D. balteata. Co-monitoring of the three BCA and the nematode-associated Xenorhabdus symbionts revealed that the four organisms are able to co-infect the same larva. However, with advancing decay of the cadaver there is increasing competition and cadaver colonization is clearly dominated by the pseudomonads, which are known for their high competitivity in the plant rhizosphere. Altogether, the combination of the three BCA increased killing efficacy against a Coleopteran and a Lepidopteran pest which indicates that this consortium could be applied successfully against a variety of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Spescha
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Zwyssig
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Hess Hermida
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Group Extension Arable Crops, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Moix
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Bruno
- Division of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürg Enkerli
- Research Group Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Campos-Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Monika Maurhofer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Fodor A, Hess C, Ganas P, Boros Z, Kiss J, Makrai L, Dublecz K, Pál L, Fodor L, Sebestyén A, Klein MG, Tarasco E, Kulkarni MM, McGwire BS, Vellai T, Hess M. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMP) in the Cell-Free Culture Media of Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii Exert Anti-Protist Activity against Eukaryotic Vertebrate Pathogens including Histomonas meleagridis and Leishmania donovani Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1462. [PMID: 37760758 PMCID: PMC10525888 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial peptides provide a powerful toolkit for combating multidrug resistance. Combating eukaryotic pathogens is complicated because the intracellular drug targets in the eukaryotic pathogen are frequently homologs of cellular structures of vital importance in the host organism. The entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB), symbionts of entomopathogenic-nematode species, release a series of non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial peptides. Some may be potential drug candidates. The ability of an entomopathogenic-nematode/entomopathogenic bacterium symbiotic complex to survive in a given polyxenic milieu is a coevolutionary product. This explains that those gene complexes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of different non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial protective peptides (including those that are potently capable of inactivating the protist mammalian pathogen Leishmania donovanii and the gallinaceous bird pathogen Histomonas meleagridis) are co-regulated. Our approach is based on comparative anti-microbial bioassays of the culture media of the wild-type and regulatory mutant strains. We concluded that Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii are excellent sources of non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial peptides that are efficient antagonists of the mentioned pathogens. Data on selective cytotoxicity of different cell-free culture media encourage us to forecast that the recently discovered "easy-PACId" research strategy is suitable for constructing entomopathogenic-bacterium (EPB) strains producing and releasing single, harmless, non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial peptides with considerable drug, (probiotic)-candidate potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter. sétány 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine (Vetmeduni Vienna), 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Petra Ganas
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine (Vetmeduni Vienna), 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Zsófia Boros
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter. sétány 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (T.V.)
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - János Kiss
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | | | - Károly Dublecz
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Deák Ferenc utca 16, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (K.D.); (L.P.)
| | - László Pál
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Deák Ferenc utca 16, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (K.D.); (L.P.)
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Michael G. Klein
- USDA-ARS & Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 13416 Claremont Ave, Cleveland, OH 44130, USA;
| | - Eustachio Tarasco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Manjusha M. Kulkarni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.M.K.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Bradford S. McGwire
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.M.K.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter. sétány 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine (Vetmeduni Vienna), 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.H.); (P.G.)
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15
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Yuan B, Li B, Shen H, Duan J, Jia F, Maimaiti Y, Li Y, Li G. Identification of fabclavine derivatives, Fcl-7 and Fcl-8, from Xenorhabdus budapestensis as major antifungal natural products against Rhizoctonia solani. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad190. [PMID: 37656887 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Black scurf disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a severe soil-borne and tuber-borne disease, which occurs and spreads in potato growing areas worldwide and poses a serious threat to potato production. New biofungicide is highly desirable for addressing the issue, and natural products (NPs) from Xenorhabdus spp. provide prolific resources for biofungicide development. In this study, we aim to identify antifungal NPs from Xenorhabdus spp. for the management of this disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Out of the 22 Xenorhabdus strains investigated, Xenorhabdus budapestensis 8 (XBD8) was determined to be the most promising candidate with the measured IC50 value of its cell-free supernatant against R. solani as low as 0.19 ml l-1. The major antifungal compound in XBD8 started to be synthesized in the middle logarithmic phase and reached a stable level at stationary phase. Core gene deletion coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis determined the major antifungal NPs as fabclavine derivatives, Fcl-7 and 8, which showed broad-spectrum bioactivity against important pathogenic fungi. Impressively, the identified fabclavine derivatives effectively controlled black scurf disease in both greenhouse and field experiments, significantly improving tuber quality and increasing with marketable tuber yield from 29 300 to 35 494 kg ha-1, comparable with chemical fungicide fludioxonil. CONCLUSIONS The fabclavine derivatives Fcl-7 and 8 were determined as the major antifungal NPs in XBD8, which demonstrated a bright prospect for the management of black scurf disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hongfei Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fenglian Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yushanjiang Maimaiti
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research Institute of plant protection Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 83009, China
| | - Yaning Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Machado RAR, Bhat AH, Castaneda-Alvarez C, Askary TH, Půža V, Pagès S, Abolafia J. Xenorhabdus aichiensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus anantnagensis sp. nov., and Xenorhabdus yunnanensis sp. nov., Isolated from Steinernema Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:300. [PMID: 37493817 PMCID: PMC10371910 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Three bacterial strains, XENO-2T, XENO-7T, and XENO-10T, isolated from Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes, were found to represent novel Xenorhabdus species. In this study, we describe these new species by whole-genome and whole-proteome phylogenomic reconstructions, by calculating sequence identity scores using core genome sequences, and by phenotypic characterization. Phylogenomic reconstructions using ribosomal and house-keeping genes, and whole-genome and whole-proteome sequences show that XENO-2T and XENO-10T are closely related to Xenorhabdus japonica DSM 16522T and that XENO-7T is closely related to Xenorhabdus bovienii subsp. africana XENO-1T and to X. bovienii subsp. bovienii T228T. The dDDH values between XENO-2T and XENO-10T and between XENO-2T and X. japonica DSM 16522T are 56.4 and 51.8%, respectively. The dDDH value between XENO-10T and X. japonica DSM 16522T is 53.4%. The dDDH values between XENO-7T and X. bovienii subsp. africana XENO-1T and between XENO-7T and X. bovienii subsp. bovienii T228T are 63.6 and 69.4%, respectively. These dDDH values are below the 70% divergence threshold for prokaryotic species delineation. The newly described species are highly pathogenic to G. mellonella larvae, grow at pH between 5 and 9 (optimum 5-7), at salt concentrations of 1-3% (optimum 1-2%), and temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C). Biochemical tests such as lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, urease, gelatinase, citrate utilization, indole and acetoin production, and cytochrome oxidase tests allow to differentiate the novel species from their more closely related species. Considering these genetic and phenotypic divergencies, we propose the following new species: Xenorhabdus aichiensis sp. nov. with XENO-7T (= CCM 9233T = CCOS 2024T) as the type strain, Xenorhabdus anantnagensis sp. nov., with XENO-2T (= CCM 9237T = CCOS 2023T) as the type strain, and Xenorhabdus yunnanensis sp. nov., with XENO-10T (= CCM 9322T = CCOS 2071T) as the type strain. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships of entomopathogenic bacteria associated with insect parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A R Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Carlos Castaneda-Alvarez
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tarique Hassan Askary
- Division of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Wadura Campus, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vladimir Půža
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Pagès
- INRAe, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus 'Las Lagunillas', Jaén, Spain
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17
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Liao C, Huang R, Yang Y, Huang Y, Zhang K, Ma L, Li T, Wang L, Zhang H, Li B. Effects of insecticidal proteins of Enterobacter cloacae NK on cellular immunity of Galleria mellonella larvae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1154811. [PMID: 37228380 PMCID: PMC10203167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1154811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae produces insecticidal proteins capable of causing toxicity in pests, but the insecticidal mechanisms of these proteins for insect control remain unclear. To elucidate the mechanisms, the purified insecticidal protein from E. cloacae NK was administered to Galleria mellonella larvae either by intraperitoneal injection or by feeding. The number of hemocytes, apoptosis in immune cells, and polyphenol oxidase (PO) activity of G. mellonella larvae were detected by hemocytometer, Annexin V-FITC/PI, and UV-vis spectrophotometer, respectively. With the extension of the invasion time of NK insecticidal protein, the number of hemocytes in G. mellonella larvae decreased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas the apoptosis rate of hemocytes increased. The activity of PO showed a trend of rising-peak-sharp decline and the melanization reaction was deepened simultaneously. Moreover, the phagocytosis and coating capabilities of hemocytes decreased, and the intraperitoneal injection method was more effective than the feeding method. Taking together, the insecticidal protein of E. cloacae NK inhibits and destroys the cellular immune response of G. mellonella larvae, which suggests an important role in killing the host insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Liao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Center of Healthy Food Engineering and Technology of Henan, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Ran Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Yapeng Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Taotao Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Center of Healthy Food Engineering and Technology of Henan, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Lianzhe Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Center of Healthy Food Engineering and Technology of Henan, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Center of Healthy Food Engineering and Technology of Henan, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Center of Healthy Food Engineering and Technology of Henan, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
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18
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Li ET, Wu HJ, Wang ZM, Li KB, Zhang S, Cao YZ, Yin J. PI3K/Akt/CncC signaling pathway mediates the response to EPN-Bt infection in Holotrichia parallela larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1660-1673. [PMID: 36565065 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Heterorhabditis beicherriana LF strain, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) HBF-18 strain is a practical strategy to manage the larvae of Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky (white grubs). However, the mechanisms underlying the larval defense response to this combined biocontrol strategy are unknown. RESULTS The activities of some antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) and some detoxifying enzymes (AChE, P-450, CarE, GST) in grubs showed an activation-inhibition trend throughout the EPN-Bt exposure time course. Eight potentially key antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme genes in response to EPN-Bt infection were identified from the midgut of grubs through RNA sequencing. After silencing CAT, CarE18, and GSTs1, the enzyme activities were significantly decreased by 30.29%, 68.80%, and 34.63%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mortality of grubs was increased by 18.40%, 46.30%, and 42.59% after exposure to EPN-Bt for 1 day. Interestingly, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was significantly enriched in KEGG enrichment analysis, and the expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), cap 'n' collar isoform-C (CncC), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and CarE18 were all up-regulated when exposed to EPN-Bt for 1 day. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated PI3K silencing showed a similar down-regulated trend between PI3K/Akt/CncC and CarE18. Moreover, silencing PI3K rendered grubs more susceptible to EPN-Bt and accelerated symbiotic bacteria multiplication in grubs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the PI3K/Akt/CncC pathway mediates the expression of CarE18 and participates in the defense response of H. parallela larvae against EPN-Bt infection. Our data provide valuable insights into the design of appropriate management strategies for this well-known agricultural pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Zhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Li B, Yuan B, Duan J, Qin Y, Shen H, Ren J, Francis F, Chen M, Li G. Identification of Fcl-29 as an Effective Antifungal Natural Product against Fusarium graminearum and Combinatorial Engineering Strategy for Improving Its Yield. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5554-5564. [PMID: 36995163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, whose occurrence and prevalence causes 10-70% wheat production loss, is one of the most destructive diseases influencing the production of wheat globally. To identify the potential natural products (NPs) against F. graminearum, we screened 59 Xenorhabdus strains and discovered that the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of X. budapestensis 14 (XBD14) displays the highest bioactivity. Multiple genetic methods coupled with HRMS/MS analysis determined the major antifungal NP to be Fcl-29, a fabclavine derivative. Fcl-29 was found to effectively control FHB of wheat in the field test and demonstrated broad-spectrum antifungal activity against important pathogenic fungi. The production of Fcl-29 was dramatically improved by 33.82-fold with the combinatorial strategy of genetic engineering (1.66-fold) and fermentation engineering (20.39-fold). The exploration of a new biofungicide in global plant protection is now possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Baoming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Youcai Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongfei Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Minghua Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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20
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Vicente-Díez I, Pou A, Campos-Herrera R. The deterrent ability of Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus laumondii compounds as a potential novel tool for Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) management. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107911. [PMID: 36921888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a critical pest for vineyards and causes significant economic losses in wine-growing areas worldwide. Identifying and developing novel semiochemical cues (e.g. volatile bacterial compounds) which modify the ovipositional and trophic behaviour of L. botrana in vineyard fields could be a novel control alternative in viticulture. Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. are becoming one of the best-studied bacterial species due to their potential interest in producing toxins and deterrent factors. In this study, we investigated the effect of the deterrent compounds produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus laumondii on the ovipositional moth behaviour and the larval feeding preference of L. botrana. Along with the in-vitro bioassays performed, we screened the potential use of 3 d cell-free bacterial supernatants and 3 and 5 d unfiltered bacterial ferments. In addition, we tested two application systems: (i) contact application of the bacterial compounds and (ii) volatile bacterial compounds application. Our findings indicate that the deterrent effectiveness varied with bacterial species, the use of bacterial cell-free supernatants or unfiltered fermentation product, and the culture times. Grapes soaked in the 3 d X. nematophila and P. laumondii ferments had ∼ 55% and ∼ 95% fewer eggs laid than the control, respectively. Likewise, the volatile compounds emitted by the 5 d P. laumondii fermentations resulted in ∼ 100% avoidance of L. botrana ovipositional activity for three days. Furthermore, both bacterial fermentation products have larval feeding deterrent effects (∼65% of the larva chose the control grapes), and they significantly reduced the severity of damage caused by third instar larva in treated grapes. This study provides insightful information about a novel bacteria-based tool which can be used as an eco-friendly and economical alternative in both organic and integrated control of L. botrana in vineyard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Vicente-Díez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La GRajera, Ctra. Burgos Km. 6 Salida 13 Lo-20, Logroño 26007, Spain
| | - Alicia Pou
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La GRajera, Ctra. Burgos Km. 6 Salida 13 Lo-20, Logroño 26007, Spain
| | - Raquel Campos-Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La GRajera, Ctra. Burgos Km. 6 Salida 13 Lo-20, Logroño 26007, Spain.
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21
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Zhang C, Chen H, Hüttel S, Hu S, Zhang W, Ding X, Yin J, Yin Y, Müller R, Xia L, Zhang Y, Tu Q. A novel tumor-targeting strain of Xenorhabdus stockiae exhibits potent biological activities. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:984197. [PMID: 36159678 PMCID: PMC9490112 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.984197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenorhabdus are symbionts of soil entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Steinernema presenting two distinct forms in their life cycle, and can produce a broad range of bioactive compounds. In this study, a novel Xenorhabdus stockiae strain HN_xs01 was isolated from a soil sample via an entrapment method using Galleria melonella nematodes. The supernatants of strain HN_xs01 exhibited antimicrobial properties against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and insecticidal properties against Helicoverpa armigera larvae, and antitumor properties as well. Moreover, three linear rhabdopeptides (1, 2 and 3) were identified from strain HN_xs01 using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, which exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against the human epithelial carcinoma cell line A431 and the human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. Some bacteria have been reported to colonize the tumor region, and we determined that HN_xs01 could grow in tumor xenografts in this study. HN_xs01 invaded and replicated in B16 melanoma cells grafted into C57BL/6 mice, resulting in tumor inhibition. Moreover, strain HN_xs01 not only merely aggregated in the tumor environment, but also prevented pulmonary metastasis. It caused fragmentation of vessels and cell apoptosis, which contributed to its antitumor effect. In conclusion, X. stockiae HN_xs01 is a novel tumor-targeting strain with potential applications in medicinal and agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanna Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Stephan Hüttel
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Shengbiao Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shengbiao Hu, ; Liqiu Xia, ; Youming Zhang, ; Qiang Tu,
| | - Wangyue Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Liqiu Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shengbiao Hu, ; Liqiu Xia, ; Youming Zhang, ; Qiang Tu,
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Shengbiao Hu, ; Liqiu Xia, ; Youming Zhang, ; Qiang Tu,
| | - Qiang Tu
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Shengbiao Hu, ; Liqiu Xia, ; Youming Zhang, ; Qiang Tu,
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22
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Abd-Elgawad MMM. Xenorhabdus spp.: An Overview of the Useful Facets of Mutualistic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1360. [PMID: 36143397 PMCID: PMC9503066 DOI: 10.3390/life12091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting concern over the misuse of chemical pesticides has sparked broad interest for safe and effective alternatives to control plant pests and pathogens. Xenorhabdus bacteria, as pesticidal symbionts of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema species, can contribute to this solution with a treasure trove of insecticidal compounds and an ability to suppress a variety of plant pathogens. As many challenges face sound exploitation of plant-phytonematode interactions, a full useful spectrum of such interactions should address nematicidal activity of Xenorhabdus. Steinernema-Xenorhabdus complex or Xenorhabdus individually should be involved in mechanisms underlying the favorable side of plant-nematode interactions in emerging cropping systems. Using Xenorhabdus bacteria should earnestly be harnessed to control not only phytonematodes, but also other plant pests and pathogens within integrated pest management plans. This review highlights the significance of fitting Xenorhabdus-obtained insecticidal, nematicidal, fungicidal, acaricidal, pharmaceutical, antimicrobial, and toxic compounds into existing, or arising, holistic strategies, for controlling many pests/pathogens. The widespread utilization of Xenorhabdus bacteria, however, has been slow-going, due to costs and some issues with their commercial processing. Yet, advances have been ongoing via further mastering of genome sequencing, discovering more of the beneficial Xenorhabdus species/strains, and their successful experimentations for pest control. Their documented pathogenicity to a broad range of arthropods and pathogens and versatility bode well for useful industrial products. The numerous beneficial traits of Xenorhabdus bacteria can facilitate their integration with other tactics for better pest/disease management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfouz M M Abd-Elgawad
- Plant Pathology Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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