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Hari A, Doddapaneni TRKC, Kikas T. Common operational issues and possible solutions for sustainable biosurfactant production from lignocellulosic feedstock. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118665. [PMID: 38493851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Surfactants are compounds with high surface activity and emulsifying property. These compounds find application in food, medical, pharmaceutical, and petroleum industries, as well as in agriculture, bioremediation, cleaning, cosmetics, and personal care product formulations. Due to their widespread use and environmental persistence, ensuring biodegradability and sustainability is necessary so as not to harm the environment. Biosurfactants, i.e., surfactants of plant or microbial origin produced from lignocellulosic feedstock, perform better than their petrochemically derived counterparts on the scale of net-carbon-negativity. Although many biosurfactants are commercially available, their high cost of production justifies their application only in expensive pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Besides, the annual number of new biosurfactant compounds reported is less, compared to that of chemical surfactants. Multiple operational issues persist in the biosurfactant value chain. In this review, we have categorized some of these issues based on their relative position in the value chain - hurdles occurring during planning, upstream processes, production stage, and downstream processes - alongside plausible solutions. Moreover, we have presented the available paths forward for this industry in terms of process development and integrated pretreatment, combining conventional tried-and-tested strategies, such as reactor designing and statistical optimization with cutting-edge technologies including metabolic modeling and artificial intelligence. The development of techno-economically feasible biosurfactant production processes would be instrumental in the complete substitution of petrochemical surfactants, rather than mere supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Hari
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.
| | - Tharaka Rama Krishna C Doddapaneni
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Timo Kikas
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
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Nath PC, Sharma R, Debnath S, Nayak PK, Roy R, Sharma M, Inbaraj BS, Sridhar K. Recent advances in production of sustainable and biodegradable polymers from agro-food waste: Applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicines. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129129. [PMID: 38181913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Agro-food waste is a rich source of biopolymers such as cellulose, chitin, and starch, which have been shown to possess excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. These properties make biopolymers from agro-food waste for its application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Thus, this review highlighted the properties, processing methods, and applications of biopolymers derived from various agro-food waste sources. We also highlight recent advances in the development of biopolymers from agro-food waste and their potential for future tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, including drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, biodegradable packaging, excipients, dental applications, diagnostic tools, and medical implants. Additionally, it explores the challenges, prospects, and future directions in this rapidly evolving field. The review showed the evolution of production techniques for transforming agro-food waste into valuable biopolymers. However, these biopolymers serving as the cornerstone in scaffold development and drug delivery systems. With their role in wound dressings, cell encapsulation, and regenerative therapies, biopolymers promote efficient wound healing, cell transplantation, and diverse regenerative treatments. Biopolymers support various regenerative treatments, including cartilage and bone regeneration, nerve repair, and organ transplantation. Overall, this review concluded the potential of biopolymers from agro-food waste as a sustainable and cost-effective solution in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, offering innovative solutions for medical treatments and promoting the advancement of these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Chandra Nath
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India; Department of Applied Biology, University of Science & Technology Meghalaya, Baridua 793101, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India; Department of Food Technology, Shri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, India
| | - Shubhankar Debnath
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar 783370, India
| | - Rupak Roy
- SHRM Biotechnologies Pvt Ltd., Kolkata 700155, India
| | | | | | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India.
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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Kieliszek M. Reprocessing of side-streams towards obtaining valuable bacterial metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2169-2208. [PMID: 36929188 PMCID: PMC10033485 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Every year, all over the world, the industry generates huge amounts of residues. Side-streams are most often used as feed, landfilled, incinerated, or discharged into sewage. These disposal methods are far from perfect. Taking into account the composition of the side-streams, it seems that they should be used as raw materials for further processing, in accordance with the zero-waste policy and sustainable development. The article describes the latest achievements in biotechnology in the context of bacterial reprocessing of residues with the simultaneous acquisition of their metabolites. The article focuses on four metabolites - bacterial cellulose, propionic acid, vitamin B12 and PHAs. Taking into account global trends (e.g. food, packaging, medicine), it seems that in the near future there will be a sharp increase in demand for this type of compounds. In order for their production to be profitable and commercialised, cheap methods of its obtaining must be developed. The article, in addition to obtaining these bacterial metabolites from side-streams, also discusses e.g. factors affecting their production, metabolic pathways and potential and current applications. The presented chapters provide a complete overview of the current knowledge on above metabolites, which can be helpful for the academic and scientific communities and the several industries. KEY POINTS: • The industry generates millions of tons of organic side-streams each year. • Generated residues burden the natural environment. • A good and cost-effective method of side-streams management seems to be biotechnology - reprocessing with the use of bacteria. • Biotechnological disposal of side-streams gives the opportunity to obtain valuable compounds in cheaper ways: BC, PA, vitmain B12, PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Lipińska
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Thomas T, Sudesh K, Bazire A, Elain A, Tan HT, Lim H, Bruzaud S. PHA Production and PHA Synthases of the Halophilic Bacterium Halomonas sp. SF2003. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7010029. [PMID: 32244900 PMCID: PMC7175313 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different tools which can be studied and managed to tailor-make polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and enhance their production, bacterial strain and carbon substrates are essential. The assimilation of carbon sources is dependent on bacterial strain’s metabolism and consequently cannot be dissociated. Both must wisely be studied and well selected to ensure the highest production yield of PHAs. Halomonas sp. SF2003 is a marine bacterium already identified as a PHA-producing strain and especially of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P-3HB) and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (P-3HB-co-3HV). Previous studies have identified different genes potentially involved in PHA production by Halomonas sp. SF2003, including two phaC genes with atypical characteristics, phaC1 and phaC2. At the same time, an interesting adaptability of the strain in front of various growth conditions was highlighted, making it a good candidate for biotechnological applications. To continue the characterization of Halomonas sp. SF2003, the screening of carbon substrates exploitable for PHA production was performed as well as production tests. Additionally, the functionality of both PHA synthases PhaC1 and PhaC2 was investigated, with an in silico study and the production of transformant strains, in order to confirm and to understand the role of each one on PHA production. The results of this study confirm the adaptability of the strain and its ability to exploit various carbon substrates, in pure or mixed form, for PHA production. Individual expression of PhaC1 and PhaC2 synthases in a non-PHA-producing strain, Cupriavidus necator H16 PHB¯4 (DSM 541), allows obtaining PHA production, demonstrating at the same time, functionality and differences between both PHA synthases. All the results of this study confirm the biotechnological interest in Halomonas sp. SF2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Thomas
- Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), EA 3884 Lorient, France;
- Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), 56300 Pontivy, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-661-730-222
| | - Kumar Sudesh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang 11800, Malaysia; (K.S.); (H.T.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Alexis Bazire
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), IUEM, Université de Bretagne-Sud (UBS), EA 3884 Lorient, France;
| | - Anne Elain
- Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), 56300 Pontivy, France;
| | - Hua Tiang Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang 11800, Malaysia; (K.S.); (H.T.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Hui Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang 11800, Malaysia; (K.S.); (H.T.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Stéphane Bruzaud
- Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), EA 3884 Lorient, France;
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Patel A, Karageorgou D, Rova E, Katapodis P, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. An Overview of Potential Oleaginous Microorganisms and Their Role in Biodiesel and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Based Industries. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E434. [PMID: 32204542 PMCID: PMC7143722 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are known to be natural oil producers in their cellular compartments. Microorganisms that accumulate more than 20% w/w of lipids on a cell dry weight basis are considered as oleaginous microorganisms. These are capable of synthesizing vast majority of fatty acids from short hydrocarbonated chain (C6) to long hydrocarbonated chain (C36), which may be saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), depending on the presence and number of double bonds in hydrocarbonated chains. Depending on the fatty acid profile, the oils obtained from oleaginous microorganisms are utilized as feedstock for either biodiesel production or as nutraceuticals. Mainly microalgae, bacteria, and yeasts are involved in the production of biodiesel, whereas thraustochytrids, fungi, and some of the microalgae are well known to be producers of very long-chain PUFA (omega-3 fatty acids). In this review article, the type of oleaginous microorganisms and their expertise in the field of biodiesel or omega-3 fatty acids, advances in metabolic engineering tools for enhanced lipid accumulation, upstream and downstream processing of lipids, including purification of biodiesel and concentration of omega-3 fatty acids are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.P.); (E.R.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Dimitra Karageorgou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; (D.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Emma Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.P.); (E.R.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Petros Katapodis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; (D.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.P.); (E.R.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.P.); (E.R.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.P.); (E.R.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
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A Process Engineering Approach to Improve Production of P(3HB) byCupriavidus necatorfrom Used Cooking Oil. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/2191650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Different feeding strategies, namely, exponential feeding and DO-stat mode, were implemented for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB), byCupriavidus necatorDSM 428 with used cooking oil (UCO) as the sole carbon source. With the exponential feeding strategy, a cell dry mass of 21.3 ± 0.9 g L−1was obtained, with a polymer content of 84.0 ± 4.5 wt.%, giving an overall volumetric productivity of 4.5 ± 0.2 g L−1 day−1. However, the highest P(3HB) volumetric productivity, 12.6 ± 0.8 g L−1 day−1, was obtained when the DO-stat mode was implemented together with the use of ammonium hydroxide for pH control, which served as an additional nitrogen source and allowed to reach higher cell dry mass (7.8 ± 0.6 g L−1). The P(3HB) obtained in all experiments had a high molecular mass, ranging from 0.6 × 105to 2.6 × 105 g mol−1, with low polydispersity indexes of 1.2-1.6. Melting and glass transition temperatures were also similar for the polymer produced with both cultivation strategy, 174°C and 3.0-4.0°C, respectively. The polymer exhibited a crystallinity ranging from 52 to 65%. The DO-stat strategy to feed oil containing substrates as the sole carbon sources was reported for the first time in this study, and the preliminary results obtained show that it is a promising strategy to improve P(3HB) production. Nevertheless, the process requires further optimization in order to make it economically viable.
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Perspectives of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAs) Biopolymer Production Using Indigenous Bacteria: Screening and Characterization. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pagliano G, Ventorino V, Panico A, Pepe O. Integrated systems for biopolymers and bioenergy production from organic waste and by-products: a review of microbial processes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:113. [PMID: 28469708 PMCID: PMC5414342 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, issues concerning the sustainable and harmless disposal of organic solid waste have generated interest in microbial biotechnologies aimed at converting waste materials into bioenergy and biomaterials, thus contributing to a reduction in economic dependence on fossil fuels. To valorize biomass, waste materials derived from agriculture, food processing factories, and municipal organic waste can be used to produce biopolymers, such as biohydrogen and biogas, through different microbial processes. In fact, different bacterial strains can synthesize biopolymers to convert waste materials into valuable intracellular (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates) and extracellular (e.g., exopolysaccharides) bioproducts, which are useful for biochemical production. In particular, large numbers of bacteria, including Alcaligenes eutrophus, Alcaligenes latus, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobacter beijerincki, methylotrophs, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Rhizobium spp., Nocardia spp., and recombinant Escherichia coli, have been successfully used to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates on an industrial scale from different types of organic by-products. Therefore, the development of high-performance microbial strains and the use of by-products and waste as substrates could reasonably make the production costs of biodegradable polymers comparable to those required by petrochemical-derived plastics and promote their use. Many studies have reported use of the same organic substrates as alternative energy sources to produce biogas and biohydrogen through anaerobic digestion as well as dark and photofermentation processes under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, concurrently obtaining bioenergy and biopolymers at a reasonable cost through an integrated system is becoming feasible using by-products and waste as organic carbon sources. An overview of the suitable substrates and microbial strains used in low-cost polyhydroxyalkanoates for biohydrogen and biogas production is given. The possibility of creating a unique integrated system is discussed because it represents a new approach for simultaneously producing energy and biopolymers for the plastic industry using by-products and waste as organic carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pagliano
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Olimpia Pepe
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Biological System as Reactor for the Production of Biodegradable Thermoplastics, Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19347-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Anjum A, Zuber M, Zia KM, Noreen A, Anjum MN, Tabasum S. Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and its copolymers: A review of recent advancements. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:161-74. [PMID: 27126172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditional mineral oil based plastics are important commodity to enhance the comfort and quality of life but the accumulation of these plastics in the environment has become a major universal problem due to their low biodegradation. Solution to the plastic waste management includes incineration, recycling and landfill disposal methods. These processes are very time consuming and expensive. Biopolymers are important alternatives to the petroleum-based plastics due to environment friendly manufacturing processes, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Therefore use of novel biopolymers, such as polylactide, polysaccharides, aliphatic polyesters and polyhydroxyalkanoates is of interest. PHAs are biodegradable polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates (HA) produced from renewable resources by using microorganisms as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds. Even though PHAs are promising candidate for biodegradable polymers, however, the production cost limit their application on an industrial scale. This article provides an overview of various substrates, microorganisms for the economical production of PHAs and its copolymers. Recent advances in PHAs to reduce the cost and to improve the performance of PHAs have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbreen Anjum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | | | - Shazia Tabasum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
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Bhagowati P, Pradhan S, Dash HR, Das S. Production, optimization and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate, a biodegradable plastic by Bacillus spp. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1454-63. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1034651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the intracellular lipid reserve accumulated by many bacteria. The most potent terrestrial bacterium Bacillus cereus SE-1 showed more PHB accumulating cells (22.1 and 40% after 48 and 72 h) than that of the marine Bacillus sp. CS-605 (5 and 33% after 48 and 72 h). Both the isolates harbored phbB gene and the characteristics C=O peak was observed in the extracted PHB by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis. Maltose was found to be the most suitable carbon source for the accumulation of PHB in B. cereus SE-1. The extracted PHB sample from B. cereus SE-1 was blended with a thermoplastic starch (TS) and an increased thermoplasticity and decreased crystallinity were observed after blending in comparison to the standard PHB. The melting temperature (Tm), melting enthalpy (∆Hf), and crystallinity (Xc) of the blended PHB sample were found to be 109.4 °C, 64.58 J/g, and 44.23%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra Bhagowati
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Shreema Pradhan
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Hirak R Dash
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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Conversion of fat-containing waste from the margarine manufacturing process into bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 71:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jeon JM, Brigham CJ, Kim YH, Kim HJ, Yi DH, Kim H, Rha C, Sinskey AJ, Yang YH. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (P(HB-co-HHx)) from butyrate using engineered Ralstonia eutropha. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5461-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Numata K, Doi Y. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanaotes by a novel facultatively anaerobic Vibrio sp. under marine conditions. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:323-331. [PMID: 22068389 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-011-9416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Marine bacteria have recently attracted attention as potentially useful candidates for the production of practical materials from marine ecosystems, including the oceanic carbon dioxide cycle. The advantages of using marine bacteria for the biosynthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA), one of the eco-friendly bioplastics, include avoiding contamination with bacteria that lack salt-water resistance, ability to use filtered seawater as a culture medium, and the potential for extracellular production of PHA, all of which would contribute to large-scale industrial production of PHA. A novel marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain KN01, was isolated and characterized in PHA productivity using various carbon sources under aerobic and aerobic-anaerobic marine conditions. The PHA contents of all the samples under the aerobic-anaerobic condition, especially when using soybean oil as the sole carbon source, were enhanced by limiting the amount of dissolved oxygen. The PHA accumulated using soybean oil as a sole carbon source under the aerobic-anaerobic condition contained 14% 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) and 3% 5-hydroxyvalerate (5HV) units in addition to (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) units and had a molecular weight of 42 × 10³ g/mol. The present result indicates that the activity of the beta-oxidation pathway under the aerobic-anaerobic condition is reduced due to a reduction in the amount of dissolved oxygen. These findings have potential for use in controlling the biosynthesis of long main-chain PHA by regulating the activity of the beta-oxidation pathway, which also could be regulated by varying the dissolved oxygen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Numata
- Enzyme Research Team, RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
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do Carmo FL, dos Santos HF, Martins EF, van Elsas JD, Rosado AS, Peixoto RS. Bacterial structure and characterization of plant growth promoting and oil degrading bacteria from the rhizospheres of mangrove plants. J Microbiol 2011; 49:535-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-0528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rodríguez-Carmona E, Bastida J, Manresa A. Utilization of Agro-industrial Residues for Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2 (NCIMB 40045): Optimization of Culture Medium. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pantazaki AA, Papaneophytou CP, Lambropoulou DA. Simultaneous polyhydroxyalkanoates and rhamnolipids production by Thermus thermophilus HB8. AMB Express 2011; 1:17. [PMID: 21906373 PMCID: PMC3222317 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-1-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Thermus thermophilus HB8 to produce simultaneously two environmentally-friendly biodegradable products, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and rhamnolipids (RLs), using either sodium gluconate or glucose as sole carbon source, was demonstrated. The utilization of sodium gluconate resulted in higher levels of PHAs and RLs production than when glucose was used as sole carbon source. The initial phosphate concentration (as PO43-) influences both PHAs and RLs productions that were increased during cultivation time. PHAs accumulation was enhanced (> 300 mg/L) after 72 h of cultivation in an initial [PO43-] of 25 mM, while RLs production (> 200 mg/L) was started after 35 h and continued until 72 h of cultivation, in a phosphate-limited medium containing initially 5 mM of [PO43-]. In addition, the combine effect of initial [PO43-] and cultivation time on biomass, PHAs and RLs production was evaluated from 2D contour plots. The results revealed that low initial phosphate concentrations (up to 5 mM) and long incubation time (72 h) promoted RLs biosynthesis while higher initial phosphate concentrations (up to 25 mM) where favorable for biomass and PHAs production. The molecular composition of the produced bio-products was identified. The accumulated PHAs were co-polymers which mainly consisted of 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD) as resulted by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The secreted RLs were extracted and their total mixture contained both mono- and di- RLs identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Moreover, the molecular composition of the produced RLs characterized in details by LC-MS analysis showed a plethora of diversity including mono-, and di-RLs, di-rhamno-monolipidic congeners differing in the length of the lipidic chain, which additionally were found to be saturated or unsaturated in some cases.
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Papanikolaou S, Aggelis G. Lipids of oleaginous yeasts. Part II: Technology and potential applications. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Makkar RS, Cameotra SS, Banat IM. Advances in utilization of renewable substrates for biosurfactant production. AMB Express 2011; 1:5. [PMID: 21906330 PMCID: PMC3159906 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties which partition preferentially at the interfaces such as liquid/liquid, gas/liquid or solid/liquid interfaces. Such characteristics enable emulsifying, foaming, detergency and dispersing properties. Their low toxicity and environmental friendly nature and the wide range of potential industrial applications in bioremediation, health care, oil and food processing industries makes them a highly sought after group of chemical compounds. Interest in them has also been encouraged because of the potential advantages they offer over their synthetic counterparts in many fields spanning environmental, food, biomedical, petrochemical and other industrial applications. Their large scale production and application however are currently restricted by the high cost of production and by the limited understanding of their interactions with cells and with the abiotic environment. In this paper, we review the current knowledge and latest advances in the search for cost effective renewable agro industrial alternative substrates for their production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swaranjit S Cameotra
- Scientist F, Fellow AMI, FNABS, NESA Environmentalist, Member WFCC Task Groups, Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- Professor Ibrahim M. Banat BSc PhD CBiol FIBiol, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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Papanikolaou S, Dimou A, Fakas S, Diamantopoulou P, Philippoussis A, Galiotou-Panayotou M, Aggelis G. Biotechnological conversion of waste cooking olive oil into lipid-rich biomass using Aspergillus and Penicillium strains. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:1138-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Simultaneous syntheses of polyhydroxyalkanoates and rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO3924 at various temperatures and from various fatty acids. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Isolation of promising bacterial strains from soil and marine environment for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production utilizing Jatropha biodiesel byproduct. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 47:283-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Yang YH, Brigham CJ, Budde CF, Boccazzi P, Willis LB, Hassan MA, Yusof ZAM, Rha C, Sinskey AJ. Optimization of growth media components for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from organic acids by Ralstonia eutropha. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:2037-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Papanikolaou S, Aggelis G. Yarrowia lipolytica: A model microorganism used for the production of tailor-made lipids. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Koller M, Atlić A, Dias M, Reiterer A, Braunegg G. Microbial PHA Production from Waste Raw Materials. MICROBIOLOGY MONOGRAPHS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03287-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Castilho LR, Mitchell DA, Freire DMG. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from waste materials and by-products by submerged and solid-state fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5996-6009. [PMID: 19581084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are biodegradable polymers produced by prokaryotic organisms from renewable resources. The production of PHAs by submerged fermentation processes has been intensively studied over the last 30 years. In recent years, alternative strategies have been proposed, such as the use of solid-state fermentation or the production of PHAs in transgenic plants. This paper gives an overview of submerged and solid-state fermentation processes used to produce PHAs from waste materials and by-products. The use of these low-cost raw materials has the potential to reduce PHA production costs, because the raw material costs contribute a significant part of production costs in traditional PHA production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda R Castilho
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Chemical Engineering Program, Caixa Postal 68502, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.
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Gasser I, Müller H, Berg G. Ecology and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing microorganisms on and in plants. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 70:142-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Singh AK, Mallick N. Exploitation of inexpensive substrates for production of a novel SCL–LCL-PHA co-polymer by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7925. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 36:347-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marsudi S, Unno H, Hori K. Palm oil utilization for the simultaneous production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 78:955-61. [PMID: 18299827 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct utilization of palm oil for the simultaneous production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and rhamnolipids was demonstrated using Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO3924. By secreted lipase, palm oil was hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids. Fatty acids became favorable carbon sources for cell growth and PHA production via beta-oxidation and glycerol for rhamnolipid production via de novo fatty acid synthesis. Both PHA and rhamnolipid syntheses started after the nitrogen source was exhausted and cell growth ceased. PHA synthesis continued until all fatty acids were exhausted, and at that time, PHA content in the cells reached a maximum, but stopped despite the remaining glycerol (<2g/l). In contrast, rhamnolipid synthesis continued until glycerol was exhausted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidik Marsudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indonesia Institute of Technology, Jalan Raya Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia
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31
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Haba E, Vidal-Mas J, Bassas M, Espuny M, Llorens J, Manresa A. Poly 3-(hydroxyalkanoates) produced from oily substrates by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 (NCBIM 40044): Effect of nutrients and incubation temperature on polymer composition. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fernández D, Rodríguez E, Bassas M, Viñas M, Solanas A, Llorens J, Marqués A, Manresa A. Agro-industrial oily wastes as substrates for PHA production by the new strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 40045: Effect of culture conditions. Biochem Eng J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Thakor N, Trivedi U, Patel KC. Biosynthesis of medium chain length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl-PHAs) by Comamonas testosteroni during cultivation on vegetable oils. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2005; 96:1843-50. [PMID: 16084364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Revised: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Comamonas testosteroni has been studied for its ability to synthesize and accumulate medium chain length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl-PHAs) during cultivation on vegetable oils available in the local market. Castor seed oil, coconut oil, mustard oil, cotton seed oil, groundnut oil, olive oil and sesame oil were supplemented in the mineral medium as a sole source of carbon for growth and PHAs accumulation. The composition of PHAs was analysed by a coupled gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). PHAs contained C6 to C14 3-hydroxy acids, with a strong presence of 3-hydroxyoctanoate when coconut oil, mustard oil, cotton seed oil and groundnut oil were supplied. 3-hydroxydecanoate was incorporated at higher concentrations when castor seed oil, olive oil and sesame oil were the substrates. Purified PHAs samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and 13C NMR analysis. During cultivation on various vegetable oils, C. testosteroni accumulated PHAs up to 78.5-87.5% of the cellular dry material (CDM). The efficiency of the culture to convert oil to PHAs ranged from 53.1% to 58.3% for different vegetable oils. Further more, the composition of the PHAs formed was not found to be substrate dependent as PHAs obtained from C. testosteroni during growth on variety of vegetable oils showed similar compositions; 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid and/or 3-hydroxydecanoic acid being always predominant. The polymerizing system of C. testosteroni showed higher preference for C8 and C10 monomers as longer and smaller monomers were incorporated less efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Thakor
- Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, India
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36
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Lee KM, Gilmore DF. Formulation and process modeling of biopolymer (polyhydroxyalkanoates: PHAs) production from industrial wastes by novel crossed experimental design. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Papanikolaou S, Aggelis G. Selective uptake of fatty acids by the yeastYarrowia lipolytica. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200300858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Overhage J, Steinbüchel A, Priefert H. Biotransformation of eugenol to ferulic acid by a recombinant strain of Ralstonia eutropha H16. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:4315-21. [PMID: 12200281 PMCID: PMC124108 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.9.4315-4321.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene loci ehyAB, calA, and calB, encoding eugenol hydroxylase, coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively, which are involved in the first steps of eugenol catabolism in Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199, were amplified by PCR and combined to construct a catabolic gene cassette. This gene cassette was cloned in the newly designed broad-host-range vector pBBR1-JO2 (pBBR1-JO2ehyABcalAcalB) and transferred to Ralstonia eutropha H16. A recombinant strain of R. eutropha H16 harboring this plasmid expressed functionally active eugenol hydroxylase, coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase. Cells of R. eutropha H16(pBBR1-JO2ehyABcalAcalB) from the late-exponential growth phase were used as biocatalysts for the biotransformation of eugenol to ferulic acid. A maximum conversion rate of 2.9 mmol of eugenol per h per liter of culture was achieved with a yield of 93.8 mol% of ferulic acid from eugenol within 20 h, without further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Overhage
- Institut für Mikrobiologie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Ewering C, Lütke-Eversloh T, Luftmann H, Steinbüchel A. Identification of novel sulfur-containing bacterial polyesters: biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxy-S-propyl-omega-thioalkanoates) containing thioether linkages in the side chains. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2002; 148:1397-1406. [PMID: 11988513 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-148-5-1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the biosynthesis of novel sulfur-containing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which consist exclusively of hydroxypropylthioalkanoic acid containing thioether groups in the side chains. In addition, the utilization of alkylthioalkanoic acids (=thia fatty acids) by various bacteria was investigated. Based on feedings with propylthiooctanoic acid (PTO) or propylthiohexanoic acid, the metabolically engineered PHA-negative mutant PHB(-)4 of Ralstonia eutropha, which harbours plasmid pBBR1::phaC1 expressing the PHA synthase of Pseudomonas mendocina, synthesized two novel poly(3-hydroxy-S-propyl-omega-thioalkanoic) acids [poly(3HPTA)s]. A terpolyester consisting of 3-hydroxypropylthiobutyric acid (3HPTB), 3-hydroxypropylthiohexanoic acid (3HPTHx) and 3-hydroxypropyl- thiooctanoic acid (3HPTO) was synthesized from PTO, whereas a co-polyester of 3HPTB and 3HPTHx was synthesized from propylthiohexanoic acid. Fed-batch fermentation of R. eutropha PHB(-)4(pBBR1::phaC1) on PTO was done on a 26-litre scale, providing a cell density of 7.3 g l(-1), from which 45 g of the novel poly(3HPTB-co-3HPTHx-co-3HPTO) were isolated. The chemical structures of the poly(3HPTA)s were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, elemental sulfur analysis, partial pyrolysis and detailed mass spectrometric analysis, exhibiting 3HPTB, 3HPTHx and 3HPTO as constituents. These novel, hitherto undescribed, constituents of PHAs were randomly distributed in the co-polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ewering
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 3, D-48149 Münster, Germany1
| | - Tina Lütke-Eversloh
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 3, D-48149 Münster, Germany1
| | - Heinrich Luftmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany2
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 3, D-48149 Münster, Germany1
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Rehm BH, Mitsky TA, Steinbüchel A. Role of fatty acid de novo biosynthesis in polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) and rhamnolipid synthesis by pseudomonads: establishment of the transacylase (PhaG)-mediated pathway for PHA biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:3102-9. [PMID: 11425728 PMCID: PMC92987 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.7.3102-3109.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) and rhamnolipids, which contain lipid moieties that are derived from fatty acid biosynthesis, we investigated various fab mutants from P. aeruginosa with respect to biosynthesis of PHAs and rhamnolipids. All isogenic fabA, fabB, fabI, rhlG, and phaG mutants from P. aeruginosa showed decreased PHA accumulation and rhamnolipid production. In the phaG (encoding transacylase) mutant rhamnolipid production was only slightly decreased. Expression of phaG from Pseudomonas putida and expression of the beta-ketoacyl reductase gene rhlG from P. aeruginosa in these mutants indicated that PhaG catalyzes diversion of intermediates of fatty acid de novo biosynthesis towards PHA biosynthesis, whereas RhlG catalyzes diversion towards rhamnolipid biosynthesis. These data suggested that both biosynthesis pathways are competitive. In order to investigate whether PhaG is the only linking enzyme between fatty acid de novo biosynthesis and PHA biosynthesis, we generated five Tn5 mutants of P. putida strongly impaired in PHA production from gluconate. All mutants were complemented by the phaG gene from P. putida, indicating that the transacylase-mediated PHA biosynthesis route represents the only metabolic link between fatty acid de novo biosynthesis and PHA biosynthesis in this bacterium. The transacylase-mediated PHA biosynthesis route from gluconate was established in recombinant E. coli, coexpressing the class II PHA synthase gene phaC1 together with the phaG gene from P. putida, only when fatty acid de novo biosynthesis was partially inhibited by triclosan. The accumulated PHA contributed to 2 to 3% of cellular dry weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Rehm
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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