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Wang J, Yang Z, Zhou X, Waigi MG, Gudda FO, Odinga ES, Mosa A, Ling W. Nitrogen addition enhanced the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dissipation through increasing the abundance of related degrading genes in the soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129034. [PMID: 35525013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soils cause significant threats to human health. Since nitrogen plays a crucial role in controlling microbial composition and functions in terrestrial ecosystems, bio-stimulation based on nitrogen has been used in PAHs contaminated environments remediation. Recent studies show that microbial community composition and organic pollutants dissipation correlate with nitrogen addition. Here, we investigated the effect of nitrogen addition on the abundance of microbial community, degrading genes, and their relationship to PAHs dissipation. After a 32-day experiment, PAHs residues in nitrogen treatment soil were reduced by 23.23%-34.21%. The application of 80 mg·kg-1 nitrate and ammonium nitrogen resulted in higher PAHs removal efficiency, and the dissipation rate of PAHs was 59.61% and 62.09%, respectively. Nitrogen application could improve the abundance and the diversity of soil microbial community. Degrading genes involved in PAH detoxification were enhanced after nitrogen addition, particularly those encoding ring-hydroxylating and catechol dioxygenases such as nahAc and nidA, thus, accelerating PAH dissipation in the soil. The results will facilitate the development of beneficial microbiome-based remediation strategies and improve agricultural production safety in PAHs-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhiyao Yang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Fredrick Owino Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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2
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Premnath N, Mohanrasu K, Guru Raj Rao R, Dinesh GH, Siva Prakash G, Pugazhendhi A, Jeyakanthan J, Govarthanan M, Kumar P, Arun A. Effect of C/N substrates for enhanced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and Poly Cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116035. [PMID: 33581631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) influenced Poly Cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the marine environment. To increase the EPS production by Klebsiella pneumoniae, several physicochemical parameters were tweaked such as different carbon sources (arabinose, glucose, glycerol, lactose, lactic acid, mannitol, sodium acetate, starch, and sucrose at 20 g/L), nitrogen sources (ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate, glycine, potassium nitrate, protease peptone and urea at 2 g/L), different pH, carbon/nitrogen ratio, temperature, and salt concentration were examined. Maximum EPS growth and biodegradation of Anthracene (74.31%), Acenaphthene (67.28%), Fluorene (62.48%), Naphthalene (57.84%), and mixed PAHs (55.85%) were obtained using optimized conditions such as glucose (10 g/L) as carbon source, potassium nitrate (2 g/L) as the nitrogen source at pH 8, growth temperature of 37 °C, 3% NaCl concentration and 72 h incubation period. The Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm architecture was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The present study demonstrates the EPS influenced PAHs degradation of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Premnath
- Department of Energy Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Mohanrasu
- Department of Energy Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Guru Raj Rao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G H Dinesh
- Department of Energy Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Siva Prakash
- Department of Energy Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho, Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - J Jeyakanthan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Arun
- Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Halecky M, Rousova J, Paca J, Kozliak E, Seames W, Jones K. Biofiltration of gasoline and diesel aliphatic hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2015; 65:133-144. [PMID: 25947049 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.980016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a biofilm to switch between the mixtures of mostly aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons was investigated to assess biofiltration efficiency and potential substrate interactions. A switch from gasoline, which consisted of both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, to a mixture of volatile diesel n-alkanes resulted in a significant increase in biofiltration efficiency, despite the lack of readily biodegradable aromatic hydrocarbons in the diesel mixture. This improved biofilter performance was shown to be the result of the presence of larger size (C₉-C(12)) linear alkanes in diesel, which turned out to be more degradable than their shorter-chain (C₆-C₈) homologues in gasoline. The evidence obtained from both biofiltration-based and independent microbiological tests indicated that the rate was limited by biochemical reactions, with the inhibition of shorter chain alkane biodegradation by their larger size homologues as corroborated by a significant substrate specialization along the biofilter bed. These observations were explained by the lack of specific enzymes designed for the oxidation of short-chain alkanes as opposed to their longer carbon chain homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Halecky
- a Institute of Chemical Technology , Prague , Czech Republic
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Gomes LC, Moreira JMR, Teodósio JS, Araújo JDP, Miranda JM, Simões M, Melo LF, Mergulhão FJ. 96-well microtiter plates for biofouling simulation in biomedical settings. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:535-46. [PMID: 24684538 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.890713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microtiter plates with 96 wells are routinely used in biofilm research mainly because they enable high-throughput assays. These platforms are used in a variety of conditions ranging from static to dynamic operation using different shaking frequencies and orbital diameters. The main goals of this work were to assess the influence of nutrient concentration and flow conditions on biofilm formation by Escherichia coli in microtiter plates and to define the operational conditions to be used in order to simulate relevant biomedical scenarios. Assays were performed in static mode and in incubators with distinct orbital diameters using different concentrations of glucose, peptone and yeast extract. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the flow inside the wells for shaking frequencies ranging from 50 to 200 rpm and orbital diameters from 25 to 100 mm. Higher glucose concentrations enhanced adhesion of E. coli in the first 24 h, but variation in peptone and yeast extract concentration had no significant impact on biofilm formation. Numerical simulations indicate that 96-well microtiter plates can be used to simulate a variety of biomedical scenarios if the operating conditions are carefully set.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Gomes
- a LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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5
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Halecky M, Paca J, Kozliak EI. Preferences in removal of aliphatic and aromatic gasoline components by biofiltration under varied loading. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:997-1007. [PMID: 22486669 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.667313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Removal of gasoline vapors from waste air was investigated in a bench-scale perlite biofilter for three aromatic-to-aliphatic mass ratios (62/38, 92/8 and 44/56) under different loads, varied by changing both the substrate inlet concentration and air flow rate. The measurement of concentration profiles along the bed height allowed for an assessment of interactions between the aromatic and aliphatic fractions of gasoline. Variations in both the inlet concentrations and empty bed residence time significantly influenced the removal of aliphatic gasoline components. Except for the lowest organic loads, the whole biofilter bed was required for achieving an acceptable removal efficiency of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The presence of large amounts of aromatics negatively impacted the removal of aliphatics. By contrast, the aromatic gasoline components were near-completely removed from any mixtures; the bulk of them were degraded in the first (out of three) biofilter section, even at high concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The observed effect was shown to be due to competitive interactions of aliphatic and aromatic components, which is consistent with the biological steps being rate limiting. Mass transfer, particularly for aliphatic components due to their high Henry's law constants, was shown to be rate-limiting under extreme scenarios, such as low loading rates and EBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Halecky
- University of North Dakota, Department of Chemistry, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
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Avalos Ramirez A, Peter Jones J, Heitz M. Control of methanol vapours in a biotrickling filter: performance analysis and experimental determination of partition coefficient. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1573-1581. [PMID: 18977135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methanol vapours were treated in a biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with inert polypropylene spheres. The effects of the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution, the empty bed residence time (EBRT) and the methanol inlet concentration, on the BTF performance, were all examined. The elimination capacity (EC), the biomass and the carbon dioxide production rates were all increased with the rising of the nitrogen concentration and the EBRT. The EC also rose with increasing methanol inlet load (IL) when the methanol inlet concentration and the EBRT were varied, from 0.3 to 37.0 g m(-3), and from 20 to 65 s, respectively. The BTF reached its maximum EC level of 2160 g m(-3) h(-1) when it was operated at an IL level of 3700 g m(-3) h(-1). The input methanol was removed through two mechanisms: biodegradation and absorption in the liquid phase. The partition coefficient for the methanol in the BTF was determined at five EBRTs and along the packed bed. It generally followed the Henry model, having an average value of 2.64 x 10(-4)[mol L(-1)](gas)/[mol L(-1)](liquid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Avalos Ramirez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke 2500, Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K2R1
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7
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Mathur AK, Majumder CB, Chatterjee S. Combined removal of BTEX in air stream by using mixture of sugar cane bagasse, compost and GAC as biofilter media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 148:64-74. [PMID: 17397996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 02/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofiltration of air stream containing mixture of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and o-xylene (BTEX) has been studied in a lab-scale biofilter packed with a mixture of compost, sugar cane bagasse and granulated activated carbon (GAC) in the ratio 55:30:15 by weight. Microbial acclimation was achieved in 30 days by exposing the system to average BTEX inlet concentration of 0.4194 gm(-3) at an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 2.3 min. Biofilter achieved maximum removal efficiency more than 99% of all four compounds for throughout its operation at an EBRT of 2.3 min for an inlet concentration of 0.681 gm(-3), which is quite significance than the values reported in the literature. The results indicate that when the influent BTEX loadings were less than 68 gm(-3)h(-1) in the biofilter, nearly 100% removal could be achieved. A maximum elimination capacity (EC) of 83.65 gm(-3)h(-1) of the biofilter was obtained at inlet BTEX load of 126.5 gm(-3)h(-1) in phase IV. Elimination capacities of BTEX increased with the increase in influent VOC loading, but an opposite trend was observed for the removal efficiency. The production of CO(2) in each phase (gm(-3)h(-1)) was also observed at steady state (i.e. at maximum removal efficiency). Moreover, the high concentrations of nitrogen in the nutrient solution may adversely affect the microbial activity possibly due to the presence of high salt concentrations. Furthermore, an attempt was also made to isolate the most profusely grown BTEX-degrading strain. A Gram-positive strain had a high BTEX-degrading activity and was identified as Bacillus sphaericus by taxonomical analysis, biochemical tests and 16S rDNA gene analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Mathur
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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8
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Volke-Sepúlveda T, Gutiérrez-Rojas M, Favela-Torres E. Biodegradation of high concentrations of hexadecane by Aspergillus niger in a solid-state system: kinetic analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2006; 97:1583-91. [PMID: 16153825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Revised: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state microcosms were used to assess the influence of constant and variable C/N ratios on the biodegradation efficiency by Aspergillus niger at high hexadecane (HXD) concentrations (180-717 mg g-1). With a constant C/N ratio, 100% biodegradation (33-44% mineralization) was achieved after 15 days, at rates increasing as the HXD concentration increased. Biomass yields (YX/S) remained almost independent (approximately 0.77) of the carbon-source amount, while the specific growth rates (mu) decreased with increasing concentrations of HXD. With C/N ratios ranging from 29 to 115, complete degradation was only attained at 180 mg g-1, corresponding to 46% mineralization. YX/S diminished (approximately 0.50 units) as the C/N ratio increased. The highest values of mu (1.08 day-1) were obtained at low C/N values. Our results demonstrate that, under balanced nutritional conditions, high HXD concentrations can be completely degraded in solid-state microcosms, with a negligible (<10%) formation of by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Volke-Sepúlveda
- Centro Nacional de Investigación y Capacitación Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, 09340, D.F. Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Kan E, Deshusses MA. Continuous operation of foamed emulsion bioreactors treating toluene vapors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 92:364-71. [PMID: 16041806 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Continuous operation of a new bioreactor for air pollution control called the foamed emulsion bioreactor (FEBR) has been investigated. The effect of several liquid feeding strategies was explored. The FEBR exhibited high and steady toluene removal performance (removal efficiency of 89%-94%, elimination capacity of 214-226 g/m3h at toluene inlet concentration of 1 g/m3) for up to 360 h, when 20% of the culture was replaced every 24 h by a nutrient solution containing 4 g/L of potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source. This feeding mode supported a high cell activity measured as INT reduction potential and active cell growth without being subject to nitrogen limitation. In comparison, operating the FEBR with the liquid in a closed loop (i.e., batch) resulted in a significant decrease of both the removal efficiency of toluene and INT reduction activity. Operation with feeding active cells resulted in stable and effective treatment, but would require a significant effort for mass culture preparation. Therefore, the continuous process with periodically feeding nutrients was found to be the most practical and effective operating mode. It also allows for stable operation, as was shown during removal of low concentration of toluene or after pollutant starvation. Throughout the study, INT reduction measurements provided insight into the process. INT reduction activity data proved that under normal operating conditions, the FEBR performance was limited by both the kinetics and by mass transfer. Overall, the results illustrate that engineered gas-phase bioreactors can potentially be more effective than conventional biofilters and biotrickling filters for the treatment of air pollutants such as toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsung Kan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Abstract
The effect of media nitrogen levels on biofilter performance was investigated in a lab-scale biofilter treating toluene and p-xylene. Nitrogen utilization rates and the quantity of nitrogen recycled to meet microbial demand in the biofilm were estimated using a nitrogen balance approach. Experimental data imply that overall biofilter performance was a strong function of normalized nitrogen levels in the synthetic media. The biodegradation of p-xylene was found to be more sensitive to media nitrogen levels than was the degradation of toluene. However, increasing the nitrogen supply improved both toluene (>99%) and p-xylene removal efficiencies (>90%). Nitrogen balance calculations indicate that substantial recycling of nitrogen occurred in the biofilm even under nitrogen-rich conditions. The fraction of nitrogen demand met by recycling nitrogen increased when the external supply of nitrogen was terminated, and the biofilm became nitrogen limited. However, to avoid severe nitrogen limitation conditions, an external nitrogen source must be provided to sustain high pollutant removals in the biofilter.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiHyeon Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Kwangjin-gu, 143-747 Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have a number of advantages for treating wastewater containing large quantities of BOD. This paper reviews the inherent advantages of an MBR, which include high potential biomass loadings, lower sludge yields, and retention of specialized organisms that may not settle well in clarifiers. A major problem in effluent treatment occurs when mixed inorganic and organic wastes occur with high concentrations of pollutants. Inorganics that might cause extremes of pH and/or salinity will inhibit microbial growth and only specialized organisms can survive under these conditions. Refractory organics are only biodegraded with difficulty by specialized organisms, which usually do not resist the extreme inorganic environments. The use of membrane bioreactors to help separate the micro-organisms from the inorganic compounds, yet permit the organics to permeate, has been developed in two different designs that are outlined in this paper. The use of membrane contactors in a multimembrane stripping system to treat acidic chlorinated wastes is proposed and discussed.
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Delhoménie MC, Bibeau L, Gendron J, Brzezinski R, Heitz M. Toluene Removal by Biofiltration: Influence of the Nitrogen Concentration on Operational Parameters. Ind Eng Chem Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0011270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Caroline Delhoménie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Louise Bibeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Julie Gendron
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Ryszard Brzezinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Michèle Heitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
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