1
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In an effort to mitigate COVID-19 related challenges for clinical research, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued new guidance for the conduct of 'virtual' clinical trials in late March 2020. This study documents trends in the use of connected digital products (CDPs), tools that enable remote patient monitoring and telehealth consultation, in clinical trials both before and after the onset of the pandemic. DESIGN We applied a comprehensive text search algorithm to clinical trial registry data to identify trials that use CDPs for remote monitoring or telehealth. We compared CDP use in the months before and after the issuance of FDA guidance facilitating virtual clinical trials. SETTING All trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with start dates from May 2019 through February 2021. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the overall percentage of CDP use in clinical trials started in the 10 months prior to the pandemic onset (May 2019-February 2020) compared with the 10 months following (May 2020-February 2021). Secondary outcome measures included CDP usage by trial type (interventional, observational), funder type (industry, non-industry) and diagnoses (COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 participants). RESULTS CDP usage in clinical trials increased by only 1.65 percentage points, from 14.19% (n=23 473) of all trials initiated in the 10 months prior to the pandemic onset to 15.84% (n=26 009) of those started in the 10 months following (p<0.01). The increase occurred primarily in observational studies and non-industry funded trials and was driven entirely by CDP usage in trials for COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in the short-term, new options created by regulatory guidance to stimulate telehealth and remote monitoring were not widely incorporated into clinical research. In the months immediately following the pandemic onset, CDP adoption increased primarily in observational and non-industry funded studies where virtual protocols are likely medically necessary due to the participants' COVID-19 diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marra
- Interfaculty Initiative in Health Care Policy, Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William J Gordon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Personalized Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ariel Dora Stern
- Technology and Operations Management, Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Female mosquitoes need a blood meal to reproduce, and in obtaining this essential nutrient they transmit deadly pathogens. Although crucial for the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, blood feeding remains poorly understood due to technological limitations. Indeed, studies often expose human subjects to assess biting behavior. Here, we present the biteOscope, a device that attracts mosquitoes to a host mimic which they bite to obtain an artificial blood meal. The host mimic is transparent, allowing high-resolution imaging of the feeding mosquito. Using machine learning, we extract detailed behavioral statistics describing the locomotion, pose, biting, and feeding dynamics of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles stephensi, and Anopheles coluzzii. In addition to characterizing behavioral patterns, we discover that the common insect repellent DEET repels Anopheles coluzzii upon contact with their legs. The biteOscope provides a new perspective on mosquito blood feeding, enabling the high-throughput quantitative characterization of this lethal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix JH Hol
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRSParisFrance
- Center for research and Interdisciplinarity, U1284 INSERM, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vardaki MZ, Devine DV, Serrano K, Simantiris N, Blades MW, Piret JM, Turner RFB. Defocused Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy in Media of Different Optical Properties for Biomedical Applications Using a Commercial Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy Device. Appl Spectrosc 2020; 74:223-232. [PMID: 31617382 DOI: 10.1177/0003702819884625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show how defocused spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) can be employed to recover chemical information from media of biomedical significance within sealed plastic transfusion and culture bags using a commercial SORS instrument. We demonstrate a simple approach to recover subsurface spectral information through a transparent barrier by optimizing the spatial offset of the defocused beam. The efficiency of the measurements is assessed in terms of the SORS ratio and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) through a simple manual approach and an ordinary least squares model. By comparing the results for three different biological samples (red blood cell concentrate, pooled red cell supernatant and a suspension of Jurkat cells), we show that there is an optimum value of the offset parameter which yields the maximum S/N depending on the barrier material and optical properties of the ensemble contents. The approach was developed in the context of biomedical applications but is generally applicable to any three-layer system consisting of turbid content between transparent thin plastic barriers (i.e., front and back bag surfaces), particularly where the analyte of interest is dilute or not a strong scatterer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Z Vardaki
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dana V Devine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katherine Serrano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nikolaos Simantiris
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael W Blades
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James M Piret
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robin F B Turner
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuiper OX, Bos JE, Diels C, Cammaerts K. Moving base driving simulators' potential for carsickness research. Appl Ergon 2019; 81:102889. [PMID: 31422261 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether motion sickness analogous to carsickness can be studied in a moving base simulator, despite the limited motion envelope. Importantly, to avoid simulator sickness, vision outside the simulator cabin was restricted. Participants (N = 16) were exposed blindfolded to 15-min lateral sinusoidal motion at 0.2 Hz and 0.35 Hz on separate days. These conditions were selected to realize optimal provocativeness of the stimulus given the simulator's maximum displacement and knowledge on frequency-acceleration interactions for motion sickness. Average motion sickness on an 11-point scale was 2.21 ± 1.97 for 0.2 Hz and 1.93 ± 1.94 for 0.35 Hz. The motion sickness increase over time was comparable to that found in studies using actual vehicles. We argue that motion base simulators can be used to incite motion sickness analogous to carsickness, provided considerable restrictions on vision. Future research on carsickness, potentially more prevalent in autonomous vehicles, could benefit from employing simulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ouren X Kuiper
- VU University, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jelte E Bos
- VU University, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; TNO Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, Soesterberg, the Netherlands
| | - Cyriel Diels
- Coventry University, Centre for Mobility and Transport, Coventry, UK
| | - Kia Cammaerts
- Ansible Motion, Hethel Engineering Centre, Hethel, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Melo-Martín I. The commercialization of the biomedical sciences: (mis)understanding bias. Hist Philos Life Sci 2019; 41:34. [PMID: 31485872 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-019-0274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing commercialization of scientific research has raised important concerns about industry bias. According to some evidence, so-called industry bias can affect the integrity of the science as well as the direction of the research agenda. I argue that conceptualizing industry's influence in scientific research in terms of bias is unhelpful. Insofar as industry sponsorship negatively affects the integrity of the research, it does so through biasing mechanisms that can affect any research independently of the source of funding. Talk about industry bias thus offers no insight into the particular epistemic shortcomings at stake. If the concern is with the negative effects that industry funding can have on the research agenda, conceptualizing this influence as bias obscures the ways in which such impact is problematic and limits our ability to offer solutions that can successfully address the concerns raised by the growing role of private funding in science.
Collapse
|
6
|
Luna Puerta L, Apfelbacher C, Smith H. Proliferation of the WReN spider, an instrument to measure health professionals' experience of research: a bibliographic study. BMC Med Educ 2019; 19:255. [PMID: 31288819 PMCID: PMC6617600 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1997 the "Wessex Research Network (WReN) Spider" was developed and validated to assess the research experience of general practice based researchers. This bibliometric study traces the use and development of this instrument over 15 years. METHODS We performed a bibliographic search to identify all the citations of the original article since 2002. RESULTS Thirty one relevant papers were found. Publications were classified according to whether they used (N = 18) or cited (N = 13) the WReN Spider. The majority of these papers came from Australia (N = 18) and 10 papers focussed on the research training of Allied Health Professionals. The WReN Spider was used in 12 studies to assess baseline experience before a training intervention or to compare before and after training scores. The WReN Spider was often (N = 9) modified to additionally assess interest, confidence or interest in up-skilling in each of its 10 limbs. It was also often (N = 14) used in tandem with open ended questions to gain a more detailed understanding of people's research skills, or with additional questions focussing on the research context, culture and team. None of the papers confirmed the validation of the WReN Spider, although it was applied in contexts that differed from the one in which it was developed. CONCLUSIONS The WReN Spider continues to be used to measure the research experience of health care practitioners, but it is frequently enhanced with other questions to look at the wider issues of research success, including collaborators, resource and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Luna Puerta
- Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Medical Sociology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Economics, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Helen Smith
- Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
: The accurate assessment of sleep is critical to better understand and evaluate its role in health and disease. The boom in wearable technology is part of the digital health revolution and is producing many novel, highly sophisticated and relatively inexpensive consumer devices collecting data from multiple sensors and claiming to extract information about users' behaviors, including sleep. These devices are now able to capture different biosignals for determining, for example, HR and its variability, skin conductance, and temperature, in addition to activity. They perform 24/7, generating overwhelmingly large data sets (big data), with the potential of offering an unprecedented window on users' health. Unfortunately, little guidance exists within and outside the scientific sleep community for their use, leading to confusion and controversy about their validity and application. The current state-of-the-art review aims to highlight use, validation and utility of consumer wearable sleep-trackers in clinical practice and research. Guidelines for a standardized assessment of device performance is deemed necessary, and several critical factors (proprietary algorithms, device malfunction, firmware updates) need to be considered before using these devices in clinical and sleep research protocols. Ultimately, wearable sleep technology holds promise for advancing understanding of sleep health; however, a careful path forward needs to be navigated, understanding the benefits and pitfalls of this technology as applied in sleep research and clinical sleep medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova,
Padova, Italy
| | - Aimee Goldstone
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park,
CA, US
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park,
CA, US
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of
Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park,
CA, US
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology,
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hansen JW, Swartz EM, Cleveland JD, Asif SM, Brooks B, Braaten BD, Ewert DL. A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Radio Frequency Exposure Methods. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2019; 13:340-351. [PMID: 30998481 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2019.2912023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, interest in the effects of radio frequency (RF) on biological systems has increased and is partially due to the advancements and increased implementations of RF into technology. As research in this area has progressed, the reliability and reproducibility of the experiments has not crossed multidisciplinary boundaries. Therefore, as researchers, it is imperative to understand the various exposure systems available as well as the aspects, both electromagnetic and biological, needed to produce a sound exposure experiment. This systematic review examines common RF exposure methods for both in vitro and in vivo studies. For in vitro studies, possible biological limitations are emphasized. The validity of the examined methods, for both in vitro and in vivo, are analyzed by considering the advantages and disadvantages of each. This review offers guidance for researchers to assist in the development of an RF exposure experiment that crosses current multidisciplinary boundaries.
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kurosh Ameri
- From Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (K.A., R.S., Y.Y.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (K.A., Y.Y.), and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research (K.A., Y.Y.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (R.S.)
| | - Raffi Samurkashian
- From Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (K.A., R.S., Y.Y.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (K.A., Y.Y.), and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research (K.A., Y.Y.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (R.S.)
| | - Yerem Yeghiazarians
- From Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (K.A., R.S., Y.Y.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (K.A., Y.Y.), and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research (K.A., Y.Y.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (R.S.).
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Chia Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Md Mohaimenul Islam
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Jack Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Chair, Dept. of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Riffenburg KM, Spartano NL. Physical activity and weight maintenance: the utility of wearable devices and mobile health technology in research and clinical settings. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2018; 25:310-314. [PMID: 30063553 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The integration of wearable devices and mobile health (mHealth) technology to facilitate behavior change has the potential to transform the efficacy of interventions and implementation programs for weight maintenance. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the overall utility of wearable devices for assessing and promoting weight maintenance in research and clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS Recent intervention trials using wearable devices have been successful in increasing physical activity and decreasing or maintaining body weight, but complex study designs involving multiple behavioral strategies make it difficult to assess whether wearable devices can independently influence weight status. The daily feedback that wearable devices and mHealth technology provide may assist in motivating higher levels of physical activity achievement. However, the integration of wearable devices into the healthcare setting and implementation of mHealth programs still need to be tested. SUMMARY Recent studies add concrete implications for providers and researchers to better assess and promote physical activity in healthcare settings by identifying how wearable devices can be advantageous for physical activity and health promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole L Spartano
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Larue GS, Wullems C, Sheldrake M, Rakotonirainy A. Validation of a Driving Simulator Study on Driver Behavior at Passive Rail Level Crossings. Hum Factors 2018; 60:743-754. [PMID: 30016120 DOI: 10.1177/0018720818783507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The behavioral validation of an advanced driving simulator for its use in evaluating passive level crossing countermeasures was performed for stopping compliance and speed profile. BACKGROUND Despite the fact that most research on emerging interventions for improving level crossing safety is conducted in a driving simulator, no study has validated the use of a simulator for this type of research. METHOD We monitored driver behavior at a selected passive level crossing in the Brisbane region in Australia for 3 months ( N = 916). The level crossing was then replicated in an advanced driving simulator, and we familiarized participant drivers ( N = 54) with traversing this crossing, characterized by low road and rail traffic. RESULTS We established relative validity for the stopping compliance and the approach speed. CONCLUSION This validation study suggests that driving simulators are an appropriate tool to study the effects of interventions at passive level crossing with low road and rail traffic, which are prone to reduced compliance due to familiarity. APPLICATION This study also provides support for the findings of previous driving simulator studies conducted to evaluate compliance and approach speeds of passive level crossings.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bergenholtz C, MacAulay SC, Kolympiris C, Seim I. Transparency on scientific instruments. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e45853. [PMID: 29789385 PMCID: PMC5989778 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists and commercial scientific instrument makers have a shared incentive against discloseing an instrument maker's contributions to research. Stricter rules to encourage reporting of such collaboration would help to improve transparency and reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bergenholtz
- Department of ManagementSchool of Business and Social SciencesAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Samuel C MacAulay
- UTS Business SchoolUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Inge Seim
- School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baeza A, Vallet-Regí M. Nanomotors for Nucleic Acid, Proteins, Pollutants and Cells Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1579. [PMID: 29799489 PMCID: PMC6032312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of nanomachines able to operate at the nanoscale, performing complex tasks such as drug delivery, precision surgery, or cell detection, constitutes one of the most important challenges in nanotechnology. The principles that rule the nanoscale are completely different from the ones which govern the macroscopic world and, therefore, the collaboration of scientists with expertise in different fields is required for the effective fabrication of these tiny machines. In this review, the most recent advances carried out in the synthesis and application of nanomachines for diagnosis applications will be presented in order to provide a picture of their potential in the detection of important biomolecules or pathogens in a selective and controlled manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Baeza
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wade A. Power and precision in research. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103:280-284. [PMID: 29089316 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-311290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
The diversity and huge omics data take biology and biomedicine research and application into a big data era, just like that popular in human society a decade ago. They are opening a new challenge from horizontal data ensemble (e.g., the similar types of data collected from different labs or companies) to vertical data ensemble (e.g., the different types of data collected for a group of person with match information), which requires the integrative analysis in biology and biomedicine and also asks for emergent development of data integration to address the great changes from previous population-guided to newly individual-guided investigations.Data integration is an effective concept to solve the complex problem or understand the complicate system. Several benchmark studies have revealed the heterogeneity and trade-off that existed in the analysis of omics data. Integrative analysis can combine and investigate many datasets in a cost-effective reproducible way. Current integration approaches on biological data have two modes: one is "bottom-up integration" mode with follow-up manual integration, and the other one is "top-down integration" mode with follow-up in silico integration.This paper will firstly summarize the combinatory analysis approaches to give candidate protocol on biological experiment design for effectively integrative study on genomics and then survey the data fusion approaches to give helpful instruction on computational model development for biological significance detection, which have also provided newly data resources and analysis tools to support the precision medicine dependent on the big biomedical data. Finally, the problems and future directions are highlighted for integrative analysis of omics big data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Tian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy Science, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Masis N, McCaffrey J, Johnson SL, Chapman-Novakofski K. Design and Evaluation of a Training Protocol for a Photographic Method of Visual Estimation of Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Kindergarten Through Second-Grade Students. J Nutr Educ Behav 2017; 49:346-351.e1. [PMID: 28258818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design a replicable training protocol for visual estimation of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake of kindergarten through second-grade students through digital photography of lunch trays that results in reliable data for FV served and consumed. METHODS Protocol development through literature and researcher input was followed by 3 laboratory-based trainings of 3 trainees. Lunchroom data collection sessions were done at 2 elementary schools for kindergarten through second-graders. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used. RESULTS By training 3, ICC was substantial for amount of FV served and consumed (0.86 and 0.95, respectively; P < .05). The ICC was moderate for percentage of fruits consumed (0.67; P = .06). In-school estimates for ICCs were all significant for amounts served at school 1 and percentage of FV consumed at both schools. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The protocol resulted in reliable estimation of combined FV served and consumed using digital photography. The ability to estimate FV intake accurately will benefit intervention development and evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Masis
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
| | - Jennifer McCaffrey
- Office of Extension and Outreach, University of Illinois Extension, Urbana, IL
| | - Susan L Johnson
- Children's Eating Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shaffer TM, Pratt EC, Grimm J. Utilizing the power of Cerenkov light with nanotechnology. Nat Nanotechnol 2017; 12:106-117. [PMID: 28167827 PMCID: PMC5540309 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic blue glow of Cerenkov luminescence (CL) arises from the interaction between a charged particle travelling faster than the phase velocity of light and a dielectric medium, such as water or tissue. As CL emanates from a variety of sources, such as cosmic events, particle accelerators, nuclear reactors and clinical radionuclides, it has been used in applications such as particle detection, dosimetry, and medical imaging and therapy. The combination of CL and nanoparticles for biomedicine has improved diagnosis and therapy, especially in oncological research. Although radioactive decay itself cannot be easily modulated, the associated CL can be through the use of nanoparticles, thus offering new applications in biomedical research. Advances in nanoparticles, metamaterials and photonic crystals have also yielded new behaviours of CL. Here, we review the physics behind Cerenkov luminescence and associated applications in biomedicine. We also show that by combining advances in nanotechnology and materials science with CL, new avenues for basic and applied sciences have opened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis M. Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Edwin C. Pratt
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to J.G.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nimunkar AJ, Chun KS, Phung N, Wreksoatmodjo K, Yen TY, Radwin RG. Reducing thumb extensor risk in laboratory rat gavage. Appl Ergon 2017; 58:151-155. [PMID: 27633208 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gavage is a common technique for orally administering compounds to small laboratory animals using a syringe. It involves highly repetitive thumb extensor exertions for filling the syringe, a risk factor for DeQuervain's tenosynovitis. As an intervention, a series of bench tests were performed varying fluid viscosity, syringe size and needle size to determine the forces required for drawing fluid. Forces up to 28 N were observed for a viscosity of 0.29 Pa s. A guide is presented to minimize thumb forces for a particular combination of syringe (3 mL, 5 mL and 10 mL), fluid viscosity (0.001 Pa s, 0.065 Pa s, 0.21 and 0.29 Pa s), and needle length (52 mm, 78 mm and 100 mm) based on maximum acceptable exertion levels. In general, a small syringe and large needle size had a greater number of acceptable rat gavages per day due to the lower forces experienced as compared to all other syringe and needle combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit J Nimunkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Keum San Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ngoc Phung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kevin Wreksoatmodjo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas Y Yen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Robert G Radwin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Foster KR, Skufca J. The Problem of False Discovery: Many Scientific Results Can't Be Replicated, Leading to Serious Questions about What's True and False in the World of Research. IEEE Pulse 2016; 7:37-40. [PMID: 26978851 DOI: 10.1109/mpul.2015.2513726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Is there a Cheshire Cat in science? One might believe so, given the many published scientific discoveries that cannot be independently reproduced. The ?replication crisis? in science has become a widely discussed issue among scientists and the lay media and even has its own entry in Wikipedia.
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Hyman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Story C Landis
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland (retired)
| | - Alan I Leshner
- American Association for the Advancement of Science, Potomac, Maryland (retired)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
López-Marzo AM, Merkoçi A. Paper-based sensors and assays: a success of the engineering design and the convergence of knowledge areas. Lab Chip 2016; 16:3150-76. [PMID: 27412239 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00737f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review shows the recent advances and state of the art in paper-based analytical devices (PADs) through the analysis of their integration with microfluidics and LOC micro- and nanotechnologies, electrochemical/optical detection and electronic devices as the convergence of various knowledge areas. The important role of the paper design/architecture in the improvement of the performance of sensor devices is discussed. The discussion is fundamentally based on μPADs as the new generation of paper-based (bio)sensors. Data about the scientific publication ranking of PADs, illustrating their increase as an experimental research topic in the past years, are supplied. In addition, an analysis of the simultaneous evolution of PADs in academic lab research and industrial commercialization highlighting the parallelism of the technological transfer from academia to industry is displayed. A general overview of the market behaviour, the leading industries in the sector and their commercialized devices is given. Finally, personal opinions of the authors about future perspectives and tendencies in the design and fabrication technology of PADs are disclosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adaris M López-Marzo
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain. and Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kamble H, Barton MJ, Jun M, Park S, Nguyen NT. Cell stretching devices as research tools: engineering and biological considerations. Lab Chip 2016; 16:3193-203. [PMID: 27440436 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cells within the human body are subjected to continuous, cyclic mechanical strain caused by various organ functions, movement, and growth. Cells are well known to have the ability to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. This process is referred to as mechanotransduction. A better understanding of mechanotransduction is of great interest to clinicians and scientists alike to improve clinical diagnosis and understanding of medical pathology. However, the complexity involved in in vivo biological systems creates a need for better in vitro technologies, which can closely mimic the cells' microenvironment using induced mechanical strain. This technology gap motivates the development of cell stretching devices for better understanding of the cell response to mechanical stimuli. This review focuses on the engineering and biological considerations for the development of such cell stretching devices. The paper discusses different types of stretching concepts, major design consideration and biological aspects of cell stretching and provides a perspective for future development in this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Kamble
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Barton
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Myeongjun Jun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, QLD 4111, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Muthaiyan Shanmugam M, Subhra Santra T. Microfluidic Devices in Advanced Caenorhabditis elegans Research. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081006. [PMID: 27490525 PMCID: PMC6273278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of model organisms is very important in view of their potential for application to human therapeutic uses. One such model organism is the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. As a nematode, C. elegans have ~65% similarity with human disease genes and, therefore, studies on C. elegans can be translated to human, as well as, C. elegans can be used in the study of different types of parasitic worms that infect other living organisms. In the past decade, many efforts have been undertaken to establish interdisciplinary research collaborations between biologists, physicists and engineers in order to develop microfluidic devices to study the biology of C. elegans. Microfluidic devices with the power to manipulate and detect bio-samples, regents or biomolecules in micro-scale environments can well fulfill the requirement to handle worms under proper laboratory conditions, thereby significantly increasing research productivity and knowledge. The recent development of different kinds of microfluidic devices with ultra-high throughput platforms has enabled researchers to carry out worm population studies. Microfluidic devices primarily comprises of chambers, channels and valves, wherein worms can be cultured, immobilized, imaged, etc. Microfluidic devices have been adapted to study various worm behaviors, including that deepen our understanding of neuromuscular connectivity and functions. This review will provide a clear account of the vital involvement of microfluidic devices in worm biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muniesh Muthaiyan Shanmugam
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Biteen JS, Blainey PC, Cardon ZG, Chun M, Church GM, Dorrestein PC, Fraser SE, Gilbert JA, Jansson JK, Knight R, Miller JF, Ozcan A, Prather KA, Quake SR, Ruby EG, Silver PA, Taha S, van den Engh G, Weiss PS, Wong GCL, Wright AT, Young TD. Tools for the Microbiome: Nano and Beyond. ACS Nano 2016; 10:6-37. [PMID: 26695070 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome presents great opportunities for understanding and improving the world around us and elucidating the interactions that compose it. The microbiome also poses tremendous challenges for mapping and manipulating the entangled networks of interactions among myriad diverse organisms. Here, we describe the opportunities, technical needs, and potential approaches to address these challenges, based on recent and upcoming advances in measurement and control at the nanoscale and beyond. These technical needs will provide the basis for advancing the largely descriptive studies of the microbiome to the theoretical and mechanistic understandings that will underpin the discipline of microbiome engineering. We anticipate that the new tools and methods developed will also be more broadly useful in environmental monitoring, medicine, forensics, and other areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Biteen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul C Blainey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Zoe G Cardon
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1015, United States
| | - Miyoung Chun
- The Kavli Foundation , Oxnard, California 93030, United States
| | - George M Church
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Biophysics Program, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Scott E Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California , Molecular and Computational Biology, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolution and Department of Surgery, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Janet K Jansson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward G Ruby
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii-Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Pamela A Silver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Biophysics Program, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sharif Taha
- The Kavli Foundation , Oxnard, California 93030, United States
| | - Ger van den Engh
- Center for Marine Cytometry , Concrete, Washington 98237, United States
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción , Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Aaron T Wright
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Knowlton SM, Sadasivam M, Tasoglu S. Microfluidics for sperm research. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:221-9. [PMID: 25798781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One in six couples of reproductive age worldwide are affected at least once by some form of infertility. In vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are widely-available assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The identification and isolation of the most-motile sperm with DNA integrity are essential to IVF and ICSI, ultimately affecting treatment consequences and the health of offspring. Recently, microfluidic technologies been developed to sort sperm according to sperm morphology, motility, DNA integrity, and functionality for IVF techniques. There have also been emerging applications in wildlife conservation, high-throughput single-sperm genomics, sperm-driven robotics, and in-home fertility testing. We review a broad range of studies applying the principles of microfluidics to sperm research.
Collapse
|
28
|
Venker CE, Kover ST. An Open Conversation on Using Eye-Gaze Methods in Studies of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2015; 58:1719-32. [PMID: 26363412 PMCID: PMC4987028 DOI: 10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-14-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eye-gaze methods have the potential to advance the study of neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite their increasing use, challenges arise in using these methods with individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and in reporting sufficient methodological detail such that the resulting research is replicable and interpretable. METHOD This tutorial presents key considerations involved in designing and conducting eye-gaze studies for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and proposes conventions for reporting the results of such studies. RESULTS Methodological decisions (e.g., whether to use automated eye tracking or manual coding, implementing strategies to scaffold children's performance, defining valid trials) have cascading effects on the conclusions drawn from eye-gaze data. Research reports that include specific information about procedures, missing data, and selection of participants will facilitate interpretation and replication. CONCLUSIONS Eye-gaze methods provide exciting opportunities for studying neurodevelopmental disorders. Open discussion of the issues presented in this tutorial will improve the pace of productivity and the impact of advances in research on neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ropero-Miller JD. The Forensic Technology Center of Excellence--Recent and Upcoming Activities. Forensic Sci Rev 2015; 27:74-77. [PMID: 26287113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
|
30
|
Geskin A, Legowski E, Chakka A, Chandran UR, Barmada MM, LaFramboise WA, Berg J, Jacobson RS. Needs Assessment for Research Use of High-Throughput Sequencing at a Large Academic Medical Center. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131166. [PMID: 26115441 PMCID: PMC4483235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods are driving profound changes in biomedical research, with a growing impact on patient care. Many academic medical centers are evaluating potential models to prepare for the rapid increase in NGS information needs. This study sought to investigate (1) how and where sequencing data is generated and analyzed, (2) research objectives and goals for NGS, (3) workforce capacity and unmet needs, (4) storage capacity and unmet needs, (5) available and anticipated funding resources, and (6) future challenges. As a precursor to informed decision making at our institution, we undertook a systematic needs assessment of investigators using survey methods. We recruited 331 investigators from over 60 departments and divisions at the University of Pittsburgh Schools of Health Sciences and had 140 respondents, or a 42% response rate. Results suggest that both sequencing and analysis bottlenecks currently exist. Significant educational needs were identified, including both investigator-focused needs, such as selection of NGS methods suitable for specific research objectives, and program-focused needs, such as support for training an analytic workforce. The absence of centralized infrastructure was identified as an important institutional gap. Key principles for organizations managing this change were formulated based on the survey responses. This needs assessment provides an in-depth case study which may be useful to other academic medical centers as they identify and plan for future needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Geskin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Legowski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anish Chakka
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Uma R Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William A. LaFramboise
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Berg
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Jacobson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hohmann S, Kögel S, Brunner Y, Schmieg B, Ewald C, Kirschhöfer F, Brenner-Weiß G, Länge K. Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Resonators for Monitoring Conditioning Film Formation. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:11873-88. [PMID: 26007735 PMCID: PMC4481949 DOI: 10.3390/s150511873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We propose surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators as a complementary tool for conditioning film monitoring. Conditioning films are formed by adsorption of inorganic and organic substances on a substrate the moment this substrate comes into contact with a liquid phase. In the case of implant insertion, for instance, initial protein adsorption is required to start wound healing, but it will also trigger immune reactions leading to inflammatory responses. The control of the initial protein adsorption would allow to promote the healing process and to suppress adverse immune reactions. Methods to investigate these adsorption processes are available, but it remains difficult to translate measurement results into actual protein binding events. Biosensor transducers allow user-friendly investigation of protein adsorption on different surfaces. The combination of several transduction principles leads to complementary results, allowing a more comprehensive characterization of the adsorbing layer. We introduce SAW resonators as a novel complementary tool for time-resolved conditioning film monitoring. SAW resonators were coated with polymers. The adsorption of the plasma proteins human serum albumin (HSA) and fibrinogen onto the polymer-coated surfaces were monitored. Frequency results were compared with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor measurements, which confirmed the suitability of the SAW resonators for this application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Hohmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Svea Kögel
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Brunner
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Barbara Schmieg
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Christina Ewald
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiß
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Länge
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kropff J, Bruttomesso D, Doll W, Farret A, Galasso S, Luijf YM, Mader JK, Place J, Boscari F, Pieber TR, Renard E, DeVries JH. Accuracy of two continuous glucose monitoring systems: a head-to-head comparison under clinical research centre and daily life conditions. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:343-9. [PMID: 25132320 PMCID: PMC4409843 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the accuracy and reliability of the two most widely used continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. METHODS We studied the Dexcom®G4 Platinum (DG4P; Dexcom, San Diego, CA, USA) and Medtronic Paradigm Veo Enlite system (ENL; Medtronic, Northridge, CA, USA) CGM systems, in 24 patients with type 1 diabetes. The CGM systems were tested during 6-day home use and a nested 6-h clinical research centre (CRC) visit. During the CRC visit, frequent venous blood glucose samples were used as reference while patients received a meal with an increased insulin bolus to induce an aggravated postprandial glucose nadir. At home, patients performed at least six reference capillary blood measurements per day. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed using all data points ≥15 min apart. RESULTS The overall mean absolute relative difference (MARD) value [standard deviation (s.d.)] measured at the CRC was 13.6 (11.0)% for the DG4P and 16.6 (13.5)% for the ENL [p < 0.0002, confidence interval of difference (CI Δ) 1.7-4.3%, n = 530]. The overall MARD assessed at home was 12.2 (12.0)% for the DG4P and 19.9 (20.5)% for the ENL (p < 0.0001, CI Δ = 5.8-8.7%, n = 839). During the CRC visit, the MARD in the hypoglycaemic range [≤3.9 mmol/l (70 mg/dl)], was 17.6 (12.2)% for the DG4P and 24.6 (18.8)% for the ENL (p = 0.005, CI Δ 3.1-10.7%, n = 117). Both sensors showed higher MARD values during hypoglycaemia than during euglycaemia [3.9-10 mmol/l (70-180 mg/dl)]: for the DG4P 17.6 versus 13.0% and for the ENL 24.6 versus 14.2%. CONCLUSIONS During circumstances of intended use, including both a CRC and home phase, the ENL was noticeably less accurate than the DG4P sensor. Both sensors showed lower accuracy in the hypoglycaemic range. The DG4P was less affected by this negative effect of hypoglycaemia on sensor accuracy than was the ENL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kropff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, the Netherlands
- Correspondence to: J. Kropff, MD, MSc, Academic Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Room F4-215, PO Box 22660, 1100DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - D Bruttomesso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - W Doll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University GrazGraz, Austria
| | - A Farret
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre, Montpellier University HospitalMontpellier, France
| | - S Galasso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Y M Luijf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J K Mader
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University GrazGraz, Austria
| | - J Place
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre, Montpellier University HospitalMontpellier, France
| | - F Boscari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - T R Pieber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University GrazGraz, Austria
| | - E Renard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre, Montpellier University HospitalMontpellier, France
| | - J H DeVries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
French A, Bravery C, Smith J, Chandra A, Archibald P, Gold JD, Artzi N, Kim HW, Barker RW, Meissner A, Wu JC, Knowles JC, Williams D, García-Cardeña G, Sipp D, Oh S, Loring JF, Rao MS, Reeve B, Wall I, Carr AJ, Bure K, Stacey G, Karp JM, Snyder EY, Brindley DA. Enabling consistency in pluripotent stem cell-derived products for research and development and clinical applications through material standards. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:217-23. [PMID: 25650438 PMCID: PMC4339854 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for physical standards (reference materials) to ensure both reproducibility and consistency in the production of somatic cell types from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) sources. We have outlined the need for reference materials (RMs) in relation to the unique properties and concerns surrounding hPSC-derived products and suggest in-house approaches to RM generation relevant to basic research, drug screening, and therapeutic applications. hPSCs have an unparalleled potential as a source of somatic cells for drug screening, disease modeling, and therapeutic application. Undefined variation and product variability after differentiation to the lineage or cell type of interest impede efficient translation and can obscure the evaluation of clinical safety and efficacy. Moreover, in the absence of a consistent population, data generated from in vitro studies could be unreliable and irreproducible. Efforts to devise approaches and tools that facilitate improved consistency of hPSC-derived products, both as development tools and therapeutic products, will aid translation. Standards exist in both written and physical form; however, because many unknown factors persist in the field, premature written standards could inhibit rather than promote innovation and translation. We focused on the derivation of physical standard RMs. We outline the need for RMs and assess the approaches to in-house RM generation for hPSC-derived products, a critical tool for the analysis and control of product variation that can be applied by researchers and developers. We then explore potential routes for the generation of RMs, including both cellular and noncellular materials and novel methods that might provide valuable tools to measure and account for variation. Multiparametric techniques to identify "signatures" for therapeutically relevant cell types, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes that can be derived from hPSCs, would be of significant utility, although physical RMs will be required for clinical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna French
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and
| | | | - James Smith
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and
| | - Amit Chandra
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Archibald
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Natalie Artzi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry
| | - Richard W Barker
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center of Regenerative Medicine, and Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute
| | - David Williams
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, and Program in Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Doug Sipp
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Steve Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brock Reeve
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ivan Wall
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and Department of Nanobiomedical Science BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Biochemical Engineering, and Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, and
| | - Kim Bure
- TAP Biosystems, Royston, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Stacey
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the MHRA, South Mimms, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan Y Snyder
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - David A Brindley
- Oxford-UCL Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Saïd Business School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Centre for Behavioural Medicine, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Stanford-UCSF FDA Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI), San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liang XG, Wu F, Wang YJ, Fu Z, Wang Y, Feng Y, Liang S. [Research on bitter components from Coptis chinensis based on electronic tongue]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:3326-3329. [PMID: 25522621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Isolated alkaloids from Coptis chinensis Franch. The compounds were identified as berberine, columbamine, groenlandicine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine, corydaldine and ferulic acid methylester. Then measured their bitter degree based on the electronic tongue and evaluated the antibacterial. The results based on the Electronic Tongue showed that berberine, columbamine, groenlandicine and jatrorrhizine have higher bitter degree than magnoflorine and corydaldine. And they also appeared better antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. The correlation coefficients between bitter degree and the two bacteria antibacterial activity were 0.983 and 0.911. So there was close relationship between the bitter degree and antibacterial activity of bitter components. Thus, it is confirmed further that bitter components are the material foundation of medicinal effectiveness of bitter herbs.
Collapse
|
35
|
McBride D. Smartphone gamers decode six months of cancer DNA data in one month. ONS Connect 2014; 29:40. [PMID: 24961043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
36
|
Qiao LS, Zhang YL. [Application of CADD on multi-target drug R&D in natural products]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:1951-1955. [PMID: 25272821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Multi-target drugs can simultaneously adjust multiple links of the disease network. Despite the higher efficacy and lower toxicity caused by single targets, multi-target drugs become ideal drugs for treating complicated diseases as well the main direction of drug R & D. By virtue of their structural diversity, higher multi-target activity and lower toxicity, natural products become an important source for developing multi-target drugs. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is a commonly used multi-target drug R&D method, which mainly includes virtual screening and pharmacophore design. In this paper, the authors made a systematical analysis and discussed the prospects and advantages of various methods for multi-target drug R&D with natural products.
Collapse
|
37
|
Underwood E. Neuroscience. BRAIN project meets physics. Science 2014; 344:954-5. [PMID: 24876470 DOI: 10.1126/science.344.6187.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
38
|
Valderrama JT, de la Torre A, Alvarez I, Segura JC, Sainz M, Vargas JL. A flexible and inexpensive high-performance auditory evoked response recording system appropriate for research purposes. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2014; 59:447-59. [PMID: 24870606 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2014-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recording auditory evoked responses (AER) is done not only in hospitals and clinics worldwide to detect hearing impairments and estimate hearing thresholds, but also in research centers to understand and model the mechanisms involved in the process of hearing. This paper describes a high-performance, flexible, and inexpensive AER recording system. A full description of the hardware and software modules that compose the AER recording system is provided. The performance of this system was evaluated by conducting five experiments with both real and artificially synthesized auditory brainstem response and middle latency response signals at different intensity levels and stimulation rates. The results indicate that the flexibility of the described system is appropriate to record AER signals under several recording conditions. The AER recording system described in this article is a flexible and inexpensive high-performance AER recording system. This recording system also incorporates a platform through which users are allowed to implement advanced signal processing methods. Moreover, its manufacturing cost is significantly lower than that of other commercially available alternatives. These advantages may prove useful in many research applications in audiology.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu HX, Duan JA, Guo LW, Li B, Lu J, Tang YP, Pan LM. [Optimization theory and practical application of membrane science technology based on resource of traditional Chinese medicine residue]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:1728-1732. [PMID: 25095393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resource of traditional Chinese medicine residue is an inevitable choice to form new industries characterized of modem, environmental protection and intensive in the Chinese medicine industry. Based on the analysis of source and the main chemical composition of the herb residue, and for the advantages of membrane science and technology used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially membrane separation technology used in improvement technical reserves of traditional extraction and separation process in the pharmaceutical industry, it is proposed that membrane science and technology is one of the most important choices in technological design of traditional Chinese medicine resource industrialization. Traditional Chinese medicine residue is a very complex material system in composition and character, and scientific and effective "separation" process is the key areas of technology to re-use it. Integrated process can improve the productivity of the target product, enhance the purity of the product in the separation process, and solve many tasks which conventional separation is difficult to achieve. As integrated separation technology has the advantages of simplified process and reduced consumption, which are in line with the trend of the modern pharmaceutical industry, the membrane separation technology can provide a broad platform for integrated process, and membrane separation technology with its integrated technology have broad application prospects in achieving resource and industrialization process of traditional Chinese medicine residue. We discuss the principles, methods and applications practice of effective component resources in herb residue using membrane separation and integrated technology, describe the extraction, separation, concentration and purification application of membrane technology in traditional Chinese medicine residue, and systematically discourse suitability and feasibility of membrane technology in the process of traditional Chinese medicine resource industrialization in this paper.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wilson G, Aruliah DA, Brown CT, Chue Hong NP, Davis M, Guy RT, Haddock SHD, Huff KD, Mitchell IM, Plumbley MD, Waugh B, White EP, Wilson P. Best practices for scientific computing. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001745. [PMID: 24415924 PMCID: PMC3886731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a set of best practices for scientific software development, based on research and experience, that will improve scientists' productivity and the reliability of their software.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Wilson
- Mozilla Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D. A. Aruliah
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Titus Brown
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Matt Davis
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Steven H. D. Haddock
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, United States of America
| | - Kathryn D. Huff
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Ian M. Mitchell
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ben Waugh
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ethan P. White
- Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Paul Wilson
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Du T, Jia J, Lin X, Xie R, Li J, Xiao D, Xu K. Generation of Rm21LG transgenic mice: a powerful tool to generate conditional overexpression of miR-21 that is involved in oncogenesis. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:9-20. [PMID: 24068500 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
miR-21 is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, suggesting that it might play a role in the process of oncogenesis, as supported by it directly causing pre-B cell lymphomas in transgenic mice. Rm21LG transgenic mice for the conditional co-expression of miR-21 and luciferase (Luc) mediated by Cre/lox P system were generated. The homozygous Rm21LG transgenic mice were visually and readily characterized immediately after birth by whole-body fluorescence imaging. More importantly, miR-21 and Luc were successfully activated in the liver of Rm21LG/Alb-Cre double-transgenic mice, demonstrating that Rm21LG conditional transgenic system could work in a Cre-dependent manner. The combined use of this conditional miR-21 transgenic mouse line, various cell/tissue-specific Cre mouse lines and bioluminescence imaging will be a valuable tool in vivo to uncover the functions of miR-21 as oncomiR in initiating tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 250# Changgang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gomes LC, Moreira JMR, Teodósio JS, Araújo JDP, Miranda JM, Simões M, Melo LF, Mergulhão FJ. 96-well microtiter plates for biofouling simulation in biomedical settings. Biofouling 2014; 30:535-46. [PMID: 24684538 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.890713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microtiter plates with 96 wells are routinely used in biofilm research mainly because they enable high-throughput assays. These platforms are used in a variety of conditions ranging from static to dynamic operation using different shaking frequencies and orbital diameters. The main goals of this work were to assess the influence of nutrient concentration and flow conditions on biofilm formation by Escherichia coli in microtiter plates and to define the operational conditions to be used in order to simulate relevant biomedical scenarios. Assays were performed in static mode and in incubators with distinct orbital diameters using different concentrations of glucose, peptone and yeast extract. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the flow inside the wells for shaking frequencies ranging from 50 to 200 rpm and orbital diameters from 25 to 100 mm. Higher glucose concentrations enhanced adhesion of E. coli in the first 24 h, but variation in peptone and yeast extract concentration had no significant impact on biofilm formation. Numerical simulations indicate that 96-well microtiter plates can be used to simulate a variety of biomedical scenarios if the operating conditions are carefully set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Gomes
- a LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Kruss S, Hilmer AJ, Zhang J, Reuel NF, Mu B, Strano MS. Carbon nanotubes as optical biomedical sensors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1933-50. [PMID: 23906934 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are important tools in biomedical research. Moreover, they are becoming an essential part of modern healthcare. In the future, biosensor development will become even more crucial due to the demand for personalized-medicine, point-of care devices and cheaper diagnostic tools. Substantial advances in sensor technology are often fueled by the advent of new materials. Therefore, nanomaterials have motivated a large body of research and such materials have been implemented into biosensor devices. Among these new materials carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are especially promising building blocks for biosensors due to their unique electronic and optical properties. Carbon nanotubes are rolled-up cylinders of carbon monolayers (graphene). They can be chemically modified in such a way that biologically relevant molecules can be detected with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this review article we will discuss how carbon nanotubes can be used to create biosensors. We review the latest advancements of optical carbon nanotube based biosensors with a special focus on near-infrared (NIR)-fluorescence, Raman-scattering and fluorescence quenching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Maintaining focus has been a critical but challenging issue in optical microscopy, particularly for microscopic imaging systems currently used in biomedical research. During live cell imaging, environmental temperature fluctuations and other factors contribute to the unavoidable focus drift. For single molecular imaging and super resolution, focus drift can be significant even over short durations. The current commercial and experimental solutions are either optically complicated, expensive, or with limited axial resolution. Here, we present a simple autofocus solution based on low cost solid state laser and imaging sensor. By improving the optical train design and using real-time data analysis, improvement in axial resolution by approximately two orders of magnitudes over the focal depth of microscope objectives can be achieved. This solution has been tested for prolonged live cell imaging for fast ramping up in environmental chamber temperature and large daily swing in room temperature. In addition, this system can be used to spatial-temporally measure the surface for three-dimensional cell culture and tissue engineering, with flexibility that exceeds commercially available systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The year 2012 was another exciting year for Histochemistry and Cell Biology. Innovations in immunohistochemical techniques and microscopy-based imaging have provided the means for advances in the field of cell biology. Over 130 manuscripts were published in the journal during 2012, representing methodological advancements, pathobiology of disease, and cell and tissue biology. This annual review of the manuscripts published in the previous year in Histochemistry and Cell Biology serves as an abbreviated reference for the readership to quickly peruse and discern trends in the field over the past year. The review has been broadly divided into multiple sections encompassing topics such as method advancements, subcellular components, extracellular matrix, and organ systems. We hope that the creation of this subdivision will serve to guide the reader to a specific topic of interest, while simultaneously providing a concise and easily accessible encapsulation of other topics in the broad area of Histochemistry and Cell Biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Microscopy Imaging Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fitzmorris BC, Pu YC, Cooper JK, Lin YF, Hsu YJ, Li Y, Zhang JZ. Optical properties and exciton dynamics of alloyed core/shell/shell Cd(1-x)Zn(x)Se/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:2893-900. [PMID: 23469824 DOI: 10.1021/am303149r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study we introduce a new method for the one-pot synthesis of core/shell/shell alloyed Cd1-xZnxSe/ZnSe/ZnS QDs and examine the effect of the shell coating on the optical properties and exciton dynamics of the alloy core. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield is greatly enhanced after shell growth, from 9.6% to 63%. The exciton dynamics were studied by time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and fit using integrated singular value decomposition global fitting (i-SVD-GF), which showed the biexponential observed lifetimes on the nanosecond time scale remain the same after shell growth. Using ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy and SVD-GF, we have determined that surface passivation by ZnSe and ZnSe/ZnS shells reduces nonradiative recombination primarily on the picosecond time scale. These findings are helpful in directing the development of the next generation of QDs for biological labeling and other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bob C Fitzmorris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yu K, Schanze KS. Preface: forum on biomedical applications of colloidal photoluminescent quantum dots. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:2785. [PMID: 23611690 DOI: 10.1021/am401177w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
|
49
|
Abstract
Various versions of nonlinear microscopy are revolutionizing the life sciences, almost all of which are made possible because of the development of ultrafast lasers. In this article, the main properties and technical features of short-pulse lasers used in nonlinear microscopy are summarized. Recent research results on fiber lasers that will impact future instruments are also discussed.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The application of microfluidics to neuroscience applications has always appealed to neuroscientists because of the capability to control the cellular microenvironment in both a spatial and temporal manner. Recently, there has been rapid development of biological micro-electro-mechanical systems (BioMEMS) for both fundamental and applied neuroscience research. In this review, we will discuss the applications of BioMEMS to various topics in the field of neuroscience. The purpose of this review is to summarise recent advances in the components and design of the BioMEMS devices, in vitro disease models, electrophysiology and neural stem cell research. We envision that microfluidics will play a key role in future neuroscience research, both fundamental and applied research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|