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Saxe-Custack A, LaChance J, Kerver JM. A Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program for Prenatal Patients in Flint, Michigan: Baseline Food Security and Dietary Intake. Nutrients 2024; 16:1234. [PMID: 38674924 PMCID: PMC11054465 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although adequate nutritional status during pregnancy is necessary to support optimal fetal development, many low-income women have poor access to fresh, high-nutrient foods. To address these challenges, a pediatric fruit and vegetable (FV) prescription program was expanded to include pregnant women, providing one prescription for fresh FVs worth 15 US dollars during each prenatal office visit for redemption at farmers'/mobile markets. This analysis describes baseline sociodemographic characteristics, food security, and dietary intake among 253 pregnant women in Flint, Michigan in 2022-23. Dietary recall data were collected and analyzed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-h Tool developed by the US National Cancer Institute, with nutrition output reported in relation to adherence to US Dietary Guidelines. Most participants (mean ± SD age 26.51 ± 4.90 years) identified as African American (53%) and were receiving publicly funded health insurance (66%). Most (75%) reported no food insecurity, yet the majority failed to meet dietary recommendations for whole grains (99.3%), vegetables (93.1%), dairy (93.1%), and fruits (69.4%). Moreover, most did not meet micronutrient recommendations through food sources, including vitamin D (100%), iron (98.6%), folic acid (98.6%), vitamin A (82.6%), calcium (68.8%), and vitamin C (62.5%). Results raise deep concerns regarding diet and nutrition among pregnant women in this US city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Saxe-Custack
- Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, Michigan State University-Hurley Children’s Hospital Pediatric Public Health Initiative, Flint, MI 48502, USA;
| | - Jenny LaChance
- Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, Michigan State University-Hurley Children’s Hospital Pediatric Public Health Initiative, Flint, MI 48502, USA;
| | - Jean M. Kerver
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA;
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Parra-Soto S, Araya C, Knight K, Livingstone KM, Malcomson FC, Sharp L, Mathers JC, Ho FK, Celis-Morales C, Pell JP. Different Sources of Fiber Intake and Risk of 17 Specific Cancers and All Cancers Combined: Prospective Study of 364,856 Participants in the UK Biobank. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:660-672. [PMID: 37855261 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inverse associations between dietary fiber (DF) and colorectal cancer risk are well-established. However, evidence is limited in relation to other cancer sites. This study, of 364,856 participants from the UK Biobank, aimed to evaluate the associations between total and source-specific partial DF and risk of 17 specific cancers and all cancers combined. Partial DF was derived from baseline touchscreen questionnaire data on cereal, bread, fruit, and vegetable intake. The outcomes were incident cancer at 17 sites and all cancers combined. Cox proportional hazards models were applied. Over a median 8.8-year follow-up period, 30,725 people were diagnosed with cancer. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, those in the highest quintile of partial DF compared with the lowest quintile (<9.6 vs ≥19.1 g/day) had 10% lower risk of cancer overall, with the greatest risk reductions observed for cervical (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14; 0.82), esophageal (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52; 0.84), lung (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.59; 0.76), bladder (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56; 0.91), and kidney (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61; 0.92) cancers. Associations between DF and lung cancer were observed only in current and former smokers. Higher DF intake, in particular cereal fiber and fruit and vegetable fiber, was associated with a lower risk of overall and multiple site-specific cancers.
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Xu S, Guo Y, Liang X, Lu H. Intelligent Rapid Detection Techniques for Low-Content Components in Fruits and Vegetables: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2024; 13:1116. [PMID: 38611420 PMCID: PMC11012010 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are an important part of our daily diet and contain low-content components that are crucial for our health. Detecting these components accurately is of paramount significance. However, traditional detection methods face challenges such as complex sample processing, slow detection speed, and the need for highly skilled operators. These limitations fail to meet the growing demand for intelligent and rapid detection of low-content components in fruits and vegetables. In recent years, significant progress has been made in intelligent rapid detection technology, particularly in detecting high-content components in fruits and vegetables. However, the accurate detection of low-content components remains a challenge and has gained considerable attention in current research. This review paper aims to explore and analyze several intelligent rapid detection techniques that have been extensively studied for this purpose. These techniques include near-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and terahertz spectroscopy, among others. This paper provides detailed reports and analyses of the application of these methods in detecting low-content components. Furthermore, it offers a prospective exploration of their future development in this field. The goal is to contribute to the enhancement and widespread adoption of technology for detecting low-content components in fruits and vegetables. It is expected that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Xu
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Yinghua Guo
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Xin Liang
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Huazhong Lu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Garrity K, Krzyzanowski Guerra K, Hart H, Al-Muhanna K, Kunkler EC, Braun A, Poppe KI, Johnson K, Lazor E, Liu Y, Garner JA. Local Food System Approaches to Address Food and Nutrition Security among Low-Income Populations: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100156. [PMID: 38616069 PMCID: PMC11031423 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Food and nutrition insecurity disproportionately impact low-income households in the United States, contributing to higher rates of chronic diseases among this population. Addressing this challenge is complex because of various factors affecting the availability and accessibility of nutritious food. Short value chain (SVC) models, informally known as local food systems, offer a systemic approach that aims to optimize resources and align values throughout and beyond the food supply chain. Although specific SVC interventions, such as farmers markets, have been studied individually, a comprehensive review of SVC models was pursued to evaluate their relative impact on food security, fruit and vegetable intake, diet quality, health-related markers, and barriers and facilitators to participation among low-income households. Our systematic literature search identified 37 articles representing 34 studies from 2000-2020. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies revealed that farmers market interventions had been evaluated more extensively than other SVC models (i.e., produce prescription programs, community-supported agriculture, mobile markets, food hubs, farm stands, and farm-to-school). Fruit and vegetable intake was the most measured outcome; other outcomes were less explored or not measured at all. Qualitative insights highlighted common barriers to SVC use, such as lack of program awareness, limited accessibility, and cultural incongruence, whereas facilitators included health-promoting environments, community cohesion, financial incentives, and high-quality produce. Social marketing and dynamic nutrition education appeared to yield positive program outcomes. Financial incentives were used in many studies, warranting further investigation into optimal amounts across varying environmental contexts. SVC models are increasingly germane to national goals across the agriculture, social, and health care sectors. This review advances the understanding of key knowledge gaps related to their implementation and impact; it emphasizes the need for research to analyze SVC potential comprehensively across the rural-urban continuum and among diverse communities through long-term studies of measurable health impact and mixed-method studies investigating implementation best practices. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020206532.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Garrity
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Hannah Hart
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | - Khawlah Al-Muhanna
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Emily C Kunkler
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Ashlea Braun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University
| | | | - Kara Johnson
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Emma Lazor
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Jennifer A Garner
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University.
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Chen Y, Liu LX, Liu X, Yu W, Ma X, Lei ZW, Ma W, Meng LL, Liu YG. Analysis on Foodborne Pathogen Contamination of Food Samples in Longnan City from 2013 to 2022. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:228-235. [PMID: 38112756 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in food in Longnan City, Gansu Province, China. In this research, we conducted tests on baked foods, catering foods, meat, and fruits and vegetables sold in supermarkets, farmers' markets, restaurants, retail stores, street stalls, and school canteens from 2013 to 2022. We analyzed the variety of foodborne pathogens (Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli) in different sites and food types. Once foodborne pathogens were detected in the sample, it was deemed unqualified. The total detection rates of foodborne pathogens were 1.559%, 3.349%, 1.980%, 1.040%, 3.383%, and 1.303% in food from supermarkets, farmers' markets, restaurants, retail stores, street stalls, and school canteens, respectively. No pathogenic bacteria were detected in baked foods. Salmonella, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, and diarrheagenic E. coli were detected in catering foods, among which B. cereus had the highest detection rate. Salmonella was the most common pathogenic bacteria detected in meat, while the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in fruits and vegetables was low, with only one positive sample for diarrheagenic E. coli. Among the six sites, street stalls (3.382%) and farmers' markets (3.349%) had higher detection rates of pathogens. In general, the detection rate of pathogens from 2013 to 2022 was not high, but there were also some hidden dangers. Catering food is vulnerable to pathogen contamination, and street stalls and farmers' markets are the main sites of pollution. According to the above findings, the regulatory authorities should continue to strengthen supervision, guarantee food safety through early warning, and reduce the risk of food contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Chen
- Longnan Municipal Center For Disease Control & Prevention, Longnan, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Center For Disease Control & Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Weisen Yu
- Qingdao Municipal Center For Disease Control & Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Qingdao Food Inspection Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Lei
- Technology Center, Qingdao Customs, Qingdao, China
| | - Weixing Ma
- Qingdao Municipal Center For Disease Control & Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling-Li Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yun-Guo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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Malahlela HK, Belay ZA, Mphahlele RR, Sigge GO, Caleb OJ. Recent advances in activated water systems for the postharvest management of quality and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13317. [PMID: 38477217 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, decontamination management of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) in the packhouses and along the supply chains has been heavily dependent on chemical-based wash. This has resulted in the emergence of resistant foodborne pathogens and often the deposition of disinfectant byproducts on FFVs, rendering them unacceptable to consumers. The management of foodborne pathogens, microbial contaminants, and quality of FFVs are a major concern for the horticultural industries and public health. Activated water systems (AWS), such as electrolyzed water, plasma-activated water, and micro-nano bubbles, have gained significant attention from researchers over the last decade due to their nonthermal and nontoxic mode of action for microbial inactivation and preservation of FFVs quality. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of recent progress on the application of AWS and their effects on quality attributes and microbial safety of FFVs. An overview of the different types of AWS and their properties is provided. Furthermore, the review highlights the chemistry behind generation of reactive species and the impact of AWS on the quality attributes of FFVs and on the inactivation/reduction of spoilage and pathogenic microbes (in vivo or in vitro). The mechanisms of action of microorganism inactivation are discussed. Finally, this work highlights challenges and limitations for commercialization and safety and regulation issues of AWS. The synergistic prospect on combining AWS for maximum microorganism inactivation effectiveness is also considered. AWS offers a potential alternative as nonchemical interventions to maintain quality attributes, inactivate spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, and extend the shelf-life for FFVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold K Malahlela
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- AgriFood BioSystems and Technovation Research Group, Africa Institute for Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Zinash A Belay
- Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies (PHATs), Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Gunnar O Sigge
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi J Caleb
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- AgriFood BioSystems and Technovation Research Group, Africa Institute for Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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French CD, Gomez-Lara A, Hee A, Shankar A, Song N, Campos M, McCoin M, Matias SL. Impact of a Food Skills Course with a Teaching Kitchen on Dietary and Cooking Self-Efficacy and Behaviors among College Students. Nutrients 2024; 16:585. [PMID: 38474714 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
College students may face barriers to eating healthy foods. Educational interventions providing practical knowledge and skills may help students to overcome financial barriers or other barriers to acquiring, preparing, and consuming healthy foods. We evaluated the association between participation in a semester-long food skills course with an interactive teaching kitchen and dietary and cooking self-efficacy and behaviors. Participants were recruited from course enrollees (intervention) and the general student population (comparison). We assessed differences in pre-post changes in the outcomes between groups using the propensity score weighting and mixed effects linear or Poisson regression. Course participation was associated with improved self-efficacy around cooking (group × time β-coefficient [SE]: 3.25 [0.57], p < 0.0001) and fruit (6.33 [1.19], p < 0.0001), vegetable (5.43 [1.42], p = 0.0002), and whole grain (5.83 [1.40], p < 0.0001) consumption. Course participants reported smaller pre-post decreases in vegetable consumption compared to non-participants (0.35 [0.16], p = 0.03), increased cooking frequency (0.22 [0.10], p = 0.03) and a decreased frequency of skipping meals (-0.47 [0.16], p = 0.003). There were no changes associated with the intervention in the consumption of fruit or whole grains, or in eating out frequency. Participation in a semester-long, personal food skills course with a teaching kitchen may improve self-efficacy, cooking, and vegetable consumption among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D French
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Gomez-Lara
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arianna Hee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Akshara Shankar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nayoung Song
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Monserrath Campos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mikelle McCoin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Susana L Matias
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Kasprzak CM, Canizares A, Lally A, Tirabassi JN, Vermont LN, Lev S, Ammerman AS, Leone LA. Using implementation mapping to refine strategies to improve implementation of an evidence-based mobile market intervention: a study protocol. Front Health Serv 2024; 4:1288160. [PMID: 38414484 PMCID: PMC10897039 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1288160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The Veggie Van model is a mobile market model that is efficacious in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption for lower-income participants. The model is currently being evaluated for its effectiveness in a multi-state trial. Preliminary implementation data, collected through process measures surveys and implementation interviews, indicate that there are several barriers to implementation among partner organizations and implementation fidelity to the Veggie Van model was low. Consideration and planning for implementation ought to occur early and often throughout the research process order to ensure Veggie Van model effectiveness. This paper describes the step-by-step process for creating strategies to enhance implementation of Veggie Van model components. Methods Implementation mapping is a systematic process to develop implementation strategies through engagement with key stakeholders. We conducted a series of interviews (n = 31 representatives) with partner organizations (n = 8) to identify facilitators and barriers to Veggie Van model implementation. We then applied interview findings to an Implementation Mapping process to develop theory and practice-driven strategies to be integrated into existing implementation tools and technical assistance. Results We identified implementation outcomes (e.g., staff implement the Veggie Van model component of nutrition education with fidelity) and performance objectives (e.g., offer nutrition education, in the form of food lessons and/or food demonstrations, at least bi-weekly) to achieve them. We conducted a secondary qualitative analysis of the findings from implementation interviews with partner organizations to identify behavioral determinants (e.g., attitudinal beliefs, social support) which were combined with the performance objectives to generate change objectives (e.g., view the Veggie Van model as advantageous to an organization and communities served). To achieve the change objectives, we developed implementation strategies that would be integrated into existing Veggie Van training resources including an online toolkit, webinars and trainings, an annual mobile market conference, and technical assistance. Conclusion The development of theory and practice-driven implementation strategies will enable us to improve our implementation tools, thereby improving fidelity to the Veggie Van model among organizations and increasing the likelihood of its effectiveness. Detailing the design of a multifaceted implementation strategy using Implementation Mapping also provides a model to design similar strategies for other community-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Kasprzak
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Andy Canizares
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Anne Lally
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jill N. Tirabassi
- Department of Family Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Leah N. Vermont
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Samuel Lev
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Alice S. Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lucia A. Leone
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Rulazi EL, Marwa J, Kichonge B, Kivevele TT. Techno-economic analysis of a solar-assisted heat pump dryer for drying agricultural products. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:952-970. [PMID: 38370039 PMCID: PMC10867472 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Postharvest losses (PHLs) of biomaterials, such as vegetables and fruits, significantly impact food security and economic stability in developing nations. In Tanzania, PHLs are estimated to range between 30% and 40% for cereal crops and even higher for perishable crops such as fruits and vegetables. Open-sun drying (OSD) is the most extensively employed method because of its affordability and simplicity. However, OSD has several drawbacks, including difficulties in managing drying parameters, long drying times owing to adverse weather, and product contamination. The solar-assisted heat pump dryer (SAHPD) is a technology designed as an alternative solution for drying biomaterials and reducing PHL. A limited number of SAHPDs have been constructed in developing nations. Most of the works have concentrated on the performance analysis of the systems. This neglects the techno-economic assessment, which is important to provide both a quantitative and qualitative understanding of the financial viability of the technology. The present study therefore investigates the techno-economic analysis of a novel SAHPD for drying agricultural products, particularly vegetables and fruits. To determine whether the SAHPD technology is technically and economically viable, tomatoes and carrots were dried and analyzed to determine their thermal and economic performance. The results show that the initial moisture contents of tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) and carrots (Daucus carota) were reduced from 93% and 88% to 10% in 11 and 12 h, respectively. The coefficient of performance (COP), drying time (DT), specific moisture extraction ration (SMER) and thermal efficiency (η T ) were found to be 3.4, 2.3 kg/h, 1.33 kg/kWh and 54.0%, respectively. The economic analysis was assessed using the annualized cost, lifecycle savings, and payback period for the dryer's life span of 15 years. The initial investment of the SAHPD was $5221.8 and the annualized cost was $1076.5. The cumulative present worth for 15 years was found to be $23,828.8 and $27,553.1 for tomatoes and carrots, respectively. The payback period for tomatoes was found to be 3 years, whereas for carrots it was 2.6 years. Based on thermal and economic performance assessment results, the developed SAHPD is technically and economically viable to be considered for further investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evordius Laurent Rulazi
- School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES)Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM‐AIST)ArushaTanzania
- Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH)Dar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Janeth Marwa
- School of Business Studies and Humanities (BuSH)Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM‐AIST)ArushaTanzania
| | - Baraka Kichonge
- School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES)Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM‐AIST)ArushaTanzania
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringArusha Technical College (ATC)ArushaTanzania
| | - Thomas T. Kivevele
- School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES)Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM‐AIST)ArushaTanzania
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10
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Guo W, Ortega EF, Wu D, Li L, Bronson RT, Boehm SK, Meydani SN. Life-long consumption of high level of fruits and vegetables reduces tumor incidence and extends median lifespan in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1286792. [PMID: 38125727 PMCID: PMC10731956 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1286792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) is negatively associated with the incidence of certain cancers and mortality. However, a causal relationship has not been demonstrated. Thus, we investigated the effect of life-long consumption of high level of FV on median lifespan, key biological functions, and pathologies in mice fed low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, 5 weeks-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 60/group): LF (LF-C, 10% kcal fat), HF (HF-C, 45% kcal fat) or each supplemented with 15% (w/w) of a unique FV mixture (LF + FV and HF + FV, respectively). Mice were euthanized when one group reached 50% mortality. Body weight and composition, tumor incidence, and death were monitored. Blood levels of lipids and pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Results After 21 months of feeding, HF-C group reached 50% mortality, at which time mice in all groups were terminated. HF-C had higher mortality (50.0%) compared to the LF-C group (18.3%, p = 0.0008). Notably, HF-FV had lower mortality (23.3%) compared to HF-C group (p = 0.008); there was no significant difference in mortality between HF-FV and LF-C groups. Tumors were found in all groups, and were predominantly present in the liver, followed by those of lung, intestine, and seminal vesicle. Tumor incidence in the HF-C group (73.3%) was higher than that in LF-C group (30.0%, p < 0.0001). HF + FV group had 23.3% lower tumor incidence compared to the HF-C group (p = 0.014). No significant difference in tumor incidence between the LF-C and LF + FV groups was observed. Long-term FV supplementation reduced systemic inflammation and blood lipids. Conclusion We provide the first causal evidence that life-long intake of a diet, containing a high level and large variety of FV, decreases tumor incidence and extends median lifespan in mice fed a western-style high-fat diet. These effects of FV are at least in part due to reduced blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improved dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Guo
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edwin F. Ortega
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lijun Li
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Roderick T. Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah K. Boehm
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simin Nikbin Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Grover Y, Negi PS. Recent developments in freezing of fruits and vegetables: Striving for controlled ice nucleation and crystallization with enhanced freezing rates. J Food Sci 2023; 88:4799-4826. [PMID: 37872804 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are rich in essential nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants; however, they have short shelf life. Freezing is a superior method of preservation compared to other techniques with respect to nutrient retention and maintenance of sensory attributes. However, several physical and textural quality changes associated with freezing and thawing pose a serious problem to the quality of frozen products. Some of the disadvantages associated with the currently employed methods for freezing fruits and vegetables include low rates of heat exchange in blast freezers, shape limitation in plate freezers, high cost of operation in cryogenic freezing, and freezing solution dilution in immersion freezing. Therefore, novel freezing technologies have been developed to achieve controlled ice nucleation and crystallization, enhanced freezing rate, decreased phase transition time, and maintained temperature stability. This review discusses some of the most recent approaches employed in freezing and points to their adoption for maintaining the quality of fruits and vegetables with extended storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashmita Grover
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Negi
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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12
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Kitzman H, Montgomery AH, Khan M, Mamun A, Tecson KM, Allison P, Simoni J, Wesson DE. The Fruit and Veggies for Kidney Health Study: A Prospective Randomized Trial. Kidney Med 2023; 5:100736. [PMID: 38046912 PMCID: PMC10692733 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Providing fruits and vegetables (F&Vs) to health care system patients with elevated urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) reduced ACR, slowed chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in previous studies. This study evaluated a community-based strategy in lower-income populations to identify African Americans with elevated ACR before health care system involvement and sustain them in a 6-month F&V protocol with (F&V + Cook) and without (F&V Only) cooking instructions, with the hypothesis that adjuvant cooking instructions with F&Vs would further reduce ACR. Study Design Prospective, randomized, parallel 2-arm design. Setting & Participants African American adults with ACR >10 mg/g creatinine randomized to 1 of 2 study arms. Interventions Two cups/day of F&Vs with or without cooking instructions in participants followed 6 months. Outcomes Participants sustaining the F&V protocol and between-group indicators of CVD risk, kidney injury, and dietary intake at 6 weeks and 6 months. Results A total of 142 African American adults (mean age, 57.0 years; ACR, 27.4 mg/g; body mass index, 34.4; 24.9% CKD 1; 24.8% CKD 2; 50.4% CKD 3; 55% female) randomized to F&V Only (n=72) or F&V + Cook (n=70), and 71% were retained at 6 months. Participants received 90% of available F&V pick-ups over 6 weeks and 69% over 6 months. In the adjusted model, 6-month ACR was 31% lower for F&V + Cook than F&V Only (P = 0.02). Net 6-week F&V intake significantly increased and biometric variables improved for participants combined into a single group. Limitations Small sample size, low-baseline ACR, and potential nonresponse bias for 24-hour dietary recall measure. Conclusions These data support the feasibility of identifying community-dwelling African Americans with ACR indicating elevated CVD and CKD risk and sustaining a F&V protocol shown to improve kidney outcomes and CVD risk factors and provides preliminary evidence that cooking instructions adjuvant to F&Vs are needed to lower ACR. Funding National Institute on Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases grant "Reducing chronic kidney disease burden in an underserved population" (R21DK113440). Trial Registration NCT03832166. Plain-Language Summary African Americans, particularly those in low-income communities, have increased rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with worsening outcomes over time. Giving fruits and vegetables to individuals with CKD identified in health care systems was previously shown to reduce kidney damage, measured by urine protein albumin, and slow kidney function decline. We recruited African Americans in low-income communities with increased urine albumin levels. They received fruits and vegetables for 6 months, and we tested whether added cooking instructions further reduced urine albumin levels. Most participants continued to receive fruits and vegetables throughout the 6 months. Those given cooking instructions had lower urine albumin levels after 6 months, indicating decreased kidney damage. Providing cooking instructions with fruits and vegetables appears to lessen kidney damage more than just fruits and vegetables alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Kitzman
- Baylor Scott and White Health and Wellness Center, Dallas, TX
- Robbins Institute for Health Policy and Leadership, Baylor University, Waco, TX
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Mahbuba Khan
- Baylor Scott and White Health and Wellness Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Baylor Scott and White Health and Wellness Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kristen M. Tecson
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX
- Texas A&M Health Sciences Center College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Jan Simoni
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Department of Surgery, Lubbock, TX
| | - Donald E. Wesson
- Dell Medical School – The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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13
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Yao J, Chen W, Fan K. Novel Efficient Physical Technologies for Enhancing Freeze Drying of Fruits and Vegetables: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:4321. [PMID: 38231776 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Drying is the main technical means of fruit and vegetable processing and storage; freeze drying is one of the best dehydration processes for fruit and vegetables, and the quality of the final product obtained is the highest. The process is carried out under vacuum and at low temperatures, which inhibits enzymatic activity and the growth and multiplication of micro-organisms, and better preserves the nutrient content and flavor of the product. Despite its many advantages, freeze drying consumes approximately four to ten times more energy than hot-air drying, and is more costly, so freeze drying can be assisted by means of highly efficient physical fields. This paper reviews the definition, principles and steps of freeze drying, and introduces the application mechanisms of several efficient physical fields such as ultrasonic, microwave, infrared radiation and pulsed electric fields, as well as the application of efficient physical fields in the freeze drying of fruits and vegetables. The application of high efficiency physical fields with freeze drying can improve drying kinetics, increase drying rates and maintain maximum product quality, providing benefits in terms of energy, time and cost. Efficient physical field and freeze drying technologies can be well linked to sustainable deep processing of fruit and vegetables and have a wide range of development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- National Polymer Materials Industry Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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14
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Domínguez-Avila JA. Dietary Phenolic Compounds Exert Some of Their Health-Promoting Bioactivities by Targeting Liver X Receptor (LXR) and Retinoid X Receptor (RXR). Foods 2023; 12:4205. [PMID: 38231664 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Consuming foods of vegetable origin has been shown to exert multiple health-related effects, many of them attributed to their phenolic compounds. These molecules are known for being bioactive across multiple cells and organs, with documented changes in gene expression being commonly reported. Nuclear receptors are signal transducers capable of regulating gene expression in response to endogenous and/or exogenous ligands. Liver X receptor (LXR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) are two important nuclear receptors that can be acted on by phenolic compounds, thereby modifying gene expression and potentially exerting numerous subsequent bioactivities. The present work summarizes recent evidence of the effects of the phenolic compounds that are exerted by targeting LXR and/or RXR. The data show that, when LXR is being targeted, changes in lipid metabolism are commonly observed, due to its ability to regulate genes relevant to this process. The effects vary widely when RXR is the target since it is involved in processes like cell proliferation, vitamin D metabolism, and multiple others by forming heterodimers with other transcription factors that regulate said processes. The evidence therefore shows that phenolic compounds can exert multiple bioactivities, with a mechanism of action based, at least in part, on their ability to modulate the cell at the molecular level by acting on nuclear receptors. The data point to a promising and novel area of study that links diet and health, although various unknowns justify further experimentation to reveal the precise way in which a given phenolic can interact with a nuclear receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, SO, Mexico
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15
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Buksh SM, Crookes A, de Wit JBF. Effectiveness of NCD-Related Fiscal Policies: Evidence from the Pacific. Nutrients 2023; 15:4669. [PMID: 37960321 PMCID: PMC10647377 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in Pacific Island countries (PICs) has hit crisis levels, and the consequent high non-communicable disease (NCD) burden is devastating for their developing economies. Nutrition transitions from traditional, plant and seafood diets to a dependence on processed foods are at the core of the obesity and NCD epidemic in PICs. Fiscal policies are widely promoted as an effective mechanism to reduce consumption of unhealthy foods and increase consumption of fruits and vegetables. However, there are little data to evaluate the effectiveness of these policies as rates of NCDs and obesity in PICs continue to rise. This study used an online survey to recruit 4116 adults from six PICs: Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. The study measured the consumption of and household access to sugar-sweetened beverages, ultra-processed packaged snacks, fruits and vegetables and attitudes on food prices and unhealthy eating. The study also assessed the relationship between consumption of these foods and drink and (1) household access, (2) price as a food choice motive, and (3) unhealthy eating attitudes. This study provides novel data on food-related behaviours in PICs, offers insights into the potential impact of NCD-related fiscal policies on food consumption and identifies other variables of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazna M. Buksh
- School of Law and Social Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva 1168, Fiji; (S.M.B.); (A.C.)
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annie Crookes
- School of Law and Social Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva 1168, Fiji; (S.M.B.); (A.C.)
| | - John B. F. de Wit
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Banerjee T, Frongillo EA, Turan JM, Sheira LA, Adedimeji A, Wilson T, Merenstein D, Cohen M, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Metsch L, D’Souza G, Fischl MA, Fisher M, Tien PC, Weiser SD. Association of Higher Intake of Plant-Based Foods and Protein With Slower Kidney Function Decline in Women With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 94:203-210. [PMID: 37850979 PMCID: PMC10593493 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether there exists an association between dietary acid load and kidney function decline in women living with HIV (WLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). SETTING One thousand six hundred eight WLWH receiving ART in the WIHS cohort with available diet data and a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥15 mL/minute/1.73 m2. METHODS A brief dietary instrument conducted from 2013 to 2016 under the Food Insecurity Sub-Study was used for assessing fruits and vegetables (FV) and protein intake. A mixed-effects model with random intercept and slope was used to estimate subjects' annual decline rate in eGFR and the association between FV intake and eGFR decline, adjusting for sociodemographics, serum albumin, comorbidities, time on ART, ART drugs, HIV markers, and baseline eGFR. We evaluated whether markers of inflammation mediated the effect of FV intake on decline in eGFR, using causal mediation analysis. RESULTS We found a dose-response relationship for the association of FV intake and eGFR decline, with lesser annual decline in eGFR in the middle and highest tertiles of FV intake. An increase of 5 servings of FV intake per day was associated with a lower annual eGFR decline (-1.18 [-1.43, -0.94]). On average, 39% of the association between higher FV intake and slower eGFR decline was explained by decreased levels of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Plant-rich diet was associated with slower decline in kidney function. Inflammation is a potential path through which diet may affect kidney function. The findings support an emerging body of literature on the potential benefits of plant-rich diets for prevention of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Banerjee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA
| | - Edward A. Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina
| | - Janet M. Turan
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Lila A. Sheira
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Adebola Adedimeji
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Tracey Wilson
- School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University
| | | | | | - Adaora A. Adimora
- School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Lisa Metsch
- School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Gypsyamber D’Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Molly Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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17
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Jilcott Pitts SB, Wu Q, Moran NE, Laska MN, Harnack L. Examining Potential Modifiers of Human Skin and Plasma Carotenoid Responses in a Randomized Trial of a Carotenoid-Containing Juice Intervention. J Nutr 2023; 153:3287-3294. [PMID: 37742797 PMCID: PMC10687613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin carotenoid measurements are emerging as a valid and reliable indicator of fruit and vegetable intake and carotenoid intake. However, little is known about the extent to which skin carotenoid responsivity to dietary changes differs based on demographic and physiologic characteristics. OBJECTIVES This study examined potential effect modifiers of skin carotenoid and plasma carotenoid responses to a carotenoid-rich juice intervention. METHODS We leveraged data from 2 arms of a 3-site randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice intervention (moderate dose = 6 ounces juice, 4 mg total carotenoids/d, high dose = 12 ounces juice, 8 mg total carotenoids/d) (n = 106) to examine effect modification by age, self-categorized race/ethnicity, biological sex, baseline body fat, body mass index, skin melanin, skin hemoglobin, skin hemoglobin saturation, skin coloration, sun exposure, and baseline intake of carotenoids from foods. Skin carotenoid concentrations were assessed using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), and plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS In bivariate analyses, among the high-dose group (8 mg/d), those of older age had lower skin carotenoid responsiveness than their younger counterparts, and those with greater hemoglobin saturation and lighter skin had higher skin carotenoid score responsiveness. In the moderate-dose group (4 mg/d), participants from one site had greater plasma carotenoid responsiveness than those from other sites. In multivariate analyses, participants with higher baseline skin carotenoids had smaller skin carotenoid responses to both moderate and high doses. CONCLUSIONS Changes in skin carotenoid scores in response to interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake should be interpreted in the context of baseline skin carotenoid scores, but other variables (e.g., self-categorized race/ethnicity, biological sex, baseline body fat, body mass index, skin melanin, and sun exposure) do not significantly modify the effect of carotenoid intake on changes in skin carotenoid scores. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04056624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Healthy Weight Research Center, Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Nutrition Coordinating Center, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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18
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Wetherill MS, Caywood LT, Hollman N, Carter VP, Gentges J, Sims A, Henderson CV. Food Is Medicine for Individuals Affected by Homelessness: Findings from a Participatory Soup Kitchen Menu Redesign. Nutrients 2023; 15:4417. [PMID: 37892492 PMCID: PMC10609710 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Health disparities among people experiencing homelessness are likely exacerbated by limited access to healthy, fresh, and minimally processed foods. Soup kitchens and shelters serve as essential food safety nets for preventing hunger in this population, and community interest is growing in the potential of "food is medicine" interventions to improve the mental and physical wellbeing of people who receive meals from these providers. This study describes our two-phase approach to first identify and prioritize nutrition needs within an urban soup kitchen community and then test and implement new recipes and menu guidelines to help the standard soup kitchen menu better align with those priorities. We began by first conducting a nutrition needs assessment, including a collection of intercept surveys from a convenience sample of soup kitchen guests to better understand their nutrition-related health needs, dental issues, food preferences, and menu satisfaction (n = 112), as well as a nutrition analysis of the standard menu based on seven randomly selected meals. Most respondents reported at least one chronic health condition, with depressive disorders (50.9%) and cardiovascular diseases (49.1%) being the most common. Nearly all guests requested more fruits and vegetables at mealtimes, and results from the menu analysis revealed opportunities to lower meal contents of sodium, saturated fat, and added sugars and to raise micronutrient, fiber, and omega-3 content. We then applied these nutrition needs assessment findings to inform the second phase of the project. This phase included the identification of new food inventory items to help support cardiovascular and mental health-related nutrition needs, taste test sampling of new healthy menu items with soup kitchen guests, and hands-on culinary medicine training to kitchen staff on newly-developed "food is medicine" guidelines to support menu transformation. All taste tests of new menu items received over 75% approval, which exceeded satisfaction ratings of the standard menu collected during the phase 1 needs assessment. Findings from this community-based participatory research project confirm the great potential for hunger safety net providers to support critical nutrition needs within this vulnerable population through strategic menu changes. However, more research is needed on the longitudinal impacts of such changes on health indicators over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna S. Wetherill
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Tulsa Schusterman Center, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
- OU Culinary Medicine Program, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA;
| | - Lacey T. Caywood
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Tulsa Schusterman Center, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
| | - Nicholas Hollman
- Office of Research Development and Scholarly Activity, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA;
| | - Valarie P. Carter
- OU Culinary Medicine Program, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA;
| | - Joshua Gentges
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA;
| | - Ashli Sims
- Iron Gate, Tulsa, OK 74103, USA; (A.S.); (C.V.H.)
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Lauw S, Kei N, Chan PL, Yau TK, Ma KL, Szeto CYY, Lin JSC, Wong SH, Cheung PCK, Kwan HS. Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome Traits and Gut Microbial Profile among Overweight and Obese Hong Kong Chinese Individuals: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4248. [PMID: 37836532 PMCID: PMC10574554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the limited evidence showing anti-obesity effects of synbiotics via modulation of the gut microbiota in humans, a randomized clinical trial was performed. Assessment of the metabolic syndrome traits and profiling of the fecal gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in overweight and obese Hong Kong Chinese individuals before and after dietary intervention with an 8-week increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and/or synbiotic supplementation was conducted. The selected synbiotic contained two probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019) and a prebiotic (polydextrose). Fifty-five overweight or obese individuals were randomized and divided into a synbiotic group (SG; n = 19), a dietary intervention group (DG; n = 18), and a group receiving combined interventions (DSG; n = 18). DSG showed the greatest weight loss effects and number of significant differences in clinical parameters compared to its baseline values-notably, decreases in fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides and an increase in HDL-cholesterol. DSG lowered Megamonas abundance, which was positively associated with BMI, body fat mass, and trunk fat mass. The results suggested that increasing dietary fiber consumption from fruits and vegetables combined with synbiotic supplementation is more effective than either approach alone in tackling obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lauw
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Nelson Kei
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
| | - Po Lam Chan
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- HSK GeneTech Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Tsz Kwan Yau
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Ka Lee Ma
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
| | | | - Janice Su-Chuen Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
| | - Peter Chi Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Hoi Shan Kwan
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- HSK GeneTech Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- ProBioLife Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Hill CM, Paschall MJ, Koller KR, Day GM, Lee FR, O’Brien DM, King DK, Palmer L, Thomas TK, Bersamin A. Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Factors Among Preschool-Aged Head Start Children in Remote Alaska Native Communities: Baseline Data from the " Got Neqpiaq?" Study. Child Obes 2023; 19:498-506. [PMID: 36473164 PMCID: PMC10541932 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: American Indian and Alaska Native preschool-aged children experience a high prevalence of obesity, yet are under-represented in obesity prevention research. This study examined obesity prevalence and dietary risk factors among Alaska Native preschool-aged children in southwest Alaska. Methods: The study used baseline data from "Got Neqpiaq?" a culturally centered multilevel intervention focused on Yup'ik Alaska Native children, aged 3-5 years, enrolled in Head Start in 12 communities in southwest Alaska (n = 155). The primary outcomes were BMI percentile, overweight, and obesity. Dietary factors of interest were measured using biomarkers: traditional food intake (nitrogen stable isotope ratio biomarker), ultraprocessed food intake (carbon stable isotope ratio biomarker), and vegetable and fruit intake (skin carotenoid status biomarker measured by the Veggie Meter). Cardiometabolic markers (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and blood cholesterol) were also measured. Results: Among the Yup'ik preschool-aged children in the study, the median BMI percentile was 91, and the prevalence of overweight or obesity was 70%. The traditional food intake biomarker was negatively associated with BMI, whereas the ultraprocessed foods and vegetable and fruit biomarkers were not associated with BMI. HbA1c and blood cholesterol were within healthy levels. Conclusions: The burden of overweight and obesity is high among Yup'ik preschool-aged children. Traditional food intake is inversely associated with BMI, which underscores the need for culturally grounded interventions that emphasize traditional values and knowledge to support the traditional food systems in Alaska Native communities in southwest Alaska. Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03601299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Hill
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mallie J. Paschall
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Koller
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Gretchen M. Day
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Flora R. Lee
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Diane M. O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Diane K. King
- Center for Behavioral Health Research and Services, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Lea Palmer
- Head Start Program, Rural Alaska Community Action Program, Inc., Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Timothy K. Thomas
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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Hu D, Jia T, Sun X, Zhou T, Huang Y, Sun Z, Zhang C, Sun T, Zhou G. Applications of optical property measurement for quality evaluation of agri-food products: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37691446 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2255260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic techniques coupled with chemometric approaches have been widely used for quality evaluation of agricultural and food (agri-food) products due to the nondestructive, simple, fast, and easy characters. However, these techniques face the issues or challenges of relatively weak robustness, generalizability, and applicability in modeling and prediction because they measure the aggregate amount of light interaction with tissues, resulting in the combined effect of absorption and scattering of photons. Optical property measurement could separate absorption from scattering, providing new insights into more reliable prediction performance in quality evaluation, which is attracting increasing attention. In this review, a brief overview of the currently popular measurement techniques, in terms of light transfer principles and data analysis algorithms, is first presented. Then, the emphases are put on the recent advances of these techniques for measuring optical properties of agri-food products since 2000. Corresponding applications on qualitative and quantitative analyses of quality evaluation, as well as light transfer simulations within tissues, were reviewed. Furthermore, the leading groups working on optical property measurement worldwide are highlighted, which is the first summary to the best of our knowledge. Finally, challenges for optical property measurement are discussed, and some viewpoints on future research directions are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hu
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianze Jia
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Zhou
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Office of Educational Administration, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Zhou
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Kyaw TS, Upadhyay V, Tolstykh I, Van Loon K, Laffan A, Stanfield D, Gempis D, Kenfield SA, Chan JM, Piawah S, Atreya CE, Ng K, Venook A, Kidder W, Turnbaugh PJ, Van Blarigan EL. Variety of Fruit and Vegetables and Alcohol Intake are Associated with Gut Microbial Species and Gene Abundance in Colorectal Cancer Survivors. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:518-529. [PMID: 37474105 PMCID: PMC10550847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines of avoiding obesity, maintaining physical activity, and consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is associated with longer survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Dietary components of the ACS guidelines may act in part by changing the microbiome, which is implicated in CRC outcomes. OBJECTIVES We conducted a pilot cross-sectional study to explore associations between ACS guidelines and the gut microbiome. METHODS Stool samples and questionnaires were collected from 28 CRC survivors at the University of California, San Francisco from 2019 to 2020. ACS scores were calculated based on validated questionnaires. Gut microbial community structure from 16S amplicons and gene/pathway abundances from metagenomics were tested for associations with the ACS score and its components using ANOVA and general linear models. RESULTS The overall ACS score was not significantly associated with variations in the fecal microbiota. However, fruit and vegetable intake and alcohol intake accounted for 19% (P = 0.005) and 13% (P = 0.01) of variation in the microbiota, respectively. Fruit/vegetable consumption was associated with increased microbial diversity, increased Firmicutes, decreased Bacteroidota, and changes to multiple genes and metabolic pathways, including enriched pathways for amino acid and short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis and plant-associated sugar degradation. In contrast, alcohol consumption was positively associated with overall microbial diversity, negatively associated with Bacteroidota abundance, and associated with changes to multiple genes and metabolic pathways. The other components of the ACS score were not statistically significantly associated with the fecal microbiota in our sample. CONCLUSIONS These results guide future studies examining the impact of changes in the intake of fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic drinks on the gut microbiome of CRC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Than S Kyaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Vaibhav Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Irina Tolstykh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Van Loon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Angela Laffan
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dalila Stanfield
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daryll Gempis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stacey A Kenfield
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - June M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sorbarikor Piawah
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chloe E Atreya
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alan Venook
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Wesley Kidder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Erin L Van Blarigan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
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23
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Bahathig A, Abu Saad H. A randomised controlled trial on the dietary intake of Saudi female adolescents living in Arar. East Mediterr Health J 2023; 29:638-649. [PMID: 37698219 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.23.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Lifestyle changes in Saudi Arabia have affected the dietary intake of adolescents, who now consume more unhealthy foods. Aims We assessed the dietary intake of female Saudi Arabian adolescents living in Arar. Method In this randomised cluster study, female students were selected randomly from assigned schools to form the intervention (n = 68) and control (n = 70) groups. Initially, a 60-minute seminar was held for mothers of students in the intervention group. Subsequently, 6 90-minute sessions were held over 3 months for the intervention group on topics such as food groups, healthy and unhealthy eating, body image and physical activity. The data were analysed using generalized estimating equations. Results The interaction effect (group by time) between the groups revealed statistically significant differences for dairy products (P < 0.001), sweetened beverages (P < 0.001), sweetened baked goods (P = 0.022) and fruits and vegetables (P < 0.003). The intervention significantly increased the intake of dairy products (P < 0.001) and fruits and vegetables (P = 0.003). It reduced the intake of sweetened beverages (P < 0.001) and sweetened baked goods (P = 0.010) in the intervention group. Conclusion This intervention showed a grater positive effect on the intervention than the control group; it increased dietary intake of dairy products, fruits and vegetables, and reduced intake of sweetened beverages and sweetened baked goods among the intervention group participants. We recommend similar nutrition interventions among other young Saudi Arabian population groups to prevent obesity and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Bahathig
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Home Economics, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazizi Abu Saad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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24
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Bodnar LM, Kirkpatrick SI, Roberts JM, Kennedy EH, Naimi AI. Is the Association Between Fruits and Vegetables and Preeclampsia Due to Higher Dietary Vitamin C and Carotenoid Intakes? Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:459-467. [PMID: 37321543 PMCID: PMC10447882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets dense in fruits and vegetables are associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia, but pathways underlying this relationship are unclear. Dietary antioxidants may contribute to the protective effect. OBJECTIVE We determined the extent to which the effect of dietary fruit and vegetable density on preeclampsia is because of high intakes of dietary vitamin C and carotenoids. METHODS We used data from 7572 participants in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-be (8 United States medical centers, 2010‒2013). Usual daily periconceptional intake of total fruits and total vegetables was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. We estimated the indirect effect of ≥2.5 cups/1000 kcal of fruits and vegetables through vitamin C and carotenoid on the risk of preeclampsia. We estimated these effects using targeted maximum likelihood estimation and an ensemble of machine learning algorithms, adjusting for confounders, including other dietary components, health behaviors, and psychological, neighborhood, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Participants who consumed ≥2.5 cups of fruits and vegetables per 1000 kcal were less likely than those who consumed <2.5 cups/1000 kcal to develop preeclampsia (6.4% compared with 8.6%). After confounder adjustment, we observed that higher fruit and vegetable density was associated with 2 fewer cases of preeclampsia (risk difference: -2.0; 95% CI: -3.9, -0.1)/100 pregnancies compared with lower density diets. High dietary vitamin C and carotenoid intake was not associated with preeclampsia. The protective effect of high fruit and vegetable density on the risk of preeclampsia and late-onset preeclampsia was not mediated through dietary vitamin C and carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating other nutrients and bioactives in fruits and vegetables and their synergy is worthwhile, along with characterizing the effect of individual fruits or vegetables on preeclampsia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bodnar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M Roberts
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Edward H Kennedy
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ashley I Naimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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25
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Henley Ms K, Reeder Ms N, Persell Bs A, Tolar-Peterson Edd T. Fruit and vegetable liking and intake among college students: a cross-sectional study. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:1815-1821. [PMID: 34242142 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study examined the liking of fruits and vegetables among college students and the relationship between skin carotenoid levels and liking of fruits and vegetables. Participants: Sixty-six undergraduate students enrolled at a university in the southeastern United States participated in this study beginning August 2019. Methods: Skin carotenoid levels were measured using the Veggie Meter® reflection spectroscopy device. Liking of individual fruits and vegetables was measured using a hedonic general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Results: There were significant differences in mean skin carotenoid levels by year of study and age group. Students had a very strong liking for potatoes and pineapple. Veggie Meter scores and overall liking for fruits and vegetables were positively correlated. Conclusions: In order to encourage the consumption of fruits and vegetables, preferences for specific fruits and vegetables as well as accessibility should be considered to better serve and accommodate college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentauria Henley Ms
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Nicole Reeder Ms
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Anna Persell Bs
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Terezie Tolar-Peterson Edd
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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26
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Mironeasa S, Coţovanu I, Mironeasa C, Ungureanu-Iuga M. A Review of the Changes Produced by Extrusion Cooking on the Bioactive Compounds from Vegetal Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1453. [PMID: 37507991 PMCID: PMC10376774 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for healthy ready-to-eat foods like snacks is increasing. Physical modification of vegetal food matrices through extrusion generates significant changes in the chemical composition of the final product. There is a great variety of food matrices that can be used in extrusion, most of them being based on cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, or seeds. The aim of this review was to summarize the main effects of the extrusion process on the bioactive compounds content, namely phenolics, terpenes, vitamins, minerals, and fibers of vegetal mixes, as well as on their biological activity. The literature reported contradictory results regarding the changes in bioactive compounds after extrusion, mainly due to the differences in the processing conditions, chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and nutritional value of the extruded material and quantification methods. The thermolabile phenolics and vitamins were negatively affected by extrusion, while the fiber content was proved to be enhanced. Further research is needed regarding the interactions between bioactive components during extrusion, as well as a more detailed analysis of the impact of extrusion on the terpenes since there are few papers dealing with this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mironeasa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Ionica Coţovanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Costel Mironeasa
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Automotive and Robotics, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mădălina Ungureanu-Iuga
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Mountain Economy Center (CE-MONT), "Costin C. Kiriţescu" National Institute of Economic Researches (INCE), Romanian Academy, 49 Petreni Street, 725700 Vatra Dornei, Romania
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27
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Muzaffar H, Guenther E, Bosse O, Nii-Aponsah H. Effectiveness of Gardening-Only, Cooking-Only and Combined Cooking and Gardening Programs in Elementary Schools to Improve Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3008. [PMID: 37447334 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective is to compare the gardening, cooking, and combined cooking and gardening programs in elementary schools from the past decade (2011-2022) in improving six psychosocial and behavioral outcomes related to fruit and vegetable intake. This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Five scientific databases were searched to identify 4763 potential articles, 44 articles were retained after screening the studies' abstract, and 36 articles were included after further investigation into each intervention. This review included 9 gardening-only programs, 8 cooking-only programs, and 19 combined cooking and gardening programs. The included studies were from 14 different countries with half of these studies took place in the United States (n = 18). Of the outcomes assessed, 100% (10/10) of the studies were effective in improving knowledge/skills, 90% effective in improving attitudes and self-efficacy to consume F and V (9/10), 80% produced significant results for gardening and cooking attitudes/behaviors (8/10) and willingness to try F and V (4/5), 68% (11/16) programs resulted in increase in F and V intake, and 62% (10/16) programs improved F and V preference. This review suggests that gardening-only programs (89%) and cooking-only programs (88%) were slightly more effective in producing significant findings compared to combined programs (84%), but more high-quality interventions are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Muzaffar
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 253 Wirtz Hall, 370 Wirtz Drive, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Eve Guenther
- Clinical Dietitian, Katherine Shaw Bethea Hospital, 1307 West Lincoln Hwy Apt 8118, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Olivia Bosse
- The Emily Program, Eating Disorder Treatment Center, 40 Hutchinson Avenue Apt 434, Columbus, OH 43235, USA
| | - Harold Nii-Aponsah
- School of Education and Health Sciences, North Central College, 30 N Brainard Street, Naperville, IL 60540, USA
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28
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Mudnić Ž, Gaši A, Rešetar J, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Sorić M, Panjkota Krbavčić I, Šatalić Z. Assessment of Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality in Adolescent Dietary Supplement Users vs. Non-Users: The CRO-PALS Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2783. [PMID: 37375687 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplement users tend to have a better diet quality and overall prudent lifestyle. The main goals of this research were to report the prevalence and type of dietary supplements among Croatian adolescents and to examine the differences in the diet quality among dietary supplement users vs. non-users at the beginning (15/16 y) and at the end of high school education (18/19 y). This research is based on results of the longitudinal CRO-PALS study in which 607 adolescents participated, who had complete dietary, anthropometric, and physical activity data at the beginning (15/16 y) and at the end of their high school education (18/19 y). The dietary assessment method used was a single multi-pass 24 h recall. Dietary supplement users were divided into two groups for the purposes of statistical analysis-users of vitamin and multivitamin preparations (VMV) and users of mineral and multivitamin preparations (MMV). As they aged, there was an increase in the consumption of dietary supplements, and the most frequently used preparation in both age groups was vitamin C (23.7% of users). Dietary supplement users had a higher intake of non-carbonated sweetened drinks and a lower intake of fruits and vegetables in both genders and both age groups. Fast food intake was higher among dietary supplement girl users and boys who were not dietary supplements users in both age groups. Dietary supplement users had a higher achieved average intake of most micronutrients (values obtained only from food) in both genders and both age groups (with exceptions for certain vitamins and minerals). By observing other parameters for assessing the diet quality in this research, we can conclude that girls who do not use dietary supplements have a better diet quality in both age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željana Mudnić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amanda Gaši
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Rešetar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova ulica 22, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ines Panjkota Krbavčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Šatalić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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29
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Momin SR, Senn MK, Manichaikul A, Yang C, Mathias R, Phan M, Rich SS, Sergeant S, Seeds M, Reynolds L, Chilton FH, Wood AC. Dietary Sources of Linoleic Acid (LA) Differ by Race/Ethnicity in Adults Participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2017-2018. Nutrients 2023; 15:2779. [PMID: 37375683 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is a primary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), which is of interest to nutritional professionals as it has been associated with health outcomes. However, as some LA-rich foods offer protection against chronic diseases such as CVD (e.g., fatty fish), while others increase risk (e.g., red meat), the individual foods contributing to LA intake may be an important factor to consider. Therefore, this analysis sought to examine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in the proportion of overall LA intake accounted for by individual food groups, via a cross-sectional analysis of 3815 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2017-2018 cycle). Separate multivariable linear regressions models specified the proportion of overall LA intake attributable to each of the nine food groups (dairy, eggs, fat, fish, fruits and vegetables, grains, meat, nuts, and sweets) as the outcome, and race/ethnicity as the predictor, with age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) as covariates, in order to estimate whether there were mean differences by race/ethnicity in the proportion of overall LA intake attributable to each of these foods seperately. After a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, eggs, grains, fruits and vegetables, meat, and fish each accounted for a different proportion of overall LA intake according to racial/ethnic grouping (all p < 0.006 after a Bonferroni correction). These findings indicate the food sources of LA in the diet differ by race/ethnicity, and warrant future investigations into whether this plays a role in health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam R Momin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mackenzie K Senn
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Rasika Mathias
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mimi Phan
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Susan Sergeant
- Department of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Michael Seeds
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Lindsay Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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30
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Sithole Z, Siwela M, Ojo TO, Hlatshwayo SI, Kajombo RJ, Ngidi MSC. Contribution of Fruits and Vegetables to the Household Food Security Situation of Rural Households in Limpopo. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112539. [PMID: 37299502 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity continues to be a burden for many South Africans. The production and consumption of fruits and vegetables have a potential role in improving household food security and are considered one of the critical pathways for reducing food insecurity and malnutrition levels in the country. This paper set out to determine the effect of fruits and vegetables on the food security status of rural households in the Limpopo province. Data (secondary) for this study were collected from 2043 respondents who were selected through stratified random selection based on the population size of the district municipalities in Limpopo. This study used a quantitative research approach, and data were analyzed using a descriptive analysis, the household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS), and a Poisson regression model with an endogenous treatment model. The findings revealed that gender and involvement in agricultural production had a positive significant relationship with the consumption of fruits and vegetables, while disability grants had a negative impact. Age, household size, and receiving a disability grant had a positive significant impact on determining the household food insecurity status; however, gender had a negative significant relationship. This study concluded that the consumption of fruits and vegetables considerably influenced the food security status of the household. There is a need for government officials and local leaders to provide food security interventions that prioritize women and elders. These may include promoting household production and consumption of diversified fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoleka Sithole
- Discipline of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Muthulisi Siwela
- Discipline of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Temitope Oluwaseun Ojo
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220101, Nigeria
- Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Simphiwe Innocentia Hlatshwayo
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Richard Jack Kajombo
- Economic Planning and Development, Capital Hill, Economic Planning Building, Lilongwe P.O. Box 30136, Malawi
| | - Mjabuliseni Simon Cloapas Ngidi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Resource Management, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
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Liao FH, Heinse R, Saul D, Newman S, Huang L, DePhelps C, Peterson S. Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of a Localized Food System and Food Waste Reduction in a Water-Scarce Region Using Diet Optimization Models. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20105890. [PMID: 37239616 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing interest in fresh local produce across the United States, scaling up local agricultural development might impose new environmental pressures on increasingly scarce water and land resources in specific localities. Drawing upon the case of the Palouse of the US Inland Northwest, this study evaluates land and water footprints of local foods along with food waste reduction in a water-scarce region. We used both non-robust and robust diet-optimization techniques to estimate the minimum amounts of irrigation water necessary to grow foods locally and to satisfy the local population's caloric or nutrition needs. Our modeling results indicate that, on an annual basis, an increase of less than 5% of the current freshwater withdrawal on the Palouse could satisfy 10% of the local population's aspirational demand for locally grown food products, while more than 35% of local foods (by mass) may be wasted. Furthermore, reducing food waste by 50% could simultaneously reduce water use by up to 24%, cropland use by 13%, and pastureland use by 20%. Our findings not only provide intriguing information for access to local food but could also be used to stimulate new efforts to increase consumers' and retailers' awareness of environmental benefits associated with food waste reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Haifeng Liao
- Department of Earth and Spatial Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Robert Heinse
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Darin Saul
- Arrowleaf Consulting, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA
| | - Soren Newman
- Arrowleaf Consulting, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA
| | - Li Huang
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Colette DePhelps
- Northern District Extension, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Steven Peterson
- College of Business and Economics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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32
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Jing H, Nie M, Dai Z, Xiao Y, Song J, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Li D. Identification of carotenoids from fruits and vegetables with or without saponification and evaluation of their antioxidant activities. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37204125 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the composition and form of carotenoids in typical fruits and vegetables obtained through saponification or non-saponification and evaluates the correlation between carotenoids and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the content of the total carotenoids in non-saponified broccoli was the highest, reaching 1505.93 ± 71.99 µg/g d.w. The content of the total carotenoids in pumpkin flesh and broccoli after saponification was reduced by 71.82% and 52.02%, respectively. The content of lutein in spinach decreased by 24.4% after saponification, but the content of β-carotene increased compared to non-saponification. After saponification, the total antioxidant activities of apple peel, radish peel, radish flesh, and maize were significantly increased by 30.26%, 91.74%, 425.30%, and 242.88%, respectively. Saponification also improved the antioxidant activities of carotenoids in maize under six different antioxidant assays. The highest correlation was found between the total amount of carotenoids and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (R = 0.945), whereas the correlation coefficients among reducing power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity, and total carotenoids' content were 0.935, 0.851, 0.872, 0.885, and 0.777, respectively, all showing significant correlations. The study demonstrates that saponification can increase the total carotenoid content and antioxidation for apple peel, radish peel, radish flesh, and maize. Moreover, carotenoids were significantly positively correlated with most in vitro antioxidant assays. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the postharvest added value of fruits and vegetables and rationally utilizing their byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Jing
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meimei Nie
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuqing Dai
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yadong Xiao
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangfeng Song
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Ahn S, Ahn S, Jang H, Eom K, Kim YJ, Hwang JE, Chung JI, Park JY, Nam S, Choi YH, Joung H. Validation of resonance Raman spectroscopy-measured skin carotenoid status as a biomarker for fruit and vegetable intake in Korean adults. Br J Nutr 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37184085 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood carotenoid concentration measurement is considered the gold standard for fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake estimation; however, this method is invasive and expensive. Recently, skin carotenoid status (SCS) measured by optical sensors has been evaluated as a promising parameter for F&V intake estimation. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to validate the utility of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)-assessed SCS as a biomarker of F&V intake in Korean adults. We used data from 108 participants aged 20-69 years who completed SCS measurements, blood collection, and 3-d dietary recordings. Serum carotenoid concentrations were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and dietary carotenoid and F&V intakes were estimated via 3-d dietary records using a carotenoid database for common Korean foods. The correlations of the SCS with serum carotenoid concentrations, dietary carotenoid intake, and F&V intake were examined to assess SCS validity. SCS was positively correlated with total serum carotenoid concentration (r=0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.36 to 0.64, P<0.001), serum β-carotene concentration (r=0.60, 95% CI=0.47 to 0.71, P<0.001), total carotenoid intake (r=0.20, 95% CI=0.01 to 0.37, P=0.04), β-carotene intake (r=0.30, 95% CI=0.11 to 0.46, P=0.002), and F&V intake (r=0.40, 95% CI=0.23 to 0.55, P<0.001). These results suggest that SCS can be a valid biomarker of F&V intake in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoeun Ahn
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmo Ahn
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jang
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunsun Eom
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Chung
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Choi
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Guan J, Zeng K, Chen Z. Editorial: Postharvest disease management in fruits and vegetables: recent advances and mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1203010. [PMID: 37234534 PMCID: PMC10206292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1203010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Guan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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35
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Li Z, Huang J, Wang L, Li D, Chen Y, Xu Y, Li L, Xiao H, Luo Z. Novel insight into the role of sulfur dioxide in fruits and vegetables: Chemical interactions, biological activity, metabolism, applications, and safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37128783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) are a category of chemical compounds widely used as additives in food industry. So far, the use of SO2 in fruit and vegetable industry has been indispensable although its safety concerns have been controversial. This article comprehensively reviews the chemical interactions of SO2 with the components of fruit and vegetable products, elaborates its mechanism of antimicrobial, anti-browning, and antioxidation, discusses its roles in regulation of sulfur metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/redox, resistance induction, and quality maintenance in fruits and vegetables, summarizes the application technology of SO2 and its safety in human (absorption, metabolism, toxicity, regulation), and emphasizes the intrinsic metabolism of SO2 and its consequences for the postharvest physiology and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. In order to fully understand the benefits and risks of SO2, more research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of SO2 metabolism in the cells and tissues of fruits and vegetables, and to uncover the interaction mechanisms between SO2 and the components of fruits and vegetables as well as the efficacy and safety of bound SO2. This review has important guiding significance for adjusting an applicable definition of maximum residue limit of SO2 in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanpei Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Ali A, Mansol AS, Khan AA, Muthoosamy K, Siddiqui Y. Electronic nose as a tool for early detection of diseases and quality monitoring in fresh postharvest produce: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2408-2432. [PMID: 37042021 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest diseases and quality degradation are the major factors causing food losses in the fresh produce supply chain. Hence, detecting diseases and quality deterioration at the asymptomatic stage of produce enables growers to treat the diseases earlier, maintain quality and reduce postharvest food losses. With the emergence of numerous technologies to detect diseases early and monitor the quality of fresh produce, such as polymerase chain reaction, gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, and near-infrared spectroscopy, electronic nose (EN) has also gained acknowledgement and popularity in the past decade as a robust and non-invasive analysis tool to detect odor profile and establish volatile biomarkers for metabolomics databases. However, literature reviewing the EN research on the early detection of diseases in produce after harvest is scarce. The fundamental concept of EN working principles (odor sampling, gas detection, and data acquisition method), as well as the application of EN as a whole, are covered in the first section of the review. An in-depth discussion of the application of EN analysis in the early identification of postharvest diseases and quality monitoring is provided in the subsequent sections, which is the key objective of this comprehensive review. The prospect, limitations, and likely future developments of EN in the postharvest sector are further highlighted in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgar Ali
- Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Washington, Australia
- Leaders Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aiman S Mansol
- Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ayesha Ashraf Khan
- Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kasturi Muthoosamy
- Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, University of Nottingham Malaysia Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yasmeen Siddiqui
- Laboratory of Sustainable Agronomy and Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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He X, Pu Y, Chen L, Jiang H, Xu Y, Cao J, Jiang W. A comprehensive review of intelligent packaging for fruits and vegetables: Target responders, classification, applications, and future challenges. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:842-881. [PMID: 36588319 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Post-harvest fruits and vegetables are extremely susceptible to dramatic and accelerated quality deterioration deriving from their metabolism and adverse environmental influences. Given their vigorous physiological metabolism, monitoring means are lacking due to the extent that unnecessary waste and damage are caused. Numerous intelligent packaging studies have been hitherto carried out to investigate their potential for fruit and vegetable quality monitoring. This state-of-the-art overview begins with recent advances in target metabolites for intelligent packaging of fruits and vegetables. Subsequently, the mechanisms of action between metabolites and packaging materials are presented. In particular, the exact categorization and function of intelligent packaging of fruits and vegetables, are all extensively and comprehensively described. In addition, for the sake of further research in this field, the obstacles that impede the scaling up and commercialization of intelligent packaging for fruits and vegetables are also explored, to present valuable references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Pu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Luyao Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Alafif N, Alruwaili NW. Sleep Duration, Body Mass Index, and Dietary Behaviour among KSU Students. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36771217 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents who receive an adequate amount of sleep benefit from a positive health status. Previous studies have documented several health consequences connected with obesity as well as short sleep duration among adolescents. Poor sleep quality with obesity and uncontrolled diet can lead to chronic diseases in the future. This study aimed to examine the link between eating habits, sleep duration, and body mass index (BMI) among King Saud University (KSU) students. METHODS The study was cross-sectional and conducted from February to May 2021 on 311 recruited students (male and female) of KSU premises. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was used to describe sleep duration linked with a dietary pattern that included fruit and vegetable intake. The questionnaire consists of two sections of 15 and 10 questions each. The questionnaire was created using the Google Forms tool and distributed through social media platforms like Twitter and WhatsApp. The obtained data was transferred into excel to perform the statistical analysis. RESULTS The mean total of students who participated in this study was 21.45 ± 23.11. Female students (72.3%) were actively involved in this study. About 30.2% of students were found to be overweight and obese. Around 67.8% of students had insufficient sleep, 32.2% had adequate sleep, and over 70% of students fell asleep within 30 min of going to bed. A total of 71.7% of students showed good sleep quality, whereas 28.3% reported poor sleep quality. BMI was categorized into four groups: 17.7% of individuals were underweight, 52.1% were of normal weight threshold, 20.6% were overweight, and 9.6% were obese. On a regular basis, 12.5% of students consume vegetables and 6.4% fruits daily. The results of this study show that only 8% of students eat breakfast, whereas 62.1% eat lunch, and 29.9% eat dinner. CONCLUSION This study concludes that short sleep duration was associated with obesity among KSU students. This association was also found between sleep duration and dietary factors, specifically in the consumption of fruits and vegetables in terms of eating behaviour.
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Keeton VF, Yu SM, Al-Lami N, Ramilo K, Chavez L, Angila E. Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation of a Child Care Center-Based Produce Delivery Program. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2023; 17:645-652. [PMID: 38286779 PMCID: PMC10832254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular consumption of produce is a challenge for families with young children in low food access areas. OBJECTIVE A community partnership formed to evaluate feasibility of and interest in a child care center-based program for produce delivery from an online grocery vendor. METHODS Surveys were collected from caregivers across three child care centers, including produce program participants. Descriptive statistics summarize household characteristics and participants' experience with the program. RESULTS Challenges related to online payment and difficulty planning delivery times led to implementation of a modified intervention. Survey results revealed factors related to food access and storage that may impact interest and feasibility of online grocery in some communities. CONCLUSIONS Online grocery vendors may increase accessibility to fresh produce for families, but barriers to their use still exist. Trusted community partners such as child care centers may offer some of the resources needed for success.
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Wang S, Wang X, Chang H, Sun H, Liu Y. Establishment of a Method for the Detection of Indaziflam, Spirotetramat, Cyantraniliprole, and Their Metabolites and Application for Fruit and Vegetable Risk Assessment. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:16369-16381. [PMID: 36521106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pesticides in foodstuffs has received increasing amount of attention worldwide. In this study, an efficient and sensitive QuEChERS/HPLC-MS/MS-based method was established for the simultaneous detection of indaziflam, cyantraniliprole, spirotetramat, and their metabolites on fruits and vegetables. The purification procedure and detection condition parameters were optimized. Good precision and reproducibility were found for the method, and the average recoveries of the target analytes ranged from 71 to 118%, with the relative standard deviation ranging from 2 to 12%. The limits of quantification and the limits of detection were 1-5 and 0.3-1.5 μg kg-1, respectively. The proposed method was used to detect three pesticides and their metabolites in fruit and vegetable samples collected from China's major producing regions. Furthermore, the dietary risk posed by the pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables was evaluated by risk quotients (RQs) and risk probabilities (RPs). The RQ and RP values were less than 100% for Chinese consumers. This study not only provides a reliable analytical method for monitoring purposes but also serves as a significant guide for food safety and export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zheng K, Wu X, Chen J, Chen J, Lian W, Su J, Shi L. Establishment of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of 45 Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables from Fujian, China. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248674. [PMID: 36557806 PMCID: PMC9788273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues in food have become an important factor seriously threatening human health. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables commonly found in Fujian, China, with the aim of constructing a simple and rapid method for pesticide residue monitoring. We collected 5607 samples from local markets and analyzed them for the presence of 45 pesticide residues. A fast, easy, inexpensive, effective, robust, and safe (QuEChERS) multi-residue extraction method followed by liquid chromatography equipped with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was successfully established. This 12-min-long analytical method detects and quantifies pesticide residues with acceptable validation performance parameters in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, the limit of quantification, accuracy, and precision. The linear range of the calibration curves ranged from 5 to 200 mg/L, the limits of detection for all pesticides ranged from 0.02 to 1.90 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification for the pesticides were 10 μg/kg. The recovery rates for the three levels of fortification ranged from 72.0% to 118.0%, with precision values (expressed as RSD%) less than 20% for all of the investigated analytes. The results showed that 726 (12.95%) samples were contaminated with pesticide residues, 94 (1.68%) samples exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) of the national standard (GB 2763-2021, China), 632 (11.23%) samples were contaminated with residues below the MRL, and 4881 (87.05%) samples were pesticide residue-free. In addition, the highest number of multiple pesticide residues was observed in bananas and peppers, which were contaminated with acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyraclostrobin, and thiacloprid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Zheng
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350015, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350015, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350015, China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350015, China
| | - Wenhao Lian
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350015, China
| | - Jianfeng Su
- Fujian CCIC-Fairreach Food Safety Testing Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350015, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Domínguez-Avila JA, Salazar-López NJ, Montiel-Herrera M, Martínez-Martínez A, Villegas-Ochoa MA, González-Aguilar GA. Phenolic compounds can induce systemic and central immunomodulation, which result in a neuroprotective effect. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14260. [PMID: 35633197 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation may negatively impact health, particularly that of the central nervous system. Phenolic compounds are bioactive molecules present in fruits and vegetables with potential anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the present work is to review the immunomodulatory bioactivities of phenolic compounds in the periphery and in the central nervous system. Results show that various types of phenolics are able to counter diet- or pathogen-induced systemic inflammation (among others) in various models. In vitro data show significant effects of flavonoids and phenolic acids in particular; similar bioactivities were reported in vivo, when administering them as pure compounds or from fruit and vegetable extracts that contain them. In the central nervous system, phenolics counter chronic inflammation and aggressive acute inflammatory processes, such as ischemic events, when administered preemptively and even therapeutically. We therefore conclude that the immunomodulatory potential of phenolic compounds can maintain an adequate immune response; their regular consumption should therefore be prioritized in order to maintain health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The immune response must be carefully regulated in order to avoid its deleterious effects. The present work highlights how phenolic compounds, dietary components ubiquitous in everyday diet, are able to maintain it within an adequate range. As humans are exposed to more proinflammatory stimuli (inadequate dietary pattern, mental stress, environmental pollution, chronic diseases, etc.), it becomes necessary to counter them, and consuming adequate amounts of foods that contain compounds with this ability is a rather simple strategy. Thus, the present work highlights how fruits and vegetables can help to maintain an adequate immune response that can preserve systemic health and that of the central nervous system. Furthermore, specific compounds contained in them can also be ideal candidates for additional in-depth studies, which can potentially lead to the development of potent, targeted, and safe anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norma J Salazar-López
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Mexicali, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
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43
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Reales-Moreno M, Tonini P, Escorihuela RM, Solanas M, Fernández-Barrés S, Romaguera D, Contreras-Rodríguez O. Ultra-Processed Foods and Drinks Consumption Is Associated with Psychosocial Functioning in Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 36432518 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents show one of the highest rates of ultra-processed foods and drinks (UPF) consumption, and studies indicate an association between their consumption and internalizing problems. We aim to investigate whether UPF consumption associates with dysfunctions in other psychosocial domains, as well as sex effects. In 560 Spanish adolescents (14-17 years old), we assessed the UPF products consumed in the previous day, fruits and vegetables consumption (servings/day), and physical activity (days/week). Psychosocial functioning (total and subscales) was assessed through the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth self-report. Associations between UPF and psychosocial functioning were assessed using linear regression models, adjusting for sex, age, fruits and vegetables consumption, and physical activity. Sex-specific associations were also explored. Participants reported a daily consumption of 7.72 UPF servings per day, with male adolescents showing higher consumption than female adolescents. Consumption of fruits and vegetables and physical activity levels were lower than recommended. Psychosocial impairment was present in 26.2% of the participants. Higher UPF consumption was associated with higher presence of depressive symptoms and internalizing and externalizing problems in the whole sample and in male adolescents. The present study supports previous studies suggesting that UPF consumption may interact with mental health problems and indicates that these effects may go beyond internalizing problems.
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44
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Barbhuiya RI, Tinoco NN, Ramalingam S, Elsayed A, Subramanian J, Routray W, Singh A. A review of nanoparticle synthesis and application in the suppression of diseases in fruits and vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-23. [PMID: 36343386 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2142511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are an integral part of our diet attributed to their appealing taste, flavor, and health-promoting characteristics. However, due to their high-water activity, they are susceptible to microbial spoilage and diseases at any step in the food supply chain, from pre-harvest treatment to post-harvest storage and transportation. As a result, food researchers and engineers are developing innovative technologies that can be used to reduce the loss of fruits and vegetables on-farm and during postharvest processing. The purpose of this study was to gather and discuss the scientific data on the disease-suppressive activity of nanoparticles against plant pathogens. The progress and limitations of innovative approaches for improving nanoparticles' efficiency and dependability have been studied to develop effective substitutes for synthetic chemical fungicides and pesticides, in managing disease in fruits and vegetables. The findings of this study strongly suggests that nanotechnology has the required ability for disease suppression in fruits and vegetables. Applications of specific nanoparticles under specified conditions can enhance nutrition delivery to plants, provide better antibacterial and disease suppression activity. Nanoparticles can also lessen the quantity of agrichemicals/metals released into the environment as compared to standard formulations, which is one of the most impressive advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdallah Elsayed
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Winny Routray
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Yu C, Guo C, Geng X, Yao Y, Guo J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Mi S. Effects of fruits and vegetables on gut microbiota in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:794-805. [PMID: 36789067 PMCID: PMC9922138 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on gut microbiota using a mouse model of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high-fat diet. Forty-eight male mice were randomly divided into four groups, control group (C), high-fat diet-fed model group (H), high fat plus low intake of fruits and vegetables diet-fed group (H.LFV), high fat plus high intake of fruits and vegetables diet-fed group (H.HFV), and each group were fed for 60 days. During the experiment, mouse body weights were recorded and fecal samples were collected. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract fecal bacterial DNA, and the purity and concentration of the DNA were detected by electrophoresis. DNA samples underwent PCR amplification (primers in 16 S V4 (515F and 806R)). Raw sequencing data were processed, and sample complexity and multiple-sample comparisons were investigated. Mouse organ coefficient, serum lipid levels, fecal TC (total cholesterol) and TBA (total bile acid) levels, and hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were determined. Compared to the H group, the fecal TC and TBA levels decreased significantly in the H.HFV group (p < .05), and hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in both H.LFV and H.HFV groups (p < .05). Decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Burkholderiales, Syntrophomonas, and Pseudomonadales in gut microbiota was observed in H.LFV and H.HFV groups compared to the H group. The Anosim results showed significant differences in pairwise comparison between groups. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results showed that k_bacteria not only exhibited statistically differences between H and C groups but also among H.LFV, H.LFV, and H groups, and hence, could be used as a biomarker between groups. To sum up, fruit and vegetable powder could increase the fecal excretion of TC and TBA, and the antioxidant capacity in C57BL/6N mice. Meanwhile, the mechanism that fruit and vegetable powder could prevent MS in C57BL/6N mice was related to the decreased abundance of gut microbiota, including Firmicutes, Syntrophomonadales, and Pseudomonadales. Hence, fruit and vegetable powder could be used as a recommended food to regulate gut microbiota and prevent the occurrence of MS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yu
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cang Guo
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina,Changping LaboratoryBeijingChina
| | - Xueying Geng
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuyang Yao
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junxia Guo
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional FoodsBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional FoodsBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional FoodsBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shengquan Mi
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional FoodsBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
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46
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Calo WA, Marin E, Aumiller B, Murray A, Baptiste C, Bermudez M, Crawford L, DeLoatch V, Kraschnewski JL. Implementing Locally Tailored Strategies to Promote Redemption of Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Vouchers Among WIC Participants in Central Pennsylvania. Health Promot Pract 2022; 23:100S-107S. [PMID: 36374600 PMCID: PMC10440099 DOI: 10.1177/15248399221112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The Pennsylvania Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) provides vouchers to participants of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) to purchase locally grown fruits, vegetables (F&V), and herbs every year from June to November. Voucher redemption is suboptimal among WIC participants in Lebanon County, a community with high numbers of low-income and Hispanic families. Supported by a Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) award, our community-academic coalition partnered with the local WIC provider to implement locally tailored strategies to promote redemption of FMNP vouchers. In 2019, we surveyed FMNP participants (n = 100) to examine opportunities for improved voucher redemption. Increasing sites for voucher use (47%) and a larger variety of F&V (27%) were the most commonly selected improvements participants identified. Participants also supported improvements to increase awareness of available seasonal produce (14%), text/phone reminders to redeem vouchers (13%), and having recipes to cook meals with FMNP-approved F&V (12%). These findings led us to implement a weekly, Farm-to-WIC "grab bag" program in 2020/2021. We partnered with a local farmer to offer a variety of FMNP-approved produce in $3 and $6 grab bags at the local WIC provider. Each grab bag included healthy recipes using the included produce. In 2021, we launched a text/phone reminder intervention to encourage voucher redemption among FMNP participants (n = 57). Our work demonstrates the value of community-academic partnerships to identify and implement feasible strategies that are responsive to local needs as well as supporting existing programs providing greater access to affordable produce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn Marin
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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47
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Tang T, Zhang M, Mujumdar AS. Intelligent detection for fresh-cut fruit and vegetable processing: Imaging technology. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:5171-5198. [PMID: 36156851 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are healthy and convenient ready-to-eat foods, and the final quality is related to the raw materials and each step of the cutting unit. It is necessary to integrate suitable intelligent detection technologies into the production chain so as to inspect each operation to ensure high product quality. In this paper, several imaging technologies that can be applied online to the processing of fresh-cut products are reviewed, including: multispectral/hyperspectral imaging (M/HSI), fluorescence imaging (FI), X-ray imaging (XRI), ultrasonic imaging, thermal imaging (TI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), terahertz imaging, and microwave imaging (MWI). The principles, advantages, and limitations of these imaging technologies are critically summarized. The potential applications of these technologies in online quality control and detection during the fresh-cut processing are comprehensively discussed, including quality of raw materials, contamination of cutting equipment, foreign bodies mixed in the processing, browning and microorganisms of the cutting surface, quality/shelf-life evaluation, and so on. Finally, the challenges and future application prospects of imaging technology in industrialization are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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48
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Qi Y, Rong S, Liao K, Huo J, Lin Q, Hamzah SH. School Gardening, Cooking and Sports Participation Intervention to Improve Fruits and Vegetables Intake and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity among Chinese Children: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14096. [PMID: 36360973 PMCID: PMC9656511 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children has become a global public health problem. Therefore, school-based gardening and cooking (SGC) and sports participation (SP) interventions may be effective in improving children's FV intake and MVPA. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of SGC and SP interventions on FV intake and MVPA among Chinese children. In this cluster randomized controlled trial study, 237 children in grades 4-5 from six public primary schools from Changsha, Hunan Province, China will be randomly assigned to: (1) a SGC and SP combined intervention group; (2) a SP intervention group; (3) a regular practice group. The intervention clusters will be implemented for a period of 6 months and follow up will be carried out after 12 months. The outcome will be collected using a combination of self-reported and objective measures. Primary outcomes will include children's FV intake and duration of MVPA per day, and secondary outcomes will included frequency and attitudes of FV intake and SP, in addition to other measures. Finally, a process evaluation will be used to analyze the facilitators and barriers to intervention implementation. Trial Registration: (Registration Number: ChiCTR2200064141).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Qi
- Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Physical Education and Research, Central South University, 932 Lushan south Rd., Changsha 410083, China
| | - Siyu Rong
- Department of Physical Education and Research, Central South University, 932 Lushan south Rd., Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kunlong Liao
- Zhangshumen Primary School, Halfway Street, Taohualing Village, Changsha 430100, China
| | - Jiaqi Huo
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha 410078, China
| | - Sareena Hanim Hamzah
- Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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49
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Anjali KU, Reshma C, Sruthi NU, Pandiselvam R, Kothakota A, Kumar M, Siliveru K, Marszałek K, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Influence of ozone treatment on functional and rheological characteristics of food products: an updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3687-3701. [PMID: 36268992 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2134292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this milieu, ozone technology has emerged as an avant-garde non-thermal mode of disinfection with potential applications in the food industry. This eco-friendly technology has a comprehendible adeptness in replacing alternative chemical sanitizers and is recognized as a generally safe disinfectant for fruits and vegetables. Several researchers have been focusing on the biochemical impacts of ozone on different quantitative and qualitative aspects of fruits and vegetables. A collection of those works is presented in this review highlighting the effect of ozone on the functional, antioxidant, and rheological properties of food. This can be a benevolent tool for discovering the processing states of ozone applications and ensuing influence on safety and quality attributes of previously studied foods and opening further research areas. It extends shelf life and never leaves any harmful residues on the product since it decomposes to form oxygen. It was seen that the impact on a specific property of food was dependent on the ozone concentration and treatment time, and the adverse effects of ozone exposure can be alleviated once the processing conditions are optimized. The present review can be used as a baseline for designing different food processing operations involving ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K U Anjali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - C Reshma
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - N U Sruthi
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - R Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry, and Post-harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Anjineyulu Kothakota
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaliramesh Siliveru
- Department of Grain Science & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Wu J, Zhang L, Fan K. Recent advances in polysaccharide-based edible coatings for preservation of fruits and vegetables: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3823-3838. [PMID: 36263979 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2136136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Harvested fruits and vegetables are prone to decay and quality deterioration during storage. Although traditional packaging and chemical treatments are effective, they are harmful to the environment and human health. Hence, higher requirements for food preservation technology are increasingly proposed. Nontoxic, renewable, degradable, and edible packaging for fruits and vegetables has become a research hotspot in recent years. Chitosan, alginate, cellulose, pectin, starch, and other polysaccharides as coating materials have been widely used. Compared with traditional plastic packaging and chemical treatment, these coatings exhibited a better preservation effect and higher safety. In this paper, the preservation mechanism of fruits and vegetables by edible coatings treatment was described, and the research on edible coatings used in fruits and vegetables was summarized. The effects polysaccharide-based edible coatings on physicochemical quality and antimicrobial effect of fruits and vegetables were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Yichang Anji Agriculture Co., Ltd, Zhijiang, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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