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Choa R, Panaroni C, Bhatia R, Raje N. It is worth the weight: obesity and the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5510-5523. [PMID: 37493975 PMCID: PMC10515310 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The overweight/obesity epidemic is a serious public health concern that affects >40% of adults globally and increases the risk of numerous chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and various cancers. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a lymphohematopoietic cancer caused by the uncontrolled clonal expansion of plasma cells. Recent studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor not only for MM but also monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor disease state of MM. Furthermore, obesity may promote the transition from MGUS to MM. Thus, in this review, we summarize the epidemiological evidence regarding the role of obesity in MM and MGUS, discuss the biologic mechanisms that drive these disease processes, and detail the obesity-targeted pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions that may reduce the risk of progression from MGUS to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Choa
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Cristina Panaroni
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Roma Bhatia
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Noopur Raje
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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2
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Tentolouris A, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Terpos E. Obesity and multiple myeloma: emerging mechanisms and perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:45-60. [PMID: 37030643 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic that has been associated with the development of breast, endometrial, large intestine, renal, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer. Obesity is also involved in the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, an increase in the incidence of obesity-related cancers has been reported. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, after lymphoma. The aim of this review is to examine the epidemiological data on obesity and MM, assess the effect of obesity on MM outcomes, evaluate the possible mechanisms through which obesity might increase the incidence of MM and provide the effects of obesity management on MM. Current evidence indicates that obesity may have an impact on the progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to MM and increase the prevalence of MM. However, data regarding the effect of obesity on MGUS incidence are controversial; further studies are needed to examine whether obesity affects the development of MGUS or the progression of MGUS to MM. In addition, obesity affects MM outcomes. Increased BMI is associated with decreased survival in patients with MM, while data regarding the effect of obesity on newly diagnosed MM subjects and autologous stem cell transplantation are limited. Interestingly, the obesity paradox may also apply to patients with relapsed/refractory MM who are overweight or obese, because they may have a survival advantage. The pathophysiological pathways linking obesity to MM are very complicated and include bone marrow adipose tissue; adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin; inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6; hormones including insulin and the insulin-like growth factor system as well as sex hormones. In terms of the effect of pharmacological management of obesity, orlistat has been shown to alter the proliferation of MM cells, whereas no data exist on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, naltrexone/bupropion, or phentermine/topiramate. Bariatric surgery may be associated with a reduction in the incidence of MM, however, further studies are needed.
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3
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Marques-Mourlet C, Di Iorio R, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Obesity and myeloma: Clinical and mechanistic contributions to disease progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1118691. [PMID: 36909335 PMCID: PMC9996186 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1118691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and obesogenic behaviors are positively associated with both monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). As the only known modifiable risk factor, this association has emerged as a new potential target for MM prevention, but little is known about the mechanistic relationship of body weight with MM progression. Here we summarize epidemiological correlations between weight, body composition, and the various stages of myeloma disease progression and treatments, as well as the current understanding of the molecular contributions of obesity-induced changes in myeloma cell phenotype and signaling. Finally, we outline groundwork for the future characterization of the relationship between body weight patterns, the bone marrow microenvironment, and MM pathogenesis in animal models, which have the potential to impact our understanding of disease pathogenesis and inform MM prevention messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Marques-Mourlet
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, ME, United States
- University of Strasbourg, Pharmacology Department, Strasbourg, France
| | - Reagan Di Iorio
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, ME, United States
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, United States
| | - Heather Fairfield
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, ME, United States
- University of Maine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, United States
- Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, ME, United States
- University of Maine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, United States
- Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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4
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Aleixo GF, Sheu M, Mirzai S, Majhail NS. Prognostic Impact of Adiposity in Hematological Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA AND LEUKEMIA 2022; 22:726-734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Kleinstern G, Larson DR, Allmer C, Norman AD, Muntifering G, Sinnwell J, Visram A, Rajkumar V, Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Slager SL, Kumar S, Vachon CM. Body mass index associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) progression in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:67. [PMID: 35440099 PMCID: PMC9018764 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant clonal disorder that progresses to multiple myeloma (MM), or other plasma-cell or lymphoid disorders at a rate of 1%/year. We evaluate the contribution of body mass index (BMI) to MGUS progression beyond established clinical factors in a population-based study. We identified 594 MGUS through a population-based screening study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1995 and 2003. Follow-up time was calculated from the date of MGUS to last follow-up, death, or progression to MM/another plasma-cell/lymphoid disorder. BMI (kg/m2 < 25/≥25) was measured close to screening date. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of BMI ≥ 25 versus BMI < 25 with MGUS progression and also evaluated the corresponding c-statistic and 95% CI to describe discrimination of the model for MGUS progression. Median follow-up was 10.5 years (range:0-25), while 465 patients died and 57 progressed and developed MM (N = 39), AL amyloidosis (N = 8), lymphoma (N = 5), or Waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia (N = 5). In univariate analyses, BMI ≥ 25 (HR = 2.14,CI:1.05-4.36, P = 0.04), non-IgG (HR = 2.84, CI:1.68-4.80, P = 0.0001), high monoclonal (M) protein (HR = 2.57, CI:1.50-4.42, P = 0.001), and abnormal free light chain ratio (FLCr) (HR = 3.39, CI:1.98-5.82, P < 0.0001) were associated with increased risk of MGUS progression, and were independently associated in a multivariable model (c-statistic = 0.75, CI:0.68-0.82). The BMI association was stronger among females (HR = 3.55, CI:1.06-11.9, P = 0.04) vs. males (HR = 1.39, CI:0.57-3.36, P = 0.47), although the interaction between BMI and sex was not significant (P = 0.15). In conclusion, high BMI is a prognostic factor for MGUS progression, independent of isotype, M protein, and FLCr. This association may be stronger among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geffen Kleinstern
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dirk R Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cristine Allmer
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aaron D Norman
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jason Sinnwell
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alissa Visram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vincent Rajkumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Dispenzieri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert A Kyle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Parikh R, Tariq SM, Marinac CR, Shah UA. A comprehensive review of the impact of obesity on plasma cell disorders. Leukemia 2022; 36:301-314. [PMID: 34654885 PMCID: PMC8810701 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell malignancy. Although little is known about the etiology of MM, several metabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, poor nutrition, many of which are modifiable, have been linked to the pathogenesis of numerous neoplasms including MM. In this article, we provide a detailed summary of what is known about the impact of obesity on the pathogenesis of MM, its influence on outcomes in MM patients, and discuss potential mechanisms through which obesity is postulated to influence MM risk and prognosis. Along with advancements in treatment modalities to improve survival in MM patients, focused efforts are needed to prevent or intercept MM at its earliest stages. The consolidated findings presented in this review highlight the need for clinical trials to assess if lifestyle modifications can reduce the incidence and improve outcomes of MM in high-risk populations. Data generated from such studies can help formulate evidence-based lifestyle recommendations for the prevention and control of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Parikh
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Myeloma Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Syed Maaz Tariq
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Catherine R. Marinac
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Urvi A. Shah
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York City, NY 10065, USA
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7
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Mulligan ME. Myeloma Response Assessment and Diagnosis System (MY-RADS): strategies for practice implementation. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:11-15. [PMID: 33674886 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Structured reporting systems have been developed for many organ systems and disease processes beginning with BI-RADS in 1993. Numerous reports indicate that referring health care providers prefer structured reports. Reducing variability of reports from one radiologist to another helps referring physician and patient confidence. Changing radiologists practice habits from completely free text to structured reports can be met with some resistance, but most radiologists quickly find that structured reports make their job easier. Whole-body MR studies are recommended as first-line imaging, by the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG), for all patients with suspected diagnosis of asymptomatic myeloma and/or initial diagnosis of solitary plasmacytoma. Whole-body MR imaging (WBMRI) has been shown to have equal or greater sensitivity and specificity compared to PET/CT for detection of bone marrow involvement. Changing to WBMRI from other imaging modalities can be difficult for referring providers. Patient acceptance is high. MY-RADS is for myeloma patients who have WBMRI studies done. The intent of the system is to promote uniformity in MR imaging acquisition, diagnostic criteria, and response assessment and to diminish differences in the subsequent interpretation and reporting. A secondary benefit is a report template that provides a guide for interpretation for radiologists who may not have previously dictated these difficult studies. The characterization of bone marrow abnormalities in myeloma patients usually is fairly straightforward. To date, there is no standardized scoring or risk stratification of abnormalities nor is there an imaging atlas of abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Mulligan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy characterised by the proliferation and accumulation of terminally differentiated abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Patients suffer from bone pain, factures, anaemia, osteolytic lesions and renal failure. Despite recent advancement in therapy MM remains an incurable disease due to the emergences of drug resistance and frequent relapse. For many decades, research has been heavily focused on understanding the relationship between bone cells such as osteoblast, osteocytes and osteoclasts and the infiltrating tumour cells. However, it is now clear that the tumour-supportive bone microenvironment including cellular and non-cellular components play an important role in driving MM progression and bone disease. One of the most abundant cell types in the bone microenvironment is the bone marrow adipocyte (BMAd). Once thought of as inert space filling cells, they have now been recognised as having specialised functions, signalling in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine manner to support normal systemic homeostasis. BMAds are both an energy store and a source of secreted adipokines and bioactive substances, MM cells are able to hijack this metabolic machinery to fuel migration, growth and survival. With global obesity on the rise, it has never been more important to further understand the contribution these cells have in both normal and disease settings. The aim of this review is to summarise the large body of emerging evidence supporting the interplay between BMAds and MM cells and to delineate how they fit into the vicious cycle of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Morris
- Nuffield Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Claire M Edwards
- Nuffield Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Dept. of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
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9
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Georgakopoulou R, Andrikopoulou A, Sergentanis TN, Fiste O, Zagouri F, Gavriatopoulou M, Psaltopoulou T, Kastritis E, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Overweight/Obesity and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 21:361-367. [PMID: 33582053 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and high body mass index (BMI) are associated with increased incidence of multiple myeloma (MM). MM usually evolves from a precursor asymptomatic disease, namely monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). MGUS progresses to MM at a 1% annual rate; however, risk factors predisposing to MGUS are not completely understood. We conducted a systematic review to assess the relationship between obesity and high BMI with MGUS prevalence and progression to MM. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review evaluating the role of obesity in MGUS. PATIENTS AND METHODS We searched the Medline database and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies investigating BMI and obesity association with MGUS incidence and progression. The algorithm consisted of a predefined combination of the words "obesity," "obese," "body mass index," "overweight," "diet," "nutrition," "food," "dietary," "adiponectin," "monoclonal gammopathy," and "MGUS". RESULTS Overall, 12 articles were retrieved, including 11 eligible articles and 1 clinical trial. More than 57,068 patients were evaluated in this systematic review. Discrepancies between the identified studies were noted. Multiple studies support the notion that obesity or high BMI are positively linked to MGUS prevalence and transition to MM. In contrast, other studies revealed no such association. Visceral adipose tissue metabolic activity and decreased adiponectin concentrations were identified as biomarkers of MGUS progression to MM. CONCLUSION Obesity and increased BMI seem to be implicated both in MGUS development and progression to MM. Further studies should be designed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Georgakopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Andrikopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Oraianthi Fiste
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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10
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Marrow uptake on FDG PET/CT is associated with progression from smoldering to symptomatic multiple myeloma. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:79-85. [PMID: 32621061 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine association of body composition measurements on CT and PET with progression of smoldering myeloma to multiple myeloma. METHODS A retrospective cohort study in 65 patients with smoldering myeloma and PET/CT at diagnosis was performed at a tertiary cancer center. Subjects were between 38 and 87 years of age (mean 64) and included 37 males. Primary outcome was progression-free survival as a function of bone, fat, and muscle metrics on CT and PET (measured at the level of L4 pedicles) and clinical confounders. CT metrics included attenuation of L4 and retroperitoneal fat and various indices derived from the psoas muscle. PET measures included SUVmax and SUVmean of L4, retroperitoneal fat, and psoas. Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed with entry and retention criteria of p < 0.1 and p < 0.05, respectively. RESULTS SUVmax and SUVmean were associated for each compartment (R2 = 0.78-0.84), and SUVmean (SUV) was used for subsequent analyses. SUV of the L4 vertebral body was associated with attenuation of the L4 vertebral body (p = 0.0032). There was no association between SUV and CT for muscle and fat compartments. In the subset of patients with bone marrow biopsy results (n = 43), there was no association between SUV of L4 and plasma cell concentration on core biopsy or flow cytometry (p = 0.089 and 0.072, respectively). The final Cox model showed association with albumin (HR 0.29, 95%CI 0.088-0.93, p = 0.038), M protein (HR 1.31, 95%CI 1.021-1.68, p = 0.034), and SUV of L4 (HR 1.99, 95%CI 1.037-3.82, p = 0.039). CONCLUSION SUV of L4 is a prognostic indicator in patients with smoldering myeloma.
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11
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Hemke R, Buckless C, Torriani M. Quantitative Imaging of Body Composition. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2020; 24:375-385. [PMID: 32992366 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Body composition refers to the amount and distribution of lean tissue, adipose tissue, and bone in the human body. Lean tissue primarily consists of skeletal muscle; adipose tissue comprises mostly abdominal visceral adipose tissue and abdominal and nonabdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Hepatocellular and myocellular lipids are also fat pools with important metabolic implications. Importantly, body composition reflects generalized processes such as increased adiposity in obesity and age-related loss of muscle mass known as sarcopenia.In recent years, body composition has been extensively studied quantitatively to predict overall health. Multiple imaging methods have allowed precise estimates of tissue types and provided insights showing the relationship of body composition to varied pathologic conditions. In this review article, we discuss different imaging methods used to quantify body composition and describe important anatomical locations where target tissues can be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hemke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colleen Buckless
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Torriani
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Novel Body Composition Predictors of Outcome in Patients With Angiosarcoma of the Breast: A Preliminary Study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2020; 44:605-609. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Brown adipose tissue and cancer progression. Skeletal Radiol 2020; 49:635-639. [PMID: 31650208 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-019-03322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to determine the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in cancer progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study was approved by our institutional review board and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant. Our study group comprised 132 cancer patients (116 f, 16 m; mean age 50 ± 16 years) who underwent F18-FDG PET/CT per standard clinical protocol, for staging or surveillance of cancer. We included patients who were BAT-positive on PET/CT and had clinical follow-up data available for at least 12 months or until tumor recurrence or tumor-related death, whichever occurred first. BAT volume by PET/CT was quantified by PET-CT Viewer shareware. Clinical information including tumor type, tumor recurrence, survival, and outside temperature at time of scan were recorded. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine longitudinal associations between BAT volume and tumor recurrence/mortality. RESULTS There were 55 tumor recurrences/tumor-related deaths over a median follow-up period of 71 (33; 110 interquartile range) months. Higher BAT volume was associated with an increased likelihood of tumor recurrence/tumor-associated mortality after adjustment for covariates (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION BAT volume, assessed using routine PET/CT, is a predictor of tumor recurrence/mortality in patients with cancer, independent of other factors that can influence BAT activity, such as sex, age, BMI, or tumor type.
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14
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de Boer SA, Spoor DS, Slart RHJA, Mulder DJ, Reijrink M, Borra RJH, Kramer GM, Hoekstra OS, Boellaard R, Greuter MJ. Performance Evaluation of a Semi-automated Method for [ 18F]FDG Uptake in Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:159-167. [PMID: 29789994 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severity of abdominal obesity and possibly levels of metabolic activity of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this context, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the reproducibility and repeatability of a semi-automated method for assessment of the metabolic activity of VAT using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/x-ray computed tomography (CT). PROCEDURES Ten patients with lung cancer who underwent two baseline whole-body [18F]FDG PET/low-dose (LD) CT scans within 1 week were included. Abdominal VAT was automatically segmented using CT between levels L1-L5. The initial CT-based segmentation was further optimized using PET data with a standardized uptake value (SUV) threshold approach (range 1.0-2.5) and morphological erosion (range 0-5 pixels). The [18F]FDG uptake in SUV that was measured by the automated method was compared with manual analysis. The reproducibility and repeatability were quantified using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS The metabolic assessment of VAT on [18F]FDG PET/LDCT scans expressed as SUVmean, using an automated method showed high inter and intra observer (all ICCs > 0.99) and overall repeatability (ICC = 0.98). The manual method showed reproducible inter observer (all ICCs > 0.92), but less intra observer (ICC = 0.57) and less overall repeatability (ICC = 0.78) compared with the automated method. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed semi-automated method provided reproducible and repeatable quantitative analysis of [18F]FDG uptake in VAT. We expect this method to aid future research regarding the role of VAT in development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A de Boer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, HP AA41, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daan S Spoor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe J Mulder
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, HP AA41, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Reijrink
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, HP AA41, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J H Borra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Medical Imaging Center of Southwest Finland, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerbrand M Kramer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Otto S Hoekstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J Greuter
- Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Béréziat V, Mazurier C, Auclair M, Ferrand N, Jolly S, Marie T, Kobari L, Toillon I, Delhommeau F, Fève B, Larsen AK, Sabbah M, Garderet L. Systemic Dysfunction of Osteoblast Differentiation in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050441. [PMID: 31083455 PMCID: PMC6562713 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by bone lesions linked to increased osteoclast and decreased osteoblast activities. In particular, the osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells (MSC) is impaired. Among the potential therapeutic tools for counteracting bone lesions, adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) could represent an appealing source for regenerative medicine due to their similar characteristics with MSC. Our study is among the first giving detailed insights into the osteoblastogenic capacities of ASC isolated by fat aspiration from myeloma patients (MM-ASC) compared to healthy subjects (HD-ASC). We showed that MM-ASC and HD-ASC exhibited comparable morphology, proliferative capacity, and immunophenotype. Unexpectedly, although normal in adipocyte differentiation, MM-ASC present a defective osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by less calcium deposition, decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, and downregulation of RUNX2 and osteocalcin. Furthermore, these ASC-derived osteoblasts displayed enhanced senescence, as shown by an increased β-galactosidase activity and cell cycle inhibitors expression (p16INK4A, p21WAF1/CIP1.), associated with a markedly increased expression of DKK1, a major inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis in multiple myeloma. Interestingly, inhibition of DKK1 attenuated senescence and rescued osteoblast differentiation, highlighting its key role. Our findings show, for the first time, that multiple myeloma is a systemic disease and suggest that ASC from patients would be unsuitable for tissue engineering designed to treat myeloma-associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Béréziat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Genetic and acquired lipodystrophies, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Christelle Mazurier
- orbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, F-75012 Paris, France.
- EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Créteil, F-94017 Paris, France.
| | - Martine Auclair
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Genetic and acquired lipodystrophies, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Ferrand
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine- Team Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Séverine Jolly
- orbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, F-75012 Paris, France.
- EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Créteil, F-94017 Paris, France.
| | - Tiffany Marie
- orbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, F-75012 Paris, France.
- EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Créteil, F-94017 Paris, France.
| | - Ladan Kobari
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Indira Toillon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Genetic and acquired lipodystrophies, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - François Delhommeau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Genetic and acquired lipodystrophies, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, service d'Endocrinologie, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Annette K Larsen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine- Team Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine- Team Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Garderet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département d'Hématologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, F-75012 Paris, France.
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16
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Luo G, He Y, Yu X. Bone Marrow Adipocyte: An Intimate Partner With Tumor Cells in Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:339. [PMID: 30013512 PMCID: PMC6036292 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidences of bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer still remains a puzzling issue. The "seeds and soil" hypothesis suggested that bone marrow (soil) may provide a favorable "niche" for tumor cells (seed). When seeking for effective ways to prevent and treat tumor bone metastasis, most researchers focus on tumor cells (seed) but not the bone marrow microenvironment (soil). In reality, only a fraction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could survive and colonize in bone. Thus, the bone marrow microenvironment could ultimately determine the fate of tumor cells that have migrated to bone. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are abundant in the bone marrow microenvironment. Mounting evidence suggests that BMAs may play a dominant role in bone metastasis. BMAs could directly provide energy for tumor cells, enhance the tumor cell proliferation, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. BMAs are also known for releasing some inflammatory factors and adipocytokines to promote or inhibit bone metastasis. In this review, we made a comprehensive summary for the interaction between BMAs and bone metastasis. More importantly, we discussed the potentially promising methods for the prevention and treatment of bone metastasis. Genetic disruption and pharmaceutical inhibition may be effective in inhibiting the formation and pro-tumor functions of BMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Luo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuedong He
- Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Yuedong He
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xijie Yu ;
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17
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Falank C, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Reflections on Cancer in the Bone Marrow: Adverse Roles of Adipocytes. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:254-262. [PMID: 29399440 PMCID: PMC5791905 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances in our understanding of adipocyte contributions to carcinogenesis or cancer disease progression for cancers in the bone. PURPOSE In this review, we aim to describe bone marrow adipose tissue and discuss the soluble adipocyte-derived cytokines (adipokines) or endocrine factors, adipocyte-derived lipids, and the actual or putative juxtacrine signaling between bone marrow adipocytes and tumor cells in the bone marrow. This relationship likely affects tumor cell initiation, proliferation, metastasis, and/or drug resistance. RECENT FINDINGS Bone marrow adipose may affect tumor proliferation, drug resistance, or cancer-induced bone disease and hence may be a new target in the fight against cancer. SUMMARY Overall, evidence is mixed regarding the role of bone marrow adipose and adipocytes in cancer progression, and more research in this arena is necessary to determine how these bone marrow microenvironmental cells contribute to malignancies in the marrow to identify novel, potentially targetable pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Obesity and risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and progression to multiple myeloma: a population-based study. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2186-2192. [PMID: 29296866 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017007609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All multiple myeloma (MM) cases are preceded by the premalignant state monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Results from previous studies show a positive association between obesity and MM; however, the association between obesity and MGUS is controversial. The aims were to determine (1) if obesity is associated with an increased risk of MGUS and light-chain MGUS (LC-MGUS) and (2) whether obesity is associated with a higher risk of progression to MM and other lymphoproliferative (LP) diseases. Data from the population-based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (N = 5764) were used. We performed serum protein electrophoresis and serum free light-chain assay on all subjects to identify MGUS and LC-MGUS cases. We included 11 different measures on current and previous obesity in our analysis. Logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazard regression were used to analyze the associations. A total of 300 (5.2%) MGUS and 275 (4.8%) LC-MGUS cases were identified. During a median follow-up of 8 years, 18 had progressed to MM and 11 to other LP diseases. We found no association between the 11 obesity markers and MGUS or LC-MGUS (odds ratios 0.81 to 1.15 for all 11 variables in both conditions). Interestingly, we found that high midlife body mass index increased risk of progression to MM and other LP diseases (hazard ratio, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-6.05). To conclude, obesity was not associated with MGUS. However, we found overweight/obesity to be a risk factor for progression from MGUS to MM and other LP diseases, suggesting that obesity plays a role in the transformation of MGUS to MM.
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone disease is a defining characteristic of multiple myeloma (MM) and the major cause of morbidity. It manifests as lytic lesions or osteopenia and is often associated with severe pain, pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, vertebral collapse, and hypercalcemia. Here, we have reviewed recent data on understanding its biology and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The imbalance between bone regeneration and bone resorption underlies the pathogenesis of osteolytic bone disease. Increased osteoclast proliferation and activity accompanied by inhibition of bone-forming osteoblasts leads to progressive bone loss and lytic lesions. Although tremendous progress has been made, MM remains an incurable disease. Novel agents targeting bone disease are under investigation with the goal of not only preventing bone loss and improving bone quality but also harnessing MM tumor growth. Current data illustrate that the interactions between MM cells and the tumor-bone microenvironment contribute to the bone disease and continued MM progression. A better understanding of this microenvironment is critical for novel therapeutic treatments of both MM and associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panaroni
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J Yee
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Noopur S Raje
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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20
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Rosenthal DI, Kransdorf M, Astrom G. Skeletal Radiology: the year in review 2016. Skeletal Radiol 2017; 46:295-298. [PMID: 28012122 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-016-2556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A look back at Skeletal Radiology in 2016 reveals a sizable number of publications that significantly advanced the state of knowledge about diseases of the musculoskeletal system. This review summarizes the content of some of the most intriguing papers of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Rosenthal
- Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | | | - Gunnar Astrom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Abstract
PET-magnetic resonance (MR) is a hybrid imaging modality that combines PET and MR. Evidence for this new modality is in the process of being developed, but both component modalities are well tested in the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma. It allows advanced bimodality imaging of the whole body with an adaptable field of view and it can be used for monitoring plasma cell dyscrasias for progression to multiple myeloma, for assessing disease burden in patients with known multiple myeloma, for assessing response to therapy and relapse after remission, and for radiation therapy treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shetal N Shah
- Abdominal Imaging Section and Nuclear Medicine Department, Imaging Institute and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Mail Code JB3, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Jorge D Oldan
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, 2006 Old Clinic, CB# 7510, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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