1
|
de Franca MNF, Isidório RG, Bonifacio JHO, Dos Santos EWP, Santos JF, Ottoni FM, de Lucca Junior W, Scher R, Alves RJ, Corrêa CB. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of glycosidic derivatives of lawsone in melanoma cancer cell. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:662. [PMID: 34078316 PMCID: PMC8173884 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a malignant cancer that affects melanocytes and is considered the most aggressive skin-type cancer. The prevalence for melanoma cancer for the last five year is about one million cases. The impact caused of this and other types of cancer, revel the importance of research into potential active compounds. The natural products are an important source of compounds with biological activity and research with natural products may enable the discovery of compounds with potential activity in tumor cells. Methods The Sulforhodamine B was used to determine cell density after treatment with lawsone derivatives. Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed by flow cytometer. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescence using the Phalloidin/FITC and DAPI stains. The clonogenic and wound healing assays were used to analyze reduction of colonies formation and migratory capacity of melanoma cells, respectability. Results In pharmacological screening, seven compounds derived from lawsone were considered to have high cytotoxic activity (GI > 75%). Three compounds were selected to assess the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cells (IC50), and the compound 9, that has IC50 5.3 μM in melanoma cells, was selected for further analyses in this cell line. The clonogenic assay showed that the compound is capable of reducing the formation of melanoma colonies at 10.6 μM concentration. The compound induced apoptotic morphological changes in melanoma cells and increased by 50% the cells dying from apoptosis. Also, this compound reduced the migratory capacity of melanoma cells. Conclusions The results of this study showed that the evaluated lawsone derivatives have potential activity on tumor cells. The compound 9 is capable of inducing cell death by apoptosis in melanoma cells (B16F10). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08404-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil.,Graduate program in health sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Raquel Geralda Isidório
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Oliveira Bonifacio
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Edmilson Willian Propheta Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil.,Graduate program in health sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jileno Ferreira Santos
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Flaviano Melo Ottoni
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Waldecy de Lucca Junior
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience of Sergipe, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Scher
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bani Corrêa
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil. .,Graduate program in health sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marcu LG. Imaging Biomarkers of Tumour Proliferation and Invasion for Personalised Lung Cancer Therapy. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040222. [PMID: 33198090 PMCID: PMC7711676 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalised treatment in oncology has seen great developments over the last decade, due to both technological advances and more in-depth knowledge of radiobiological processes occurring in tumours. Lung cancer therapy is no exception, as new molecular targets have been identified to further increase treatment specificity and sensitivity. Yet, tumour resistance to treatment is still one of the main reasons for treatment failure. This is due to a number of factors, among which tumour proliferation, the presence of cancer stem cells and the metastatic potential of the primary tumour are key features that require better controlling to further improve cancer management in general, and lung cancer treatment in particular. Imaging biomarkers play a key role in the identification of biological particularities within tumours and therefore are an important component of treatment personalisation in radiotherapy. Imaging techniques such as PET, SPECT, MRI that employ tumour-specific biomarkers already play a critical role in patient stratification towards individualized treatment. The aim of the current paper is to describe the radiobiological challenges of lung cancer treatment in relation to the latest imaging biomarkers that can aid in the identification of hostile cellular features for further treatment adaptation and tailoring to the individual patient’s needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana G. Marcu
- Faculty of Informatics and Science, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lecoq P, Morel C, Prior JO, Visvikis D, Gundacker S, Auffray E, Križan P, Turtos RM, Thers D, Charbon E, Varela J, de La Taille C, Rivetti A, Breton D, Pratte JF, Nuyts J, Surti S, Vandenberghe S, Marsden P, Parodi K, Benlloch JM, Benoit M. Roadmap toward the 10 ps time-of-flight PET challenge. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:21RM01. [PMID: 32434156 PMCID: PMC7721485 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the seventies, positron emission tomography (PET) has become an invaluable medical molecular imaging modality with an unprecedented sensitivity at the picomolar level, especially for cancer diagnosis and the monitoring of its response to therapy. More recently, its combination with x-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) has added high precision anatomic information in fused PET/CT and PET/MR images, thus compensating for the modest intrinsic spatial resolution of PET. Nevertheless, a number of medical challenges call for further improvements in PET sensitivity. These concern in particular new treatment opportunities in the context personalized (also called precision) medicine, such as the need to dynamically track a small number of cells in cancer immunotherapy or stem cells for tissue repair procedures. A better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the image would allow detecting smaller size tumours together with a better staging of the patients, thus increasing the chances of putting cancer in complete remission. Moreover, there is an increasing demand for reducing the radioactive doses injected to the patients without impairing image quality. There are three ways to improve PET scanner sensitivity: improving detector efficiency, increasing geometrical acceptance of the imaging device and pushing the timing performance of the detectors. Currently, some pre-localization of the electron-positron annihilation along a line-of-response (LOR) given by the detection of a pair of annihilation photons is provided by the detection of the time difference between the two photons, also known as the time-of-flight (TOF) difference of the photons, whose accuracy is given by the coincidence time resolution (CTR). A CTR of about 10 picoseconds FWHM will ultimately allow to obtain a direct 3D volume representation of the activity distribution of a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical, at the millimetre level, thus introducing a quantum leap in PET imaging and quantification and fostering more frequent use of 11C radiopharmaceuticals. The present roadmap article toward the advent of 10 ps TOF-PET addresses the status and current/future challenges along the development of TOF-PET with the objective to reach this mythic 10 ps frontier that will open the door to real-time volume imaging virtually without tomographic inversion. The medical impact and prospects to achieve this technological revolution from the detection and image reconstruction point-of-views, together with a few perspectives beyond the TOF-PET application are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lecoq
- CERN, department EP, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
One major characteristic of programmed cell death (apoptosis) results in the increased expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane of dying cells. Consequently, PS represents an excellent target for non-invasive imaging of apoptosis by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Annexin V is a 36 kDa protein which binds with high affinity to PS in the presence of Ca2+ ions. This makes radiolabeled annexins valuable apoptosis imaging agents for clinical and biomedical research applications for monitoring apoptosis in vivo. However, the use of radiolabeled annexin V for in vivo imaging of cell death has been met with a variety of challenges which have prevented its translation into the clinic. These difficulties include: complicated and time-consuming radiolabeling procedures, sub-optimal biodistribution, inadequate pharmacokinetics leading to poor tumour-to-blood contrast ratios, reliance upon Ca2+ concentrations in vivo, low tumor tissue penetration, and an incomplete understanding of what constitutes the best imaging protocol following induction of apoptosis. Therefore, new concepts and improved strategies for the development of PS-binding radiotracers are needed. Radiolabeled PS-binding peptides and various Zn(II) complexes as phosphate chemosensors offer an innovative strategy for radionuclide-based molecular imaging of apoptosis with PET and SPECT. Radiolabeled peptides and Zn(II) complexes provide several advantages over annexin V including better pharmacokinetics due to their smaller size, better availability, simpler synthesis and radiolabeling strategies as well as facilitated tissue penetration due to their smaller size and faster blood clearance profile allowing for optimized image contrast. In addition, peptides can be structurally modified to improve metabolic stability along with other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The present review will summarize the current status of radiolabeled annexins, peptides and Zn(II) complexes developed as radiotracers for imaging apoptosis through targeting PS utilizing PET and SPECT imaging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang X, McKinley ET, Xie J, Li H, Xu J, Gore JC. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of treatment-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9540. [PMID: 31266982 PMCID: PMC6606573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging apoptosis could provide an early and specific means to monitor tumor responses to treatment. To date, despite numerous attempts to develop molecular imaging approaches, there is still no widely-accepted and reliable method for in vivo imaging of apoptosis. We hypothesized that the distinct cellular morphologic changes associated with treatment-induced apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, cytoplasm condensation, and DNA fragmentation, can be detected by temporal diffusion spectroscopy imaging (TDSI). Cetuximab-induced apoptosis was assessed in vitro and in vivo with cetuximab-sensitive (DiFi) and insensitive (HCT-116) human colorectal cancer cell lines by TDSI. TDSI findings were complemented by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Cell cycle analysis and flow cytometry detected apoptotic cell shrinkage in cetuximab-treated DiFi cells, and significant apoptosis was confirmed by histology. TDSI-derived parameters quantified key morphological changes including cell size decreases during apoptosis in responsive tumors that occurred earlier than gross tumor volume regression. TDSI provides a unique measurement of apoptosis by identifying cellular characteristics, particularly cell shrinkage. The method will assist in understanding the underlying biology of solid tumors and predict tumor response to therapies. TDSI is free of any exogenous agent or radiation, and hence is very suitable to be incorporated into clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jiang
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jingping Xie
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Junzhong Xu
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - John C Gore
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aoki M, Odani A, Ogawa K. Development of radiolabeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complexes for cell death imaging. Ann Nucl Med 2019; 33:317-325. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-019-01339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Haskali MB, Denoyer D, Roselt PD, Hicks RJ, Hutton CA. Radiosynthesis and preliminary in vivo evaluation of 18F-labelled glycosylated duramycin peptides for imaging of phosphatidylethanolamine during apoptosis. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9md00354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[18F]-Labelled duramycin derivatives incorporating hydrophilic aminogalacturonic acid moieties were prepared as tracers for in vivo imaging of phosphatidylethanolamine during apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B. Haskali
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
| | - Delphine Denoyer
- The Centre for Molecular Imaging and Translational Research Laboratory
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Peter D. Roselt
- The Centre for Molecular Imaging and Translational Research Laboratory
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Rodney J. Hicks
- The Centre for Molecular Imaging and Translational Research Laboratory
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
- Melbourne
- Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology
| | - Craig A. Hutton
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Yin Q, Berridge M, Wang C. Application of molecular imaging technology in neurotoxicology research. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 36:113-124. [PMID: 30199343 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2018.1492200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has been widely applied in preclinical research. Among these new molecular imaging modalities, microPET imaging can be utilized as a very powerful tool that can obtain the measurements of multiple biological processes in various organs repeatedly in a same subject. This review discusses how this new approach provides noninvasive biomarker for neurotoxicology research and summarizes microPET findings with multiple radiotracers on the variety of neurotoxicity induced by toxic agents in both the rodent and the nonhuman primate brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- a Division of Neurotoxicology , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
| | - Qi Yin
- a Division of Neurotoxicology , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
| | - Marc Berridge
- b 3D Imaging, LLC, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Che Wang
- a Division of Neurotoxicology , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li K, Chan CT, Nejadnik H, Lenkov OD, Wolterman C, Paulmurugan R, Yang H, Gambhir SS, Daldrup-Link HE. Ferumoxytol-based Dual-modality Imaging Probe for Detection of Stem Cell Transplant Rejection. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:306-319. [PMID: 29977742 PMCID: PMC6030766 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.26389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Stem cell transplants are an effective approach to repair large bone defects. However, comprehensive techniques to monitor the fate of transplanted stem cells in vivo are lacking. Such strategies would enable corrective interventions at an early stage and greatly benefit the development of more successful tissue regeneration approaches. In this study, we designed and synthesized a dual-modality imaging probe (Feru-AFC) that can simultaneously localize transplanted stem cells and diagnose immune rejection-induced apoptosis at an early stage in vivo. Methods: We used a customized caspase-3 cleavable peptide-dye conjugate to modify the surface of clinically approved ferumoxytol nanoparticles (NPs) to generate the dual-modality imaging probe with fluorescence "light-up" feature. We labeled both mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs, matched) and pig mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs, mismatched) with the probe and transplanted the labeled cells with biocompatible scaffold at the calvarial defects in mice. We then employed intravital microscopy (IVM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the localization, engraftment, and viability of matched and mismatched stem cells, followed by histological analyses to evaluate the results obtained from in vivo studies. Results: The Feru-AFC NPs showed good cellular uptake efficiency in the presence of lipofectin without cytotoxicity to mMSCs and pMSCs. The fluorescence of Feru-AFC NPs was turned on inside apoptotic cells due to the cleavage of peptide by activated caspase-3 and subsequent release of fluorescence dye molecules. Upon transplantation at the calvarial defects in mice, the intense fluorescence from the cleaved Feru-AFC NPs in apoptotic pMSCs was observed with a concomitant decrease in the overall cell number from days 1 to 6. In contrast, the Feru-AFC NP-treated mMSCs exhibited minimum fluorescence and the cell number also remained similar. Furthermore, in vivo MRI of the Feru-AFC NP-treated mMSC and pMSCs transplants could clearly indicate the localization of matched and mismatched cells, respectively. Conclusions: We successfully developed a dual-modality imaging probe for evaluation of the localization and viability of transplanted stem cells in mouse calvarial defects. Using ferumoxytol NPs as the platform, our Feru-AFC NPs are superparamagnetic and display a fluorescence "light-up" signature upon exposure to activated caspase-3. The results show that the probe is a promising tool for long-term stem cell tracking through MRI and early diagnosis of immune rejection-induced apoptosis through longitudinal fluorescence imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, ASTAR, Singapore, 138634
| | - Carmel T Chan
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Olga D Lenkov
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Cody Wolterman
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marcu LG, Moghaddasi L, Bezak E. Imaging of Tumor Characteristics and Molecular Pathways With PET: Developments Over the Last Decade Toward Personalized Cancer Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:1165-1182. [PMID: 29907486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improvements in personalized therapy are made possible by the advances in molecular biology that led to developments in molecular imaging, allowing highly specific in vivo imaging of biological processes. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most specific and sensitive imaging technique for in vivo molecular targets and pathways, offering quantification and evaluation of functional properties of the targeted anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work is an integrative research review that summarizes and evaluates the accumulated current status of knowledge of recent advances in PET imaging for cancer diagnosis and treatment, concentrating on novel radiotracers and evaluating their advantages and disadvantages in cancer characterization. Medline search was conducted, limited to English publications from 2007 onward. Identified manuscripts were evaluated for most recent developments in PET imaging of cancer hypoxia, angiogenesis, proliferation, and clonogenic cancer stem cells (CSC). RESULTS There is an expansion observed from purely metabolic-based PET imaging toward antibody-based PET to achieve more information on cancer characteristics to identify hypoxia, proangiogenic factors, CSC, and others. 64Cu-ATSM, for example, can be used both as a hypoxia and a CSC marker. CONCLUSIONS Progress in the field of functional imaging will possibly lead to more specific tumor targeting and personalized treatment, increasing tumor control and improving quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Gabriela Marcu
- Faculty of Science, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Leyla Moghaddasi
- GenesisCare, Tennyson Centre, Adelaide SA, Australia; Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA, Australia; Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rybczynska AA, Boersma HH, de Jong S, Gietema JA, Noordzij W, Dierckx RAJO, Elsinga PH, van Waarde A. Avenues to molecular imaging of dying cells: Focus on cancer. Med Res Rev 2018. [PMID: 29528513 PMCID: PMC6220832 DOI: 10.1002/med.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of cancer patients requires balancing of the dose, timing, and type of therapeutic regimen. Detection of increased cell death may serve as a predictor of the eventual therapeutic success. Imaging of cell death may thus lead to early identification of treatment responders and nonresponders, and to “patient‐tailored therapy.” Cell death in organs and tissues of the human body can be visualized, using positron emission tomography or single‐photon emission computed tomography, although unsolved problems remain concerning target selection, tracer pharmacokinetics, target‐to‐nontarget ratio, and spatial and temporal resolution of the scans. Phosphatidylserine exposure by dying cells has been the most extensively studied imaging target. However, visualization of this process with radiolabeled Annexin A5 has not become routine in the clinical setting. Classification of death modes is no longer based only on cell morphology but also on biochemistry, and apoptosis is no longer found to be the preponderant mechanism of cell death after antitumor therapy, as was earlier believed. These conceptual changes have affected radiochemical efforts. Novel probes targeting changes in membrane permeability, cytoplasmic pH, mitochondrial membrane potential, or caspase activation have recently been explored. In this review, we discuss molecular changes in tumors which can be targeted to visualize cell death and we propose promising biomarkers for future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Rybczynska
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
SPECT and PET radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging of apoptosis: from bench to clinic. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20476-20495. [PMID: 28108738 PMCID: PMC5386778 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the central role of apoptosis in many human diseases and the wide-spread application of apoptosis-based therapeutics, molecular imaging of apoptosis in clinical practice is of great interest for clinicians, and holds great promises. Based on the well-defined biochemical changes for apoptosis, a rich assortment of probes and approaches have been developed for molecular imaging of apoptosis with various imaging modalities. Among these imaging techniques, nuclear imaging (including single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography) remains the premier clinical method owing to their high specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, the corresponding radiopharmaceuticals have been a major focus, and some of them like 99mTc-Annexin V, 18F-ML-10, 18F-CP18, and 18F-ICMT-11 are currently under clinical investigations in Phase I/II or Phase II/III clinical trials on a wide scope of diseases. In this review, we summarize these radiopharmaceuticals that have been widely used in clinical trials and elaborate them in terms of radiosynthesis, pharmacokinetics and dosimetry, and their applications in different clinical stages. We also explore the unique features required to qualify a desirable radiopharmaceutical for imaging apoptosis in clinical practice. Particularly, a perspective of the impact of these clinical efforts, namely, apoptosis imaging as predictive and prognostic markers, early-response indicators and surrogate endpoints, is also the highlight of this review.
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Head T, Dau P, Duffort S, Daftarian P, Joshi PM, Vazquez-Padron R, Deo SK, Daunert S. An enhanced bioluminescence-based Annexin V probe for apoptosis detection in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2826. [PMID: 28542141 PMCID: PMC5520691 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of controlled cellular death known as apoptosis has an important central role not only in normal homeostatic maintenance of tissues, but also in numerous diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases. As a result, new technologies with the capability to selectively detect apoptotic cells represent a central focus of research for the study of these conditions. We have developed a new biosensor for the detection of apoptotic cells, incorporating the targeted selectivity for apoptotic cells from Annexin V with the sensitivity of bioluminescence signal generation from a serum-stable mutant of Renilla luciferase (RLuc8). Our data presents a complete characterization of the structural and biochemical properties of this new Annexin-Renilla fusion protein (ArFP) construct, as well as a validation of its ability to detect apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, this work represents the first report of a bioluminescent Annexin V apoptosis sensor utilized in vivo. With this new construct, we examine apoptosis within disease-relevant animal models of surgery-induced ischemia/reperfusion, corneal injury, and retinal cell death as a model of age-related macular degeneration. In each of these experiments, we demonstrate successful application of the ArFP construct for detection and bioluminescence imaging of apoptosis within each disease or treatment model. ArFP represents an important new tool in the continuously growing kit of technologies for apoptosis detection, and our results from both in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest a diverse range of potential clinically relevant applications including cancer therapeutic screening and efficacy analysis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease detection, and the monitoring of any number of other conditions in which apoptosis has a central role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trajen Head
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Peter Dau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stephanie Duffort
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pirouz Daftarian
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Pratibha M Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roberto Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sapna K Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Laforest R, Dehdashti F, Liu Y, Frye J, Frye S, Luehmann H, Sultan D, Shan JS, Freimark BD, Siegel BA. First-in-Man Evaluation of 124I-PGN650: A PET Tracer for Detecting Phosphatidylserine as a Biomarker of the Solid Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Imaging 2017; 16:1536012117733349. [PMID: 29037107 PMCID: PMC5648081 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117733349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PGN650 is a F(ab')2 antibody fragment that targets phosphatidylserine (PS), a marker normally absent that becomes exposed on tumor cells and tumor vasculature in response to oxidative stress and increases in response to therapy. PGN650 was labeled with 124I to create a positron emission tomography (PET) agent as an in vivo biomarker for tumor microenvironment and response to therapy. In this phase 0 study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, radiation dosimetry, and tumor targeting of this tracer in a cohort of patients with cancer. METHODS Eleven patients with known solid tumors received approximately 140 MBq (3.8 mCi) 124I-PGN650 intravenously and underwent positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) approximately 1 hour, 3 hours, and either 24 hours or 48 hours later to establish tracer kinetics for the purpose of calculating radiation dosimetry (from integration of the organ time-activity curves and OLINDA/EXM using the adult male and female models). RESULTS Known tumor foci demonstrated mildly increased uptake, with the highest activity at the latest imaging time. There were no unexpected adverse events. The liver was the organ receiving the highest radiation dose (0.77 mGy/MBq); the effective dose was 0.41 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSION Although 124I-PGN650 is safe for human PET imaging, the tumor targeting with this agent in patients was less than previously observed in animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Laforest
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Frye
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Frye
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Barry A. Siegel
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang X, Liu F, Slikker W, Wang C, Paule MG. Minimally invasive biomarkers of general anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 60:95-101. [PMID: 27784630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The association of general anesthesia with developmental neurotoxicity, while nearly impossible to study in pediatric populations, is clearly demonstrable in a variety of animal models from rodents to nonhuman primates. Nearly all general anesthetics tested have been shown to cause abnormal brain cell death in animals when administered during periods of rapid brain growth. The ability to repeatedly assess in the same subjects adverse effects induced by general anesthetics provides significant power to address the time course of important events associated with exposures. Minimally-invasive procedures provide the opportunity to bridge the preclinical/clinical gap by providing the means to more easily translate findings from the animal laboratory to the human clinic. Positron Emission Tomography or PET is a tool with great promise for realizing this goal. PET for small animals (microPET) is providing valuable data on the life cycle of general anesthetic induced neurotoxicity. PET radioligands (annexin V and DFNSH) targeting apoptotic processes have demonstrated that a single bout of general anesthesia effected during a vulnerable period of CNS development can result in prolonged apoptotic signals lasting for several weeks in the rat. A marker of cellular proliferation (FLT) has demonstrated in rodents that general anesthesia-induced inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation is evident when assessed a full 2weeks after exposure. Activated glia express Translocator Protein (TSPO) which can be used as a marker of presumed neuroinflammatory processes and a PET ligand for the TSPO (FEPPA) has been used to track this process in both rat and nonhuman primate models. It has been shown that single bouts of general anesthesia can result in elevated TSPO expression lasting for over a week. These examples demonstrate the utility of specific PET tracers to inform, in a minimally-invasive fashion, processes associated with general anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity. The fact that PET procedures are also used clinically suggests an opportunity to confirm in humans what has been repeatedly observed in animals.
Collapse
|
17
|
Singh J, Lopes D, Gomika Udugamasooriya D. Development of a large peptoid-DOTA combinatorial library. Biopolymers 2016; 106:673-84. [PMID: 27257968 PMCID: PMC5035194 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventional one-bead one-compound (OBOC) library synthesis is typically used to identify molecules with therapeutic value. The design and synthesis of OBOC libraries that contain molecules with imaging or even potentially therapeutic and diagnostic capacities (e.g. theranostic agents) has been overlooked. The development of a therapeutically active molecule with a built-in imaging component for a certain target is a daunting task, and structure-based rational design might not be the best approach. We hypothesize to develop a combinatorial library with potentially therapeutic and imaging components fused together in each molecule. Such molecules in the library can be used to screen, identify, and validate as direct theranostic candidates against targets of interest. As the first step in achieving that aim, we developed an on-bead library of 153,600 Peptoid-DOTA compounds in which the peptoids are the target-recognizing and potentially therapeutic components and the DOTA is the imaging component. We attached the DOTA scaffold to TentaGel beads using one of the four arms of DOTA, and we built a diversified 6-mer peptoid library on the remaining three arms. We evaluated both the synthesis and the mass spectrometric sequencing capacities of the test compounds and of the final library. The compounds displayed unique ionization patterns including direct breakages of the DOTA scaffold into two units, allowing clear decoding of the sequences. Our approach provides a facile synthesis method for the complete on-bead development of large peptidomimetic-DOTA libraries for screening against biological targets for the identification of potential theranostic agents in the future. © 2016 The Authors. Biopolymers Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 673-684, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaspal Singh
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204
| | - Daniel Lopes
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - D Gomika Udugamasooriya
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204.
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77030-4009.
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390.
- Department of Biochemistry, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ogawa K. Biocomplexes in radiochemistry. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
19
|
Pasternak MM, Wirtzfeld LA, Kolios MC, Czarnota GJ. High-frequency ultrasound analysis of post-mitotic arrest cell death. Oncoscience 2016; 3:109-21. [PMID: 27226984 PMCID: PMC4872649 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive monitoring of cancer cell death would permit rapid feedback on treatment response. One technique showing such promise is quantitative ultrasound. High-frequency ultrasound spectral radiofrequency analysis was used to study cell death in breast cancer cell samples. Quantitative ultrasound parameters, including attenuation, spectral slope, spectral 0-MHz-intercept, midband fit, and fitted parameters displayed significant changes with paclitaxel-induced cell death, corresponding to observations of morphological changes seen in histology and electron microscopy. In particular, a decrease in spectral slope from 0.24±0.07 dB/MHz to 0.04±0.09 dB/MHz occurred over 24 hours of treatment time and was identified as an ultrasound parameter capable of differentiating post-mitotic arrest cell death from classical apoptosis. The formation of condensed chromatin aggregates of 1 micron or greater in size increased the number of intracellular scatterers, consistent with a hypothesis that nuclear material is a primary source of ultrasound scattering in dying cells. It was demonstrated that the midband fit quantitatively correlated to cell death index, with a Pearson R-squared value of 0.99 at p<0.01. These results suggest that high-frequency ultrasound can not only qualitatively assess the degree of cancer cell death, but may be used to quantify the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice M Pasternak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics, and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu G, Hu Y, Xiao J, Li X, Li Y, Tan H, Zhao Y, Cheng D, Shi H. 99mTc-labelled anti-CD11b SPECT/CT imaging allows detection of plaque destabilization tightly linked to inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20900. [PMID: 26877097 PMCID: PMC4753504 DOI: 10.1038/srep20900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains challenging to predict the risk of rupture for a specific atherosclerotic plaque timely, a thrombotic trigger tightly linked to inflammation. CD11b, is a biomarker abundant on inflammatory cells, not restricted to monocytes/macrophages. In this study, we fabricated a probe named as 99mTc-MAG3-anti-CD11b for detecting inflamed atherosclerotic plaques with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). The ApoE-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice were selected to establish animal models, with C57BL/6J mice used for control. A higher CD11b+-cell recruitment with higher CD11b expression and more serious whole-body inflammatory status were identified in ApoE−/− mice. The probe showed high in vitro affinity and specificity to the Raw-264.7 macrophages, as well as inflammatory cells infiltrated in atherosclerotic plaques, either in ex vivo fluorescent imaging or in in vivo micro-SPECT/CT imaging, which were confirmed by ex vivo planar gamma imaging, Oil-Red-O staining and CD11b-immunohistochemistry staining. A significant positive relationship was identified between the radioactivity intensity on SPECT/CT images and the CD11b expression in plaques. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of anti-CD11b antibody mediated noninvasive SPECT/CT imaging of inflammatory leukocytes in murine atherosclerotic plaques. This imaging strategy can identify inflammation-rich plaques at risk for rupture and evaluate the effectiveness of inflammation-targeted therapies in atheroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin MH, Wu SY, Wang HE, Liu RS, Chen JC. ¹¹¹In-DOTA-Annexin V for imaging of apoptosis during HSV1-tk/GCV prodrug activation gene therapy in mice with NG4TL4 sarcoma. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 108:1-7. [PMID: 26656427 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apoptosis has been suggested as a cytocidal mechanism of the HSV1-tk-expressing cells when exposed to ganciclovir (GCV). This study evaluated the efficacy of (111)In-labeled Annexin V for monitoring tumor responses during prodrug activation gene therapy with HSV1-tk and GCV. MATERIALS AND METHODS Annexin V was conjugated to DOTA using N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC), labeled with (111)In-InCl3 and purified using size exclusion chromatography to give (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V conjugate. The radiochemical yield and the radiochemical purity of (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V were 74±12% and 98±3%, respectively (n=10). (111)In-DOTA-BSA was prepared similarly. An in vitro study to demonstrate the apoptosis of NG4TL4-STK cells after GCV treatment has been performed. Mice bearing NG4TL4-STK and NG4TL4-WT tumors were treated with GCV (10 mg/kg daily) by i.p. injection for 7 consecutive days. Before and during the GCV treatment, biodistribution studies and scintigraphic imaging were performed at 2h post injection of the radiotracers. RESULTS The uptake of (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V in treated cells (13.41±1.30%) was 4.1 times higher than that in untreated cells (3.21±0.37%). The GCV-induced cell apoptosis in NG4TL4-STK tumor resulted in a significantly increasing accumulation of (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V (1.92±0.32%ID/g at day 0, 4.79±0.86%ID/g at day 2, 4.56±0.58%ID/g at day 4) was observed, but not for that of (111)In-DOTA-BSA. During consecutive GCV treatment, scintigraphic imaging with (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V revealed high uptake in NG4TL4-STK tumor compared with that in NG4TL4-WT tumor. However, no specific (111)In-DOTA-BSA accumulation in NG4TL4-STK and NG4TL4-WT tumors was observed throughout the course of GCV treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that (111)In-DOTA-Annexin V can be used for monitoring tumor cell apoptosis during prodrug activation gene therapy with HSV1-tk and GCV for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155 Li-Nong Street, Section 2, Pei-Tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxiao Branch, No.145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist., Taipei City 10341, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, No. 155 Li-Nong Street, Section 2, Pei-Tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155 Li-Nong Street, Section 2, Pei-Tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155 Li-Nong Street, Section 2, Pei-Tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155 Li-Nong Street, Section 2, Pei-Tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155 Li-Nong Street, Section 2, Pei-Tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
18F-Labeled wild-type annexin V: comparison of random and site-selective radiolabeling methods. Amino Acids 2015; 48:65-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Molecular PET Imaging of Cyclophosphamide Induced Apoptosis with 18F-ML-8. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:317403. [PMID: 25977920 PMCID: PMC4420799 DOI: 10.1155/2015/317403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel small-molecular apoptotic PET imaging probe, 18F-ML-8 with a malonate motif structure, is presented and discussed. After study, the small tracer that belongs to a member of ApoSense family is proved to be capable of imaging merely apoptotic regions in the CTX treated tumor-bearing mice. The experimental result is further confirmed by in vitro cell binding assays and TUNEL staining assay. As a result, 18F-ML-8 could be used for noninvasive visualization of apoptosis induced by antitumor chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Nejadnik H, Ye D, Lenkov OD, Donig J, Martin JE, Castillo R, Derugin N, Sennino B, Rao J, Daldrup-Link HE. Magnetic resonance imaging of stem cell apoptosis in arthritic joints with a caspase activatable contrast agent. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1150-60. [PMID: 25597243 PMCID: PMC4441518 DOI: 10.1021/nn504494c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
About 43 million individuals in the U.S. encounter cartilage injuries due to trauma or osteoarthritis, leading to joint pain and functional disability. Matrix-associated stem cell implants (MASI) represent a promising approach for repair of cartilage defects. However, limited survival of MASI creates a significant bottleneck for successful cartilage regeneration outcomes and functional reconstitution. We report an approach for noninvasive detection of stem cell apoptosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), based on a caspase-3-sensitive nanoaggregation MRI probe (C-SNAM). C-SNAM self-assembles into nanoparticles after hydrolysis by caspase-3, leading to 90% amplification of (1)H MR signal and prolonged in vivo retention. Following intra-articular injection, C-SNAM causes significant MR signal enhancement in apoptotic MASI compared to viable MASI. Our results indicate that C-SNAM functions as an imaging probe for stem cell apoptosis in MASI. This concept could be applied to a broad range of cell transplants and target sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Deju Ye
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Olga D. Lenkov
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jessica Donig
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - John E. Martin
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Rostislav Castillo
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nikita Derugin
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Barbara Sennino
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Heike E. Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zeng W, Wang X, Xu P, Liu G, Eden HS, Chen X. Molecular imaging of apoptosis: from micro to macro. Theranostics 2015; 5:559-82. [PMID: 25825597 PMCID: PMC4377726 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is involved in numerous human conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic damage, autoimmune disorders and many types of cancer, and is often confused with other types of cell death. Therefore strategies that enable visualized detection of apoptosis would be of enormous benefit in the clinic for diagnosis, patient management, and development of new therapies. In recent years, improved understanding of the apoptotic machinery and progress in imaging modalities have provided opportunities for researchers to formulate microscopic and macroscopic imaging strategies based on well-defined molecular markers and/or physiological features. Correspondingly, a large collection of apoptosis imaging probes and approaches have been documented in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we mainly discuss microscopic imaging assays and macroscopic imaging probes, ranging in complexity from simple attachments of reporter moieties to proteins that interact with apoptotic biomarkers, to rationally designed probes that target biochemical changes. Their clinical translation will also be our focus.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cheng D, Li X, Zhang C, Tan H, Wang C, Pang L, Shi H. Detection of vulnerable atherosclerosis plaques with a dual-modal single-photon-emission computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging probe targeting apoptotic macrophages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2847-55. [PMID: 25569777 DOI: 10.1021/am508118x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), especially the vulnerable AS plaque rupture-induced acute obstructive vascular disease, is a leading cause of death. Accordingly, there is a need for an effective method to draw accurate predictions about AS progression and plaque vulnerability. Herein we report on an approach to constructing a hybrid nanoparticle system using a single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) multimodal probe, aiming for a comprehensive evaluation of AS progression by achieving high sensitivity along with high resolution. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) was covered by aminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and carboxylated PEG simultaneously and then functionalized with diethylenetriaminepentacetate acid for (99m)Tc coordination and subsequently Annexin V for targeting apoptotic macrophages abundant in vulnerable plaques. The in vivo accumulations of imaging probe reflected by SPECT and MRI were consistent and accurate in highlighting lesions. Intense radioactive signals detected by SPECT facilitated focus recognization and quantification, while USPIO-based T2-weighted MRI improved the focal localization and volumetry of AS plaques. For subsequent ex vivo planar images, targeting effects were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry, including CD-68 and TUNEL staining; meanwhile, the degree of concentration was proven to be statistically correlated with the Oil Red O staining results. In conclusion, these results indicated that the Annexin V-modified hybrid nanoparticle system specifically targeted the vulnerable AS plaques containing apoptotic macrophages and could be of great value in the invasively accurate detection of vulnerable plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and ∥Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yao S, Hu K, Tang G, Liang X, Du K, Nie D, Jiang S, Zang L. Positron emission tomography imaging of cell death with [(18)F]FPDuramycin. Apoptosis 2014; 19:841-50. [PMID: 24464510 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The noninvasive imaging of cell death, including apoptosis and necrosis, is an important tool for the assessment of degenerative diseases and in the monitoring of tumor treatments. Duramycin is a peptide of 19-amino acids. It binds specifically to phosphatidylethanolamine a novel molecular target for cell death. N-(2-(18)F-Fluoropropionyl)duramycin ([(18)F]FPDuramycin) was prepared as a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer from the reaction of duramycin with 4-nitrophenyl 2-[(18)F]fluoropropionate ([(18)F]NFP). Compared with control cells (viable tumor cells), the in vitro binding of [(18)F]FPDuramycin with apoptotic cells induced by anti-Fas antibody resulted in a doubling increase, while the binding of [(18)F]FPDuramycin with necrotic cells induced by three freeze and thaw cycles resulted in a threefold increase. Biodistribution study in mice exhibited its rapid blood and renal clearance and predominant accumulation in liver and spleen over 120 min postinjection. Small-animal PET/CT imaging with [(18)F]FPDuramycin proved to be a successful way to visualize in vivo therapeutic-induced tumor cell death. In summary, [(18)F]FPDuramycin seems to be a potential PET probe candidate for noninvasive visualization of in vivo cell death sites induced by chemotherapy in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Palmowski K, Rix A, Lederle W, Behrendt FF, Mottaghy FM, Gray BD, Pak KY, Palmowski M, Kiessling F. A low molecular weight zinc2+-dipicolylamine-based probe detects apoptosis during tumour treatment better than an annexin V-based probe. Eur Radiol 2014; 24:363-70. [PMID: 24121671 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-3014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular imaging of apoptosis is frequently discussed for monitoring cancer therapies. Here, we compare the low molecular weight phosphatidylserine-targeting ligand zinc2+-dipicolylamine (Zn2+-DPA) with the established but reasonably larger protein annexin V. METHODS Molecular apoptosis imaging with the fluorescently labelled probes annexin V (750 nm, 36 kDa) and Zn2+-DPA (794 nm, 1.84 kDa) was performed in tumour-bearing mice (A431). Three animal groups were investigated: untreated controls and treated tumours after 1 or 4 days of anti-angiogenic therapy (SU11248). Additionally, μPET with 18 F-FDG was performed. Imaging data were displayed as tumour-to-muscle ratio (TMR) and validated by quantitative immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with untreated control tumours, TUNEL staining indicated significant apoptosis after 1 day (P < 0.05) and 4 days (P < 0.01) of treatment. Concordantly, Zn2+-DPA uptake increased significantly after 1 day (P < 0.05) and 4 days (P < 0.01). Surprisingly, annexin V failed to detect significant differences between control and treated animals. Contrary to the increasing uptake of Zn2+-DPA, 18 F-FDG tumour uptake decreased significantly at days 1 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Increase in apoptosis during anti-angiogenic therapy was detected significantly better with the low molecular weight probe Zn2+-DPA than with the annexin V-based probe. Additionally, significant treatment effects were detectable as early using Zn2+-DPA as with measurements of the glucose metabolism using 18 F-FDG. KEY POINTS • The detection of apoptosis by non-invasive imaging is important in oncology. • A new low molecular weight probe Zn2+-DPA shows promise in depicting anti-angiogenic effects. • The small Zn2+-DPA ligand appears well suited for monitoring therapy. • Treatment effects are detectable just as early with Zn2+-DPA as with 18F-FDG.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ashrafuzzaman M. Aptamers as both drugs and drug-carriers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:697923. [PMID: 25295268 PMCID: PMC4177733 DOI: 10.1155/2014/697923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are short nucleic acid oligos. They may serve as both drugs and drug-carriers. Their use as diagnostic tools is also evident. They can be generated using various experimental, theoretical, and computational techniques. The systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment which uses iterative screening of nucleic acid libraries is a popular experimental technique. Theory inspired methodology entropy-based seed-and-grow strategy that designs aptamer templates to bind specifically to targets is another one. Aptamers are predicted to be highly useful in producing general drugs and theranostic drugs occasionally for certain diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and so on. They bind to various targets like lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, small organic compounds, and even entire organisms. Aptamers may also serve as drug-carriers or nanoparticles helping drugs to get released in specific target regions. Due to better target specific physical binding properties aptamers cause less off-target toxicity effects. Therefore, search for aptamer based drugs, drug-carriers, and even diagnostic tools is expanding fast. The biophysical properties in relation to the target specific binding phenomena of aptamers, energetics behind the aptamer transport of drugs, and the consequent biological implications will be discussed. This review will open up avenues leading to novel drug discovery and drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashrafuzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Su H, Chen G, Gangadharmath U, Gomez LF, Liang Q, Mu F, Mocharla VP, Szardenings AK, Walsh JC, Xia CF, Yu C, Kolb HC. Evaluation of [(18)F]-CP18 as a PET imaging tracer for apoptosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 15:739-47. [PMID: 23681757 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We identified and validated [(18)F]-CP18, a DEVD (the caspase 3 substrate recognition motif) containing substrate-based compound as an imaging tracer for caspase-3 activity in apoptotic cells. PROCEDURES CP18 was radiolabeled with fluorine-18 using click chemistry. The affinity and selectivity of CP18 for caspase-3 were evaluated in vitro. The biodistribution and metabolism pattern of [(18)F]-CP18 were assessed in vivo. [(18)F]-CP18 positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed in a dexamethasone-induced thymic apoptosis mouse model. After imaging, the mice were sacrificed, and individual organs were collected, measured in a gamma counter, and tested for caspase-3 activity. RESULTS In vitro enzymatic caspase-3 assay demonstrated specific cleavage of CP18. In vivo, [(18)F]-CP18 is predominantly cleared through the kidneys and urine, and is rapidly eliminated from the bloodstream. There was a sixfold increase in caspase activity and a fourfold increase of [(18)F]-CP18 retention in the dexamethasone-induced thymus of treated versus control mice. CONCLUSIONS We report the use [(18)F]-CP18 as a PET tracer for imaging apoptosis. Our data support further development of this tracer for clinical PET applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Su
- Molecular Imaging Biomarker Research, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc, 6100 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Melatonin enhances the in vitro maturation and developmental potential of bovine oocytes denuded of the cumulus oophorus. ZYGOTE 2014; 23:525-36. [PMID: 24869483 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199414000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of melatonin on the in vitro maturation (IVM) and developmental potential of bovine oocytes denuded of the cumulus oophorus (DOs). DOs were cultured alone (DOs) or with 10-9 M melatonin (DOs + MT), cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured without melatonin as the control. After IVM, meiosis II (MII) rates of DOs, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, apoptotic rates and parthenogenetic blastocyst rates of MII oocytes were determined. The relative expression of ATP synthase F0 Subunit 6 and 8 (ATP6 and ATP8), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) mRNA in MII oocytes and IFN-tau (IFN-τ), Na+/K+-ATPase, catenin-beta like 1 (CTNNBL1) and AQP3 mRNA in parthenogenetic blastocysts were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that: (1) melatonin significantly increased the MII rate of DOs (65.67 ± 3.59 % vs. 82.29 ± 3.92%; P < 0.05), decreased the ROS level (4.83 ± 0.42 counts per second (c.p.s) vs. 3.78 ± 0.29 c.p.s; P < 0.05) and apoptotic rate (36.99 ± 3.62 % vs. 21.88 ± 2.08 %; P < 0.05) and moderated the reduction of relative mRNA levels of ATP6, ATP8, BMP-15 and GDF-9 caused by oocyte denudation; (2) melatonin significantly increased the developmental rate (24.17 ± 3.54 % vs. 35.26 ± 4.87%; P < 0.05), and expression levels of IFN-τ, Na+/K+-ATPase, CTNNBL1 and AQP3 mRNA of blastocyst. These results indicated that melatonin significantly improved the IVM quality of DOs, leading to an increased parthenogenetic blastocyst formation rate and quality.
Collapse
|
32
|
Winter PM, Pearce J, Chu Z, McPherson CM, Takigiku R, Lee JH, Qi X. Imaging of brain tumors with paramagnetic vesicles targeted to phosphatidylserine. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:1079-87. [PMID: 24797437 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate paramagnetic saposin C and dioleylphosphatidylserine (SapC-DOPS) vesicles as a targeted contrast agent for imaging phosphatidylserine (PS) expressed by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gd-DTPA-BSA/SapC-DOPS vesicles were formulated, and the vesicle diameter and relaxivity were measured. Targeting of Gd-DTPA-BSA/SapC-DOPS vesicles to tumor cells in vitro and in vivo was compared with nontargeted paramagnetic vesicles (lacking SapC). Mice with GBM brain tumors were imaged at 3, 10, 20, and 24 h postinjection to measure the relaxation rate (R1) in the tumor and the normal brain. RESULTS The mean diameter of vesicles was 175 nm, and the relaxivity at 7 Tesla was 3.32 (s*mM)(-1) relative to the gadolinium concentration. Gd-DTPA-BSA/SapC-DOPS vesicles targeted cultured cancer cells, leading to an increased R1 and gadolinium level in the cells. In vivo, Gd-DTPA-BSA/SapC-DOPS vesicles produced a 9% increase in the R1 of GBM brain tumors in mice 10 h postinjection, but only minimal changes (1.2% increase) in the normal brain. Nontargeted paramagnetic vesicles yielded minimal change in the tumor R1 at 10 h postinjection (1.3%). CONCLUSION These experiments demonstrate that Gd-DTPA-BSA/SapC-DOPS vesicles can selectively target implanted brain tumors in vivo, providing noninvasive mapping of the cancer biomarker PS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Winter
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Production of recombinant human annexin V by fed-batch cultivation. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:33. [PMID: 24766778 PMCID: PMC4029966 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin V, a 35.8 kDa intracellular protein, is a Ca⁺²-dependent phospholipid binding protein with high affinity to phosphatidylserine (PS), which is a well-known hallmark of apoptosis. Annexin V is a sensitive probe for PS exposure upon the cell membrane, and used for detection of apoptotic cells both in vivo and in vitro. Large-scale production of recombinant human annexin V is worth optimization, because of its wide use in nuclear medicine, radiolabeled with (99m)Tc, for the evaluation of cancer chemotherapy treatments, and its use in identification of apoptotic cells in histologic studies. Here we describe the high-yield production of a tag-free version of human annexin V recombinant protein by linear fed-batch cultivation in a bioreactor. RESULTS We cloned the human ANXA5 coding sequence into the pET-30a (+) expression vector and expressed rhANXA5 in batch and fed-batch cultures. Using E. coli BL21 (DE3) in a semi-defined medium at 37°C, pH 7 in fed-batch cultures, we obtained a 45-fold increase in biomass production, respective to shaker cultivations. We developed a single-step protocol for rhANXA5 purification using a strong anion-exchange column (MonoQ HR16/10). Using these procedures, we obtained 28.5 mg of homogeneous, nontagged and biologically functional human annexin V recombinant protein from 3 g wet weight of bacterial cells from bioreactor cultures. The identity and molecular mass of rhANXA5 was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Moreover, the purified rhANXA5 protein was functionally evaluated in a FITC-annexin V binding experiment and the results demonstrated that rhANXA5 detected apoptotic cells similarly to a commercial kit. CONCLUSIONS We describe a new fed-batch method to produce recombinant human annexin V in large scale, which may expand the commercial utilities for rhANXAV to applications such as in vivo imaging studies.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang H, Tang X, Tang G, Huang T, Liang X, Hu K, Deng H, Yi C, Shi X, Wu K. Noninvasive positron emission tomography imaging of cell death using a novel small-molecule probe, (18)F labeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complex. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1017-27. [PMID: 23613106 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) (DPAZn2) coordination complexes are known to have a high specific and selective affinity to target the exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of dead and dying cells. An (18)F-labeled DPAZn2 complex (4-(18)F-Fluoro-benzoyl-bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine), (18)F-FB-DPAZn2) as positron emission tomography (PET) tracer was developed and evaluated for in vivo imaging of tumor treated with a chemical agent. The in vitro cell stain studies revealed that fluorescent DPAZn2 complexes (Dansyl-DPAZn2) stained the same cells (apoptotic and necrotic cells) as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled Annexin V (FITC-Annexin V). The radiosynthesis of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 was achieved through the amidation the precursor bis(2,2'-dipicolylamine) derivative (DPA2) with the prosthetic group N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]-fluorobenzoate ((18)F-SFB) and chelation with zinc nitrate. In the biodistribution study, the fast clearance of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 from blood and kidney was observed and high uptake in liver and intestine within 90 min postinjection was also found. For the PET imaging, significantly higher tumor uptake of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 was observed in the adriamycin (ADM)-treated Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice than that in the untreated tumor-model mice, while a slightly decreased tumor uptake of (18)F-FDG was found in the ADM-treated tumor-bearing mice. The results indicate that (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 has the similar capability of apoptosis detection as FITC-Annexin V and seems to be a potential PET tracer for noninvasive evaluation and monitoring of anti-tumor chemotherapy. The high uptake of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 in the abdomen needs to optimize the structure for improving its pharmacokinetics characteristics in the future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ogawa K, Ohtsuki K, Shibata T, Aoki M, Nakayama M, Kitamura Y, Ono M, Ueda M, Doue T, Onoguchi M, Shiba K, Odani A. Development and evaluation of a novel (99m)tc-labeled annexin A5 for early detection of response to chemotherapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81191. [PMID: 24324676 PMCID: PMC3852265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 can be considered as a benchmark in the field of apoptosis imaging. However, 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 has characteristics of high uptake and long retention in non-target tissues such as kidney and liver. To minimize this problem, we developed a novel 99mTc-labeled annexin A5 using a bis(hydroxamamide) derivative [C3(BHam)2] as a bifunctional chelating agent, and evaluated its usefulness as an imaging agent for detecting apoptosis. The amino group of C3(BHam)2 was converted to a maleimide group, and was coupled to thiol groups of annexin A5 pretreated with 2-iminothiolane. 99mTc labeling was performed by a ligand exchange reaction with 99mTc-glucoheptonate. Biodistribution experiments for both 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 and 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 were performed in normal mice. In addition, in tumor-bearing mice, the relationship between the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy (5-FU) and the tumor accumulation of 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 just after the first treatment of 5-FU was evaluated. 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 was prepared with a radiochemical purity of over 95%. In biodistribution experiments, 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 had a much lower kidney accumulation of radioactivity than 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5. In the organs for metabolism, such as liver and kidney, radioactivity after the injection of 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 was residual for a long time. On the other hand, radioactivity after the injection of 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 gradually decreased. In therapeutic experiments, tumor growth in the mice treated with 5-FU was significantly inhibited. Accumulation of 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 in tumors significantly increased after 5-FU treatment. The accumulation of radioactivity in tumor correlated positively with the counts of TUNEL-positive cells. These findings suggest that 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 may contribute to the efficient detection of apoptotic tumor response after chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsuichi Ohtsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kameoka Hospital, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shibata
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miho Aoki
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Morio Nakayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoji Kitamura
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Doue
- Department of Cardiology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Masahisa Onoguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akira Odani
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sobrio F, Médoc M, Martial L, Delamare J, Barré L. Automated radiosynthesis of [(18)F]ML-10, a PET radiotracer dedicated to apoptosis imaging, on a TRACERLab FX-FN module. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 15:12-8. [PMID: 22752653 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE [(18)F]ML-10 is the most advanced radiopharmaceutical for the clinical imaging of the apoptosis phenomenon by PET. The preparation of this radiopharmaceutical on a commercial radiosynthesis module and the requested quality controls for its release are presented herein. PROCEDURES ML-10 as reference and its mesyloxy derivative as precursor for labelling with fluorine-18 were prepared. [(18)F]ML-10 was synthesized via a [(18)F]fluorine-de-mesyloxy aliphatic nucleophilic substitution via a GE TRACERLab® FX-FN module. Quality controls were performed. RESULTS The labelling precursor was obtained in a four step synthesis in 28 % overall yield affording ML-10 in two steps (88 % yield). Pure [(18)F]ML-10 was obtained with a decay corrected yield of 39.8 % ± 8.4 % (n = 7) in 70 min and a specific activity of 235 ± 85 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis. CONCLUSIONS [(18)F]ML-10 was prepared on a widely available automated module and passed the quality control. A LC/MS method was developed to measure specific radioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Sobrio
- CEA, I2BM, LDM-TEP, UMR 6301 ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, 14074 Caen, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang MW, Wang F, Zheng YJ, Zhang YJ, Zhang YP, Zhao Q, Shen CKF, Wang Y, Sun SH. An in vivo molecular imaging probe (18)F-Annexin B1 for apoptosis detection by PET/CT: preparation and preliminary evaluation. Apoptosis 2013; 18:238-47. [PMID: 23238992 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to develop non-invasive molecular imaging strategies for visualizing and quantifying apoptosis status of diseases (especially for cancer) for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response. Since externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) is one of the early molecular events during apoptosis, Annexin B1 (AnxB1), a member of Annexins family with high affinity toward the head group of PS, could be a potential positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe for imaging cell death process after labeled by positron-emitting nuclides, such as (18)F. In the present study, we investigated a novel PET probe, (18)F-labeled Annexin B1 ((18)F-AnxB1), for apoptosis imaging. (18)F-AnxB1 was prepared reliably by conjugating AnxB1 with a (18)F-tag, N-succinimidyl 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB), in a radiolabeling yield of about 20 % within 40 min. The in vitro binding of (18)F-AnxB1 with apoptotic cells induced by anti-Fas antibody showed twofold increase compared to those without treatment, confirmed by flow cytometric analysis with AnxV-FITC/PI staining. Stability tests demonstrated (18)F-AnxB1 was rather stable in vitro and in vivo without degradation. The serial (18)F-AnxB1 PET/CT scans in healthy rats outlined its biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, indicating a rapid renal clearance and predominant accumulation into kidney and bladder at 2 h p.i. (18)F-AnxB1 PET/CT imaging was successfully applied to visualize in vivo apoptosis sites in tumor induced by chemotherapy and in kidney simulated by ischemia-reperfusion injury. The high-contrast images were obtained at 2 h p.i. to delineate apoptotic tumor. Apoptotic region could be still identified by (18)F-AnxB1 PET 4 h p.i., despite the high probe retention in kidneys. In summary, we have developed (18)F-AnxB1 as a PS-specific PET probe for the apoptosis detection and quantification which could have broad applications from disease diagnosis to treatment monitoring, especially in the cases of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Wang
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu JC, Wang F, Fang W, Hua ZC, Wang ZZ. 18F-annexin V apoptosis imaging for detection of myocardium ischemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
39
|
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 68Ga-bis-DOTA-PA as a potential agent for positron emission tomography imaging of necrosis. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:816-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
40
|
Johnson SE, Li Z, Liu Y, Moulder JE, Zhao M. Whole-body imaging of high-dose ionizing irradiation-induced tissue injuries using 99mTc-duramycin. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1397-403. [PMID: 23804327 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED High-dose ionizing irradiation can cause extensive injuries in susceptible tissues. A noninvasive imaging technique that detects a surrogate marker of apoptosis may help characterize the dynamics of radiation-induced tissue damage. The goal of this study was to prove the concept of imaging the temporal and spatial distribution of damage in susceptible tissues after high-dose radiation exposure, using (99m)Tc-duramycin as a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding radiopharmaceutical. METHODS Rats were subjected to 15 Gy of total-body irradiation with x-rays. Planar whole-body (99m)Tc-duramycin scanning (n = 4 per time point) was conducted at 24, 48, and 72 h using a clinical γ-camera. On the basis of findings from planar imaging, preclinical SPECT data were acquired on control rats and on irradiated rats at 6 and 24 h after irradiation (n = 4 per time point). Imaging data were validated by γ-counting and histology, using harvested tissues in parallel groups of animals (n = 4). RESULTS Prominent focal uptake was detected in the thymus as early as 6 h after irradiation, followed by a gradual decline in (99m)Tc-duramycin binding accompanied by extensive thymic atrophy. Early (6-24 h) radioactivity uptake in the gastrointestinal region was detected. Significant signal was seen in major bones in a slightly delayed fashion, at 24 h, which persisted for at least 2 d. This finding was paralleled by an elevation in signal intensity in the kidneys, spleen, and liver. The imaging results were consistent with ex vivo γ-counting results and histology. Relatively high levels of apoptosis were detected from histology in the thymus, guts, and bones, with the thymus undergoing substantial atrophy. CONCLUSION As a proof of principle, this study demonstrated a noninvasive imaging technique that allows characterization of the temporal and spatial dynamics of injuries in susceptible tissues during the acute phase after high-dose ionizing irradiation. Such an imaging capability will potentially be useful for global, whole-body, assessment of tissue damage after radiation exposure. These data, in turn, will contribute to our general knowledge of tissue susceptibility to ionizing irradiation, as well as the onset and progression of tissue injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gong J, Archer R, Brown M, Fisher S, Chang C, Peacock M, Hughes C, Freimark B. Measuring Response to Therapy by Near-Infrared Imaging of Tumors Using a Phosphatidylserine-Targeting Antibody Fragment. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- From the Departments of Preclinical Development, Oncology, and Process Sciences, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Richard Archer
- From the Departments of Preclinical Development, Oncology, and Process Sciences, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Michael Brown
- From the Departments of Preclinical Development, Oncology, and Process Sciences, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Seth Fisher
- From the Departments of Preclinical Development, Oncology, and Process Sciences, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Connie Chang
- From the Departments of Preclinical Development, Oncology, and Process Sciences, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Matthew Peacock
- From the Departments of Preclinical Development, Oncology, and Process Sciences, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Christopher Hughes
- From the Departments of Preclinical Development, Oncology, and Process Sciences, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Bruce Freimark
- From the Departments of Preclinical Development, Oncology, and Process Sciences, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang X, Paule MG, Wang C, Slikker W. Application of microPET imaging approaches in the study of pediatric anesthetic-induced neuronal toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:861-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Division of Neurotoxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/FDA; Jefferson; AR; USA
| | - Merle G. Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/FDA; Jefferson; AR; USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/FDA; Jefferson; AR; USA
| | - William Slikker
- Office of the Director; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/FDA; Jefferson; AR; USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Song S, Xiong C, Lu W, Ku G, Huang G, Li C. Apoptosis Imaging Probe Predicts Early Chemotherapy Response in Preclinical Models: A Comparative Study with 18F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:104-10. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
44
|
Abstract
Molecular imaging fundamentally changes the way we look at cancer. Imaging paradigms are now shifting away from classical morphological measures towards the assessment of functional, metabolic, cellular, and molecular information in vivo. Interdisciplinary driven developments of imaging methodology and probe molecules utilizing animal models of human cancers have enhanced our ability to non-invasively characterize neoplastic tissue and follow anti-cancer treatments. Preclinical molecular imaging offers a whole palette of excellent methodology to choose from. We will focus on positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, since they provide excellent and complementary molecular imaging capabilities and bear high potential for clinical translation. Prerequisites and consequences of using animal models as surrogates of human cancers in preclinical molecular imaging are outlined. We present physical principles, values and limitations of PET and MRI as molecular imaging modalities and comment on their high potential to non-invasively assess information on hypoxia, angiogenesis, apoptosis, gene expression, metabolism, and cell trafficking in preclinical cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Wolf
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hu S, Kiesewetter DO, Zhu L, Guo N, Gao H, Liu G, Hida N, Lang L, Niu G, Chen X. Longitudinal PET imaging of doxorubicin-induced cell death with 18F-Annexin V. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 14:762-70. [PMID: 22392643 PMCID: PMC3387344 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to apply longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with (18)F-Annexin V to visualize and evaluate cell death induced by doxorubicin in a human head and neck squamous cell cancer UM-SCC-22B tumor xenograft model. PROCEDURES In vitro toxicity of doxorubicin to UM-SCC-22B cells was determined by a colorimetric assay. Recombinant human Annexin V protein was expressed and purified. The protein was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate for fluorescence staining and (18)F for PET imaging. Established UM-SCC-22B tumors in nude mice were treated with two doses of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg each dose) with 1 day interval. Longitudinal (18)F-Annexin V PET was performed at 6 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after the treatment started. Following PET imaging, direct tissue biodistribution study was performed to confirm the accuracy of PET quantification. RESULTS Two doses of doxorubicin effectively inhibited the growth of UM-SCC-22B tumors by inducing cell death including apoptosis. The cell death was clearly visualized by (18)F-Annexin V PET. The peak tumor uptake, which was observed at day 3 after treatment started, was significantly higher than that in the untreated tumors (1.56 ± 0.23 vs. 0.89 ± 0.31%ID/g, p < 0.05). Moreover, the tumor uptake could be blocked by co-injection of excess amount of unlabeled Annexin V protein. At day 7 after treatment, the tumor uptake of (18)F-Annexin had returned to baseline level. CONCLUSIONS (18)F-Annexin V PET imaging is sensitive enough to allow visualization of doxorubicin-induced cell death in UM-SCC-22B xenograft model. The longitudinal imaging with (18)F-Annexin will be helpful to monitor early response to chemotherapeutic anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Dale O. Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Lei Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Ning Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Haokao Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, China
| | - Naoki Hida
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Lixin Lang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW. Recent advances in the molecular imaging of programmed cell death: part I--pathophysiology and radiotracers. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:1659-62. [PMID: 23033360 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, apoptosis (programmed cell death) is the most common form of cell death after necrosis. Apoptosis is a series of genetically preprogrammed biochemical and morphologic energy-requiring events that, after a specific external or internal stimulus, results in the physiologic disappearance of a cell via its self-disintegration and packaging of its contents into membrane vesicles called apoptotic bodies. Apoptotic bodies can readily be ingested, with their nutrients and even organelles recycled by neighboring cells or phagocytes without local inflammation. In contrast, necrosis is characterized by the primary loss of plasma membrane integrity and the uncontrolled release of a cell's contents, often causing local inflammation, tissue damage, and scarring. Alternate forms of cell death also exist, associated with specific molecular mechanisms involving enzymes, organelles, genes, external stimuli, or blockade of normal cell proliferation. In this review we will briefly outline the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis that can be imaged with radiotracers now under development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis G Blankenberg
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Smith BA, Smith BD. Biomarkers and molecular probes for cell death imaging and targeted therapeutics. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1989-2006. [PMID: 22989049 DOI: 10.1021/bc3003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is a critically important biological process. Disruption of homeostasis, either by excessive or deficient cell death, is a hallmark of many pathological conditions. Recent research advances have greatly increased our molecular understanding of cell death and its role in a range of diseases and therapeutic treatments. Central to these ongoing research and clinical efforts is the need for imaging technologies that can locate and identify cell death in a wide array of in vitro and in vivo biomedical samples with varied spatiotemporal requirements. This review article summarizes community efforts over the past five years to identify useful biomarkers for dead and dying cells, and to develop molecular probes that target these biomarkers for optical, radionuclear, or magnetic resonance imaging. Apoptosis biomarkers are classified as either intracellular (caspase enzymes, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic proteins) or extracellular (plasma membrane phospholipids, membrane potential, surface exposed histones). Necrosis, autophagy, and senescence biomarkers are described, as well as unexplored cell death biomarkers. The article discusses possible chemotherapeutic and theranostic strategies, and concludes with a summary of current challenges and expected eventual rewards of clinical cell death imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Haimovitz-Friedman A, Yang TIJ, Thin TH, Verheij M. Imaging Radiotherapy-Induced Apoptosis. Radiat Res 2012; 177:467-82. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2576.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
49
|
Evaluation of plasma annexin V levels in children and young adults with solid tumors. Int J Biol Markers 2012; 27:e164-6. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2012.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
50
|
Adak S, Bhalla R, Vijaya Raj KK, Mandal S, Pickett R, Luthra SK. Radiotracers for SPECT imaging: current scenario and future prospects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2011.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been the cornerstone of nuclear medicine and today it is widely used to detect molecular changes in cardiovascular, neurological and oncological diseases. While SPECT has been available since the 1980s, advances in instrumentation hardware, software and the availability of new radiotracers that are creating a revival in SPECT imaging are reviewed in this paper.
The biggest change in the last decade has been the fusion of CT with SPECT, which has improved attenuation correction and image quality. Advances in collimator design, replacement of sodium iodide crystals in the detectors with cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors as well as advances in software and reconstruction algorithms have all helped to retain SPECT as a much needed and used technology.
Today, a wide spectrum of radiotracers is available for use in cardiovascular, neurology and oncology applications. The development of several radiotracers for neurological disorders is briefly described in this review, including [123I]FP-CIT (DaTSCANTM) available for Parkinson's disease. In cardiology, while technetium-99m labeled tetrofosmin and technetium-99m labeled sestamibi have been well known for myocardial perfusion imaging, we describe a recently completed multicenter clinical study on the use of [123I]mIBG (AdreViewTM) for imaging in chronic heart failure patients. For oncology, while bone scanning has been prevalent, newer radiotracers that target cancer mechanisms are being developed. Technetium-99m labeled RGD peptides have been reported in the literature that can be used for imaging angiogenesis, while technetium-99m labeled duramycin has been used to image apoptosis.
While PET/CT is considered to be the more advanced technology particularly for oncology applications, SPECT continues to be the modality of choice and the workhorse in many hospitals and nuclear medicine centers. The cost of SPECT instruments also makes them more attractive in developing countries where the cost of a scan is still prohibitive for many patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Bhalla
- GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, The Grove Centre, Amersham HP7 9LL, Großbritannien
| | - K. K. Vijaya Raj
- GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, John F Welch Technology Center, Bangalore, Indien
| | - S. Mandal
- GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, John F Welch Technology Center, Bangalore, Indien
| | - R. Pickett
- GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, The Grove Centre, Amersham HP7 9LL, Großbritannien
| | - S. K. Luthra
- GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, The Grove Centre, Amersham HP7 9LL, Großbritannien
| |
Collapse
|