1
|
Li Y, Moon S, Jiang Y, Qiu S, Chen Z. Intravascular polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography based on polarization mode delay. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6831. [PMID: 35477738 PMCID: PMC9046432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravascular polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (IV-PSOCT) provides depth-resolved tissue birefringence which can be used to evaluate the mechanical stability of a plaque. In our previous study, we reported a new strategy to construct polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography in a microscope platform. Here, we demonstrated that this technology can be implemented in an endoscope platform, which has many clinical applications. A conventional intravascular OCT system can be modified for IV-PSOCT by introducing a 12-m polarization-maintaining fiber-based imaging probe. Its two polarization modes separately produce OCT images of polarization detection channels spatially distinguished by an image separation of 2.7 mm. We experimentally validated our IV-PSOCT with chicken tendon, chicken breast, and coronary artery as the image samples. We found that the birefringent properties can be successfully visualized by our IV-PSOCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Sucbei Moon
- Department of Physics, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.,Department of Physics, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea
| | - Saijun Qiu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,The Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, University of California, Irvine, , Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Chen J, Chen Z. Multimodal intravascular imaging technology for characterization of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 13:2030001. [PMID: 32308744 PMCID: PMC7164814 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545820300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of vulnerable plaques is the critical step in the prevention of acute coronary events. Morphology, composition, and mechanical property of a coronary artery have been demonstrated to be the key characteristics for the identification of vulnerable plaques. Several intravascular multimodal imaging technologies providing co-registered simultaneous images have been developed and applied in clinical studies to improve the characterization of atherosclerosis. In this paper, the authors review the present system and probe designs of representative intravascular multimodal techniques. In addition, the scientific innovations, potential limitations, and future directions of these technologies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Jason Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2700 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Parsons C, Agasthi P, Mookadam F, Arsanjani R. Reversal of coronary atherosclerosis: Role of life style and medical management. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 28:524-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
4
|
Abstract
The rupture of atherosclerotic plaques is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Early identification of vulnerable plaque is the essential step in preventing acute coronary events. Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) technology is able to visualize chemical composition of atherosclerotic plaque with high specificity and sensitivity. Integrated with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging, this multimodal intravascular IVPA/IVUS imaging technology is able to provide both structural and chemical compositions of arterial walls for detecting and characterizing atherosclerotic plaques. In this paper, we present representative multimodal IVPA/IVUS imaging systems and discuss current scientific innovations, potential limitations, and prospective improvements for characterization of coronary atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2700 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav M Patel
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lim RS, Suhalim JL, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Miyazaki M, Levi M, Potma EO, Tromberg BJ. Identification of cholesterol crystals in plaques of atherosclerotic mice using hyperspectral CARS imaging. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:2177-2186. [PMID: 21949051 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m018077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of lipids, including cholesterol, in the arterial wall plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although several advances have been made in the detection and imaging of these lipid structures in plaque lesions, their morphology and composition have yet to be fully elucidated, particularly in different animal models of disease. To address this issue, we analyzed lipid morphology and composition in the atherosclerotic plaques of two animal models of disease, the low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mouse and the ApoE lipoprotein-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mouse, utilizing hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy in combination with principal component analysis (PCA). Hyperspectral CARS imaging revealed lipid-rich macrophage cells and condensed needle-shaped and plate-shaped lipid crystal structures in both mice. Spectral analysis with PCA and comparison to spectra of pure cholesterol and cholesteryl ester derivatives further revealed these lipid structures to be pure cholesterol crystals, which were predominantly observed in the ApoE(-/-) mouse model. These results illustrate the ability of hyperspectral CARS imaging in combination with multivariate analysis to characterize atherosclerotic lipid morphology and composition with chemical specificity, and consequently, provide new insight into the formation of cholesterol crystal structures in atherosclerotic plaque lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Lim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA; Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Jeffrey L Suhalim
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA; Beckman Laser Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA and
| | - Shinobu Miyazaki-Anzai
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Moshe Levi
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Eric O Potma
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA and; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA; and
| | - Bruce J Tromberg
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA; Beckman Laser Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA and.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lim RS, Kratzer A, Barry NP, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Miyazaki M, Mantulin WW, Levi M, Potma EO, Tromberg BJ. Multimodal CARS microscopy determination of the impact of diet on macrophage infiltration and lipid accumulation on plaque formation in ApoE-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:1729-37. [PMID: 20208058 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m003616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized several cellular and structural features of early stage Type II/III atherosclerotic plaques in an established model of atherosclerosis-the ApoE-deficient mouse-by using a multimodal, coregistered imaging system that integrates three nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) contrast mechanisms: coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG), and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF). Specifically, the infiltration of lipid-rich macrophages and the structural organization of collagen and elastin fibers were visualized by CARS, SHG, and TPEF, respectively, in thick tissue specimens without the use of exogenous labels or dyes. Label-free CARS imaging of macrophage accumulation was confirmed by histopathology using CD68 staining. A high-fat, high-cholesterol Western diet resulted in an approximate 2-fold increase in intimal plaque area, defined by CARS signals of lipid-rich macrophages. Additionally, analysis of collagen distribution within lipid-rich plaque regions revealed nearly a 4-fold decrease in the Western diet-fed mice, suggesting NLOM sensitivity to increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and decreased smooth muscle cell (SMC) accumulation. These imaging results provide significant insight into the structure and composition of early stage Type II/III plaque during formation and allow for quantitative measurements of the impact of diet and other factors on critical plaque and arterial wall features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Lim
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schwaiger M, Ziegler SI, Nekolla SG. PET/CT challenge for the non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Eur J Radiol 2010; 73:494-503. [PMID: 20206454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on the clinical potential of PET/CT for the characterization of cardiovascular diseases. We describe the technical challenges of combining instrumentation with very different imaging performance and discuss the clinical applications in the field of cardiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schwaiger
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, München, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Can nuclear medicine shed light on the dark side of angiogenesis in cardiovascular disease? Nucl Med Commun 2008; 29:585-7. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e3283000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Wolters SL, Corsten MF, Reutelingsperger CPM, Narula J, Hofstra L. Cardiovascular molecular imaging of apoptosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 34 Suppl 1:S86-98. [PMID: 17551724 PMCID: PMC1914225 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Molecular imaging strives to visualise processes at the molecular and cellular level in vivo. Understanding these processes supports diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy on an individual basis and thereby makes personalised medicine possible. Apoptosis and molecular imaging Apoptosis is a well-organised mode of cell suicide that plays a role in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Apoptosis is associated with loss of cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction, atherosclerotic plaque instability, congestive heart failure and allograft rejection of the transplanted heart. Thus, apoptosis constitutes an attractive target for molecular imaging of CVD. Our current knowledge about the molecular players and mechanisms underlying apoptosis offers a rich palette of potential molecular targets for molecular imaging. However, only a few have been successfully developed so far. Aims This review highlights aspects of the molecular machinery and biochemistry of apoptosis relevant to the development of molecular imaging probes. It surveys the role of apoptosis in four major areas of CVD and portrays the importance and future perspectives of apoptosis imaging. The annexin A5 imaging protocol is emphasised since it is the most advanced protocol to measure apoptosis in both preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Wolters
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M. F. Corsten
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD The Netherlands
| | - C. P. M. Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Narula
- Department of Cardiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - L. Hofstra
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Imaging of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques with FDG-microPET: No FDG accumulation. Atherosclerosis 2007; 192:275-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Corsten MF, Reutelingsperger CPM, Hofstra L. Imaging apoptosis for detecting plaque instability: rendering death a brighter facade. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2007; 18:83-9. [PMID: 17275277 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The relatively poor correlation between the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture and the degree of luminal obstruction before this event implies a strong imperative for in vivo detection of the processes underlying progressive plaque destabilization. In addition to the morphologic characteristics, apoptosis and inflammation comprise two important indicators of plaque instability. Apoptotic macrophage death results in enlargement of the plaque necrotic core and positive vascular remodelling, whereas apoptosis of the smooth muscle cells leads to attenuation of the fibrous cap. Imaging of apoptotic cells with annexin A5 provides an opportunity for the non-invasive assessment of cell death, and hence plaque vulnerability. The clinical detection of apoptosis could therefore promote the development of novel intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten F Corsten
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University and Maastricht University Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
On the basis of clinical observations that acute coronary events often result from rupture of atherosclerotic plaques at sites with no or minor luminal narrowing, the search for techniques by which to identify vulnerable, rupture-prone lesions has developed into a quest for the holy grail of cardiovascular medicine. Vulnerable plaques may show characteristic morphologic features, but they may still differ in their biology and their activity, which ultimately leads to rupture. As a consequence, considerable efforts have been undertaken to identify biologic mechanisms of atherosclerotic lesions by use of molecular-targeted radiolabeled probes. A variety of approaches aiming at plaque inflammation, apoptosis, smooth muscle cell proliferation, extracellular matrix activation, or platelet binding have been introduced. Nevertheless, molecular imaging of atherosclerosis is still a work in progress. Challenges related to the best targeting approach, to translation of animal model results to the clinical setting, to adequate imaging methodology for visualization of coronary artery biology, and to a suitable target patient population will need to be overcome. But the field is steadily moving ahead and getting closer to the ultimate goal of an improved clinical risk assessment through in vivo assessment of vascular biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Bengel
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|