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Ko KY, Wu YW. New approach for cardiac insulin resistance assessment using nuclear imaging: Moving research closer to practice. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:1430-1433. [PMID: 33686581 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yin Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Perret P, Slimani L, Barone-Rochette G, Vollaire J, Briat A, Ahmadi M, Henri M, Desruet MD, Clerc R, Broisat A, Riou L, Boucher F, Frouin F, Djaileb L, Calizzano A, Vanzetto G, Fagret D, Ghezzi C. Preclinical and clinical evaluation of a new method to assess cardiac insulin resistance using nuclear imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:1419-1429. [PMID: 33502690 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial insulin resistance (IR) could be a predictive factor of cardiovascular events. This study aimed to introduce a new method using 123I-6-deoxy-6-iodo-D-glucose (6DIG), a pure tracer of glucose transport, for the assessment of IR using cardiac dynamic nuclear imaging. METHODS The protocol evaluated first in rat-models consisted in two 6DIG injections and one of insulin associated with planar imaging and blood sampling. Compartmental modeling was used to analyze 6DIG kinetics in basal and insulin conditions and to obtain an index of IR. As a part of a translational approach, a clinical study was then performed in 5 healthy and 6 diabetic volunteers. RESULTS In rodent models, the method revealed reproducible when performed twice at 7 days apart in the same animal. Rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug, induced a significant increase of myocardial IR index in obese Zucker rats from 0.96 ± 0.18 to 2.26 ± 0.44 (P<.05) after 7 days of an oral treatment, and 6DIG IR indexes correlated with the gold standard IR index obtained through the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (r=.68, P<.02). In human, a factorial analysis was applied on images to obtain vascular and myocardial kinetics before compartmental modeling. 1.5-fold to 2.2-fold decreases in mean cardiac IR indexes from healthy to diabetic volunteers were observed without reaching statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical results demonstrate the reproducibility and sensibility of this novel imaging methodology. Although this first in-human study showed that this new method could be rapidly performed, larger studies need to be planned in order to confirm its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Perret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Lotfi Slimani
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Julien Vollaire
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Briat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Mitra Ahmadi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marion Henri
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Romain Clerc
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Riou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - François Boucher
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Loïc Djaileb
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alex Calizzano
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gérald Vanzetto
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Fagret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB U1039, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Safety, Biodistribution, and Dosimetry of 123I-6-Deoxy-6-Iodo-D-Glucose, a Tracer of Glucose Transport, in Healthy and Diabetic Volunteers. Clin Nucl Med 2019; 44:386-393. [PMID: 30888989 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin resistance is a key feature of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, in which noninvasive assessment is not currently allowed by any methodology. We previously validated an iodinated tracer of glucose transport (6DIG) and a new methodology for the in vivo quantification of cardiac insulin resistance in rodents. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of this method using I-6DIG in 5 healthy and 6 diabetic volunteers. METHODS The collection of adverse effects (AEs) and medical supervision of vital parameters and biological variables allowed the safety evaluation. Biodistribution was studied by sequentially acquiring whole-body images at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours postinjection. The total number of disintegrations in each organ normalized to the injected activity was calculated as the area under the time-activity curves. Dosimetry calculations were performed using OLINDA/EXM. RESULTS No major adverse events were observed. The average dose corresponding to the 2 injections of I-6DIG used in the protocol was 182.1 ± 7.5 MBq. A fast blood clearance of I-6DIG was observed. The main route of elimination was urinary, with greater than 50% of urine activity over 24 hours. No blood or urine metabolite was detected. I-6DIG accumulation mostly occurred in elimination organs such as kidneys and liver. Mean radiation dosimetry calculations indicated an effective whole-body absorbed dose of 3.35 ± 0.57 mSv for the whole procedure. CONCLUSIONS I-6DIG was well tolerated in human with a dosimetry profile comparable to that of other commonly used iodinated tracers, thereby allowing further clinical development of the tracer.
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Driescher N, Joseph DE, Human VR, Ojuka E, Cour M, Hadebe N, Bester D, Marnewick JL, Lecour S, Lochner A, Essop MF. The impact of sugar-sweetened beverage intake on rat cardiac function. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01357. [PMID: 30949605 PMCID: PMC6429811 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Although there is evidence linking sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake with the development of cardio-metabolic diseases, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study therefore evaluated the effects of SSB consumption by establishing a unique in-house in vivo experimental model. Main methods Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a) one consuming a popular local SSB (SSB- Jive), and b) a control group (Control-water) for a period of three and six months (n = 6 per group), respectively. Rats were gavaged on a daily basis with an experimental dosage amounting to half a glass per day (in human terms) (SSB vs. water). Cardiac function was assessed at baseline (echocardiography) and following ex vivo ischemia-reperfusion of the isolated perfused working rat heart. Oral glucose tolerance tests and mitochondrial respiratory analyses were also performed. In addition, the role of non-oxidative glucose pathways (NOGPs), i.e. the polyol pathway, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and PKC were assessed. Key findings These data show that SSB intake: a) resulted in increased weight gain, but did not elicit major effects in terms of insulin resistance and cardiac function after three and six months, respectively; b) triggered myocardial NOGP activation after three months with a reversion after six months; and c) resulted in some impairment in mitochondrial respiratory capacity in response to fatty acid substrate supply after six months. Significance SSB intake did not result in cardiac dysfunction or insulin resistance. However, early changes at the molecular level may increase risk in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Driescher
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Danzil E Joseph
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Veronique R Human
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Edward Ojuka
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Cour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (HICRA), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nkanyiso Hadebe
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (HICRA), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dirk Bester
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Jeanine L Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa.,Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (HICRA), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amanda Lochner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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Olaniyi KS, Olatunji LA. Oral ethinylestradiol-levonorgestrel attenuates cardiac glycogen and triglyceride accumulation in high fructose female rats by suppressing pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:89-101. [PMID: 30276420 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fructose (FRU) intake has increased dramatically in recent decades with a corresponding increased incidence of insulin resistance (IR), particularly in young adults. The use of oral ethinylestradiol-levonorgestrel (EEL) formulation is also common among young women worldwide. The present study aimed at determining the effect of EEL on high fructose-induced cardiac triglyceride (TG) and glycogen accumulation. The study also investigated the possible involvement of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) in EEL and/or high fructose metabolic effects on the heart. Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were allotted into four groups. The control, EEL, FRU, and EEL + FRU rats received distilled water (vehicle, p.o.), 1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel (p.o.), 10% fructose (w/v), and 1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel and 10% fructose, respectively, daily for 8 weeks. Data showed that EEL or high fructose caused IR' impaired glucose tolerance' hyperlipidemia' increased plasma lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, PDK-4, uric acid, xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), malondialdehyde (MDA), cardiac uric acid, TG, TG/HDL- cholesterol, glycogen synthesis, MDA, and visceral fat content and reduced glutathione. High fructose also resulted in impaired pancreatic β-cell function, hyperglycemia, and increased cardiac PDK-4, lactate synthesis, and mass. Nonetheless, these alterations were ameliorated in EEL plus high fructose rats. This study demonstrates that high fructose-induced myocardial TG and glycogen accumulation is attributable to increased PDK-4. Besides, EEL could be a useful pharmacological utility for protection against cardiac dysmetabolism by inhibiting PDK-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria.
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Abstract
Facilitative carbohydrate transporters-Gluts-have received wide attention over decades due to their essential role in nutrient uptake and links with various metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Endeavors directed towards understanding the mechanisms of Glut-mediated nutrient uptake have resulted in a multidisciplinary research field spanning protein chemistry, chemical biology, organic synthesis, crystallography, and biomolecular modeling. Gluts became attractive targets for cancer research and medicinal chemistry, leading to the development of new approaches to cancer diagnostics and providing avenues for cancer-targeting therapeutics. In this review, the current state of knowledge of the molecular interactions behind Glut-mediated sugar uptake, Glut-targeting probes, therapeutics, and inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Joseph R Fedie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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Delbridge LMD, Benson VL, Ritchie RH, Mellor KM. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Case for a Role of Fructose in Disease Etiology. Diabetes 2016; 65:3521-3528. [PMID: 27879401 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A link between excess dietary sugar and cardiac disease is clearly evident and has been largely attributed to systemic metabolic dysregulation. Now a new paradigm is emerging, and a compelling case can be made that fructose-associated heart injury may be attributed to the direct actions of fructose on cardiomyocytes. Plasma and cardiac fructose levels are elevated in patients with diabetes, and evidence suggests that some unique properties of fructose (vs. glucose) have specific cardiomyocyte consequences. Investigations to date have demonstrated that cardiomyocytes have the capacity to transport and utilize fructose and express all of the necessary proteins for fructose metabolism. When dietary fructose intake is elevated and myocardial glucose uptake compromised by insulin resistance, increased cardiomyocyte fructose flux represents a hazard involving unregulated glycolysis and oxidative stress. The high reactivity of fructose supports the contention that fructose accelerates subcellular hexose sugar-related protein modifications, such as O-GlcNAcylation and advanced glycation end product formation. Exciting recent discoveries link heart failure to induction of the specific high-affinity fructose-metabolizing enzyme, fructokinase, in an experimental setting. In this Perspective, we review key recent findings to synthesize a novel view of fructose as a cardiopathogenic agent in diabetes and to identify important knowledge gaps for urgent research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicky L Benson
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kimura T, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Glycosylations of Glycals using N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS) and Phosphorus Compounds for Syntheses of 2-Iodo- and 2-Deoxyglycosides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9552-62. [PMID: 26375399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylations of glycals and alcohols using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and a catalytic amount of PPh3 effectively proceeded under mild conditions to provide the corresponding 2-deoxy-2-iodoglycosides in high yields. The reactivity of the iodoglycosylations with PPh3 significantly increased in comparison to that using NIS alone as an activator. In addition, the glycosylations of glycals and alcohols using catalytic amounts of NIS and P(OPh)3 were effectively realized to give the corresponding 2-deoxyglycosides in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Larsen LH, Ørstrup LKH, Hansen SH, Grunnet N, Quistorff B, Mortensen OH. Fructose feeding changes taurine homeostasis in wistar rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:695-706. [PMID: 25833537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hüche Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cellular and Metabolic Research Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Larsen LH, Orstrup LKH, Hansen SH, Grunnet N, Quistorff B, Mortensen OH. The effect of long-term taurine supplementation and fructose feeding on glucose and lipid homeostasis in Wistar rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 776:39-50. [PMID: 23392869 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6093-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The nonprotein amino acid taurine has been shown to counteract the negative effects of a high-fructose diet in rats with regard to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Here we examined the long-term (26 weeks) effects of oral taurine supplementation (2% in the drinking water) in fructose-fed Wistar rats.The combination of fructose and taurine caused a significant increase in fasting glucose compared to the control diet without changing hepatic phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase mRNA levels. The combination of fructose and taurine also improved glucose tolerance compared to control. Neither a high-fructose diet nor taurine supplementation induced significant changes in body weight, body fat or total calorie intake, fasting insulin levels, HOMA-IR, or insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle.Fructose alone caused a decrease in liver triglyceride content, with taurine supplementation preventing this. There was no effect of long-term fructose diet and/or taurine supplementation on plasma triglycerides, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, as well as plasma HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol.In conclusion, the study suggests that long-term taurine supplementation improves glucose tolerance and normalize hepatic triglyceride content following long-term fructose feeding. However, as the combination of taurine and fructose also increased fasting glucose levels, the beneficial effect of taurine supplementation towards amelioration of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance may be questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hüche Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hininger-Favier I, Benaraba R, Coves S, Anderson RA, Roussel AM. Green Tea Extract Decreases Oxidative Stress and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in an Animal Model of Insulin Resistance, the Fructose-Fed Rat. J Am Coll Nutr 2009; 28:355-61. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2009.10718097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Briat A, Slimani L, Perret P, Villemain D, Halimi S, Demongeot J, Fagret D, Ghezzi C. In vivo assessment of cardiac insulin resistance by nuclear probes using an iodinated tracer of glucose transport. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 34:1756-64. [PMID: 17530249 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin resistance, implying depressed cellular sensitivity to insulin, is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study is the first step towards the development of a technique of insulin resistance measurement in humans with a new tracer of glucose transport, [(123)I]6-deoxy-6-iodo-D-glucose (6DIG). METHODS We investigated 6DIG kinetics in anaesthetised control rats and in three models of insulin-resistant rats: fructose fed, Zucker and ZDF. The study of myocardial 6DIG activity was performed under two conditions: first, 6DIG was injected under the baseline condition and then it was injected after a bolus injection of insulin. After each injection, radioactivity was measured over 45 min by external detection via NaI probes, in the heart and blood. A tri-compartment model was developed to obtain fractional transfer coefficients of 6DIG from the blood to the heart. RESULTS These coefficients were significantly increased with insulin in control rats and did not change significantly in insulin-resistant rats. The ratio of the coefficient obtained under insulin to that obtained under basal conditions gave an index of cardiac insulin resistance for each animal. The mean values of these ratios were significantly lower in insulin-resistant than in control rats: 1.16 +/- 0.06 vs 2.28 +/- 0.18 (p < 0.001) for the fructose-fed group, 0.92 +/- 0.05 vs 1.62 +/- 0.25 (p < 0.01) for the Zucker group and 1.34 +/- 0.06 vs 2.01 +/- 0.26 (p < 0.05) for the ZDF group. CONCLUSION These results show that 6DIG could be a useful tracer to image cardiac insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Briat
- INSERM, E0340, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble 38000, France
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