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Ho Shon I, Hogg PJ. Imaging of cell death in malignancy: Targeting pathways or phenotypes? Nucl Med Biol 2023; 124-125:108380. [PMID: 37598518 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is fundamental in health and disease and resisting cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Treatment of malignancy aims to cause cancer cell death, however current clinical imaging of treatment response does not specifically image cancer cell death but assesses this indirectly either by changes in tumor size (using x-ray computed tomography) or metabolic activity (using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography). The ability to directly image tumor cell death soon after commencement of therapy would enable personalised response adapted approaches to cancer treatment that is presently not possible with current imaging, which is in many circumstances neither sufficiently accurate nor timely. Several cell death pathways have now been identified and characterised that present multiple potential targets for imaging cell death including externalisation of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, caspase activation and La autoantigen redistribution. However, targeting one specific cell death pathway carries the risk of not detecting cell death by other pathways and it is now understood that cancer treatment induces cell death by different and sometimes multiple pathways. An alternative approach is targeting the cell death phenotype that is "agnostic" of the death pathway. Cell death phenotypes that have been targeted for cell death imaging include loss of plasma membrane integrity and dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Targeting the cell death phenotype may have the advantage of being a more sensitive and generalisable approach to cancer cell death imaging. This review describes and summarises the approaches and radiopharmaceuticals investigated for imaging cell death by targeting cell death pathways or cell death phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ho Shon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Fang Z, Chen H. The in vivo drug delivery pattern of the organelle-targeting small molecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115020. [PMID: 37481114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell organelles sustain the life of cells. Their structural changes and dysfunctions can cause abnormal physiological activities and lead to various diseases. Molecular imaging technology enables the visualization of subcellular structures, cells, organs, and the whole living body's structure and metabolism dynamic changes. This could help to reveal the pharmacology mechanisms and drug delivery pathway in vivo. This article discusses the relationship between organelles and human disease, reviews recent probes targeting organelles and their behavior in vivo. We found that mitochondria-targeting probes prefer accumulation in the intestine, heart, and tumor. The lysosome-targeting probe accumulates in the intestine and tumor. Few studies on endoplasmic reticulum- or Golgi apparatus-targeting probes have been reported for in vivo imaging. We hope this review could provide new insights for developing and applying organelle-targeting probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Fang
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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3
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Suzuki C, Sakai T, Magata Y. Reduced P-glycoprotein recognition of a radioiodine-labeled phosphonium cation by stilbenylation for mitochondrial membrane potential based-imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 84:117260. [PMID: 37003156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of radiolabeled phosphonium cations in cells is dependent on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). However, the efflux of these cations from tumor cells via P-glycoprotein (P-gp) limits their clinical application as MMP-based imaging tracers. In the present study, we designed (E)-diethyl-4-[125I]iodobenzyl-4-stilbenylphosphonium ([125I]IDESP), which contains a stilbenyl substituent, as a P-gp inhibitor to reduce P-gp recognition, and evaluated its biological properties in comparison with 4-[125I]iodobenzyl dipropylphenylphosphonium ([125I]IDPP). The in vitro cellular uptake ratio of [125I]IDESP in P-gp expressing K562/Vin cells to the parent (P-gp negative) K562 cells was significantly higher than that of [125I]IDPP. The efflux rate of [125I]IDESP was not significantly different between K562 and K562/Vin, while [125I]IDPP was rapidly effluxed from K562/Vin compared with K562, and the efflux of [125I]IDPP from K562/Vin was inhibited by the P-gp inhibitor, cyclosporine A. The cellular uptake of [125I]IDESP was well correlated with the MMP levels. These results suggested that [125I]IDESP was accumulated in cells depending on the MMP levels, without being effluxed via P-gp, while [125I]IDPP was rapidly effluxed from the cells via P-gp. Despite having suitable in vitro properties for MMP-based imaging, [125I]IDESP showed rapid blood clearance and lower tumor accumulation than [125I]IDPP. Improvement in the normal tissue distribution of [125I]IDESP is required to develop an agent for use in in vivo MMP-based tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Suzuki
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakai
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Magata
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
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4
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PET imaging of mitochondrial function in acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: a proof-of-principle study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6122. [PMID: 35414642 PMCID: PMC9005533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). In this proof-of-principle study, we investigated whether PET mapping of cardiac membrane potential, an indicator of mitochondrial function, could detect an acute cardiotoxic effect of doxorubicin (DOX) in a large animal model. Eight Yucatan pigs were imaged dynamically with [18F](4-Fluorophenyl)triphenylphosphonium ([18F]FTPP+) PET/CT. Our experimental protocol included a control saline infusion into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by a DOX test infusion of either 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg during PET. We measured the change in total cardiac membrane potential (ΔΨT), a proxy for the mitochondrial membrane potential, ΔΨm, after the saline and DOX infusions. We observed a partial depolarization of the mitochondria following the DOX infusions, which occurred only in myocardial areas distal to the intracoronary catheter, thereby demonstrating a direct association between the exposure of the mitochondria to DOX and a change in ΔΨT. Furthermore, doubling the DOX dose caused a more severe depolarization of myocardium in the LAD territory distal to the infusion catheter. In conclusion, [18F]FTPP+ PET-based ΔΨT mapping can measure partial depolarization of myocardial mitochondria following intracoronary DOX infusion in a large animal model.
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Erratum: Augmented Liver Uptake of the Membrane Voltage Sensor Tetraphenylphosphonium Distinguishes Early Fibrosis in a Mouse Model. Front Physiol 2022; 12:830151. [PMID: 35002786 PMCID: PMC8728887 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.830151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.676722.].
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Zheng L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ji A, Lou H, Liu X, Chen H, Cheng Z. Development of Mitochondria-Targeted Small-Molecule Dyes for Myocardial PET and Fluorescence Bimodal Imaging. J Med Chem 2021; 65:497-506. [PMID: 34937337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescent dual-modal probes are rarely reported. As one of the most promising lipophilic cations, F16 and its derivatives (F16s) have never been used for myocardial imaging. In this work, 14 F16s are synthesized and evaluated for cardiac imaging. In vitro cell fluorescence imaging revealed that the lead probe 5MEF is precisely localized in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. In addition, it shows excellent ex vivo fluorescence imaging quality with the heart-to-muscle and heart-to-liver ratios up to ∼2. Furthermore, the radiofluorinated probe 18F-5MEF is successfully prepared and shows a high initial heart uptake of 8.66 ± 0.34 % ID/g at 5 min post injection. It displays a high heart imaging performance, a long retention time in the heart, and a low background in the most normal tissues as revealed by PET. To our knowledge, this is the first time novel F16 analogues are designed and developed for myocardial dual-modal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yujing Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyue Lou
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingdang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264000, China
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7
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Pandita H, Mezey E, Ganapathy-Kanniappan S. Augmented Liver Uptake of the Membrane Voltage Sensor Tetraphenylphosphonium Distinguishes Early Fibrosis in a Mouse Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:676722. [PMID: 34759830 PMCID: PMC8573124 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.676722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (mito-) oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is a critical determinant of cellular membrane potential/voltage. Dysregulation of OxPhos is a biochemical signature of advanced liver fibrosis. However, less is known about the net voltage of the liver in fibrosis. In this study, using the radiolabeled [3H] voltage sensor, tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP), which depends on membrane potential for cellular uptake/accumulation, we determined the net voltage of the liver in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis. We demonstrated that the liver uptake of 3H-TPP significantly increased at 4 weeks of CCl4-administration (6.07 ± 0.69% ID/g, p < 0.05) compared with 6 weeks (4.85 ± 1.47% ID/g) and the control (3.50 ± 0.22% ID/g). Analysis of the fibrosis, collagen synthesis, and deposition showed that the increased 3H-TPP uptake at 4 weeks corresponds to early fibrosis (F1), according to the METAVIR scoring system. Biodistribution data revealed that the 3H-TPP accumulation is significant in the fibrogenic liver but not in other tissues. Mechanistically, the augmentation of the liver uptake of 3H-TPP in early fibrosis concurred with the upregulation of mito-electron transport chain enzymes, a concomitant increase in mito-oxygen consumption, and the activation of the AMPK-signaling pathway. Collectively, our results indicate that mito-metabolic response to hepatic insult may underlie the net increase in the voltage of the liver in early fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Pandita
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Esteban Mezey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shanmugasundaram Ganapathy-Kanniappan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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8
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Synthesis and Evaluation of 18F-Labeled Fluoroalkyl Triphenylphosphonium Salts as Mitochondrial Voltage Sensors in PET Myocardial Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34118031 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1262-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
We have previously reported that radiolabeled phosphonium cations accumulate in the mitochondria down a transmembrane potential gradient. We present an optimized procedure for synthesis of three [18F]-labeled fluoroalkyl triphenylphosphonium salts ([18F]FATPs) via two-step simple nucleophilic substitution reactions to develop new myocardial imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) . The total reaction time of [18F]FATPs was within 60 min, and the overall decay-corrected radiochemical yield was approximately 15-30% (decay corrected). Radiochemical purity was >98% according to analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . The specific activity of [18F]FATPs was >6.1 TBq/μmol. The [18F]FATPs exhibited higher first-pass extraction fraction values in isolated heart, higher uptake in the myocardium, and a more rapid clearance from the liver and lung than [13N]NH3 in normal rats. The images from rats with an occluded left coronary artery demonstrated sharply defined myocardial defects in the corresponding area of the myocardium. This imaging technology may enable high-throughput, multiple studies daily and wide distribution of PET myocardial studies in clinic.
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9
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Wang H, Wang M, Chansaenpak K, Liu Y, Yuan H, Xie J, Yin H, Branca RT, Li Z, Wu Z. A Novel PET Probe for Brown Adipose Tissue Imaging in Rodents. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:675-684. [PMID: 31520279 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a promising target to counteract obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. However, the detection of this tissue remains one of the major roadblocks. PROCEDURES In this study, we assess the use of BODIPY 1 as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent to image BAT depots in vivo in two mouse phenotypes: obesity-resistant BALB/c mice and the obesity-prone C57BL/6 mice. [18F]BODIPY 1 is a radioactive dye that processed both radioactivity for PET imaging and fluorescence signal for in vitro mechanism study. RESULTS Through the co-staining of cancer cells with BODIPY 1 and MitoTracker, we found BODIPY 1 mainly accumulated in cell mitochondria in vitro. Fluorescence imaging of primary brown and white adipocytes further confirmed BODIPY 1 had significantly higher accumulation in primary brown adipocytes compared with primary white adipocytes. We evaluated [18F]BODIPY 1 for BAT imaging in both obesity-resistant BALB/c mice and obesity-prone C57BL/6 mice. Indeed, [18F]BODIPY 1 was efficiently taken up by BAT in both mouse genotypes (6.40 ± 1.98 %ID/g in obesity-resistant BALB/c mice (n = 8) and 5.37 ± 0.82 %ID/g in obesity-prone C57BL/6 mice (n = 7)). Although norepinephrine stimulation could increase the absolute BAT uptake, the enhancement is not significant in both genotypes (p > 0.05) at current sample size. These results suggest BAT uptake of [18F]BODIPY 1 may be independent of BAT thermogenic activity. As a comparison, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET imaging was performed in obesity-resistant BALB/c mice. Significantly increased uptake was observed in adrenergically activated BAT (10.08 ± 2.52 %ID/g, n = 3) but not in inactive BAT (3.803 ± 0.70 %ID/g; n = 3). Because [18F]BODIPY 1 maintained its fluorescent property, BAT tissue was excised and studied using fluorescence microscopy. Strong fluorescence signal was observed in BAT mouse that was injected with BODIPY 1. CONCLUSIONS Unlike [18F]FDG, [18F]BODIPY 1 showed prominent accumulation in BAT under both inactive and stimulated status. [18F]BODIPY 1 may serve as a valuable BAT PET agent to possibly assess BAT mitochondria density, thus BAT thermogenic capacity after further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kantapat Chansaenpak
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Bio-Imaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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10
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[ 18F]-C-SNAT4: an improved caspase-3-sensitive nanoaggregation PET tracer for imaging of tumor responses to chemo- and immunotherapies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3386-3399. [PMID: 33712870 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of apoptosis can noninvasively detect cell death in vivo and assist in monitoring tumor response to treatment in patients. While extensive efforts have been devoted to addressing this important need, no apoptosis PET imaging agents have yet been approved for clinical use. This study reports an improved 18F-labeled caspase-sensitive nanoaggregation tracer ([18F]-C-SNAT4) for PET imaging of tumor response to chemo- and immunotherapies in preclinical mouse models. METHODS We rationally designed and synthesized a new PET tracer [18F]-C-SNAT4 to detect cell death both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro radiotracer uptake studies were performed on drug-sensitive and -resistant NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H460 and NCI-H1299, respectively) treated with cisplatin at different doses. In vivo therapy response monitoring by [18F]-C-SNAT4 PET imaging was evaluated with two treatment modalities-chemotherapy and immunotherapy in two tumor xenografts in mice. Radiotracer uptake in the tumors was validated ex vivo using γ-counting and cleaved caspase-3 immunofluorescence. RESULTS This [18F]-C-SNAT4 PET tracer was facilely synthesized and displayed improved serum stability profiles. [18F]-C-SNAT4 cellular update was elevated in NCI-H460 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which correlated well with cell death. A significant increase in [18F]-C-SNAT4 uptake was measured in NCI-H460 tumor xenografts in mice. In contrast, a rapid clearance of [18F]-C-SNAT4 was observed in drug-resistant NCI-H1299 in vitro and in tumor xenografts. Moreover, in BALB/C mice bearing murine colon cancer CT26 tumor xenografts receiving checkpoint inhibitors, [18F]-C-SNAT4 showed its ability for monitoring immunotherapy-induced apoptosis and reporting treatment-responding mice from non-responding. CONCLUSION The uptake of [18F]-C-SNAT4 in tumors received chemotherapy and immunotherapy is positively correlated with the tumor apoptotic level and the treatment efficacy. [18F]-C-SNAT4 PET imaging can monitor tumor response to two different treatment modalities and predict the therapeutic efficacy in preclinical mouse models.
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11
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Momcilovic M, Shirihai O, Murphy MP, Koehler CM, Sadeghi S, Shackelford DB. Reply to: In vivo quantification of mitochondrial membrane potential. Nature 2020; 583:E19-E20. [PMID: 32641810 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Momcilovic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orian Shirihai
- Department of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carla M Koehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Trush MM, Kovalishyn V, Hodyna D, Golovchenko OV, Chumachenko S, Tetko IV, Brovarets VS, Metelytsia L. In silico and in vitro studies of a number PILs as new antibacterials against MDR clinical isolate
Acinetobacter baumannii. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 95:624-630. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Trush
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kovalishyn
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Diana Hodyna
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Olexandr V. Golovchenko
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Chumachenko
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Igor V. Tetko
- Helmholtz Zentrum München ‐ German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Neuherberg Germany
- BIGCHEM GmbH Unterschleißheim Germany
| | - Volodymyr S. Brovarets
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Larysa Metelytsia
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
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13
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Zhang D, Jin Q, Jiang C, Gao M, Ni Y, Zhang J. Imaging Cell Death: Focus on Early Evaluation of Tumor Response to Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1025-1051. [PMID: 32150392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays a prominent role in the treatment of cancer, because most anticancer therapies act by the induction of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, and other pathways of cell death. Imaging cell death helps to identify treatment responders from nonresponders and thus enables patient-tailored therapy, which will increase the likelihood of treatment response and ultimately lead to improved patient survival. By taking advantage of molecular probes that specifically target the biomarkers/biochemical processes of cell death, cell death imaging can be successfully achieved. In recent years, with the increased understanding of the molecular mechanism of cell death, a variety of well-defined biomarkers/biochemical processes of cell death have been identified. By targeting these established cell death biomarkers/biochemical processes, a set of molecular imaging probes have been developed and evaluated for early monitoring treatment response in tumors. In this review, we mainly present the recent advances in identifying useful biomarkers/biochemical processes for both apoptosis and necrosis imaging and in developing molecular imaging probes targeting these biomarkers/biochemical processes, with a focus on their application in early evaluation of tumor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
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14
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Momcilovic M, Jones A, Bailey ST, Waldmann CM, Li R, Lee JT, Abdelhady G, Gomez A, Holloway T, Schmid E, Stout D, Fishbein MC, Stiles L, Dabir DV, Dubinett SM, Christofk H, Shirihai O, Koehler CM, Sadeghi S, Shackelford DB. In vivo imaging of mitochondrial membrane potential in non-small-cell lung cancer. Nature 2019; 575:380-384. [PMID: 31666695 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential regulators of cellular energy and metabolism, and have a crucial role in sustaining the growth and survival of cancer cells. A central function of mitochondria is the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, known as mitochondrial bioenergetics. Mitochondria maintain oxidative phosphorylation by creating a membrane potential gradient that is generated by the electron transport chain to drive the synthesis of ATP1. Mitochondria are essential for tumour initiation and maintaining tumour cell growth in cell culture and xenografts2,3. However, our understanding of oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in cancer is limited because most studies have been performed in vitro in cell culture models. This highlights a need for in vivo studies to better understand how oxidative metabolism supports tumour growth. Here we measure mitochondrial membrane potential in non-small-cell lung cancer in vivo using a voltage-sensitive, positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer known as 4-[18F]fluorobenzyl-triphenylphosphonium (18F-BnTP)4. By using PET imaging of 18F-BnTP, we profile mitochondrial membrane potential in autochthonous mouse models of lung cancer, and find distinct functional mitochondrial heterogeneity within subtypes of lung tumours. The use of 18F-BnTP PET imaging enabled us to functionally profile mitochondrial membrane potential in live tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Momcilovic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean T Bailey
- The Mouse Phase I Unit, Lineberger School of Medicine at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher M Waldmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason T Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gihad Abdelhady
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Travis Holloway
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ernst Schmid
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deepa V Dabir
- Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather Christofk
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Metabolomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orian Shirihai
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla M Koehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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McCluskey SP, Haslop A, Coello C, Gunn RN, Tate EW, Southworth R, Plisson C, Long NJ, Wells LA. Imaging of Chemotherapy-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity with 18F-Labeled Lipophilic Cations. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1750-1756. [PMID: 31147403 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.226787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many chemotherapy agents are toxic to the heart, such that increasing numbers of cancer survivors are now living with the potentially lethal cardiovascular consequences of their treatment. Earlier and more sensitive detection of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity may allow improved treatment strategies and increase long-term survival. Lipophilic cation PET tracers may be suitable for early detection of cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to evaluate an 18F-labeled lipophilic phosphonium cation, [1-(2-18F-fluoroethyl),1H[1,2,3]triazole-4-ethylene]triphenylphosphonium bromide (18F-MitoPhos), as a cardiac imaging agent, comparing it with leading PET and SPECT lipophilic cationic tracers before further assessing its potential for imaging cardiotoxicity in an acute doxorubicin model. Methods: Cardiac uptake and response to decreased mitochondrial membrane potential of 18F-MitoPhos and 99mTc-sestamibi were tested in isolated perfused rat hearts. Baseline pharmacokinetic profiles of 18F-MitoPhos and 18F-fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium and their response to acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity were assessed in rats in vivo (10, 15, or 20 mg of doxorubicin per kilogram, intravenously, 48 h beforehand). Results: Cardiac retention of 18F-MitoPhos was more than double that of 99mTc-sestamibi in isolated perfused rat hearts. A favorable biodistribution of 18F-MitoPhos in vivo was observed, with heart-to-tissue ratios of 304 ± 186, 11.2 ± 1.2, and 3.8 ± 0.6 for plasma, liver, and lung, respectively (60 min). A significant dose-dependent loss of cardiac retention of 18F-MitoPhos was observed on doxorubicin treatment, with average cardiac SUV from 30 to 60 min (mean ± SD) decreasing from 3.5 ± 0.5 (control) to 1.8 ± 0.1 (doxorubicin, 20 mg/kg). Other assessed biomarkers showed no alterations. Conclusion: 18F-MitoPhos showed pharmacokinetic parameters suitable for cardiac imaging. A significant dose response of cardiac uptake to doxorubicin treatment was observed before detectable biomarker alterations. 18F-MitoPhos is therefore a promising tracer for imaging chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of radiolabeled lipophilic cations being used for the PET imaging of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and indicates the potential application of these compounds in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart P McCluskey
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Invicro LLC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Haslop
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger N Gunn
- Invicro LLC, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Centre for Drug Discovery Science, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Southworth
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Werner RA, Chen X, Rowe SP, Lapa C, Javadi MS, Higuchi T. Moving into the next era of PET myocardial perfusion imaging: introduction of novel 18F-labeled tracers. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 35:569-577. [PMID: 30334228 PMCID: PMC6454078 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The heart failure epidemic continues to rise with coronary artery disease as one of its main causes. Novel concepts for risk stratification to guide the referring cardiologist towards revascularization procedures are of significant value. Myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) agents has demonstrated high accuracy for the detection of clinically relevant stenoses. With positron emission tomography (PET) becoming more widely available, mainly due to its diagnostic performance in oncology, perfusion imaging with that modality is more practical than in the past and overcomes existing limitations of SPECT MPI. Advantages of PET include more reliable quantification of absolute myocardial blood flow, the routine use of computed tomography for attenuation correction, a higher spatiotemporal resolution and a higher count sensitivity. Current PET radiotracers such as rubidium-82 (half-life, 76 s), oxygen-15 water (2 min) or nitrogen-13 ammonia (10 min) are labeled with radionuclides with very short half-lives, necessitating that stress imaging is performed under pharmacological vasodilator stress instead of exercise testing. However, with the introduction of novel 18F-labeled MPI PET radiotracers (half-life, 110 min), the intrinsic advantages of PET can be combined with exercise testing. Additional advantages of those radiotracers include, but are not limited to: potentially improved cost-effectiveness due to the use of pre-existing delivery systems and superior imaging qualities, mainly due to the shortest positron range among available PET MPI probes. In the present review, widely used PET MPI radiotracers will be reviewed and potential novel 18F-labeled perfusion radiotracers will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A Werner
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mehrbod S Javadi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Center, Suita, Japan.
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17
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Kim DY, Cho SG, Bom HS. Emerging Tracers for Nuclear Cardiac PET Imaging. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 52:266-278. [PMID: 30100939 PMCID: PMC6066491 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-018-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial perfusion imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) has several advantages over single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The recent advances in SPECT technology have shown promise, but there is still a large need for PET in the clinical management of coronary artery disease (CAD). Especially, absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) using PET is extremely important. In spite of considerable advances in the diagnosis of CAD, novel PET radiopharmaceuticals remain necessary for the diagnosis of CAD because clinical use of current cardiac radiotracers is limited by their physical characteristics, such as decay mode, emission energy, and half-life. Thus, the use of a radioisotope that has proper characteristics and a proper half-life to develop myocardial perfusion agents could overcome these limitations. In this review, the current state of cardiac PET and a general overview of novel 18F or 68Ga-labeled radiotracers, including their radiosynthesis, in vivo characterization, and evaluation, are provided. The future perspectives are discussed in terms of their potential usefulness based on new image analysis methods and hybrid imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Geon Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128 Republic of Korea
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18
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Rybczynska AA, Boersma HH, de Jong S, Gietema JA, Noordzij W, Dierckx RAJO, Elsinga PH, van Waarde A. Avenues to molecular imaging of dying cells: Focus on cancer. Med Res Rev 2018. [PMID: 29528513 PMCID: PMC6220832 DOI: 10.1002/med.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of cancer patients requires balancing of the dose, timing, and type of therapeutic regimen. Detection of increased cell death may serve as a predictor of the eventual therapeutic success. Imaging of cell death may thus lead to early identification of treatment responders and nonresponders, and to “patient‐tailored therapy.” Cell death in organs and tissues of the human body can be visualized, using positron emission tomography or single‐photon emission computed tomography, although unsolved problems remain concerning target selection, tracer pharmacokinetics, target‐to‐nontarget ratio, and spatial and temporal resolution of the scans. Phosphatidylserine exposure by dying cells has been the most extensively studied imaging target. However, visualization of this process with radiolabeled Annexin A5 has not become routine in the clinical setting. Classification of death modes is no longer based only on cell morphology but also on biochemistry, and apoptosis is no longer found to be the preponderant mechanism of cell death after antitumor therapy, as was earlier believed. These conceptual changes have affected radiochemical efforts. Novel probes targeting changes in membrane permeability, cytoplasmic pH, mitochondrial membrane potential, or caspase activation have recently been explored. In this review, we discuss molecular changes in tumors which can be targeted to visualize cell death and we propose promising biomarkers for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Rybczynska
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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19
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Alpert NM, Guehl N, Ptaszek L, Pelletier-Galarneau M, Ruskin J, Mansour MC, Wooten D, Ma C, Takahashi K, Zhou Y, Shoup TM, Normandin MD, El Fakhri G. Quantitative in vivo mapping of myocardial mitochondrial membrane potential. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190968. [PMID: 29338024 PMCID: PMC5770041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) arises from normal function of the electron transport chain. Maintenance of ΔΨm within a narrow range is essential for mitochondrial function. Methods for in vivo measurement of ΔΨm do not exist. We use 18F-labeled tetraphenylphosphonium (18F-TPP+) to measure and map the total membrane potential, ΔΨT, as the sum of ΔΨm and cellular (ΔΨc) electrical potentials. METHODS Eight pigs, five controls and three with a scar-like injury, were studied. Pigs were studied with a dynamic PET scanning protocol to measure 18F-TPP+ volume of distribution, VT. Fractional extracellular space (fECS) was measured in 3 pigs. We derived equations expressing ΔΨT as a function of VT and the volume-fractions of mitochondria and fECS. Seventeen segment polar maps and parametric images of ΔΨT were calculated in millivolts (mV). RESULTS In controls, mean segmental ΔΨT = -129.4±1.4 mV (SEM). In pigs with segmental tissue injury, ΔΨT was clearly separated from control segments but variable, in the range -100 to 0 mV. The quality of ΔΨT maps was excellent, with low noise and good resolution. Measurements of ΔΨT in the left ventricle of pigs agree with previous in in-vitro measurements. CONCLUSIONS We have analyzed the factors affecting the uptake of voltage sensing tracers and developed a minimally invasive method for mapping ΔΨT in left ventricular myocardium of pigs. ΔΨT is computed in absolute units, allowing for visual and statistical comparison of individual values with normative data. These studies demonstrate the first in vivo application of quantitative mapping of total tissue membrane potential, ΔΨT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M. Alpert
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Guehl
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leon Ptaszek
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthieu Pelletier-Galarneau
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Ruskin
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Moussa C. Mansour
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dustin Wooten
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chao Ma
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kazue Takahashi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yun Zhou
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Shoup
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marc D. Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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20
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Paparidis G, Akrivou M, Tsachouridou V, Shegani A, Vizirianakis IS, Pirmettis I, Papadopoulos MS, Papagiannopoulou D. Synthesis and evaluation of 99mTc/Re-tricarbonyl complexes of the triphenylphosphonium cation for mitochondrial targeting. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 57:34-41. [PMID: 29227814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipophilic delocalized cations accumulate in tumor cell mitochondria due to their higher transmembrane potential. In this work, this strategy was adopted for the development of 99mTc tumor-targeted imaging agents. METHODS Two tridentate ligands containing the triphenylphosphonium cation, L1 (S-cysteinyl) and L2 (N-iminodiacetate) as well as the respective 99mTc/ReL1 and 99mTc/ReL2 tricarbonyl complexes were synthesized. The effect of the ligands and the Re complexes on cell growth in U-87 MG glioblastoma cells was assessed. In vitro stability studies and measurement of logP of the 99mTc tracers was performed. The cellular and mitochondrial uptake of the 99mTc tracers in U-87 MG cells was evaluated. Biodistribution of 99mTcL1 and 99mTcL2 were performed on SCID mice bearing U-87 MG tumors. RESULTS The ligands L1, L2 and the Re1 and ReL2 complexes were characterized spectroscopically. Single products 99mTcL1 and 99mTcL2, >90% stable in rat serum, were obtained. LogP was 0.40±0.14 for 99mTcL1 and -0.02±0.07 for 99mTcL2. L1, ReL1 and ReL2 caused no notable cytotoxicity and L2 was found to infer 40% inhibition of cellular growth at 10-5M as well as 80% cell death in culture at 10-4M. The cell uptake of 99mTcL1 and 99mTcL2 over 4h was 1.26±0.08% and 0.06±0.01% respectively, of which 13.41±3.63% and 18.61±6.19% was distributed in the mitochondria respectively. The initial tumor uptake in mice was found to be >1% ID/g for both 99mTc tracers. CONCLUSIONS In vitro mitochondrial and in vivo tumor targeting was observed, better in 99mTcL1, however these properties should be optimized in future studies. Advances in Knowledge and Implications for Patient Care: Continuous efforts in this direction may lead to a suitable mitochondrial-targeted 99mTc imaging agent for tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paparidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Akrivou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vicky Tsachouridou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonio Shegani
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pirmettis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Minas S Papadopoulos
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysia Papagiannopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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21
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Ioppolo JA, Giboureau N, Bhadbhade M, Morrison DE, Kassiou M, Rendina LM. Efficient radiosynthesis of a [18F]-phosphonium salt containing closo-carborane. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Zielonka J, Sikora A, Hardy M, Ouari O, Vasquez-Vivar J, Cheng G, Lopez M, Kalyanaraman B. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10043-10120. [PMID: 28654243 PMCID: PMC5611849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 912] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to deliver drugs specifically to mitochondria is by covalent linking a lipophilic cation such as an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety to a pharmacophore of interest. Other delocalized lipophilic cations, such as rhodamine, natural and synthetic mitochondria-targeting peptides, and nanoparticle vehicles, have also been used for mitochondrial delivery of small molecules. Depending on the approach used, and the cell and mitochondrial membrane potentials, more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration can be achieved. Mitochondrial targeting has been developed to study mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction and the interaction between mitochondria and other subcellular organelles and for treatment of a variety of diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. In this Review, we discuss efforts to target small-molecule compounds to mitochondria for probing mitochondria function, as diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics. We describe the physicochemical basis for mitochondrial accumulation of lipophilic cations, synthetic chemistry strategies to target compounds to mitochondria, mitochondrial probes, and sensors, and examples of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive compounds. Finally, we review published attempts to apply mitochondria-targeted agents for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology Laboratories, Cardiovascular Foundation of Colombia, Carrera 5a No. 6-33, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia, 681003
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B No. 36-00, Cali, Colombia, 760032
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Chen S, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Fang W, Lu J, Zhang X. Effect of methoxy group position on biological properties of 18 F–labeled benzyl triphenylphosphonium cations. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 49:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tatarinov DA, Kuznetsov DM, Voloshina AD, Lyubina AP, Strobykina AS, Mukhitova FK, Polyancev FM, Mironov VF. Synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxyaryl)alkenylphosphonium salts from phosphine oxides via ring-closing ring-opening approach and their antimicrobial evaluation. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhang Z, Zhang C, Lau J, Colpo N, Bénard F, Lin KS. One-step synthesis of 4-[(18) F]fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium cation for imaging with positron emission tomography. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:467-71. [PMID: 27578168 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
4-[(18) F]Fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium cation ((18) F-FBnTP) is a promising negative membrane potential targeting positron emission tomography tracer. However, the reported multistep radiolabeling approach for the synthesis of (18) F-FBnTP poses a challenge for routine clinical applications. In this study, we demonstrated that (18) F-FBnTP can be prepared in good conversion yields (~60%, nondecay corrected) in just one step via a copper-mediated (18) F-fluorination reaction using a pinacolyl arylboronate precursor. In addition, our data suggest that (18) F-labeled (phosphonium) cations can be efficiently prepared via a copper-mediated (18) F-fluoronation by using triflate as the counterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph Lau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Synthesis and evaluation of [18F]-fluoromethyl triphenylphosphonium cation as a novel mitochondria-specific positron emission tomography tracer. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aganova OV, Galiullina LF, Aganov AV, Shtyrlin NV, Pugachev MV, Strel'nik AD, Koshkin SA, Shtyrlin YG, Klochkov VV. Synthesis of a new quaternary phosphonium salt: NMR study of the conformational structure and dynamics. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:320-327. [PMID: 26661926 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel phosphonium salt based on pyridoxine was synthesized. Conformational analysis of the compound in solution was performed using dynamic NMR experiments and calculations. The obtained results revealed some differences in the conformational transitions and the energy parameters of the conformational exchange of the studied compound in comparison to previously reported data for other phosphorus-containing pyridoxine derivatives. It was shown that increasing the substituent at the C-11 carbon leads to greater differences in the populations of stable states and the corresponding equilibrium energies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana V Aganova
- Institute of Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Leysan F Galiullina
- Institute of Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert V Aganov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Nikita V Shtyrlin
- Research and Educational Center of Pharmacy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Pugachev
- Research and Educational Center of Pharmacy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Alexey D Strel'nik
- Research and Educational Center of Pharmacy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Sergey A Koshkin
- Research and Educational Center of Pharmacy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Yurii G Shtyrlin
- Research and Educational Center of Pharmacy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Klochkov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
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Radiolabeled Phosphonium Salts as Mitochondrial Voltage Sensors for Positron Emission Tomography Myocardial Imaging Agents. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 50:185-95. [PMID: 27540422 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-016-0397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, (18)F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals remain necessary to diagnose heart disease because clinical use of current PET tracers is limited by their short half-life. Lipophilic cations such as phosphonium salts penetrate the mitochondrial membranes and accumulate in mitochondria of cardiomyocytes in response to negative inner-transmembrane potentials. Radiolabeled tetraphenylphosphonium cation derivatives have been developed as myocardial imaging agents for PET. In this review, a general overview of these radiotracers, including their radiosynthesis, in vivo characterization, and evaluation is provided and clinical perspectives are discussed.
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Tsukada H, Kanazawa M, Ohba H, Nishiyama S, Harada N, Kakiuchi T. PET Imaging of Mitochondrial Complex I with 18F-BCPP-EF in the Brains of MPTP-Treated Monkeys. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:950-3. [PMID: 26912430 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.169615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (18)F-BCPP-EF was applied to assess mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) activity in the brains of Parkinson disease model monkeys prepared by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and also presynaptic dopamine parameters. METHODS (11)C-β-CFT for the dopamine transporter; (11)C-3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-L-alanine (β-(11)C-L-DOPA), L-6-(18)F-fluorodopa ((18)F-FDOPA), or 6-(11)C-methyl-m-tyrosine ((11)C-6MemTyr) for dopamine synthesis; or 2-tert-butyl-4-chrolo-5-{6-[2-(2-(18)F-fluoroethoxy)-ethoxy]-pyridin-3-ylmethoxy}-2H-pyridazin-3-one ((18)F-BCPP-EF) for MC-I was intravenously injected into normal and MPTP monkeys in order to analyze their uptake in the striatum. RESULTS Significant reductions in presynaptic dopamine parameters and MC-I activity were detected in the striatum of MPTP monkeys. Correlations were observed between MC-I activity and dopamine transporter as well as between MC-I activity and dopamine synthesis in the striatum. The order of detectability of impaired MC-I activity was (11)C-6MemTyr >> β-(11)C-L-DOPA > (18)F-FDOPA. CONCLUSION (18)F-BCPP-EF has potential as a PET probe for the quantitative imaging of MC-I damage in the living brains of Parkinson disease model monkeys using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Kanazawa
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohba
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Nishiyama
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kakiuchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Tominaga T, Ito H, Ishikawa Y, Iwata R, Ishiwata K, Furumoto S. Radiosynthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of a new18F-labeled triethylene glycol derivative of triphenylphosphonium. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:117-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tominaga
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC); Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC); Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoichi Ishikawa
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC); Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC); Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Institute of Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research; Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience; Koriyama 963-8563 Japan
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging; Fukushima Medical University; Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC); Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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Radiosynthesis and evaluation of 18F-labeled aliphatic phosphonium cations as a myocardial imaging agent for positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Commun 2015; 36:747-54. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kim DY, Kim HS, Reder S, Zheng JH, Herz M, Higuchi T, Pyo AY, Bom HS, Schwaiger M, Min JJ. Comparison of 18F-Labeled Fluoroalkylphosphonium Cations with 13N-NH3 for PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1581-6. [PMID: 26069304 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.156794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite substantial advances in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, there is a need for 18F-labeled myocardial perfusion agents for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease because current PET tracers for myocardial perfusion imaging have a short half-life that limits their widespread clinical use in PET. Thus, 18F-labeled fluoroalkylphosphonium derivatives (18F-FATPs), including (5-18F-fluoropentyl)triphenylphosphonium cation (18F-FPTP), (6-18F-fluorohexyl)triphenylphosphonium cation (18F-FHTP), and (2-(2-18F-fluoroethoxy)ethyl)triphenylphosphonium cation (18F-FETP), were synthesized. The myocardial extraction and image quality of the 18F-FATPs were compared with those of 13N-NH3 in rat models. METHODS The first-pass extraction fraction (EF) values of the 18F-FATPs (18F-FPTP, 18F-FHTP, 18F-FETP) and 13N-NH3 were measured in isolated rat hearts perfused with the Langendorff method (flow velocities, 0.5, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mL/min). Normal and myocardial infarction rats were imaged with small-animal PET after intravenous injection of 37 MBq of 18F-FATPs and 13N-NH3. To determine pharmacokinetics, a region of interest was drawn around the heart, and time-activity curves of the 18F-FATPs and 13N-NH3 were generated to obtain the counts per pixel per second. Defect size was analyzed on the basis of polar map images of 18F-FATPs and 13N-NH3. RESULTS The EF values of 18F-FATPs and 13N-NH3 were comparable at low flow velocity (0.5 mL/min), whereas at higher flows EF values of 18F-FATPs were significantly higher than those of 13N-NH3 (4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mL/min, P<0.05). Myocardium-to-liver ratios of 18F-FPTP, 18F-FHTP, 18F-FETP, and 13N-NH3 were 2.10±0.30, 4.36±0.20, 3.88±1.03, and 0.70±0.09, respectively, 10 min after injection, whereas myocardium-to-lung ratios were 5.00±0.25, 4.33±0.20, 7.98±1.23, and 2.26±0.14, respectively. Although 18F-FATPs and 13N-NH3 sharply delineated myocardial perfusion defects, defect size on the 13N-NH3 images was significantly smaller than on the 18F-FATP images soon after tracer injection (0-10 min, P=0.027). CONCLUSION 18F-FATPs exhibit higher EF values and more rapid clearance from the liver and lung than 13N-NH3 in normal rats, which led to excellent image quality in a rat model of coronary occlusion. Therefore, 18F-FATPs are promising new PET radiopharmaceuticals for myocardial perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Hyeon Sik Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Sybille Reder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Michael Herz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Young Pyo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea; and
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Madar I, Naor E, Holt D, Ravert H, Dannals R, Wahl R. Brown Adipose Tissue Response Dynamics: In Vivo Insights with the Voltage Sensor 18F-Fluorobenzyl Triphenyl Phosphonium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129627. [PMID: 26053485 PMCID: PMC4459998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is an emerging target for prevention and treatment of obesity. Mitochondria are the heat generators of BAT. Yet, there is no noninvasive means to image the temporal dynamics of the mitochondrial activity in BAT in vivo. Here, we report a technology for quantitative monitoring of principal kinetic components of BAT adaptive thermogenesis in the living animal, using the PET imaging voltage sensor 18F-fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium (18F-FBnTP). 18F-FBnTP targets the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm)—the voltage analog of heat produced by mitochondria. Dynamic 18F-FBnTP PET imaging of rat’s BAT was acquired just before and during localized skin cooling or systemic pharmacologic stimulation, with and without administration of propranolol. At ambient temperature, 18F-FBnTP demonstrated rapid uptake and prolonged steady-state retention in BAT. Conversely, cold-induced mitochondrial uncoupling resulted in an immediate washout of 18F-FBnTP from BAT, which was blocked by propranolol. Specific variables of BAT evoked activity were identified and quantified, including response latency, magnitude and kinetics. Cold stimulation resulted in partial washout of 18F-FBnTP (39.1%±14.4% of basal activity). The bulk of 18F-FBnTP washout response occurred within the first minutes of the cold stimulation, while colonic temperature remained nearly intact. Drop of colonic temperature to shivering zone did not have an additive effect. The ß3-adrenergic agonist CL-316,243 elicited 18F-FBnTP washout from BAT of kinetics similar to those caused by cold stimulation. Thus, monitoring ΔΨm in vivo using 18F-FBnTP PET provides insights into the kinetic physiology of BAT. 18F-FBnTP PET depicts BAT as a highly sensitive and rapidly responsive organ, emitting heat in short burst during the first minutes of stimulation, and preceding change in core temperature. 18F-FBnTP PET provides a novel set of quantitative metrics highly important for identifying novel therapeutic targets at the mitochondrial level, for developing means to maximize BAT mass and activity, and assessing intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Madar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elinor Naor
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Daniel Holt
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Hayden Ravert
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Dannals
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard Wahl
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Chen DL, Engle JT, Griffin EA, Miller JP, Chu W, Zhou D, Mach RH. Imaging caspase-3 activation as a marker of apoptosis-targeted treatment response in cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17:384-93. [PMID: 25344147 PMCID: PMC4874215 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested whether positron emission tomography (PET) with the caspase-3-targeted isatin analog [(18)F]WC-4-116 could image caspase-3 activation in response to an apoptosis-inducing anticancer therapy. PROCEDURES [(18)F]WC-4-116 uptake was determined in etoposide-treated EL4 cells. Biodistribution studies with [(18)F]WC-4-116 and [(18)F]ICMT-18, a non-caspase-3-targeted tracer, as well as [(18)F]WC-4-116 microPET imaging assessed responses in Colo205 tumor-bearing mice treated with death receptor 5 (DR5)-targeted agonist antibodies. Immunohistochemical staining and enzyme assays confirmed caspase-3 activation. Two-way analysis of variance or Student's t test assessed for treatment-related changes in tracer uptake. RESULTS [(18)F]WC-4-116 increased 8 ± 2 fold in etoposide-treated cells. The [(18)F]WC-4-116 % ID/g also increased significantly in tumors with high caspase-3 enzyme activity (p < 0.05). [(18)F]ICMT-18 tumor uptake did not differ in tumors with high or low caspase-3 enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS [(18)F]WC-4-116 uptake in vivo reflects increased caspase-3 activation and may be useful for detecting caspase-3-mediated apoptosis treatment responses in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine L Chen
- Division of Radiological Sciences and Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8225, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
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Abstract
PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is increasingly being used for noninvasive detection and evaluation of coronary artery disease. However, the widespread use of PET MPI has been limited by the shortcomings of the current PET perfusion tracers. The availability of these tracers is limited by the need for an onsite ((15)O water and (13)N ammonia) or nearby ((13)N ammonia) cyclotron or commitment to costly generators ((82)Rb). Owing to the short half-lives, such as 76 seconds for (82)Rb, 2.06 minutes for (15)O water, and 9.96 minutes for (13)N ammonia, their use in conjunction with treadmill exercise stress testing is either not possible ((82)Rb and (15)O water) or not practical ((13)N ammonia). Furthermore, the long positron range of (82)Rb makes image resolution suboptimal and its low myocardial extraction limits its defect resolution. In recent years, development of an (18)F-labeled PET perfusion tracer has gathered considerable interest. The longer half-life of (18)F (109 minutes) would make the tracer available as a unit dose from regional cyclotrons and allow use in conjunction with treadmill exercise testing. Furthermore, the short positron range of (18)F would result in better image resolution. Flurpiridaz F 18 is by far the most thoroughly studied in animal models and is the only (18)F-based PET MPI radiotracer currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Preclinical and clinical experience with Flurpiridaz F 18 demonstrated a high myocardial extraction fraction, high image and defect resolution, high myocardial uptake, slow myocardial clearance, and high myocardial-to-background contrast that was stable over time-important properties of an ideal PET MPI radiotracer. Preclinical data from other (18)F-labeled myocardial perfusion tracers are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Maddahi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - René R S Packard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Wu S, Cao Q, Wang X, Cheng K, Cheng Z. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of mitochondria targeting theranostic agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:8919-22. [PMID: 24976119 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual mitochondria targeting fluorescent F16-TPP analogues were designed and synthesized. Uptake and cytotoxicity studies indicate that FF16 and FF16-TPP, two compounds discovered in this study, are promising mitochondria targeting theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, California, 94305-5344, USA.
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Sakai T, Saito Y, Takashima M, Ogawa M, Magata Y. Development of radioiodinated lipophilic cationic compounds for myocardial imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:482-487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zeng W, Wang X, Xu P, Liu G, Eden HS, Chen X. Molecular imaging of apoptosis: from micro to macro. Theranostics 2015; 5:559-82. [PMID: 25825597 PMCID: PMC4377726 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is involved in numerous human conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic damage, autoimmune disorders and many types of cancer, and is often confused with other types of cell death. Therefore strategies that enable visualized detection of apoptosis would be of enormous benefit in the clinic for diagnosis, patient management, and development of new therapies. In recent years, improved understanding of the apoptotic machinery and progress in imaging modalities have provided opportunities for researchers to formulate microscopic and macroscopic imaging strategies based on well-defined molecular markers and/or physiological features. Correspondingly, a large collection of apoptosis imaging probes and approaches have been documented in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we mainly discuss microscopic imaging assays and macroscopic imaging probes, ranging in complexity from simple attachments of reporter moieties to proteins that interact with apoptotic biomarkers, to rationally designed probes that target biochemical changes. Their clinical translation will also be our focus.
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Naghipour A, Badpa K, Notash B. From phosphonium salts to binuclear ortho-palladated phosphorus ylides. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kim DY, Min JJ. Synthesis and evaluation of ¹⁸F-labeled fluoroalkyl triphenylphosphonium salts as mitochondrial voltage sensors in PET myocardial imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1265:59-72. [PMID: 25634267 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2288-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that radiolabeled phosphonium cations accumulate in the mitochondria down a transmembrane potential gradient. We present an optimized procedure for synthesis of three 18F-labeled fluoroalkyl triphenylphosphonium salts ([18F]FATPs) via two-step simple nucleophilic substitution reactions to develop new myocardial imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET). The total reaction time of [18F]FATPs was within 60 min, and the overall decay-corrected radiochemical yield was approximately 15-30 % (decay corrected). Radiochemical purity was >98 % according to analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The specific activity of [18F]FATPs was >6.1 TBq/μmol. The micro-PET imaging studies in rats showed an initial spike of radioactivity, followed by myocardial retention and rapid clearance from background. The images from rats with an occluded left coronary artery demonstrated sharply defined myocardial defects in the corresponding area of the myocardium. This imaging technology may enable high throughput, multiple studies daily and wide distribution of PET myocardial studies in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
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Zheng Y, Ji S, Tomaselli E, Ernest C, Freiji T, Liu S. Effect of co-ligands on chemical and biological properties of (99m)Tc(III) complexes [(99m)Tc(L)(CDO)(CDOH)2BMe] (L=Cl, F, SCN and N3; CDOH2=cyclohexanedione dioxime). Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:813-24. [PMID: 25169135 PMCID: PMC4381195 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION (99m)Tc-Teboroxime ([(99m)TcCl(CDO)(CDOH)2BMe]) is a member of the BATO (boronic acid adducts of technetium dioximes) class of (99m)Tc(III) complexes. This study sought to explore the impact of co-ligands on solution stability, heart uptake and myocardial retention of [(99m)Tc(L)(CDO)(CDOH)2BMe] ((99m)Tc-Teboroxime: L=Cl; (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(F): L=F; (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(SCN): L=SCN; and (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(N3): L=N3). METHODS Radiotracers (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(L) (L=F, SCN and N3) were prepared by reacting (99m)Tc-Teboroxime with NaF, NaSCN and NaN3, respectively. Biodistribution and imaging studies were carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats. Image quantification was performed to compare their heart retention and liver clearance kinetics. RESULTS Complexes (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(L) (L=F, SCN and N3) were prepared in high yield with high radiochemical purity. All new radiotracers were stable for >6h in the kit matrix. In its HPLC chromatogram, (99m)Tc-Teboroxime showed one peak at ~15.5 min, which was shorter than that of (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(F) (~16.4 min). There were two peaks for (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(SCN) at 16.5 and 18.3 min. (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(N3) appeared as a single peak at 18.4 min. Their heart retention and liver clearance curves were best fitted to the bi-exponential decay function. The half-times of fast/slow components were 1.6±0.4/60.7±8.9 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroxime, 0.8±0.2/101.7±20.7 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(F), 1.2±0.3/84.8±16.6 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(SCN), and 2.9±0.9/51.6±5.0 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroxime(N3). The 2-min heart uptake followed the order of (99m)Tc-Teboroxime (3.00±0.37%ID/g)>(99m)Tc-Teboroxime(N3) (2.66±0.01 %ID/g)≈(99m)Tc-Sestamibi (2.55±0.46 %ID/g)>(99m)TcN-MPO (2.38±0.15 %ID/g). (99m)Tc-Teboroxime remains the best in first-pass extraction. The best image acquisition window is 0-5 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroximine and 0-15 min for (99m)Tc-Teboroximine(N3). CONCLUSION Co-ligands had significant impact on the heart uptake and myocardial retention of complexes [(99m)Tc(L)(CDO)(CDOH)2BMe] (L=Cl, F, SCN and N3). Future studies should be directed towards minimizing the liver uptake and radioactivity accumulation in the blood vessels while maintaining their high heart uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA; Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shundong Ji
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Carley Ernest
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tom Freiji
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA.
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42
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Chen CR, Lin YC. Syntheses of Arylphosphonium Salts from Cyclotrimerization of Terminal Aryl Alknyes by a Ruthenium Pentadienyl Complex and Revisiting the Catalytic Dimerization. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500745y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ren Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China
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43
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Sharma V, Sivapackiam J, Harpstrite SE, Prior JL, Gu H, Rath NP, Piwnica-Worms D. A generator-produced gallium-68 radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging of myocardial perfusion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109361. [PMID: 25353349 PMCID: PMC4212944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic cationic technetium-99m-complexes are widely used for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). However, inherent uncertainties in the supply chain of molybdenum-99, the parent isotope required for manufacturing 99Mo/99mTc generators, intensifies the need for discovery of novel MPI agents incorporating alternative radionuclides. Recently, germanium/gallium (Ge/Ga) generators capable of producing high quality 68Ga, an isotope with excellent emission characteristics for clinical PET imaging, have emerged. Herein, we report a novel 68Ga-complex identified through mechanism-based cell screening that holds promise as a generator-produced radiopharmaceutical for PET MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sharma
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VS); (DPW)
| | - Jothilingam Sivapackiam
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Harpstrite
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Julie L. Prior
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hannah Gu
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VS); (DPW)
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44
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Ravert HT, Holt DP, Dannals RF. A microwave radiosynthesis of the 4-[18F]-fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium ion. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:695-8. [PMID: 25329827 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The 4-[(18)F]-fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium cation was synthesized by a series of microwave reactions from no carrier added [(18)F]-fluoride. The microwave procedure reduced the quantity of reagents used and synthesis time when compared with the original synthesis. In addition, problematic solid phase extraction, sodium borohydride reduction by column and inconsistent yields with excessive precipitate formation during the bromination step were eliminated. The 4-[(18)F]-fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium cation was produced radiochemically pure in 8.3% yield with a specific radioactivity of 534.5 ± 371.4 GBq/µmole at end of synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden T Ravert
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson B1-152, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
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45
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Radiolabeled apoptosis imaging agents for early detection of response to therapy. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:732603. [PMID: 25383382 PMCID: PMC4212626 DOI: 10.1155/2014/732603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since apoptosis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and is associated with responses to therapy, molecular imaging of apoptotic cells could be useful for early detection of therapeutic effects, particularly in oncology. Radiolabeled annexin V compounds are the hallmark in apoptosis imaging in vivo. These compounds are reviewed from the genesis of apoptosis (cell death) imaging agents up to recent years. They have some disadvantages, including slow clearance and immunogenicity, because they are protein-based imaging agents. For this reason, several studies have been conducted in recent years to develop low molecule apoptosis imaging agents. In this review, radiolabeled phosphatidylserine targeted peptides, radiolabeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complex, radiolabeled 5-fluoropentyl-2-methyl-malonic acid (ML-10), caspase-3 activity imaging agents, radiolabeled duramycin, and radiolabeled phosphonium cation are reviewed as promising low-molecular-weight apoptosis imaging agents.
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46
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Kim DY, Kim HS, Jang HY, Kim JH, Bom HS, Min JJ. Comparison of the Cardiac MicroPET Images Obtained Using [(18)F]FPTP and [(13)N]NH3 in Rat Myocardial Infarction Models. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1124-8. [PMID: 25313324 DOI: 10.1021/ml500251z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The short half-life of current positron emission tomography (PET) cardiac tracers limits their widespread clinical use. We previously developed a (18)F-labeled phosphonium cation, [(18)F]FPTP, that demonstrated sharply defined myocardial defects in a corresponding infarcted myocardium. The aim of this study was to compare the image properties of PET scans obtained using [(18)F]FPTP with those obtained using [(13)N]NH3 in rat myocardial infarction models. Perfusion abnormality was analyzed in 17 segments of polar map images. The myocardium-to-liver and myocardium-to-lung ratios of [(18)F]FPTP were 10.48 and 2.65 times higher, respectively, than those of [(13)N]NH3 in images acquired 30 min after tracer injection. The myocardial defect size measured by [(18)F]FPTP correlated more closely with the hypoperfused area measured by quantitative 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (r = 0.89, P < 0.01) than did [(13)N]NH3 (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). [(18)F]FPTP might be useful as a replacement for the myocardial agent [(13)N]NH3 in cardiac PET/CT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyeon Sik Kim
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hwa Youn Jang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Department
of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
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47
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Haslop A, Wells L, Gee A, Plisson C, Long N. One-Pot Multi-Tracer Synthesis of Novel 18F-Labeled PET Imaging Agents. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3818-22. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500324n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haslop
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Lisa Wells
- Imanova,
Ltd., Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Antony Gee
- Division
of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas’ Hospital, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | | | - Nicholas Long
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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48
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Zhao Z, Yu Q, Mou T, Liu C, Yang W, Fang W, Peng C, Lu J, Liu Y, Zhang X. Highly Efficient One-Pot Labeling of New Phosphonium Cations with Fluorine-18 as Potential PET Agents for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3823-31. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoquan Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tiantian Mou
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing 100875, China
- Center
for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public
Health, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenjiang Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute
of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- PET Center
of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute
of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center
for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public
Health, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
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49
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Onoe S, Temma T, Shimizu Y, Ono M, Saji H. Investigation of cyanine dyes for in vivo optical imaging of altered mitochondrial membrane potential in tumors. Cancer Med 2014; 3:775-86. [PMID: 24737784 PMCID: PMC4303146 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm ) alteration is an important target for cancer diagnosis. In this study, we designed a series of near-infrared fluorescent cationic cyanine dyes with varying alkyl chain lengths (IC7-1 derivatives) to provide diverse lipophilicities and serum albumin-binding rates, and we evaluated the usefulness of these derivatives for in vivo Δψm imaging. IC7-1 derivatives with side chains from methyl to hexyl (IC7-1-Me to IC7-1-He) were synthesized, and their optical properties were measured. Cellular uptake and intracellular distribution were investigated with depolarized HeLa cells from carbonyl cyanine m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) treatment using a spectrofluorometer and a fluorescence microscope. Serum albumin-binding rates were evaluated using albumin-binding inhibitors. In vivo optical imaging was performed with HeLa cell xenograft mice following intravenous administration of IC7-1 derivatives with or without warfarin and CCCP as in vivo blocking agents. IC7-1 derivatives showing maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 823 nm and ~845 nm, respectively, were synthesized. IC7-1-Me to -Bu showed fluorescence in mitochondria that decreased with CCCP treatment in a concentration-dependent manner, which showed that IC7-1-Me to -Bu successfully indicated Δψm . Tumors were clearly visualized after IC7-1-Bu administration. Treatment with warfarin or CCCP significantly decreased IC7-1-Bu fluorescence in the tumor region. In summary, IC7-1-Bu exhibited fluorescence localized to mitochondria dependent on Δψm , which enabled clear in vivo tumor imaging via serum albumin as a drug carrier for effective tumor targeting. Our data suggest that IC7-1-Bu is a promising NIR probe for in vivo imaging of the altered Δψm of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Onoe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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50
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Bauwens M, Wierts R, van Royen B, Bucerius J, Backes W, Mottaghy F, Brans B. Molecular imaging of brown adipose tissue in health and disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41:776-91. [PMID: 24509875 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has transformed from an interfering tissue in oncological (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to an independent imaging research field. This review takes the perspective from the imaging methodology on which human BAT research has come to rely on heavily. METHODS This review analyses relevant PubMed-indexed publications that discuss molecular imaging methods of BAT. In addition, reported links between BAT and human diseases such as obesity are discussed, and the possibilities for imaging in these fields are highlighted. Radiopharmaceuticals aiming at several different biological mechanisms of BAT are discussed and evaluated. RESULTS Prospective, dedicated studies allow visualization of BAT function in a high percentage of human subjects. BAT dysfunction has been implicated in obesity, linked with diabetes and associated with cachexia and atherosclerosis. Presently, (18)F-FDG PET/CT is the most useful tool for evaluating therapies aiming at BAT activity. In addition to (18)F-FDG, other radiopharmaceuticals such as (99m)Tc-sestamibi, (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), (18)F-fluorodopa and (18)F-14(R,S)-[(18)F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA) may have a potential for visualizing other aspects of BAT activity. MRI methods are under continuous development and provide the prospect of functional imaging without ionizing radiation. CONCLUSION Molecular imaging of BAT can be used to quantitatively assess different aspects of BAT metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Netherlands
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