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O'Donoghue J, Zanzonico P, Humm J, Kesner A. Dosimetry in Radiopharmaceutical Therapy. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1467-1474. [PMID: 36192334 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of radiopharmaceutical therapy for the treatment of certain diseases is well established, and the field is expanding. New therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals have been developed in recent years, and more are in the research pipeline. Concurrently, there is growing interest in the use of internal dosimetry as a means of personalizing, and potentially optimizing, such therapy for patients. Internal dosimetry is multifaceted, and the current state of the art is discussed in this continuing education article. Topics include the context of dosimetry, internal dosimetry methods, the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating dosimetry calculations in radiopharmaceutical therapy, a description of the workflow for implementing patient-specific dosimetry, and future prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe O'Donoghue
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pat Zanzonico
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John Humm
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adam Kesner
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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2
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Capala J, Graves SA, Scott A, Sgouros G, James SS, Zanzonico P, Zimmerman BE. Dosimetry for Radiopharmaceutical Therapy: Current Practices and Commercial Resources. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:3S-11S. [PMID: 34857621 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ongoing dramatic growth of radiopharmaceutical therapy, research and development in internal radiation dosimetry continue to advance both at academic medical centers and in industry. The basic paradigm for patient-specific dosimetry includes administration of a pretreatment tracer activity of the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical; measurement of its time-dependent biodistribution; definition of the pertinent anatomy; integration of the measured time-activity data to derive source-region time-integrated activities; calculation of the tumor, organ-at-risk, and/or whole-body absorbed doses; and prescription of the therapeutic administered activity. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art of patient-specific dosimetry for radiopharmaceutical therapy, including current methods and commercially available software and other resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Scott
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Pat Zanzonico
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Brian E Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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3
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Reissig F, Zarschler K, Hübner R, Pietzsch H, Kopka K, Mamat C. Sub-10 nm Radiolabeled Barium Sulfate Nanoparticles as Carriers for Theranostic Applications and Targeted Alpha Therapy. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:797-805. [PMID: 32775141 PMCID: PMC7397357 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of cancer patients with α-particle-emitting therapeutics continues to gain in importance and relevance. The range of radiopharmaceutically relevant α-emitters is limited to a few radionuclides, as stable chelators or carrier systems for safe transport of the radioactive cargo are often lacking. Encapsulation of α-emitters into solid inorganic systems can help to diversify the portfolio of candidate radionuclides, provided, that these nanomaterials effectively retain both the parent and the recoil daughters. We therefore focus on designing stable and defined nanocarrier-based systems for various clinically relevant radionuclides, including the promising α-emitting radionuclide 224Ra. Hence, sub-10 nm barium sulfate nanocontainers were prepared and different radiometals like 89Zr, 111In, 131Ba, 177Lu or 224Ra were incorporated. Our system shows stabilities of >90 % regarding the radiometal release from the BaSO4 matrix. Furthermore, we confirm the presence of surface-exposed amine functionalities as well as the formation of a biomolecular corona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
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4
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Chen CC, Chang DY, Li JJ, Chan HW, Chen JT, Chang CH, Liu RS, Chang CA, Chen CL, Wang HE. Investigation of biodistribution and tissue penetration of PEGylated gold nanostars and their application for photothermal cancer treatment in tumor-bearing mice. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:65-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PEGylated gold nanostars (pAuNSs) and their radioactive surrogate (111In–DTPA–pAuNS), with unique physiochemical properties, are thought to be a promising agent for image-guided photothermal therapy (PTT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Cheng Chen
- National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Deng-Yuan Chang
- National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Jia-Je Li
- National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chan
- National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | | | | | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University
| | - C. Allen Chang
- National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University
| | - Chuan-Lin Chen
- National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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5
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Feng Y, DeGraffenreid AJ, Phipps MD, Rold TL, Okoye NC, Gallazzi FA, Barnes CL, Cutler CS, Ketring AR, Hoffman TJ, Jurisson SS. A trithiol bifunctional chelate for 72,77As: A matched pair theranostic complex with high in vivo stability. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 61:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Park JA, Lee JW, Kim HK, Shin UC, Lee KC, Kim TJ, Chang Y, Kim KM, Kim JY, Lee YJ. Radiometallic Complexes of DO3A-Benzothiazole Aniline for Nuclear Medicine Theranostics. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1133-1141. [PMID: 29381860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To develop a radioactive metal complex platform for tumor theranostics, we introduced three radiopharmaceutical derivatives of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-trisacetic acid-benzothiazole aniline (DO3A-BTA, L1) labeled with medical radioisotopes for diagnosis (68Ga/64Cu) and therapy (177Lu). The tumor-targeting ability of these complexes was demonstrated in a cellular uptake experiment, in which 177Lu-L1 exhibited markedly higher uptake in HeLa cells than the 177Lu-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid complex. According to in vivo positron emission tomography imaging, high accumulation of 68Ga-L1 and 64Cu-L1 was clearly visualized in the tumor site, while 177Lu-L1 showed therapeutic efficacy in therapy experiments. Consequently, this molecular platform represents a useful approach in nuclear medicine toward tumor-theranostic radiopharmaceuticals when 68Ga-L1 or 64Cu-L1 is used for diagnosis, 177Lu-L1 is used for therapy, or two of the compounds are used in conjunction with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Park
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | - Ji Woong Lee
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | | | - Un Chol Shin
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | | | | | - Kyeong Min Kim
- Division of Medical Radiation Equipment , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of RI-Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
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7
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Severin GW, Kristensen LK, Nielsen CH, Fonslet J, Jensen AI, Frellsen AF, Jensen KM, Elema DR, Maecke H, Kjær A, Johnston K, Köster U. Neodymium-140 DOTA-LM3: Evaluation of an In Vivo Generator for PET with a Non-Internalizing Vector. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:98. [PMID: 28748183 PMCID: PMC5506079 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
140Nd (t1/2 = 3.4 days), owing to its short-lived positron emitting daughter 140Pr (t1/2 = 3.4 min), has promise as an in vivo generator for positron emission tomography (PET). However, the electron capture decay of 140Nd is chemically disruptive to macrocycle-based radiolabeling, meaning that an in vivo redistribution of the daughter 140Pr is expected before positron emission. The purpose of this study was to determine how the delayed positron from the de-labeled 140Pr affects preclinical imaging with 140Nd. To explore the effect, 140Nd was produced at CERN-ISOLDE, reacted with the somatostatin analogue, DOTA-LM3 (1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecane, 1,4,7- tri acetic acid, 10- acetamide N - p-Cl-Phecyclo(d-Cys-Tyr-d-4-amino-Phe(carbamoyl)-Lys-Thr-Cys)d-Tyr-NH2) and injected into H727 xenograft bearing mice. Comparative pre- and post-mortem PET imaging at 16 h postinjection was used to quantify the in vivo redistribution of 140Pr following 140Nd decay. The somatostatin receptor-positive pancreas exhibited the highest tissue accumulation of 140Nd-DOTA-LM3 (13% ID/g at 16 h) coupled with the largest observed redistribution rate, where 56 ± 7% (n = 4, mean ± SD) of the in situ produced 140Pr washed out of the pancreas before decay. Contrastingly, the liver, spleen, and lungs acted as strong sink organs for free 140Pr3+. Based upon these results, we conclude that 140Nd imaging with a non-internalizing vector convolutes the biodistribution of the tracer with the accumulation pattern of free 140Pr. This redistribution phenomenon may show promise as a probe of the cellular interaction with the vector, such as in determining tissue dependent internalization behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Severin
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lotte K Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten H Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Fonslet
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Andreas I Jensen
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders F Frellsen
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - K M Jensen
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Dennis R Elema
- Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Helmut Maecke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ulli Köster
- ISOLDE, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
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DeGraffenreid AJ, Feng Y, Wycoff DE, Morrow R, Phipps MD, Cutler CS, Ketring AR, Barnes CL, Jurisson SS. Dithiol Aryl Arsenic Compounds as Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8091-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. DeGraffenreid
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research Reactor
Center (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yutian Feng
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research Reactor
Center (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Donald E. Wycoff
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research Reactor
Center (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ryan Morrow
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research Reactor
Center (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Michael D. Phipps
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research Reactor
Center (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Cathy S. Cutler
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research Reactor
Center (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Alan R. Ketring
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research Reactor
Center (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Charles L. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research Reactor
Center (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Silvia S. Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Research Reactor
Center (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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Conti M, Eriksson L. Physics of pure and non-pure positron emitters for PET: a review and a discussion. EJNMMI Phys 2016; 3:8. [PMID: 27271304 PMCID: PMC4894854 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-016-0144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increased interest in new PET tracers, gene-targeted therapy, immunoPET, and theranostics, other radioisotopes will be increasingly used in clinical PET scanners, in addition to 18F. Some of the most interesting radioisotopes with prospective use in the new fields are not pure short-range β+ emitters but can be associated with gamma emissions in coincidence with the annihilation radiation (prompt gamma), gamma-gamma cascades, intense Bremsstrahlung radiation, high-energy positrons that may escape out of the patient skin, and high-energy gamma rays that result in some e+/e− pair production. The high level of sophistication in data correction and excellent quantitative accuracy that has been reached for 18F in recent years can be questioned by these effects. In this work, we review the physics and the scientific literature and evaluate the effect of these additional phenomena on the PET data for each of a series of radioisotopes: 11C, 13N, 15O, 18F, 64Cu, 68Ga, 76Br, 82Rb, 86Y, 89Zr, 90Y, and 124I. In particular, we discuss the present complications arising from the prompt gammas, and we review the scientific literature on prompt gamma correction. For some of the radioisotopes considered in this work, prompt gamma correction is definitely needed to assure acceptable image quality, and several approaches have been proposed in recent years. Bremsstrahlung photons and 176Lu background were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Conti
- Siemens Healthcare Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Lars Eriksson
- Siemens Healthcare Molecular Imaging, Knoxville, TN, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Scintillation Material Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Abstract
Radioiodine has the distinction of being the first theranostic agent in our armamentarium. Millennia were required to discover that the agent in orally administered seaweed and its extracts, which had been shown to cure neck swelling due to thyromegaly, was iodine, first demonstrated to be a new element in 1813. Treatment of goiter with iodine began at once, but its prophylactic value to prevent a common form of goiter took another century. After Enrico Fermi produced the first radioiodine, (128)I, in 1934, active experimentation in the United States and France delineated the crucial role of iodine in thyroid metabolism and disease. (130)I and (131)I were first employed to treat thyrotoxicosis by 1941, and thyroid cancer in 1943. After World War II, (131)I became widely available at a reasonable price for diagnostic testing and therapy. The rectilinear scanner of Cassen and Curtis (Science 1949;110:94-95), and a dedicated gamma camera invented by Anger (Nature 1952;170:200-201), finally permitted the diagnostic imaging of thyroid disease, with (131)I again the radioisotope of choice, although there were short-lived attempts to employ (125)I and (132)I for this purpose. (123)I was first produced in 1949 but did not become widely available until about 1982, 10 years after a production technique eliminated high-energy (124)I contamination. I continues to be the radioiodine of choice for the diagnosis of benign thyroid disease, whereas (123)I and (131)I are employed in the staging and detection of functioning thyroid cancer. (124)I, a positron emitter, can produce excellent anatomically correlated images employing positron emission tomography/computed tomography equipment and has the potential to enhance heretofore imperfect dosimetric studies in determining the appropriate administered activity to ablate/treat thyroid cancer. Issues of acceptable measuring error in thyroid cancer dosimetry and the role in (131)I therapy of tumor heterogeneity, tumor hypoxia, and kinetics must be overcome, and long-term outcome studies following (131)I given based on this new dosimetry must be completed before the nuclear medicine community will be able to predictably cure our thyroid cancer patients with this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Silberstein
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
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Carrió I. Nuclear medicine, scientific publishing and the era of cost containment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 38:2111-3. [PMID: 22052431 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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