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Xiao L, Xin J. Advances in Clinical Oncology Research on 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT Imaging. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898764. [PMID: 35712468 PMCID: PMC9195171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin alpha(α)v beta(β)3 receptor is ubiquitous in malignant tumors and has a certain level of specificity for tumors. Technetium-99m hydrazinonicotinamide-dimeric cyclic arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid peptide with three polyethylene glycol spacers (99mTc-3PRGD2) can bind specifically to the integrin αvβ3 receptor with high selectivity and strong affinity. Thus, it can specifically mark tumors and regions with angiogenesis for tumor detection and be used in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. This modality has good application value for diagnosing and treating tumor lesions, such as those in the lung, breast, esophagus, head, and neck. This review provides an overview of the current clinical research progress of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT imaging for tumor lesions, including for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumors in different body parts, evaluation of related metastases, and evaluation of efficacy. In addition, the future clinical application prospects and possibilities of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT imaging are further discussed.
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Jin X, Dong C, Zheng K, Shi X, Liu Y, Huo L, Wang F, Li F. Scintigraphic Imaging of Neovascularization With 99mTc-3PRGD 2 for Evaluating Early Response to Endostar Involved Therapies on Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts In Vivo. Front Oncol 2021; 11:792431. [PMID: 35769548 PMCID: PMC9236135 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.792431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular imaging targeting angiogenesis can specifically monitor the early therapeutic effect of antiangiogenesis therapy. We explore the predictive values of an integrin αvβ3-targeted tracer, 99mTc-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (99mTc-3PRGD2), for monitoring the efficacy of Endostar antiangiogenic therapy and chemotherapy in animal models. Methods The pancreatic cancer xenograft mice were randomly divided into four groups, with seven animals in each group and treated in different groups with 10 mg/kg/day of Endostar, 10 mg/kg/day of gemcitabine, 10 mg/kg/day of Endostar +10 mg/kg/day of gemcitabine at the same time, and the control group with 0.9% saline (0.1 ml/day). 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphic imaging was carried out to monitor therapeutic effects. Microvessel density (MVD) was measured using immunohistochemical staining of the tumor tissues. The region of interest (ROI) of tumor (T) and contralateral corresponding site (NT) was delineated, and the ratio of radioactivity (T/NT) was calculated. Two-way repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between treatment groups. Results Tumor growth was significantly lower in treatment groups than that in the control group (p < 0.05), and the differences were noted on day 28 posttreatment. The differences of 99mTc-3PRGD2 uptakes were observed between the control group and Endostar group (p = 0.033) and the combined treatment group (p < 0.01) on day 7 posttreatment and on day 14 posttreatment between the control group and gemcitabine group (p < 0.01). The accumulation of 99mTc-3PRGD2 was significantly correlated with MVD (r = 0.998, p = 0.002). Conclusion With 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphic imaging, the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy, chemotherapy, and the combined treatment can be observed at an early stage of the treatments, much earlier than the tumor volume change. It provides new opportunities for developing individualized therapies and dose optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical
College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in
Nuclear Medicine, Beijing,
China
| | | | - Kun Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical
College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in
Nuclear Medicine, Beijing,
China
| | - Ximin Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical
College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in
Nuclear Medicine, Beijing,
China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical
College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in
Nuclear Medicine, Beijing,
China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical
College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in
Nuclear Medicine, Beijing,
China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University,
Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical
College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in
Nuclear Medicine, Beijing,
China
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Li J, Liu H, Li N, Wang J, Song L. TDCPP mimics thyroid hormones associated with the activation of integrin α vβ 3 and ERK1/2. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:127066. [PMID: 32434091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tri(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) potentially damages the thyroid system in humans and animals. However, knowledge of its toxic effects and underlying mechanisms is limited. The present study was conducted to determine the thyroid hormone-disrupting effects of TDCPP and its major metabolite, bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) in rat pituitary cell lines (GH3). TDCPP and BDCPP, that mimic the thyroid hormone (TH), promoted GH3 cell proliferation and modulated the progression of the cell cycle at 20 and 200 μmol/L, respectively. Similar to T3, TDCPP and BDCPP also significantly upregulated c-fos and downregulated Tshβ gene expression. Although the binding affinity of these chemicals for thyroid receptor β (TRβ) was not measured, significant competition between these chemicals to bind to the membrane thyroid hormone receptor (integrin αvβ3) was found, suggesting that TDCPP and BDCPP were strongly bound to integrin αvβ3. Results from a molecular docking analysis provided further evidence of strong binding affinities of TDCPP and BDCPP for integrin αvβ3, and the ligand binding site of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) was identified. Real-time PCR also supported the supposition that, after binding to integrin αvβ3, TDCPP and BDCPP may induce the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signal transduction pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that TDCPP and BDCPP have the ability to mimic THs and that the underlying mechanism might be associated with their interactions with integrin αvβ3 and the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, providing new insight into the mechanism of TDCPP- and BDCPP-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hedan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Liuting Song
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Shao T, Josephson L, Liang SH. PET/SPECT Molecular Probes for the Diagnosis and Staging of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mol Imaging 2020; 18:1536012119871455. [PMID: 31478458 PMCID: PMC6724487 DOI: 10.1177/1536012119871455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant public health challenge afflicting approximately 1 billion individuals both in the Western world and in the East world. While liver biopsy is considered as gold standard in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis, noninvasive imaging technologies, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) could offer more sensitive, comprehensive, and quantitative measurement for NAFLD. In this review, we focus on recent development and applications of PET/SPECT molecular probes that enable multispatial/temporal visualization and quantification of physiopathological progress at the molecular level in the NAFLD. We shall also discuss the limitations of current radioligands and future direction for PET/SPECT probe development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Shao
- 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Li J, Liu H, Zuo R, Yang J, Li N. Competitive binding assays for measuring the binding affinity of thyroid-disrupting chemicals for integrin α vβ 3. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126034. [PMID: 32062553 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Some thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDCs) affect thyroid function by activating the pathways mediated by a typical thyroid hormone (TH) membrane receptor, integrin αvβ3. The present study introduces improved competitive binding assays for the rapid and sensitive evaluation of the binding affinities of TDCs for integrin αvβ3. Based on different probes, two assays were modified: a fluorescence competitive binding assay and a radioligand competitive binding assay. The chemicals tested included the known TH, 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine (T4); a deaminated analog of T4, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac); and phthalate esters (PAEs). The relative binding potency of T4 was studied, and the concentration required to displace 50% of the ligands from their receptors (RIC50) of T4 was 4.9 × 105 and 9.7 × 104 nM for the fluorescence and radioligand competitive binding assays, respectively, suggesting that the radioligand competitive binding assay might be more sensitive for the evaluation of the binding affinity for integrin αvβ3. The three PAEs, including diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DnBP), demonstrated binding affinities for integrin αvβ3 in the following order of potency: DnBP > DEHP > BBP tested by the radioligand competitive binding assay. A docking simulation of each of the three PAEs with integrin αvβ3 confirmed the calculated binding energies, which had a strong positive relationship with the log RIC20 values of the 3 PAEs (R = 0.99, p < 0.001). The present study shows that the established radioligand competitive binding assay could be used as a valuable tool for quantifying the affinity of TDCs for integrin αvβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hedan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Fan D, Wang K, Gao H, Luo Q, Wang X, Li X, Tong W, Zhang X, Luo C, Yang G, Ai L, Shi J. A 64 Cu-porphyrin-based dual-modal molecular probe with integrin α v β 3 targeting function for tumour imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:212-221. [PMID: 32083750 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pyropheophorbide-a (Pyro) is a promising multifunctional molecule for multimodal tumour imaging and photodynamic therapy, but its clinical applications are seriously restricted by the limited tumour accumulation capability. Here, we designed and synthesized a small-molecule probe that achieved specific dual-modal tumour imaging based on Pyro. Briefly, a novel molecule combining Pyro, an RGD dimer peptide (3PRGD2 ) and 64 Cu, was designed and synthesized, and the obtained molecule, 64 Cu-Pyro-3PRGD2 , exhibited high tumour specificity in both positron emission tomography and optical imaging in vivo. c (RGDfk) peptide blocking significantly reduced the efficacy of the probe, which confirmed the integrin αV β3 targeting of this molecular probe. 64 Cu-Pyro-3PRGD2 had very low accumulation in normal organs and could be rapidly cleared through kidney metabolism, which prevented the potential damage to adjacent normal tissues. Overall, combining tumour targeting, dual-modal imaging, and biosafety, 64 Cu-Pyro-3PRGD2 has the potential for clinical use as a molecular imaging probe for tumour diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hannan Gao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuangwei Luo
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjie Yang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Sun W, He G, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Yu H, Li Y, Wu W, Ji T. 99mTc-3PRGD 2 SPECT Predicts the Outcome of Endostar and Cisplatin Therapy in Xenograft Animals. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819882544. [PMID: 31673250 PMCID: PMC6804356 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819882544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Our study was designed to investigate the usefulness of 99mTc-3PRGD2 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for noninvasively monitoring the response of integrin αvβ3 expression to antiangiogenic treatment with endostar and cisplatin in xenograft animals. Methods: 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT imaging was performed at days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Tumors were harvested at all imaging time points for Western blotting and histopathological analysis. Result: In 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT imaging, the radioactivity accumulation of NaCl group rised gradually in the first half and dispersed on day 21 due to the necrosis of the tumor. While the radioactivity accumulation of treated groups gradually decreased throughout the course. The downtrend of tumor to nontumor ratio in endostar-treated group was more remarkable than cisplatin-treated group. The expression of intergrin αvβ3 of treated groups was lower than NaCl group from day 14. The expression of intergrin αvβ3 of endostar-treated group was significantly lower than cisplatin-treated group from baseline onward. Conclusion: It’s demonstrated that the 99mTc-3PRGD2 could noninvasively visualize and semiquantify tumor angiogenesis in the xenograft model and monitor the response to the antiangiogenic therapy of endostar and cisplatin effectively. It also can predict the outcome of endostar and cisplatin therapy in xenograft animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Institute of Pediatrics, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guifu He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jilin Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jilin Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jilin Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tiefeng Ji
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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8
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68Ga-labeled dimeric and trimeric cyclic RGD peptides as potential PET radiotracers for imaging gliomas. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 148:168-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chen Z, Fu F, Li F, Zhu Z, Yang Y, Chen X, Jia B, Zheng S, Huang C, Miao W. Comparison of [ 99mTc]3PRGD 2 Imaging and [ 18F]FDG PET/CT in Breast Cancer and Expression of Integrin α vβ 3 in Breast Cancer Vascular Endothelial Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:846-856. [PMID: 29497956 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the value of 99mtechnetium-three polyethylene glycol spacers-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid ([99mTc]3PRGD2) imaging in diagnosis and staging of breast cancer compared with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) imaging, and to explore the expression of integrin αvβ3 in tumor vascular endothelial cells. PROCEDURES Forty-two women with suspected breast cancer underwent both [99mTc]3PRGD2 imaging and [18F]FDG imaging. Visual analysis was used to assess primary breast lesion, axillary lymph node, and distant metastasis. The tumor-blood (T/B) ratios from [99mTc]3PRGD2 imaging and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) from [18F]FDG imaging were analyzed for breast lesions. Integrin αvβ3 was analyzed through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Forty-five breast lesions were found (malignant, n = 38; benign, n = 7). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of [99mTc]3PRGD2 and [18F]FDG imaging in visual analysis for the breast lesion were 97.4, 87.5, and 95.6 % and 97.4, 71.4, and 93.3 %, respectively (P > 0.05). For semi-quantitative analysis, no significant difference of the area under the curves (AUC) was found in the imaging using the two radiopharmaceuticals (0.880 and 0.955; Z = 0.88, P > 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for axillary lymph node metastasis with [99mTc]3PRGD2 and [18F]FDG were 78.05, 99.36, and 94.92 % and 85.37, 98.72, and 95.64 %, respectively (P > 0.05). Nine patients with distant metastases were all detected with the two radiopharmaceuticals. The expression of integrin αvβ3 was correlated with [99mTc]3PRGD2 uptake (r = 0.582, P = 0.001), which were significantly higher in the HER2-positive and stage III-IV patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prospective study demonstrated that [99mTc]3PRGD2 imaging seems to be valuable for diagnosis of breast cancer and its staging. It may be less sensitive for detecting small lymph node metastatic lesions when compared with [18F]FDG imaging. Integrin αvβ3 in tumor microvessels was associated with the breast cancer subtype and its staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangmeng Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing St., Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing St., Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjin Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibing Miao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China.
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Yan B, Fu T, Liu Y, Wei W, Dai H, Fang W, Wang F. 99mTc-3PRGD2 single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography for the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma: A preliminary STROBE-compliant observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12441. [PMID: 30290601 PMCID: PMC6200507 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent successes in monitoring and diagnosing a variety of tumors using Tc-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (Tc-3PRGD2) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging encouraged us to expand the use of this tracer. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of Tc-3PRGD2 imaging for detecting choroidal melanoma (CM) and for monitoring tumor response to plaque brachytherapy (PB). Ten consecutive patients with CM who underwent Tc-3PRGD2 imaging before and 3 months after PB were reviewed. The tumor-to-occipital bone (T/O) and mirrored contralateral normal tissue-to-occipital bone (N/O) ratios were calculated by region of interest analysis at baseline and 3 months post-PB. T/O values were compared between patients with CM with comorbid secondary retinal detachment (RD) and those without RD. The relationship between T/O value and tumor volume was also investigated. Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT showed focal uptake in CM. The mean T/O ratio before PB was 1.90 ± 1.26 and the mean N/O ratio was 0.80 ± 0.21 (P = .02). The Tc-3PRGD2 concentrations in 5 patients with CM with RD were higher (T/O = 2.69 ± 1.39) than in those without secondary RD (T/O = 1.10 ± 0.18) (P = .008). T/O ratios at 3 months post-PB were significantly lower than that at baseline (1.23 ± 0.59, P = .03). There was a linear relationship between T/O and tumor volume (y-hat = 0.028 + 0.003x, R = 0.768, P = .001). The 95% confidence interval for the (T/O)/volume ratio was 0.002 to 0.005. Tc-3PRGD2 imaging is a feasible modality for the diagnosis of CM. Furthermore, follow-up for at least 20 months after PB indicated that coanalysis of Tc-3PRGD2 imaging and tumor volume may provide a promising prognostic predictor in patients with CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Yueming Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Haojie Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Cardiovascular Institute & Fu Wai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
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Advantages of 99mTc-3PRGD 2 SPECT over CT in the preoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 33:39-46. [PMID: 30218281 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study was designed to compare the diagnostic efficacies of integrated 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (99mTc-3PRGD2) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images and computed tomography (CT) images in lymph node metastasis in the patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS From September 2015 and May 2018, 32 patients with histologically proven primary esophageal carcinoma underwent both 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT and CT scans followed by esophagectomy with lymph node dissection. The results of reviewing 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT and CT images for the lymph node metastasis were compared in relation with pathologic findings. RESULTS During surgery, a total of 168 lymph nodes were dissected in 32 patients, of which 42 node groups in 18 patients were malignant on histologic examination. Preoperative nodal staging was compared with postoperative histopathological staging, The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT for lymph nodes were 80.95%, 86.51%, 85.12%, 66.67%, and 93.16% on per-node basis, respectively; compared with 59.52%, 73.02%, 69.64%, 42.37%, and 84.40% for CT (p = 0.034, 0.008, 0.005, 0.011, and 0.038, respectively). 70.59% (12/17) false-negative interpretations and 50% (17/34) false-positive interpretations on CT were corrected by 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT. 37.5% false-negative interpretations on 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT were corrected by CT. 11.90% (5/42) positive lymph nodes and 13.49% (17/126) negative nodes at pathology were incorrectly diagnosed both by 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT and CT. The accuracy of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT (87.50%, 28/32) was significantly higher than that of CT (62.50, 20/32; p = 0.022) on per-patient basis. 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT showed significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy in the neck and upper thoracic regions than CT. For nodal staging, 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT was correct in 78.12% (25/32) of the patients, whereas CT was correct in 53.12% (17/32), p = 0.037. CONCLUSION 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT is more accurate than CT for preoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer and may be helpful in determining the therapeutic plan.
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Niu L, Li J, Gu R, Wu Z, Zhu X, Gan H, Ma B, Jia B, Wang F, Meng Z, Wang X, Dou G. An optimized LC-MS/MS method for determination of HYNIC-3PRGD 2, a new promising imaging agent for tumor targeting, in rat plasma and its application. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:142-148. [PMID: 30077094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
HYNIC-3PRGD2 is used to prepare a new 99mTc-radiolabeled tracer. HYNIC-3PRGD2, which has a high binding affinity for the integrin αvβ3 due to its special structure, has become a promising tumor imaging agent for diagnosis and monitor of the clinical response to therapeutic effects of anti-tumor agents. Here, we developed and validated a method for determination of HYNIC-3PRGD2 concentration in rat plasma using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. Following sample extraction by methanol precipitation, satisfactory separation through chromatography was achieved on an hydrophilic reverse-phase C18 column AQ (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 2.7 μm) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min-1 with an gradient elution using mobile phase consisting of ultrapure water and acetonitrile fortified with 0.1% formic acid respectively. The calibration curve was developed over a linear range of 3.125-100 ng·mL-1 with the lower limit of quantification of 3.125 ng·mL-1. The HYNIC-3PRGD2 and its internal standard c(RGDfK)(RK5) were detected and quantified with the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. This method was successfully validated and applied for pharmacokinetic evaluation of HYNIC-3PRGD2 during pre-clinical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA.
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Hedhli J, Czerwinski A, Schuelke M, Płoska A, Sowinski P, Hood LL, Mamer SB, Cole JA, Czaplewska P, Banach M, Dobrucki IT, Kalinowski L, Imoukhuede P, Dobrucki LW. Synthesis, Chemical Characterization and Multiscale Biological Evaluation of a Dimeric-cRGD Peptide for Targeted Imaging of α V β 3 Integrin Activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3185. [PMID: 28600529 PMCID: PMC5466598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence have been shown to specifically bind the angiogenesis biomarker αVβ3 integrin. We report the synthesis, chemical characterization, and biological evaluation of two novel dimeric cyclic RGD-based molecular probes for the targeted imaging of αVβ3 activity (a radiolabeled version, 64Cu-NOTA-PEG4-cRGD2, for PET imaging, and a fluorescent version, FITC-PEG4-cRGD2, for in vitro work). We investigated the performance of this probe at the receptor, cell, organ, and whole-body levels, including its use to detect diabetes associated impairment of ischemia-induced myocardial angiogenesis. Both versions of the probe were found to be stable, demonstrated fast receptor association constants, and showed high specificity for αVβ3 in HUVECs (Kd ~ 35 nM). Dynamic PET-CT imaging indicated rapid blood clearance via kidney filtration, and accumulation within αVβ3-positive infarcted myocardium. 64Cu-NOTA-PEG4-cRGD2 demonstrated a favorable biodistribution, slow washout, and excellent performance with respect to the quality of the PET-CT images obtained. Importantly, the ratio of probe uptake in infarcted heart tissue compared to normal tissue was significantly higher in non-diabetic rats than in diabetic ones. Overall, our probes are promising agents for non-invasive quantitative imaging of αVβ3 expression, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Hedhli
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Matthew Schuelke
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Agata Płoska
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Sowinski
- NMR Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukas La Hood
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Spencer B Mamer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John A Cole
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Paulina Czaplewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona T Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Princess Imoukhuede
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Zhang X, Guo Q, Shi Y, Xu W, Yu S, Yang Z, Cao L, Liu C, Zhao Z, Xin J. 99m Tc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy to stage liver fibrosis and evaluate reversal after fibrotic stimulus withdrawn. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 49:44-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xu D, Zhao ZQ, Chen ST, Yang Y, Fang W, Liu S. Iminodiacetic acid as bifunctional linker for dimerization of cyclic RGD peptides. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 48:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shao G, Gu W, Guo M, Zang S, Fu J, Liu S, Wang F, Wang Z. Clinical study of 99mTc-3P-RGD2 peptide imaging in osteolytic bone metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75587-75596. [PMID: 29088893 PMCID: PMC5650448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the value of integrin αvβ3 targeted imaging with 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfk)]2 (99mTc-3P-RGD2) as a radiotracer in dectecting osteolytic bone metastases. Methods This is a retrospective study involving a cohort of 69 consecutive patients including 59 with lung cancer and 10 with other cancers. Patients were required to receive whole body scan (WBS) and regional SPECT/CT imaging with 99mTc-3P-RGD2 (RGD imaging) and 99mTc-MDP (MDP imaging) as a radiotracer successively within days. Final diagnosis was based on comprehensive assessment of all available data including case history, CT, MRI, SPECT/CT, PET/CT, histopathology and 6-12 months follow-up. Visual observation and semiquantitative analysis (T/N: tracer uptake ratio of osteolytic metastases to normal bone) of 99mTc-3P-RGD2 or 99mTc-MDP imaging were performed and their detective values for osteolytic metastases were compared. Results A total of 131 osteolytic metastatic lesions were retrospectively studied. Osteolytic metastases mainly presented as “hot region”, occasionally as “cool or normal region” on RGD imaging. The detection sensitivity of RGD WBS for osteolytic metastases was significantly higher than that of 99mTc-MDP WBS (80.9% vs. 46.6%, p<0.01). The sensitivity increased to 96.2% (126/131) when combining with SPECT/CT. 99mTc-3P-RGD2 imaging also promoted the detection of unknown primary tumor, lymph node metastases and offered information for clinical staging. T/N of 99mTc-3P-RGD2 in lung adenocarcinoma osteolytic metastases showed no statistical difference compared with that in squamous-cell carcinoma (6.84±3.46 vs. 7.33±3.22, t = 0.39, p = 0.71). Whereas, it was higher in osteolytic metastases from lung cancer than that from thyroid cancer (7.05±3.01 vs. 4.11±2.67, p = 0.03). Conclusion 99mTc-3P-RGD2 peptide imaging showed great potential for detection of osteolytic bone metastasis due to high expression level of integrin αvβ3 on osteoclast and most tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhong Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiming Zang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjing Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zizheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chen G, Ouyang Z, Wang F, Wu H, Jia B, Chordia MD. Evaluation of Tc-99m-3PRGD2 Integrin Receptor Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Breast Lesions and Comparison With Mammography. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:108-115. [PMID: 28135863 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1270957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare efficacies of Tc-99m-3PRGD2 integrin receptor imaging under variety of conditions for the diagnosis of breast lesions, in addition to comparison with mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two female patients with established breast lesions were recruited. All patients were examined by Tc-99m-3PRGD2 integrin receptor imaging and mammography. Whole-body scan and SPECT/CT were acquired at dual time points of 2 and 4 h after injection using standard protocol. The processed images were evaluated by visual and semi-quantitative analysis. Mammography was performed using up and down and internal and external oblique views. The gold standard of diagnosis was based on histopathological findings. RESULTS Sensitivity greater than 85.0% and accuracy greater than 80.0% were observed under any technical method. For dense mammary gland, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Tc-99m-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT 4-h imaging and mammography were 95.2, 75.0, and 90.7%, and 71.4, 58.3, and 68.5% respectively. Combined two methods' sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detection of breast cancer can reach 98.3, 86.7, and 96.0%. CONCLUSIONS Tc-99m-3PRGD2-based molecular imaging is a sensitive method for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. Particularly, Tc-99m-3PRGD2-SPECT/CT has better diagnostic value in dense mammary gland as compared with mammography. Combining two methods can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibing Chen
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Zhong Ouyang
- b Department of Breast Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Fan Wang
- c Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Hua Wu
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Bing Jia
- c Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Mahendra D Chordia
- e Department of Radiology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
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Liu JK, Jiang HY, Gao MD, He CG, Wang Y, Wang P, Ma H, Li Y. An Assisted Diagnosis System for Detection of Early Pulmonary Nodule in Computed Tomography Images. J Med Syst 2016; 41:30. [PMID: 28032305 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-016-0669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is still the most concerned disease around the world. Lung nodule generates in the pulmonary parenchyma which indicates the latent risk of lung cancer. Computer-aided pulmonary nodules detection system is necessary, which can reduce diagnosis time and decrease mortality of patients. In this study, we have proposed a new computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for detection of early pulmonary nodule, which can help radiologists quickly locate suspected nodules and make judgments. This system consists of four main sections: pulmonary parenchyma segmentation, nodule candidate detection, features extraction (total 22 features) and nodule classification. The publicly available data set created by the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) is used for training and testing. This study selects 6400 slices from 80 CT scans containing totally 978 nodules, which is labeled by four radiologists. Through a fast segmentation method proposed in this paper, pulmonary nodules including 888 true nodules and 11,379 false positive nodules are segmented. By means of an ensemble classifier, Random Forest (RF), this study acquires 93.2, 92.4, 94.8, 97.6% of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), respectively. Compared with support vector machine (SVM) classifier, RF can reduce more false positive nodules and acquire larger AUC. With the help of this CAD system, radiologist can be provided with a great reference for pulmonary nodule diagnosis timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Health Informatics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (HICAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Yang Jiang
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Hunnan Campus, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng-di Gao
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Hunnan Campus, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen-Guang He
- Software School, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Hunnan Campus, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, Liaoning, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Health Informatics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (HICAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - He Ma
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Hunnan Campus, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory for Health Informatics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (HICAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang Z, Zhao X, Ding C, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang F. (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT Imaging for Monitoring Early Response of EGFR-TKIs Therapy in Patients with Advanced-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:238-45. [PMID: 27563805 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 imaging for evaluating both early treatment response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and prognosis in advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen patients with lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled for EGFR-TKIs therapy. (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT and planar imaging were performed pre- and post-therapy. The tumor to nontumor (T/NT) ratio and percentage change in T/NT ratio were assessed for the treatment response. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was utilized to analyze the power of identifying responders based on the changes in T/NT ratios. RESULTS After treatment, 10 patients had partial response (PR), and 6 patients stable disease (SD), while 2 patients progressive disease (PD). The mean changes in T/NT ratios on SPECT/CT and planar images in PR group were 35.8% and 15.0% and in SD group were 8.9% and 0.7%, while in PD group were 76.1% and 18.7%, respectively. For ROC analysis, using a cutoff value of 23.8% decrease in T/NT ratio on SPECT/CT images, the sensitivity and specificity in identifying responders were 80.0% and 87.5%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with responders and nonresponders (on (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT) was 18 months (95% CI 5.8-30.2 months) and 7 months (95% CI 5.2-8.8 months), respectively (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 imaging can evaluate the early response to EGFR-targeted therapy and predict the PFS of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Zhang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinming Zhao
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuimin Ding
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingmian Zhang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Wang
- 3 Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University , Beijing, China
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Shi J, Wang F, Liu S. Radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides as radiotracers for tumor imaging. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2016; 2:1-20. [PMID: 27819026 PMCID: PMC5071373 DOI: 10.1007/s41048-016-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin family comprises 24 transmembrane receptors, each a heterodimeric combination of one of 18α and one of 8β subunits. Their main function is to integrate the cell adhesion and interaction with the extracellular microenvironment with the intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal rearrangement through transmitting signals across the cell membrane upon ligand binding. Integrin αvβ3 is a receptor for the extracellular matrix proteins containing arginine–glycine–aspartic (RGD) tripeptide sequence. The αvβ3 is generally expressed in low levels on the epithelial cells and mature endothelial cells, but it is highly expressed in many solid tumors. The αvβ3 levels correlate well with the potential for tumor metastasis and aggressiveness, which make it an important biological target for development of antiangiogenic drugs, and molecular imaging probes for early tumor diagnosis. Over the last decade, many radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides have been evaluated as radiotracers for imaging tumors by SPECT or PET. Even though they are called “αvβ3-targeted” radiotracers, the radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides are also able to bind αvβ5, α5β1, α6β4, α4β1, and αvβ6 integrins, which may help enhance their tumor uptake due to the “increased receptor population.” This article will use the multimeric cyclic RGD peptides as examples to illustrate basic principles for development of integrin-targeted radiotracers and focus on different approaches to maximize their tumor uptake and T/B ratios. It will also discuss important assays for pre-clinical evaluations of the integrin-targeted radiotracers, and their potential applications as molecular imaging tools for noninvasive monitoring of tumor metastasis and early detection of the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Fan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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Ji T, Gao S, Liu Z, Xing H, Zhao G, Ma Q. 99mTc-Glu-c(RGDyK)-Bombesin SPECT Can Reduce Unnecessary Biopsy of Masses That Are BI-RADS Category 4 on Ultrasonography. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1196-200. [PMID: 27013698 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.168773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Masses that, on ultrasonography, are category 4 according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) represent possible malignancy, and a biopsy is recommended. This study explored the value of (99m)Tc-Glu-c(RGDyK)-bombesin ((99m)Tc-RGD-bombesin) in reducing unnecessary biopsy of these masses. METHODS Ninety women with a BI-RADS 4 mass on ultrasonography were enrolled in this study to undergo breast SPECT using (99m)Tc-RGD-bombesin. The images were independently interpreted using qualitative visual and semiquantitative analyses. The final diagnosis was based on histopathologic examination of surgically excised or percutaneous biopsy specimens. Fractions of the samples were immunohistochemically analyzed to evaluate expression of integrin αvβ3 and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). The receptor-positive group was further divided into 3 subgroups (GRPR(+)/αvβ3 (+), GRPR(+)/αvβ3 (-), and αvβ3 (+)/GRPR(-)). RESULTS Ninety-four masses (22 malignant and 72 benign) were confirmed by histopathologic examination. On qualitative analysis, 20 of the malignant masses showed high (99m)Tc-RGD-bombesin accumulation and 48 of the benign masses showed no (99m)Tc-RGD-bombesin accumulation. The optimal cutoff for qualitative analysis was a score of 2. Semiquantitative analysis revealed that 20 of the malignant masses and 16 of the benign masses had a relatively high tumor-to-normal-tissue ratio (T/N). The optimal cutoff was a T/N of 2.26. The mean T/N was higher for malignant masses than for benign masses (3.17 ± 0.86 vs. 1.89 ± 0.71, P < 0.05). T/Ns did not differ among the 3 subgroups (P > 0.05). The areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves for the qualitative and semiquantitative analyses were 0.788 and 0.865, respectively, and the overall diagnostic performance did not significantly differ between these analyses (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-RGD-bombesin SPECT can differentiate benign from malignant BI-RADS 4 masses with high specificity. Further study of the application of this test to clinical breast cancer appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Ji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Hua Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Comparison of biological properties of 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD Peptide trimer and dimer useful as SPECT radiotracers for tumor imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:661-669. [PMID: 27556955 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study sought to evaluate a 99mTc-labeled trimeric cyclic RGD peptide (99mTc-4P-RGD3) as the new radiotracer for tumor imaging. The objective was to compare its biological properties with those of 99mTc-3P-RGD2 in the same animal model. METHODS HYNIC-4P-RGD3 was prepared by reacting 4P-RGD3 with excess HYNIC-OSu in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 was prepared using a kit formulation, and evaluated for its tumor-targeting capability and biodistribution properties in the BALB/c nude mice with U87MG human glioma xenografts. Planar and SPECT imaging studies were performed in athymic nude mice with U87MG glioma xenografts. For comparison purpose, 99mTc-3P-RGD2 (a αvβ3-targeted radiotracer currently under clinical evaluation for tumor imaging in cancer patients) was also evaluated in the same animal models. Blocking experiments were used to demonstrate the αvβ3 specificity of 99mTc-4P-RGD3. RESULTS 99mTc-4P-RGD3 was prepared with >95% RCP and high specific activity (~200GBq/μmol). 99mTc-4P-RGD3 and 99mTc-3P-RGD2 shared almost identical tumor uptake and similar biodistribution properties. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 had higher uptake than 99mTc-3P-RGD2 in the intestines and kidneys; but it showed better metabolic stability. The U87MG tumors were clearly visualized by SPECT with excellent contrast with 99mTc-4P-RGD3 and 99mTc-3P-RGD2. CONCLUSION Increasing peptide multiplicity from 3P-RGD2 to 4P-RGD3 offers no advantages with respect to the tumor-targeting capability. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 is as good a SPECT radiotracer as 99mTc-3P-RGD2 for imaging αvβ3-positive tumors.
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Li D, He L, Guo H, Chen H, Shan H. Targeting activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) for liver fibrosis imaging. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:71. [PMID: 26650603 PMCID: PMC4674461 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following injurious stimuli, quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSCs) transdifferentiate into activated HSCs (aHSCs). aHSCs play pivotal roles in the onset and progression of liver fibrosis. Therefore, molecular imaging of aHSCs in liver fibrosis will facilitate early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and instruction and evaluation of aHSC-targeted treatment. To date, several receptors, such as integrin αvβ3, mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF-IIR), collagen type VI receptor (CVIR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), vimentin, and desmin, have been identified as biomarkers of aHSCs. Corresponding ligands to these receptors have also been developed. This review will discuss strategies for developing aHSC-targeted imaging in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huizhuang Guo
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Hanwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
| | - Hong Shan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Interventional Radiology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Study of novel molecular probe 99mTc-3PRGD2 in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Nucl Med Commun 2015; 36:1208-14. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yu C, Pan D, Mi B, Xu Y, Lang L, Niu G, Yang M, Wan W, Chen X. (18)F-Alfatide II PET/CT in healthy human volunteers and patients with brain metastases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:2021-8. [PMID: 26121930 PMCID: PMC4626365 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of an integrin αvβ3 specific PET tracer (18)F-AlF-NOTA-E[PEG4-c(RGDfk)]2) (denoted as (18)F-Alfatide II). We also assessed the value of (18)F-Alfatide II in patients with brain metastases. METHODS A series of torso (from the skull to the thigh) static images were acquired in five healthy volunteers (3 M, 2 F) at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after injection of (18)F-Alfatide II (257 ± 48 MBq). Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn manually, and the time-activity curves (TACs) were obtained for major organs. Nine patients with brain metastases were examined by static PET imaging with (18)F-FDG (5.55 MBq/kg) and (18)F-Alfatide II. RESULTS Injection of (18)F-Alfatide II was well tolerated in all healthy volunteers, with no serious tracer-related adverse events found. (18)F-Alfatide II showed rapid clearance from the blood pool and kidneys. The total effective dose equivalent (EDE) and effective dose (ED) were 0.0277 ± 0.003 mSv/MBq and 0.0198 ± 0.002 mSv/MBq, respectively. The organs with the highest absorbed dose were the kidneys and the spleen. Nine patients with 20 brain metastatic lesions identified by MRI and/or CT were enrolled in this study. All 20 brain lesions were visualized by (18)F-Alfatide II PET, while only ten lesions were visualized by (18)F-FDG, and 13 by CT. CONCLUSION F-Alfatide II is a safe PET tracer with a favorable dosimetry profile. The observed ED suggests that (18)F-Alfatide II is feasible for human studies. (18)F-Alfatide II has potential value in finding brain metastases of different cancers as a biomarker of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi No. 4 People's Hospital), Wuxi, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Baoming Mi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi No. 4 People's Hospital), Wuxi, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Lixin Lang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.
| | - Weixing Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi No. 4 People's Hospital), Wuxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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López-Rodríguez V, Galindo-Sarco C, García-Pérez FO, Ferro-Flores G, Arrieta O, Ávila-Rodríguez MA. PET-Based Human Dosimetry of the Dimeric αvβ3 Integrin Ligand 68Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2, a Potential Tracer for Imaging Tumor Angiogenesis. J Nucl Med 2015; 57:404-9. [PMID: 26585063 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.161653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence have high affinity for αvβ3 integrin receptors overexpressed in tumor cells. The objective of this research was to determine the biodistribution and estimate the radiation dose from (68)Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 using whole-body PET scans in humans. METHODS Five healthy volunteers (2 women, 3 men; mean age ± SD, 37.2 ± 15.6 y; range, 28-65 y; mean weight, 79.2 ± 21.0 kg; range, 64-115 kg) were included. After intravenous injection of the tracer (198.3 ± 3.3 MBq), 3 successive whole-body (vertex to mid thigh) PET/CT scans at 3 time points (30, 60, and 120 min) were obtained on a 16-slice PET/CT scanner. The subjects did not void the bladder until the entire series of images was completed. Low-dose CT without contrast agent was used for anatomic localization and attenuation correction. OLINDA/EXM software was applied to calculate human radiation doses using the reference adult model. RESULTS The highest uptake was in the urinary bladder, followed by the liver, kidneys, and spleen, in descending order. The critical organ was the urinary bladder wall. The mean effective doses (all subjects, men and women) were 34.1 ± 4.9, 31.0 ± 2.4, and 20.9 ± 5.2 μSv/MBq for the no-voiding, 2.5-h-voiding, and 1-h-voiding models, respectively. CONCLUSION Of particular interest in this research was the visualization of the choroid plexus and ventricular system, which seems to be a characteristic of RGD-dimeric peptides. Measured absorbed doses and effective doses are comparable to other previously reported RGD-based radiopharmaceuticals labeled with (68)Ga and (18)F. Therefore, (68)Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 can safely be used for imaging integrin αVβ3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria López-Rodríguez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Galindo-Sarco
- Departamento de Radiología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Gerencia de Aplicaciones Nucleares en la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico; and
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Ávila-Rodríguez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Liu S. Radiolabeled Cyclic RGD Peptide Bioconjugates as Radiotracers Targeting Multiple Integrins. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1413-38. [PMID: 26193072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a requirement for tumor growth and metastasis. The angiogenic process depends on vascular endothelial cell migration and invasion, and is regulated by various cell adhesion receptors. Integrins are such a family of receptors that facilitate the cellular adhesion to and migration on extracellular matrix proteins in the intercellular spaces and basement membranes. Among 24 members of the integrin family, αvβ3 is studied most extensively for its role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The αvβ3 is expressed at relatively low levels on epithelial cells and mature endothelial cells, but it is highly expressed on the activated endothelial cells of tumor neovasculature and some tumor cells. This restricted expression makes αvβ3 an excellent target to develop antiangiogenic drugs and diagnostic molecular imaging probes. Since αvβ3 is a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins with one or more RGD tripeptide sequence, many radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides have been evaluated as "αvβ3-targeted" radiotracers for tumor imaging over the past decade. This article will use the dimeric and tetrameric cyclic RGD peptides developed in our laboratories as examples to illustrate basic principles for development of αvβ3-targeted radiotracers. It will focus on different approaches to maximize the radiotracer tumor uptake and tumor/background ratios. This article will also discuss some important assays for preclinical evaluations of integrin-targeted radiotracers. In general, multimerization of cyclic RGD peptides increases their integrin binding affinity and the tumor uptake and retention times of their radiotracers. Regardless of their multiplicity, the capability of cyclic RGD peptides to bind other integrins (namely, αvβ5, α5β1, α6β4, α4β1, and αvβ6) is expected to enhance the radiotracer tumor uptake due to the increased integrin population. The results from preclinical and clinical studies clearly show that radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides (such as (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2, (18)F-Alfatide-I, and (18)F-Alfatide-II) are useful as the molecular imaging probes for early cancer detection and noninvasive monitoring of the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Fan D, Zhang X, Zhong L, Liu X, Sun Y, Zhao H, Jia B, Liu Z, Zhu Z, Shi J, Wang F. (68)Ga-labeled 3PRGD2 for dual PET and Cerenkov luminescence imaging of orthotopic human glioblastoma. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1054-60. [PMID: 25853280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Emitters can produce Cerenkov radiation that is detectable by Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI), allowing the combination of PET and CLI with one radiotracer for both tumor diagnosis and visual guidance during surgery. Recently, the clinical feasibility of CLI with the established therapeutic reagent Na(131)I and the PET tracer (18)F-FDG was demonstrated. (68)Ga possesses a higher Cerenkov light output than (18)F and (131)I, which would result in higher sensitivity for CLI and improve the outcome of CLI in clinical applications. However, the research on (68)Ga-based tumor-specific tracers for CLI is limited. In this study, we examined the use of (68)Ga-radiolabeled DOTA-3PRGD2 ((68)Ga-3PRGD2) for dual PET and CLI of orthotopic U87MG human glioblastoma. For this purpose, the Cerenkov efficiencies of (68)Ga and (18)F were measured with the IVIS Spectrum system (PerkinElmer, USA). The CLI signal intensity of (68)Ga was 15 times stronger than that of (18)F. PET and CLI of (68)Ga-3PRGD2 were performed in U87MG human glioblastoma xenografts. Both PET and CLI revealed a remarkable accumulation of (68)Ga-3PRGD2 in the U87MG human glioblastoma xenografts at 1 h p.i. with an extremely low background in the brain when compared with (18)F-FDG. Furthermore, (68)Ga-3PRGD2 was used for dual PET and CLI of orthotopic human glioblastoma. The orthotopic human glioblastoma was clearly visualized by both imaging modalities. In addition, the biodistribution of (68)Ga-3PRGD2 was assessed in normal mice to estimate the radiation dosimetry. The whole-body effective dose is 20.1 ± 3.3 μSv/MBq, which is equal to 3.7 mSv per whole-body PET scan with a 5 mCi injection dose. Thus, (68)Ga-3PRGD2 involves less radiation exposure in patients when compared with (18)F-FDG (7.0 mSv). The use of (68)Ga-3PRGD2 in dual PET and CLI shows great promise for tumor diagnosis and image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi Sun
- §Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100857, China
| | | | | | | | - Zhaohui Zhu
- §Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100857, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- ∥Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Wang
- ∥Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Ji B, Chen B, Wang T, Song Y, Chen M, Ji T, Wang X, Gao S, Ma Q. 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT to monitor early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:1362-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ma Q, Min K, Wang T, Chen B, Wen Q, Wang F, Ji T, Gao S. 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT predicts the outcome of advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy plus bevacizumab. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 29:519-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-0975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen Q, Ma Q, Chen M, Chen B, Wen Q, Jia B, Wang F, Sun B, Gao S. An exploratory study on 99mTc-RGD-BBN peptide scintimammography in the assessment of breast malignant lesions compared to 99mTc-3P4-RGD2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123401. [PMID: 25849333 PMCID: PMC4388716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the diagnostic performance of single photon emission computed tomography / computerized tomography (SPECT/CT) using a new radiotracer 99mTc-RGD-BBN for breast malignant tumor compared with 99mTc-3P4-RGD2. METHODS 6 female patients with breast malignant tumors diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology biopsy (FNAB) who were scheduled to undergo surgery were included in the study. 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 and 99mTc-RGD-BBN were performed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) at 1 hour after intravenous injection of 299 ± 30 MBq and 293 ± 32 MBq of radiotracers respectively at separate day. The results were evaluated by the Tumor to non-Tumor ratios (T/NT). 99mTc-RGD-BBN and 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SPECT/CT images were interpreted independently by 3 experienced nuclear medicine physicians using a 3-point scale system. All of the samples were analyzed immunohistochemically to evaluate the integrin αvβ3 and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) expression. The safety, biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 99mTc-RGD-BBN were also evaluated in the healthy volunteers. RESULTS No serious adverse events were reported in any of the patients during the study. The effective radiation dose entirely conformed to the relevant standards. A total of 6 palpable malignant lesions were detected using 99mTc-RGD-BBN SPECT/CT with clear uptake. All malignant lesions were also detected using 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SPECT/CT. The results showed that five malignant lesions were with clear uptake and the other one with barely an uptake. 4 malignant cases were found with both αvβ3 and GRPR expression, 1 case with only GRPR positive expression (integrin αvβ3 negative) and 1 case with only integrin αvβ3 positive expression (GRPR negative). CONCLUSION 99mTc-RGD-BBN is a safe agent for detecting breast cancer. 99mTc-RGD-BBN may have the potential to make up for the deficiency of 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 in the detection of breast cancer with only GRPR positive expression (integrin αvβ3 negative). The preliminary application of 99mTc-RGD-BBN has demonstrated its powerful potential in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center of Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center of Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Butong Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Shi Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
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Liu L, Song Y, Gao S, Ji T, Zhang H, Ji B, Chen B, Jia B, Wang F, Xu Z, Ma Q. (99)mTc-3PRGD2 scintimammography in palpable and nonpalpable breast lesions. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 24825112 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic performance of 99mTc-3(poly-(ethylene glycol),PEG)4-RGD2 (99mTc-3PRGD2) scintimammography (SMM) in patients with either palpable or nonpalpable breast lesions and compare SMM to mammography to assess the possible incremental value of SMM in breast cancer detection. We also investigated the αvβ3 expression in malignant and benign breast lesions. Ninety-four patients with 110 lesions were included in this study. Mammograms were evaluated according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) by a specialized imaging radiologist. Prone SMM was performed 1 hour after injection of 99mTc-3PRGD2. Scintigraphic images were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians using a three-point system, and the kappa value was calculated to determine the interreader agreement. The McNemar test was used to compare SMM and mammography with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Diagnostic values for breast cancer detection were evaluated for each lesion. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate integrin αvβ3 expression. Histopathology revealed 46 malignant lesions and 64 benign lesions. The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SMM were 83%, 73%, 77%, 69%, and 85%, respectively. The kappa value between the two reviewers was 0.63. The diagnostic values of SMM were higher than those of mammography in evaluating overall breast lesions. A sensitivity of 91% was achieved when SMM and mammography results were combined with 60% of all false-negative mammography findings classified as true-positive results by SMM. Integrin αvβ3 expression was positively identified using SMM imaging. SMM is a promising tool to avoid unnecessary biopsies when used in addition to mammography and can be used to image αvβ3 expression in breast cancer with good image quality.
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Yan B, Qiu F, Ren L, Dai H, Fang W, Zhu H, Wang F. 99mTc-3P-RGD2 molecular imaging targeting integrin αvβ3 in head and neck squamous cancer xenograft. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [PMID: 26224987 PMCID: PMC4514642 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
99mTc-3P-RGD2 and SPECT/CT were valuable tools for selecting patient likely benefit from integrin αvβ3 blocking therapy. To evaluate the feasibility of 99mTc-3P-RGD2 imaging to detect head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, 99mTc-3P-RGD2 was prepared and the relationship between its accumulation and integrin αvβ3 expression in nude mice bearing HEP-2 or CNE-1 carcinoma xenograft were analyzed. This study demonstrated that 99mTc-3P-RGD2, with high affinity to integrin αvβ3, will provide basis for αvβ3 involved individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Fan Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006 China
| | - Ling Ren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Haojie Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Wei Fang
- Cardiovascular Institute & Fu Wai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006 China
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Zhang X, Xin J, Shi Y, Xu W, Yu S, Yang Z, Liu C, Cao L, Guo Q. Assessing activation of hepatic stellate cells by (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy targeting integrin αvβ3: a feasibility study. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:250-5. [PMID: 25530210 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, which is accompanied by increased expression of integrin αvβ3, is an important factor in liver fibrogenesis. Molecular imaging targeting the integrin αvβ3 could provide a non-invasive method for evaluating the expression and the function of the integrin αvβ3 on the activated HSCs (aHSCs) in the injured liver, and then provide important prognostic information. (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 is such a radiotracer specific for integrin αvβ3. In this study, we aimed to compare the differences in liver uptake and retention of the (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 between normal liver and injured liver to evaluate the feasibility of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy for this purpose. METHODS We used planar scintigraphy to assess changes in integrin αvβ3 binding of intravenously-administered (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 in the livers of rats with thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis compared with the controls. We co-injected cold c(RGDyK) with (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 to assess the specific binding of the radiotracer. We performed Sirius red staining to assess liver fibrosis, immunofluorescent colocalization to identify the location of integrin αvβ3 expressed in the fibrotic liver, and we measured protein and messenger RNA expression of integrin αvβ3 and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the control and fibrotic livers. RESULTS The fibrotic livers showed enhanced (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 uptake and retention. The radiotracer was demonstrated to bind specifically with the integrin αvβ3 mainly expressed on the aHSCs. The liver-to-heart ratio at 30 min post-injection was higher in the fibrotic livers than in the control livers (TAA, 1.98±0.08 vs. control, 1.50±0.12, p<0.01). The liver t1/2 was longer than in the controls (TAA, 27.07±10.69 min vs. control, 12.67±4.10 min, p<0.01). The difference of heart t1/2 between the two groups was not statistically significant (TAA, 3.13±0.63 min vs. control, 3.41±0.77 min, p=0.94). CONCLUSIONS (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 molecular imaging can provide a non-invasive method for assessing activation of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jun Xin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weina Xu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shupeng Yu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Changping Liu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiyong Guo
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Zheng Y, Ji S, Czerwinski A, Valenzuela F, Pennington M, Liu S. FITC-conjugated cyclic RGD peptides as fluorescent probes for staining integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 in tumor tissues. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1925-41. [PMID: 25312799 PMCID: PMC4240344 DOI: 10.1021/bc500452y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
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This study sought to evaluate FITC-conjugated
cyclic RGD peptides
(FITC-RGD2, FITC-3P-RGD2, and FITC-Galacto-RGD2) as fluorescent probes for in vitro assays of integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 expression in tumor tissues. FITC-RGD2, FITC-3P-RGD2, and FITC-Galacto-RGD2 were prepared, and their
integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 binding affinity was determined using the displacement
assay against 125I-echistatin bound to U87MG glioma cells.
IC50 values of FITC-Galacto-RGD2, FITC-3P-RGD2, and FITC-RGD2 were calculated to be 28 ±
8, 32 ± 7, and 89 ± 17 nM, respectively. The integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 binding affinity followed a general trend: FITC-Galacto-RGD2 ∼ FITC-3P-RGD2 > FITC-RGD2.
The xenografted tumor-bearing models were established by subcutaneous
injection of 5 × 106 tumor cells into shoulder flank
(U87MG, A549, HT29, and PC-3) or mammary fat pad (MDA-MB-435) of each
athymic nude mouse. Three to six weeks after inoculation, the tumor
size was 0.1–0.3 g. Tumors were harvested for integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 staining, as well as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Six
human carcinoma tissues (colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung adenocarcinoma,
squamous cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer)
were obtained from recently diagnosed cancer patients. Human carcinoma
slides were deparaffinized in xylene, rehydrated with ethanol, and
then used for integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 staining, as well as H&E staining.
It was found that the tumor staining procedures with FITC-conjugated
cyclic RGD peptides were much simpler than those with the fluorescence-labeled
integrin αvβ3 antibodies. Since
FITC-RGD2, FITC-3P-RGD2, and FITC-Galacto-RGD2 were able to co-localize with the fluorescence-labeled integrin
β3 antibody, their tumor localization and tumor cell
binding are integrin αvβ3-specific.
Quantification of the fluorescent intensity in five xenografted tumors
(U87MG, MDA-MB-435, A549, HT29, and PC-3) and six human carcinoma
tissues revealed an excellent linear relationship between the relative
integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 expression levels determined with FITC-Galacto-RGD2 and those obtained with the fluorescence-labeled anti-human
integrin β3 antibody. There was also an excellent
linear relationship between the tumor uptake (%ID/g) of 99mTc-3P-RGD2 (an integrin αvβ3/αvβ5-targeted radiotracer)
and the relative integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 expression levels from the quantification
of fluorescent intensity in the tumor tissues stained with FITC-Galacto-RGD2. These results suggest that FITC-conjugated cyclic RGD peptides
might be useful to correlate the in vitro findings with the in vivo
imaging data from an integrin αvβ3/αvβ5-targeted radiotracer. The
results from this study clearly showed that the FITC-conjugated cyclic
RGD peptides (particularly FITC-3P-RGD2 and FITC-Galacto-RGD2) are useful fluorescent probes for assaying relative integrin
αvβ3/αvβ5 expression levels in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing, 100029, China
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Ma Q, Chen B, Gao S, Ji T, Wen Q, Song Y, Zhu L, Xu Z, Liu L. 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 scintimammography in the assessment of breast lesions: comparative study with 99mTc-MIBI. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108349. [PMID: 25250628 PMCID: PMC4176966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the potential application of 99mTc-3P-Arg-Gly-Asp (99mTc-3P4-RGD2) scintimammography (SMM) and 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) SMM for the differentiation of malignant from benign breast lesions. Method Thirty-six patients with breast masses on physical examination and/or suspicious mammography results that required fine needle aspiration cytology biopsy (FNAB) were included in the study. 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 and 99mTc-MIBI SMM were performed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) at 60 min and 20 min respectively after intravenous injection of 738±86 MBq radiotracers on a separate day. Images were evaluated by the tumor to non-tumor localization ratios (T/NT). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed on each radiotracer to calculate the cut-off values of quantitative indices and to compare the diagnostic performance for the ability to differentiate malignant from benign diseases. Results The mean T/NT ratio of 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 in malignant lesions was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (3.54±1.51 vs. 1.83±0.98, p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SMM were 89.3%, 90.9% and 89.7%, respectively, with a T/NT cut-off value of 2.40. The mean T/NT ratio of 99mTc-MIBI in malignant lesions was also significantly higher than that in benign lesions (2.86±0.99 vs. 1.51±0.61, p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 99mTc-MIBI SMM were 87.5%, 72.7% and 82.1%, respectively, with a T/NT cut-off value of 1.45. According to the ROC analysis, the area under the curve for 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SMM (area = 0.851) was higher than that for 99mTc-MIBI SMM (area = 0.781), but the statistical difference was not significant. Conclusion 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SMM does not provide any significant advantage over the established 99mTc-MIBI SMM for the detection of primary breast cancer. The T/NT ratio of 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SMM was significantly higher than that of 99mTc-MIBI SMM. Both tracers could offer an alternative method for elucidating non-diagnostic mammograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Ma
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Chen
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi Gao
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiefeng Ji
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Song
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheli Xu
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
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Yang Y, Ji S, Liu S. Impact of multiple negative charges on blood clearance and biodistribution characteristics of 99mTc-labeled dimeric cyclic RGD peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1720-9. [PMID: 25144854 PMCID: PMC4166031 DOI: 10.1021/bc500309r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
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This
study sought to evaluate the impact of multiple negative charges
on blood clearance kinetics and biodistribution properties of 99mTc-labeled RGD peptide dimers. Bioconjugates HYNIC-P6G-RGD2 and HYNIC-P6D-RGD2 were prepared by reacting P6G-RGD2 and P6D-RGD2, respectively, with excess HYNIC-OSu
in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. Their IC50 values
were determined to be 31 ± 5 and 41 ± 6 nM, respectively,
against 125I-echistatin bound to U87MG glioma cells in
a whole-cell displacement assay. Complexes [99mTc(HYNIC-P6G-RGD2)(tricine)(TPPTS)] (99mTc-P6G-RGD2)
and [99mTc(HYNIC-P6D-RGD2)(tricine)(TPPTS)]
(99mTc-P6D-RGD2) were prepared in high radiochemical
purity (RCP > 95%) and specific activity (37–110 GBq/μmol).
They were evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma xenografts
for their biodistribution. The most significant difference between 99mTc-P6D-RGD2 and 99mTc-P6G-RGD2 was their blood radioactivity levels and tumor uptake. The
initial blood radioactivity level for 99mTc-P6D-RGD2 (4.71 ± 1.00%ID/g) was ∼5× higher than that
of 99mTc-P6G-RGD2 (0.88 ± 0.05%ID/g), but
this difference disappeared at 60 min p.i. 99mTc-P6D-RGD2 had much lower tumor uptake (2.20–3.11%ID/g) than 99mTc-P6G-RGD2 (7.82–9.27%ID/g) over a 2
h period. Since HYNIC-P6D-RGD2 and HYNIC-P6G-RGD2 shared a similar integrin αvβ3 binding affinity (41 ± 6 nM versus 31 ± 5 nM), the difference
in their blood activity and tumor uptake is most likely related to
the nine negative charges and high protein binding of 99mTc-P6D-RGD2. Despite its low uptake in U87MG tumors, the
tumor uptake of 99mTc-P6D-RGD2 was integrin
αvβ3-specific. SPECT/CT studies
were performed using 99mTc-P6G-RGD2 in athymic
nude mice bearing U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts.
The SPECT/CT data demonstrated the tumor-targeting capability of 99mTc-P6G-RGD2, and its tumor uptake depends on
the integrin αvβ3 expression levels
on tumor cells and neovasculature. It was concluded that the multiple
negative charges have a significant impact on the blood clearance
kinetics and tumor uptake of 99mTc-labeled dimeric cyclic
RGD peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University , 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Shi J, Fan D, Dong C, Liu H, Jia B, Zhao H, Jin X, Liu Z, Li F, Wang F. Anti-tumor effect of integrin targeted (177)Lu-3PRGD2 and combined therapy with Endostar. Theranostics 2014; 4:256-66. [PMID: 24505234 PMCID: PMC3915089 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted radiotherapy (TRT) is an emerging approach for tumor treatment. Previously, 3PRGD2 (a dimeric RGD peptide with 3 PEG4 linkers) has been demonstrated to be of advantage for integrin αvβ3 targeting. Given the promising results of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 for lung cancer detection in human beings, we are encouraged to investigate the radiotherapeutic efficacy of radiolabeled 3PRGD2. The goal of this study was to investigate and optimize the integrin αvβ3 mediated therapeutic effect of (177)Lu-3PRGD2 in the animal model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Biodistribution, gamma imaging and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) studies of (177)Lu-3PRGD2 were performed. The targeted radiotherapy (TRT) with single dose and repeated doses as well as the combined therapy of TRT and the anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT) with Endostar were conducted in U87MG tumor model. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunochemistry (IHC) were performed post-treatment to evaluate the therapeutic effect. RESULTS The U87MG tumor uptake of (177)Lu-3PRGD2 was relatively high (6.03 ± 0.65 %ID/g, 4.62 ± 1.44 %ID/g, 3.55 ± 1.08 %ID/g, and 1.22 ± 0.18 %ID/g at 1 h, 4 h, 24 h, and 72 h postinjection, respectively), and the gamma imaging could visualize the tumors clearly. The MTD of (177)Lu-3PRGD2 in nude mice (>111 MBq) was twice to that of (90)Y-3PRGD2 (55.5 MBq). U87MG tumor growth was significantly delayed by (177)Lu-3PRGD2 TRT. Significantly increased anti-tumor effects were observed in the two doses or combined treatment groups. CONCLUSION The two-dose TRT and combined therapy with Endostar potently enhanced the tumor growth inhibition, but the former does not need to inject daily for weeks, avoiding a lot of unnecessary inconvenience and suffering for patients, which could potentially be rapidly translated into clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Shi
- 1. Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 2. Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Di Fan
- 1. Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 3. Department of Radiation Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chengyan Dong
- 1. Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 3. Department of Radiation Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Liu
- 1. Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 3. Department of Radiation Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing Jia
- 1. Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 3. Department of Radiation Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiyun Zhao
- 1. Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 2. Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaona Jin
- 4. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100857, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- 1. Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 3. Department of Radiation Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fang Li
- 4. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100857, China
| | - Fan Wang
- 1. Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 3. Department of Radiation Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Li Y, Liu Z, Dong C, He P, Liu X, Zhu Z, Jia B, Li F, Wang F. Noninvasive detection of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived teratoma with an integrin-targeting agent (99m)Tc-3PRGD2. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 15:58-67. [PMID: 22707047 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since their discovery in 2006, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have gained increasing interest for tissue regeneration and transplantation therapies. However, teratoma formation after iPSC transplantation is one of the most serious drawbacks that may limit their further clinical application. We investigated here whether human iPSC-derived teratomas could be detected by an integrin-targeting agent (99m)Tc-PEG(4)-E[PEG(4)-c(RGDfK)](2) ((99m)Tc-3PRGD2). METHODS Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were generated and characterized. In vitro integrin α(v)β(3) expression levels of hiPSC- and hiPSC-derived teratoma cells were determined by flow cytometry. (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 was prepared, and planar gamma imaging and biodistribution studies were carried out in teratoma-bearing severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of teratomas with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) was also performed for comparison. Integrin α(v)β(3) expression in teratoma tissues was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 showed high (2.82 ± 0.21 and 2.69 ± 0.73%ID/g at 0.5 and 1 h pi, respectively) and specific (teratoma uptake decreased from 2.69 ± 0.73 to 0.53 ± 0.26%ID/g after blocking with cold 3PRGD2) uptake in teratoma tissues, and planar gamma imaging demonstrated the feasibility of noninvasively detecting the teratoma formation with (99m)Tc-3PRGD2. (18)F-FDG showed low teratoma uptake and thus failed to detect the teratomas. Ex vivo immunofluorescence staining validated the integrin α(v)β(3) expression in the vasculature during teratoma formation. CONCLUSION Gamma imaging with (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 is a promising approach for the noninvasive monitoring of tumorigenicity after hiPSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Stem Cell Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Ji S, Czerwinski A, Zhou Y, Shao G, Valenzuela F, Sowiński P, Chauhan S, Pennington M, Liu S. (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2: a novel 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD peptide dimer useful for tumor imaging. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3304-14. [PMID: 23875883 PMCID: PMC3946497 DOI: 10.1021/mp400085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-Galacto-RGD2)(tricine)(TPPTS)] ((99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2: HYNIC = 6-hydrazinonicotinyl; Galacto-RGD2 = Glu[cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys(SAA-PEG2-(1,2,3-triazole)-1-yl-4-methylamide)]]2 (SAA = 7-amino-L-glycero-L-galacto-2,6-anhydro-7-deoxyheptanamide, and PEG2 = 3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid); and TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3″-trisulfonate) as a new radiotracer for tumor imaging. Galacto-RGD2 was prepared via the copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition. HYNIC-Galacto-RGD2 was prepared by reacting Galacto-RGD2 with sodium succinimidyl 6-(2-(2-sulfonatobenzaldehyde)hydrazono)nicotinate (HYNIC-OSu) in the presence of diisopropylethylamine, and was evaluated for its integrin αvβ3 binding affinity against (125)I-echistatin bound to U87MG glioma cells. The IC50 value for HYNIC-Galacto-RGD2 was determined to be 20 ± 2 nM. (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 was prepared in high specific activity (∼ 185 GBq/μmol) and high radiochemical purity (>95%), and was evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma xenografts for its tumor-targeting capability and biodistribution. The tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 was 10.30 ± 1.67, 8.37 ± 2.13, 6.86 ± 1.33, and 5.61 ± 1.52%ID/g at 5, 30, 60, and 120 min p.i., respectively, which was in agreement with high integrin αvβ3 expression on glioma cells and neovasculature. Its lower uptake in intestines, lungs, and spleen suggests that (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 has advantages over (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2 ([(99m)Tc(HYNIC-3P-RGD2)(tricine)(TPPTS)]: 3P-RGD2 = PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2; PEG4 = 15-amino-4,7,10,13-tetraoxapentadecanoic acid) for imaging tumors in the chest and abdominal regions. U87MG tumors were readily detected by SPECT and the tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 was integrin αvβ3-specific. (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 also had very high metabolic stability. On the basis of results from this study, it was concluded that (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 is an excellent radiotracer for imaging integrin αvβ3-positive tumors and related metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundong Ji
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Yang Zhou
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Guoqiang Shao
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
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Ji S, Zhou Y, Voorbach MJ, Shao G, Zhang Y, Fox GB, Albert DH, Luo Y, Liu S, Mudd SR. Monitoring tumor response to linifanib therapy with SPECT/CT using the integrin αvβ3-targeted radiotracer 99mTc-3P-RGD2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 346:251-8. [PMID: 23750021 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.202622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the utility of (99m)Tc-3P-Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD2) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) for noninvasive monitoring of integrin αvβ3-expression response to antiangiogenic treatment with linifanib. Linifanib or vehicle therapy was carried out in female athymic nu/nu mice bearing U87MG glioma (high αvβ3 expression) or PC-3 prostate (low αvβ3 expression) tumors at 12.5 mg/kg twice daily. The average tumor volume was 180 ± 90 mm(3) the day prior to baseline SPECT/CT. Longitudinal (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2 SPECT/CT imaging was performed at baseline (-1 day) and days 1, 4, 11, and 18. Tumors were harvested at all imaging time points for histopathological analysis with H&E and immunohistochemistry. A significant difference in tumor volumes between vehicle- and linifanib-treated groups was observed after 4 days of linifanib therapy in the U87MG model. The percent injected dose (%ID) tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2 peaked in the vehicle-treated group at day 11, while the %ID/cm(3) tumor uptake decreased slowly over the whole study period. During the first 2 days of linifanib treatment, a rapid decrease in both %ID/cm(3) tumor uptake and tumor/muscle ratios of (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2 was observed, followed by a slow decrease until day 18. No decrease in tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2 or tumor volume was observed for either treatment group in the PC-3 model. Changes in tumor vasculature were confirmed by histopathological H&E analysis and immunohistochemistry. Longitudinal imaging using (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2 SPECT/CT may be a useful tool for monitoring the downstream biologic effects of linifanib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundong Ji
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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SPECT/CT of lung nodules using 111In-DOTA-c(RGDfK) in a mouse lung carcinogenesis model. Ann Nucl Med 2013; 27:640-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-013-0729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Deshayes E, Dunet V, Rüegg C, Prior J. Imagerie de la néoangiogenèse en médecine nucléaire. MEDECINE NUCLEAIRE-IMAGERIE FONCTIONNELLE ET METABOLIQUE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mednuc.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhou Y, Shao G, Liu S. Monitoring Breast Tumor Lung Metastasis by U-SPECT-II/CT with an Integrin α(v)β(3)-Targeted Radiotracer( 99m)Tc-3P-RGD(2). Theranostics 2012; 2:577-88. [PMID: 22737193 PMCID: PMC3381346 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of u-SPECT-II/CT to monitor the progression of breast cancer lung metastasis using 99mTc-3P-RGD2 as a radiotracer. Methods: The breast cancer lung metastasis model was established by tail-vein injection of 2 x 105 - 1.5 x 106 MDA-MB-231 cells into each athymic nude mouse. SPECT/CT studies were performed at a specified time after inoculation of MDA-MB-231 cells. Histological staining was used to further confirm the presence of lung metastases. Results: We found that both inoculation time and tumor cell load had significant influence on the extent of lung metastasis. For example, if animals were injected with 2 x 105 MDA-MB-231 cells, there were no detectable metastatic breast tumors in the lungs after 8 weeks. If animals were injected with 1 x 106 MDA-MB-231 cells, there were many tumors in both lungs at week 8. When 1.5 x 106 MDA-MB-231 cells were injected, the animal became very weak by week 7. We also found a rare example of breast cancer metastasis in the muscle and mediastinal lymph nodes. The tumor necrotic regions were clearly delineated by u-SPECT-II/CT. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated that 99mTc-3P-RGD2 is an excellent radiotracer for noninvasive imaging of metastatic breast tumors in the lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes and muscles. 99mTc-3P-RGD2 SPECT/CT is an outstanding platform for monitoring the progression of breast cancer lung metastases, semi-quantification of breast tumor load in the lungs and delineation of tumor necrosis in small animals.
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Zhu Z, Miao W, Li Q, Dai H, Ma Q, Wang F, Yang A, Jia B, Jing X, Liu S, Shi J, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Wang F, Li F. 99mTc-3PRGD2 for Integrin Receptor Imaging of Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Study. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:716-22. [PMID: 22499615 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.098988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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