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Buckle T, Rietbergen DDD, de Wit-van der Veen L, Schottelius M. Lessons learned in application driven imaging agent design for image-guided surgery. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:3040-3054. [PMID: 38900308 PMCID: PMC11300579 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
To meet the growing demand for intraoperative molecular imaging, the development of compatible imaging agents plays a crucial role. Given the unique requirements of surgical applications compared to diagnostics and therapy, maximizing translational potential necessitates distinctive imaging agent designs. For effective surgical guidance, exogenous signatures are essential and are achievable through a diverse range of imaging labels such as (radio)isotopes, fluorescent dyes, or combinations thereof. To achieve optimal in vivo utility a balanced molecular design of the tracer as a whole is required, which ensures a harmonious effect of the imaging label with the affinity and specificity (e.g., pharmacokinetics) of a pharmacophore/targeting moiety. This review outlines common design strategies and the effects of refinements in the molecular imaging agent design on the agent's pharmacological profile. This includes the optimization of affinity, pharmacokinetics (including serum binding and target mediated background), biological clearance route, the achievable signal intensity, and the effect of dosing hereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne D D Rietbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Section Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda de Wit-van der Veen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Translational Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25A, Agora, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland.
- Agora, pôle de recherche sur le cancer, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Dai R, Cai Z, Hu R, Huang Y, Fu L, Yang J, Hu K, Li H. 177Lu-Labeled Bivalent Ligands of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for Endoradiotherapy of Prostate Cancer. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:883-894. [PMID: 38155100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we developed a bivalent prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand ([18F]AlF-Bi-PSMA), which showed higher tumor uptake and retention in PSMA-positive mouse models than the clinically used radioligands, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [18F]PSMA-1007. Here, we developed two 177Lu-labeled bivalent PSMA ligands with (DOTA-Alb-Bi-PSMA) or without an albumin-binding motif (DOTA-Bi-PSMA) to enhance radiotherapeutic efficacy with minimal toxicity. The results demonstrated that both 177Lu-labeled bivalent radioligands showed good stability, high binding affinity, and PSMA-targeting specificity in vitro. Compared with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, both [177Lu]Lu-Bi-PSMA and [177Lu]Lu-Alb-Bi-PSMA showed a higher area under the curve (AUC) of tumor accumulation and superior therapeutic efficacy. However, [177Lu]Lu-Alb-Bi-PSMA exhibited a dose-dependent increase in acute damage to kidneys. In terms of the radionuclide therapy efficacy and side effects, [177Lu]Lu-Bi-PSMA exhibited well-balanced action with high tumor-to-organs AUC ratios, resulting in remarkable therapeutic efficacy and negligible side effects. These promising results warrant further investigations to achieve the clinical translation of [177Lu]Lu-Bi-PSMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxue Dai
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhikai Cai
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Rui Hu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yueqi Huang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Lilan Fu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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Santos JF, Braz MT, Raposinho P, Cleeren F, Cassells I, Leekens S, Cawthorne C, Mendes F, Fernandes C, Paulo A. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of PSMA-Targeted 111In-Radioconjugates Containing a Mitochondria-Tropic Triphenylphosphonium Carrier. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:216-233. [PMID: 37992229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear DNA is the canonical target for biological damage induced by Auger electrons (AE) in the context of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) of cancer, but other subcellular components might also be relevant for this purpose, such as the energized mitochondria of tumor cells. Having this in mind, we have synthesized novel DOTA-based chelators carrying a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitor and a triphenyl phosphonium (TPP) group that were used to obtain dual-targeted 111In-radioconjugates ([111In]In-TPP-DOTAGA-PSMA and [111In]In-TPP-DOTAGA-G3-PSMA), aiming to promote a selective uptake of an AE-emitter radiometal (111In) by PSMA+ prostate cancer (PCa) cells and an enhanced accumulation in the mitochondria. These dual-targeted 111In-radiocomplexes are highly stable under physiological conditions and in cell culture media. The complexes showed relatively similar binding affinities toward the PSMA compared to the reference tracer [111In]In-PSMA-617, in line with their high cellular uptake and internalization in PSMA+ PCa cells. The complexes compromised cell survival in a dose-dependent manner and in the case of [111In]In-TPP-DOTAGA-G3-PSMA to a higher extent than observed for the single-targeted congener [111In]In-PSMA-617. μSPECT imaging studies in PSMA+ PCa xenografts showed that the TPP pharmacophore did not interfere with the excellent in vivo tumor uptake of the "golden standard" [111In]In-PSMA-617, although it led to a higher kidney retention. Such kidney retention does not necessarily compromise their usefulness as radiotherapeutics due to the short tissue range of the Auger/conversion electrons emitted by 111In. Overall, our results provide valuable insights into the potential use of mitochondrial targeting by PSMA-based radiocomplexes for efficient use of AE-emitting radionuclides in TRT, giving impetus to extend the studies to other AE-emitting trivalent radiometals (e.g., 161Tb or 165Er) and to further optimize the designed dual-targeting constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F Santos
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Maria T Braz
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Paula Raposinho
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irwin Cassells
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Simon Leekens
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher Cawthorne
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filipa Mendes
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Célia Fernandes
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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Galbiati A, Dorten P, Gilardoni E, Gierse F, Bocci M, Zana A, Mock J, Claesener M, Cufe J, Büther F, Schäfers K, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Neri D, Cazzamalli S, Backhaus P. Tumor-Targeted Interleukin 2 Boosts the Anticancer Activity of FAP-Directed Radioligand Therapeutics. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1934-1940. [PMID: 37734838 PMCID: PMC10690118 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the antitumor efficacy of a combination of 177Lu-labeled radioligand therapeutics targeting the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) (OncoFAP and BiOncoFAP) with the antibody-cytokine fusion protein L19-interleukin 2 (L19-IL2) providing targeted delivery of interleukin 2 to tumors. Methods: The biodistribution of 177Lu-OncoFAP and 177Lu-BiOncoFAP at different molar amounts (3 vs. 250 nmol/kg) of injected ligand was studied via SPECT/CT in mice bearing subcutaneous HT-1080.hFAP tumors, and self-absorbed tumor and organ doses were calculated. The in vivo anticancer effect of 5 MBq of the radiolabeled preparations was evaluated as monotherapy or in combination with L19-IL2 in subcutaneously implanted HT-1080.hFAP and SK-RC-52.hFAP tumors. Tumor samples from animals treated with 177Lu-BiOncoFAP, L19-IL2, or both were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify therapeutic signatures on cellular and stromal markers of cancer and on immunomodulatory targets. Results: 177Lu-BiOncoFAP led to a significantly higher self-absorbed dose in FAP-positive tumors (0.293 ± 0.123 Gy/MBq) than did 177Lu-OncoFAP (0.157 ± 0.047 Gy/MBq, P = 0.01) and demonstrated favorable tumor-to-organ ratios at high molar amounts of injected ligand. Administration of L19-IL2 or 177Lu-BiOncoFAP as single agents led to cancer cures in only a limited number of treated animals. In 177Lu-BiOncoFAP-plus-L19-IL2 combination therapy, complete remissions were observed in all injected mice (7/7 complete remissions for the HT-1080.hFAP model, and 4/4 complete remissions for the SK-RC-52.hFAP model), suggesting therapeutic synergy. Proteomic studies revealed a mechanism of action based on the activation of natural killer cells, with a significant enhancement of the expression of granzymes and perforin 1 in the tumor microenvironment after combination treatment. Conclusion: The combination of OncoFAP-based radioligand therapeutics with concurrent targeting of interleukin 2 shows synergistic anticancer effects in the treatment of FAP-positive tumors. This experimental finding should be corroborated by future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galbiati
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Dorten
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ettore Gilardoni
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Florian Gierse
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matilde Bocci
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Mock
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Claesener
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Juela Cufe
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Büther
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- West German Cancer Centre, Münster, Germany
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; and
- Philogen S.p.A., Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Cazzamalli
- Research and Development Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland;
| | - Philipp Backhaus
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- West German Cancer Centre, Münster, Germany
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5
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Boinapally S, Alati S, Jiang Z, Yan Y, Lisok A, Singh R, Lofland G, Minn I, Hobbs RF, Pomper MG, Banerjee SR. Preclinical Evaluation of a New Series of Albumin-Binding 177Lu-Labeled PSMA-Based Low-Molecular-Weight Radiotherapeutics. Molecules 2023; 28:6158. [PMID: 37630410 PMCID: PMC10459686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based low-molecular-weight agents using beta(β)-particle-emitting radiopharmaceuticals is a new treatment paradigm for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Although results have been encouraging, there is a need to improve the tumor residence time of current PSMA-based radiotherapeutics. Albumin-binding moieties have been used strategically to enhance the tumor uptake and retention of existing PSMA-based investigational agents. Previously, we developed a series of PSMA-based, β-particle-emitting, low-molecular-weight compounds. From this series, 177Lu-L1 was selected as the lead agent because of its reduced off-target radiotoxicity in preclinical studies. The ligand L1 contains a PSMA-targeting Lys-Glu urea moiety with an N-bromobenzyl substituent in the ε-amino group of Lys. Here, we structurally modified 177Lu-L1 to improve tumor targeting using two known albumin-binding moieties, 4-(p-iodophenyl) butyric acid moiety (IPBA) and ibuprofen (IBU), and evaluated the effects of linker length and composition. Six structurally related PSMA-targeting ligands (Alb-L1-Alb-L6) were synthesized based on the structure of 177Lu-L1. The ligands were assessed for in vitro binding affinity and were radiolabeled with 177Lu following standard protocols. All 177Lu-labeled analogs were studied in cell uptake and selected cell efficacy studies. In vivo pharmacokinetics were investigated by conducting tissue biodistribution studies for 177Lu-Alb-L2-177Lu-Alb-L6 (2 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 192 h) in male NSG mice bearing human PSMA+ PC3 PIP and PSMA- PC3 flu xenografts. Preliminary therapeutic ratios of the agents were estimated from the area under the curve (AUC0-192h) of the tumors, blood, and kidney uptake values. Compounds were obtained in >98% radiochemical yields and >99% purity. PSMA inhibition constants (Kis) of the ligands were in the ≤10 nM range. The long-linker-based agents, 177Lu-Alb-L4 and 177Lu-Alb-L5, displayed significantly higher tumor uptake and retention (p < 0.001) than the short-linker-bearing 177Lu-Alb-L2 and 177Lu-Alb-L3 and a long polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker-bearing agent, 177Lu-Alb-L6. The area under the curve (AUC0-192h) of the PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor uptake of 177Lu-Alb-L4 and 177Lu-Alb-L5 were >4-fold higher than 177Lu-Alb-L2, 177Lu-Alb-L3, and 177Lu-Alb-L6, respectively. Also, the PSMA+ PIP tumor uptake (AUC0-192h) of 177Lu-Alb-L2 and 177Lu-Alb-L3 was ~1.5-fold higher than 177Lu-Alb-L6. However, the lowest blood AUC0-192h and kidney AUC0-192h were associated with 177Lu-Alb-L6 from the series. Consequently, 177Lu-Alb-L6 displayed the highest ratios of AUC(tumor)-to-AUC(blood) and AUC(tumor)-to-AUC(kidney) values from the series. Among the other agents, 177Lu-Alb-L4 demonstrated a nearly similar ratio of AUC(tumor)-to-AUC(blood) as 177Lu-Alb-L6. The tumor-to-blood ratio was the dose-limiting therapeutic ratio for all of the compounds. Conclusions: 177Lu-Alb-L4 and 177Lu-Alb-L6 showed high tumor uptake in PSMA+ tumors and tumor-to-blood ratios. The data suggest that linker length and composition can be modulated to generate an optimized therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Boinapally
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Suresh Alati
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Zirui Jiang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Yu Yan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Alla Lisok
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Rajan Singh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Gabriela Lofland
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Robert F. Hobbs
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.); (Z.J.); (I.M.); (R.F.H.); (M.G.P.)
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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6
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Lee Z, Heston WD, Wang X, Basilion JP. GCP III is not the "off-target" for urea-based PSMA ligands. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2944-2946. [PMID: 37191680 PMCID: PMC10382371 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Lee
- Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | | | - Xinning Wang
- Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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7
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Wallimann RH, Schindler P, Hensinger H, Tschan VJ, Busslinger SD, Kneuer R, Müller C, Schibli R. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry─A Valid Method for the Characterization of Metal Conjugates in View of the Development of Radiopharmaceuticals. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2150-2158. [PMID: 36826437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the question whether inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can be used as a method for the in vitro and in vivo characterization of non-radioactive metal conjugates to predict the properties of analogous radiopharmaceuticals. In a "proof-of-concept" study, the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting [175Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and [159Tb]Tb-PSMA-617 were compared with their respective radiolabeled analogues, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (PLUVICTO, Novartis) and [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-617. ICP-MS and conventional γ-counting of the cell samples revealed almost identical results (<6% absolute difference between the two technologies) for the in vitro uptake and internalization of the (radio)metal conjugates, irrespective of the employed methodology. In vivo, an equal uptake in PSMA-positive PC-3 PIP tumor xenografts was determined 1 h after the injection of [175Lu]Lu-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (41 ± 6% ID/g and 44 ± 12% IA/g, respectively) and [159Tb]Tb-/[161Tb]Tb-PSMA-617 (44 ± 5% ID/g and 44 ± 5% IA/g, respectively). It was further revealed that it is crucial to use the same ratios of the (radio)metal-labeled and unlabeled ligands for both methodologies to obtain equal data in organs in which receptor saturation was reached such as the kidneys (12 ± 2% ID/g vs 10 ± 1% IA/g, 1 h after injection). The data of this study demonstrate that the use of high-sensitivity ICP-MS allows reliable and predictive quantification of compounds labeled with stable metal isotopes in cell and tissue samples obtained in preclinical studies. It can, hence, be employed as a valid alternative to the state-of-the-art γ-counting methodology to detect radioactive ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel H Wallimann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schindler
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heloïse Hensinger
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viviane J Tschan
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sarah D Busslinger
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kneuer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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8
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Stenberg VY, Tornes AJK, Nilsen HR, Revheim ME, Bruland ØS, Larsen RH, Juzeniene A. Factors Influencing the Therapeutic Efficacy of the PSMA Targeting Radioligand 212Pb-NG001. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112784. [PMID: 35681766 PMCID: PMC9179904 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a protein overexpressed in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and a promising target for targeted radionuclide therapy. PSMA-targeted alpha therapy is of growing interest due to the high-emission energy and short range of alpha particles, resulting in a prominent cytotoxic potency. This study assesses the influence of various factors on the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the alpha particle generating PSMA-targeting radioligand 212Pb-NG001. Abstract This study aimed to determine the influence of cellular PSMA expression, radioligand binding and internalization, and repeated administrations on the therapeutic effects of the PSMA-targeting radioligand 212Pb-NG001. Cellular binding and internalization, cytotoxicity, biodistribution, and the therapeutic efficacy of 212Pb-NG001 were investigated in two human prostate cancer cell lines with different PSMA levels: C4-2 (PSMA+) and PC-3 PIP (PSMA+++). Despite 10-fold higher PSMA expression on PC-3 PIP cells, cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the radioligand was only 1.8-fold better than for the C4-2 model, possibly explained by lower cellular internalization and less blood-rich stroma in PC-3 PIP xenografts. Mice bearing subcutaneous PC-3 PIP xenografts were treated with 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 MBq of 212Pb-NG001 that resulted in therapeutic indexes of 2.7, 3.0, and 3.5, respectively. A significant increase in treatment response was observed in mice that received repeated injections compared to the corresponding single dose (therapeutic indexes of 3.6 for 2 × 0.2 MBq and 4.4 for 2 × 0.4 MBq). The results indicate that 212Pb-NG001 can induce therapeutic effects at clinically transferrable doses, both in the C4-2 model that resembles solid tumors and micrometastases with natural PSMA expression and in the PC-3 PIP model that mimics poorly vascularized metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Yuli Stenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.J.K.T.); (A.J.)
- Nucligen AS, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-9012-8434
| | - Anna Julie Kjøl Tornes
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.J.K.T.); (A.J.)
- Nucligen AS, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
| | - Hogne Røed Nilsen
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Sverre Bruland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.J.K.T.); (A.J.)
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Vollnberg B, Alberts I, Genitsch V, Rominger A, Afshar-Oromieh A. Assessment of malignancy and PSMA expression of uncertain bone foci in [ 18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT for prostate cancer-a single-centre experience of PET-guided biopsies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:3910-3916. [PMID: 35482114 PMCID: PMC9399054 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Uncertain focal bone uptake (UBU) with intensive radiopharmaceutical avidity are frequently observed in patients undergoing [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT for the detection of prostate cancer (PC). Such foci can pose diagnostic conundrums and risk incorrect staging. The aim of this short communication is to share the results of PET-guided biopsies of such foci. Methods A retrospective analysis revealed 10 patients who were referred to our department for PET-guided biopsy of UBU visible in a previous [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT. [18F]-PSMA-1007 PET-guided biopsy was conducted for 11 PSMA-avid bone foci in these 10 patients. The biopsy materials were analysed for tissue typing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for prostate-specific-membrane-antigen (PSMA) expression. The scans were analysed by two experienced physicians in a consensus read for clinical characteristics and radiopharmaceutical uptake of foci. Results One out of 11 (9.1%) of the foci biopsied was confirmed as bone metastasis of PC with intense PSMA-expression, while 10/11 (90.9%) foci were revealed to be unremarkable bone tissue without evidence of PSMA expression at IHC. Amongst all bone foci assessed by biopsy, eight were visually classified as being at high risk of malignancy in the PET/CT (SUVmean 12.0 ± 8.1; SUVmax 18.8 ± 13.1), three as equivocal (SUVmean 4.6 ± 2.1; SUVmax 7.2 ± 3.0) and zero as low risk. No UBU had any CT correlate. Conclusions This cohort biopsy revealed that a small but relevant number of UBU are true metastases. For those confirmed as benign, no PSMA expression at IHC was observed, suggesting a non-PSMA mediated cause for intensive [18F]PSMA-1007 uptake of which the reason remains unclear. Readers must interpret such foci with caution in order to reduce the risk of erroneous staging and subsequent treatment. PET-guided biopsy, particularly in the absence of morphological changes in the CT, can be a useful method to clarify such foci. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-022-05745-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Vollnberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian Alberts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vera Genitsch
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Albert NL, Burger IA. Highlights of the 34th EANM Annual Congress 2021, 2nd virtual edition: "FROM HAMBURG WITH LOVE". Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:1435-1441. [PMID: 35230490 PMCID: PMC8885389 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irene A Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital Baden, Baden, Switzerland.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Neels OC, Kopka K, Liolios C, Afshar-Oromieh A. Radiolabeled PSMA Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6255. [PMID: 34944875 PMCID: PMC8699044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PSMA has shown to be a promising target for diagnosis and therapy (theranostics) of prostate cancer. We have reviewed developments in the field of radio- and fluorescence-guided surgery and targeted photodynamic therapy as well as multitargeting PSMA inhibitors also addressing albumin, GRPr and integrin αvβ3. An overview of the regulatory status of PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals in the USA and Europe is also provided. Technical and quality aspects of PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals are described and new emerging radiolabeling strategies are discussed. Furthermore, insights are given into the production, application and potential of alternatives beyond the commonly used radionuclides for radiolabeling PSMA inhibitors. An additional refinement of radiopharmaceuticals is required in order to further improve dose-limiting factors, such as nephrotoxicity and salivary gland uptake during endoradiotherapy. The improvement of patient treatment achieved by the advantageous combination of radionuclide therapy with alternative therapies is also a special focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. Neels
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christos Liolios
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
- INRASTES, Radiochemistry Laboratory, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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